CN106099288B - Compact five-port junction structure applied to the efficient high-isolation power combing in three tunnels - Google Patents
Compact five-port junction structure applied to the efficient high-isolation power combing in three tunnels Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
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Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of compact five-port junction structure being applied to the efficient high-isolation power combing in three tunnels, and three identical rectangular waveguides are intersected with 120 ° of angles；The faces E of circular waveguide are coupled in the top planes of three rectangular waveguide intersecting areas；The bottom surface of three rectangular waveguide intersecting areas is provided with the thin-walled circular platform type protrusion extended to intersecting area；The head slab of circular platform type protrusion extends sequentially connected first metal probe and the second metal probe to the direction of circular waveguide, the head slab of circular platform type protrusion it is oppositely extending go out sequentially connected first medium coaxial waveguide and second medium coaxial waveguide；First metal probe is connected with first medium coaxial waveguide.On the basis of keeping compared with compact volume, the TE in three rectangular waveguides is utilized10The TE in TEM mode and circular waveguide in pattern, coaxial waveguide11Pattern forms six mode networks, realizes three tunnel constant amplitudes with phase rectangle TE10The highly efficient power of pattern to coaxial TEM mode synthesizes.
Description
Technical field
It is especially a kind of high for the low return loss of three road high-isolations the present invention relates to microwave passive component technical field
Imitate the compact five-port junction structure of power combing.
Background technology
Traditional High-Power Microwave is generated generally by electron tube, but not with active device output power
It is disconnected to improve, a group battle array is carried out by a large amount of active device, after generated by the way that large-scale antenna array is radiated by again and biography
System electron tube radiates comparable equivalent radiation power.In order to reduced to the greatest extent in the case where equivalent radiation power is constant
The element number of source phased array antenna needs to carry out power combing to multiple active devices in limited cross sections size, in order to protect
The failure performance for demonstrate,proving active device, increases the stability of system while ensureing combined coefficient, need to have between synthesizer input port
There is high-isolation, each port needs have good standing wave performance, while needing higher combined coefficient, the functional needs of institute
It is realized in limited cross sections.The main synthesizer in microwave current field includes binary power synthesizer, waveguide traveling wave power combing
Device, waveguide radial direction power distribution synthesizer and waveguide spatial power synthesizer etc..Binary power wherein based on resistance diaphragm
Synthesizer is unsatisfactory for kW grades of power capacity requirements, and the synthesizer based on existing conventional waveguide evil spirit T structures is mostly unsatisfactory for transversal
Face size requirement, waveguide traveling wave power combiner synthesis interport isolation also cannot be satisfied requirement, waveguide diameter with return loss
Its ultra-compact volume requirement and the low reflection requirement of high-isolation, space power synthesis skill are cannot be satisfied to power distribution synthesizer
Art is higher for microwave frequency band size.The conventional planar transmission line for relying on medium is for realizing that it is larger that kW grades of power capacities have
Difficulty, therefore existing microwave power synthetic technology is mostly unsatisfactory for kW grades of power capacities and filter with low insertion loss high-isolation and size
Volume requirement.Itself for meeting the two-way power splitter just more difficult design of power capacity and sectional area requirement, for height every
Compact kW grades of power capacity synthesizers of return loss low from degree high efficiency are more rare.
Invention content
It is an object of the present invention to provide a kind of compact five-port junction structure being applied to the efficient high-isolation power combing in three tunnels and
Corresponding power combining methods are, it can be achieved that three road rectangle TE in limited cross sections10Pattern to coaxial TEM mode power combing.
Technical solution of the invention is：
A kind of compact five-port junction structure being applied to the efficient high-isolation power combing in three tunnels, is particular in that：
Three identical rectangular waveguides are intersected with 120 ° of angles；
The faces E of circular waveguide 5 are coupled in the top planes of three rectangular waveguide intersecting areas；
The bottom surface of three rectangular waveguide intersecting areas is provided with the thin-walled circular platform type protrusion 8 extended to intersecting area；
The head slab of circular platform type protrusion 8 extends sequentially connected first metal probe 7 and to the direction of circular waveguide 5
Two metal probes 6, the head slab of circular platform type protrusion 8 it is oppositely extending go out sequentially connected first medium coaxial waveguide 9 and second
Dielectric coaxial waveguide 4；
Above-mentioned first metal probe 7 and first medium coaxial waveguide 9 connect；
Three rectangular waveguide intersecting areas, circular platform type protrusion, circular waveguide, the first metal probe, the second metal probe, first
Dielectric coaxial waveguide and second medium coaxial waveguide share same central axis, and three rectangular waveguides are along the central axis
120 ° of rotational symmetry are distributed.
When only existing basic mode in circular waveguide, when higher modes are not present, the radius of circular waveguide 5 is calculated as follows：
Wherein：
R is circular waveguide radius；
C is the light velocity；
F is the upper limit of applying frequency range.
Above-mentioned basic mode is TE11Pattern, above-mentioned higher modes include TM01Pattern.
Above-mentioned first metal probe 7, the second metal probe 6, first medium coaxial waveguide 9 and second medium coaxial waveguide 4
Return loss when being used to adjust the TEM mode inputted in second medium coaxial waveguide 4 of radius and length.
The port of above-mentioned circular waveguide connects a circular polarisation TE11The small-sized load of pattern.
The microwave power synthesis method of compact five-port junction structure applied to the efficient high-isolation power combing in three tunnels, including
Following pattern：
1) constant amplitude is exported when TEM mode is inputted from second medium coaxial waveguide 4, in three rectangular waveguides with phase TE10Mould
Formula, 4 areflexia of second medium coaxial waveguide, the port of opposite circular waveguide 5 is isolated；
2) as the TE for inputting certain polarization direction in circular waveguide 511When pattern, above have energy all in three rectangular waveguides with
TE10Pattern exports, and inputs circular waveguide areflexia, the port quilt of opposite first medium coaxial waveguide 9 and second medium coaxial waveguide 4
It is isolated, TE in three rectangular waveguides10The amplitude and phase of pattern depend on TE11The polarization direction of pattern；
3) when one of rectangular waveguide injects TE10The port of pattern, other two rectangular waveguide is isolated, Implantation Energy
Rectangular waveguide non-emissive, the energy of injection is completely converted into the TE in circular waveguide11In pattern and second medium coaxial waveguide 4
TEM mode.
Advantageous effect of the present invention：
1, the present invention utilizes the TE in three rectangular waveguides on the basis of keeping compared with compact volume10Pattern, coaxial waveguide
In TEM mode and circular waveguide in TE11Pattern forms six mode networks, whole using TEM mode and the structure of structure
120 ° of circumference symmetry characteristics realize three tunnel constant amplitudes with phase rectangle TE10The highly efficient power of pattern to coaxial TEM mode synthesizes.
2, the present invention utilizes two TE of the degeneracy that polarizes in circular waveguide11Pattern, by with three rectangular waveguide intersecting areas
The cooperation of bottom surface protrusion round platform and coupling probe realizes the high-isolation of three rectangular waveguides and low return loss.When circle wave
Lead the middle TE for inputting certain polarization direction11When pattern, all energy are all with TE in three rectangular waveguides10Pattern exports, input
Circular waveguide areflexia, opposite coaxial waveguide port are isolated, TE in three rectangular waveguides10The amplitude and phase of pattern depend on
TE11The polarization direction of pattern.This five-port junction structure can realize that echo of the rectangular waveguide less than -20dB damages within the scope of 8-9.4GHz
Consumption is more than the isolation of 20dB between waveguide, the TE for the degeneracy that polarizes in circular waveguide11Pattern and coaxial waveguide TEM mode echo damage
Consumption is less than -20dB, and isolation is more than 70dB between Three models.
3, the first metal probe of cascade 7 and second being connected with first medium coaxial waveguide 9 and second medium coaxial waveguide 4
Metal probe 6 can be adequately by the energy coupling in coaxial waveguide to the intersecting area of three rectangular waveguides, and then mean allocation
To three rectangular waveguides.
4,8 pairs of circular platform type protrusion ensures that three rectangular waveguide ports realize that smaller return loss and larger isolation have
Important function.
5, the coaxial connection of the second coaxial waveguide in circular waveguide and claim 3, all in three rectangular waveguide intersecting areas
Implementation pattern couples, and passes through TEM mode and TE11The pattern isolation characteristic of pattern realizes the high-isolation of two ports.
6, total along coaxial waveguide and circular waveguide 120 ° of rotational symmetry of central shaft, it ensure that the second coaxial waveguide
After middle input TEM mode, the constant amplitude of each port energy is distributed.
7, circular waveguide chooses suitable radius, can make to only exist basic mode i.e. TE in circular waveguide11TM is not present in pattern01It is contour
Secondary pattern.
8, cascade the first metal probe 7 and the second metal probe 6 being connected with coaxial waveguide Duan Si and nine can be sufficient
By the energy coupling in coaxial waveguide to the intersecting area of three rectangular waveguides, and then distribute to three rectangular waveguides.
9, the first metal probe and the second metal probe and first medium coaxial waveguide and second medium coaxial waveguide have
There is smaller echo when different radiuses and length to ensure the TEM mode inputted in the second coaxial waveguide in certain bandwidth
Loss.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the front view of five-port junction structure of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the vertical view of five-port junction structure of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is the side view of five-port junction structure of the present invention；
Fig. 4 is that rectangular port 1 injects TE10Pattern five-port junction structure top surface field distribution；
Fig. 5 is that rectangular port 1 injects TE10Pattern five-port junction structure bottom surface field distribution；
Fig. 6 is that coaxial port 4 injects TEM mode bottom surface field distribution；
Fig. 7 coaxial ports 4 inject TEM mode top surface field distribution；
Fig. 8 is that the TE that polarizes in the x-direction is injected in circular waveguide port 511The field distribution of pattern top surface；
Fig. 9 is that the TE that polarizes in the x-direction is injected in circular waveguide port 511The field distribution of pattern bottom surface；
Figure 10 is that the TE that polarizes in the y-direction is injected in circular waveguide port 511The field distribution of pattern top surface；
Figure 11 is that the TE that polarizes in the y-direction is injected in circular waveguide port 511The field distribution of pattern bottom surface；
Figure 12 is each reflection coefficient of port loss and rectangular waveguide interport isolation；
Figure 13 is the isolation between 5 each pattern of coaxial port 4 and circular waveguide port；
The TE that polarizes in the x-direction is injected in Figure 14 circular waveguides port 511Each rectangular port S parameter distribution of pattern；
The TE that polarizes in the y-direction is injected in Figure 15 circular waveguides port 511Each rectangular port S parameter distribution of pattern；
Figure 16 coaxial ports 4 inject each rectangular port S parameter distribution of TEM mode.
Reference numeral is in figure：The first rectangular waveguides of 1-；The second rectangular waveguides of 2-；3- third rectangular waveguides；4- second is situated between
Matter coaxial waveguide；5- circular waveguides；The second metal probes of 6-；The first metal probes of 7-；8- circular platform type protrusions；9- first mediums are coaxial
Waveguide；10- is inserted into wave guide ridge.
Specific implementation mode
The present invention is applied to the compact five-port junction structure of the efficient high-isolation power combing in three tunnels, and structure composition is：The
One, second, third rectangular waveguide is intersected with 120 ° of angles, and the faces circular waveguide E are coupled in the top of three rectangular waveguide intersecting areas
The bottom surface of plane, three rectangular waveguide intersecting areas has circular platform type protrusion 8 to be attached thereto, the top planes of circular platform type protrusion 8 to
Circular waveguide direction is sequentially connected metal the first metal probe 7 and the second metal probe 6, top planes to circular waveguide negative direction successively
Medium first medium coaxial waveguide and second medium coaxial waveguide are connected, three are inserted into wave guide ridge 10 and are located at three rectangular waveguide phases
At friendship.
Circular waveguide should choose suitable radius so that basic mode i.e. TE is only existed in circular waveguide11TM is not present in pattern01Deng
Higher modes.
Cascade the first metal probe 7 and the second metal probe 6 being connected with coaxial waveguide section 4 and 9 can adequately will be same
Energy coupling in axis waveguide is to the intersecting area of three rectangular waveguides, and then mean allocation is to three rectangular waveguides.
Cascade the first metal probe and the second metal probe and first medium coaxial waveguide and second medium coaxial waveguide
There is smaller return when having different radiuses and length to ensure the TEM mode inputted in the second coaxial waveguide in certain bandwidth
Wave is lost.
8 pairs of circular platform type protrusion ensures that three rectangular waveguide ports realize that smaller return loss and larger isolation have
Important function.
Circular waveguide and the coaxial connection of the second coaxial waveguide all couple in three rectangular waveguide intersecting area implementation patterns, lead to
Cross TEM mode and TE11The pattern isolation characteristic of pattern realizes the high-isolation of two ports.
Operation principle of the present invention：
Five-port junction structure is actually six mode networks comprising：Three TE10Pattern, a TEM mode and two polarization
The TE of degeneracy11Pattern exports constant amplitude with phase TE when TEM mode inputs, in three rectangular waveguides10Pattern inputs coaxial port
Areflexia, opposite circular waveguide port are isolated.As the TE for inputting certain polarization direction in circular waveguide11When pattern, all energy are whole
With TE in three rectangular waveguides10Pattern exports, and inputs circular waveguide areflexia, and opposite coaxial waveguide port is isolated, three squares
TE in shape waveguide10The amplitude and phase of pattern depend on TE11The polarization direction of pattern.When some rectangular waveguide injects TE10Mould
Formula, other two rectangular waveguide port are isolated, and the rectangular waveguide non-emissive of Implantation Energy, the energy of injection is completely converted into circle
TE in waveguide11TEM mode in pattern and coaxial waveguide.
The associative mode of five-port junction structure of the present invention is defined as：
Pattern 1:1,2:1 and 3:1 represents the TE in rectangular waveguide 1-310Pattern, pattern 4:1 represents the TEM in coaxial waveguide
Pattern, pattern 5:1 and pattern 5:2 represent in circular waveguide in the x-direction and in the y-direction polarized TE11Pattern.
Circular waveguide port is to ensure that three rectangular waveguides can synthesize TEM coaxial mould after the low return loss of efficient high-isolation
The key of formula, when this five-port junction structure is used for three tunnel constant amplitudes with phase power combing or distribution, the TE in circular waveguide11Pattern can fill
As the role of load model.
By taking 7.5-9.75GHz as an example, the five-port junction structure in the present invention is configured to：
One two three rectangular waveguide is intersected with 120 ° of angles, three rectangular waveguide sectional dimensions be 22.86mm ×
10.16mm, rectangular waveguide length are more than 30mm, and the circumradius of the equilateral triangle after three rectangular waveguide intersection point connections is
13mm；
The faces circular waveguide E are coupled in the top planes of three rectangular waveguide intersecting areas, waveguide radius 11.8mm, length
For 20mm, this waveguide radius can ensure in 7.5-9.75GHz frequency ranges, TM in circular waveguide01Pattern and other high orders
Pattern is ended；
The bottom surface of three rectangular waveguide intersecting areas has circular platform type protrusion 8 to be attached thereto, the bottom surface radius of circular platform type protrusion 8
For 8.65mm, top surface radius is 8.65mm, is highly 5.76mm；
The top planes of circular platform type protrusion 8 are sequentially connected metal the first metal probe 7 and the second metal to circular waveguide direction
Probe 6, radius and length are respectively：1.52mm, 4.1mm and 1.33mm, 5.85mm；
The top planes of circular platform type protrusion 8 to the 4th circular waveguide negative direction be sequentially connected medium first medium coaxial waveguide and
Second medium coaxial waveguide is inserted into wave guide ridge 10 and is located at three rectangular waveguide intersections, wherein first medium coaxial waveguide and the
The interior outer radius of second medium coaxial waveguide is respectively：1.52mm, 2.82mm and 2.34mm, 5.92mm, length are respectively
7.94mm and 10mm.The size of three insertion wave guide ridges is respectively 1.58mm × 0.41mm × 10.16mm；
Three rectangular waveguide intersecting areas and raised round platform and insertion cylindrical probe, coaxial waveguide, circular waveguide coaxial line.
As shown in Fig. 4-16, in 8-9.4GHz frequency ranges：
TE is injected in rectangular waveguide port one10Pattern, isolation is more than 20dB, square between rectangular waveguide one and rectangular waveguide two or three
One return loss of shape waveguide port is less than -20dB, and the energy of -4.8dB converts for the TEM mode in coaxial waveguide, -1.8dB
Energy convert for the TE polarized in the x-direction in circular waveguide11Pattern；Rectangular waveguide one and the pole in the y-direction in circular waveguide
The TE of change11Pattern isolation (energy conversion is less than -70dB)；Its field distribution situation is as shown in Figure 4 and Figure 5.
When TE is injected in rectangular waveguide port two10Pattern, isolation is more than 20dB, rectangular waveguide end between rectangular waveguide one and three
Two return losses of mouth are less than -20dB, and the energy of -4.8dB converts for the TEM mode in coaxial waveguide, the conversion of -7.8dB energy
For polarized TE in the x-direction in circular waveguide11Pattern, the energy of -3dB convert for polarized TE in the y-direction in circular waveguide11
Pattern, when three Implantation Energy of rectangular waveguide, energy coupling situation is similar therewith, and field distribution situation injects TE with port one10Mould
Formula is similar；
When TEM mode is injected in coaxial waveguide port four, Implantation Energy is all evenly distributed to three rectangular waveguide ends
In mouthful, the energy coupled in each rectangular waveguide is -4.8dB.Rectangular waveguide port four and two poles in circular waveguide port five
The TE of change11Pattern isolation is more than 70dB, and energy reflection in coaxial waveguide port is less than -20dB, field distribution situation such as Fig. 6 and Fig. 7
It is shown.
When injecting polarized TE in the x-direction in circular waveguide five11The energy of pattern, injection is all assigned to three rectangular waves
In leading, the energy wherein in rectangular waveguide one is -1.8dB, and the energy in rectangular waveguide two and three is -7.8dB, in the x-direction pole
The TE of change11Mode reflection is less than -20dB, with polarized TE in the y-direction11TEM mode isolation in pattern and coaxial waveguide
More than 70dB, field distribution is as shown in Figure 8 and Figure 9；
When injecting polarized TE in the y-direction in circular waveguide five11The energy of pattern, injection is all assigned to rectangular waveguide two
In three, rectangular waveguide one is isolated, and isolation is more than 70dB, and the energy in rectangular waveguide two and three is -3.02dB, along the side y
To polarized TE11Mode reflection is less than -20dB, with polarized TE in the x-direction11In pattern and coaxial waveguide TEM mode every
It is more than 70dB from degree, field distribution is as shown in Figure 10 and Figure 11；
Field distribution in several situations described above is corresponding with the S parameter distribution in Figure 12-16.
Technical solution through the invention meets a circular polarisation TE in the circular waveguide port of five-port junction structure11Pattern is small-sized negative
It carries, it can be achieved that three road rectangular waveguide TE10Pattern to coaxial TEM mode low return loss high-isolation high efficiency power combing.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of compact five-port junction structure being applied to the efficient high-isolation power combing in three tunnels, it is characterised in that：
Three identical rectangular waveguides are intersected with 120 ° of angles；
The faces E of circular waveguide (5) are coupled in the top planes of three rectangular waveguide intersecting areas；
It is raised (8) that the bottom surface of three rectangular waveguide intersecting areas is provided with the thin-walled circular platform type extended to intersecting area；
Circular platform type protrusion (8) head slab to the direction of circular waveguide (5) extend sequentially connected first metal probe (7) and
Second metal probe (6), circular platform type protrusion (8) head slab it is oppositely extending go out sequentially connected first medium coaxial waveguide
(9) and second medium coaxial waveguide (4)；
First metal probe (7) and first medium coaxial waveguide (9) connection；
Three rectangular waveguide intersecting areas, circular platform type protrusion, circular waveguide, the first metal probe, the second metal probe, first medium
Coaxial waveguide and second medium coaxial waveguide share same central axis, and three rectangular waveguides are along 120 ° of rotations of the central axis
Turn symmetrical.
2. the compact five-port junction structure according to claim 1 for being applied to the efficient high-isolation power combing in three tunnels, special
Sign is：When only existing basic mode in circular waveguide, when higher modes are not present, the radius of circular waveguide (5) is calculated as follows：
Wherein：
R is circular waveguide radius；
C is the light velocity；
F is the upper limit of applying frequency range.
3. the compact five-port junction structure according to claim 2 for being applied to the efficient high-isolation power combing in three tunnels, special
Sign is：The basic mode is TE11Pattern, the higher modes include TM01Pattern.
4. the compact five-port junction according to claim 1 or 2 or 3 for being applied to the efficient high-isolation power combing in three tunnels
Structure, it is characterised in that：First metal probe (7), the second metal probe (6), first medium coaxial waveguide (9) and second are situated between
The radius and length of matter coaxial waveguide (4) are used to adjust the echo damage when TEM mode inputted in second medium coaxial waveguide (4)
Consumption.
5. the compact five-port junction according to claim 1 or 2 or 3 for being applied to the efficient high-isolation power combing in three tunnels
Structure, it is characterised in that：The port of the circular waveguide connects a circular polarisation TE11The small-sized load of pattern.
6. being applied to the compact five-port junction of the efficient high-isolation power combing in three tunnels described in application any one of claim 1 to 5
The microwave power synthesis method of structure, it is characterised in that：Including following pattern：
1) constant amplitude is exported when TEM mode is inputted from second medium coaxial waveguide (4), in three rectangular waveguides with phase TE10Pattern,
Second medium coaxial waveguide (4) areflexia, the port of opposite circular waveguide (5) are isolated；
2) as the TE for inputting certain polarization direction in circular waveguide (5)11When pattern, all energy all in three rectangular waveguides with
TE10Pattern exports, and inputs circular waveguide areflexia, the end of opposite first medium coaxial waveguide (9) and second medium coaxial waveguide (4)
Mouth is isolated, TE in three rectangular waveguides10The amplitude and phase of pattern depend on TE11The polarization direction of pattern；
3) when one of rectangular waveguide injects TE10The port of pattern, other two rectangular waveguide is isolated, the square of Implantation Energy
The energy of shape waveguide non-emissive, injection is completely converted into the TE in circular waveguide11In pattern and second medium coaxial waveguide (4)
TEM mode.
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| CN110380178B (en) * | 2019-07-29 | 2021-07-13 | 中国电子科技集团公司第五十五研究所 | Millimeter wave radial multi-path power divider based on silicon micromachining |
| CN111142083B (en) * | 2020-02-27 | 2022-05-03 | 西北核技术研究院 | Short-pulse non-coherent radar intermediate frequency echo construction method |
| CN113960338B (en) * | 2021-10-08 | 2022-08-16 | 西安交通大学 | Micro-coaxial radio frequency probe based on multi-material additive manufacturing process |
| CN115377638B (en) * | 2022-06-23 | 2023-03-14 | 湖南大学 | High-power microwave coaxial TEM-circular waveguide TE 11 Mode converter |
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| CN102832432A (en) * | 2012-08-30 | 2012-12-19 | 北京遥测技术研究所 | Radial linear power divider/synthesizer |
| CN104167585A (en) * | 2014-07-30 | 2014-11-26 | 西北核技术研究所 | Microwave power distributor, microwave power synthesizer and microwave power distribution synthesizer |
| CN104716407A (en) * | 2015-01-07 | 2015-06-17 | 西北核技术研究所 | Microwave mode converter |
| JP2016040858A (en) * | 2014-08-12 | 2016-03-24 | 日本高周波株式会社 | Waveguide type electric power synthesizing/distributing unit |
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| US8786378B2 (en) * | 2012-08-17 | 2014-07-22 | Honeywell International Inc. | Reconfigurable switching element for operation as a circulator or power divider |
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| CN102832432A (en) * | 2012-08-30 | 2012-12-19 | 北京遥测技术研究所 | Radial linear power divider/synthesizer |
| CN104167585A (en) * | 2014-07-30 | 2014-11-26 | 西北核技术研究所 | Microwave power distributor, microwave power synthesizer and microwave power distribution synthesizer |
| JP2016040858A (en) * | 2014-08-12 | 2016-03-24 | 日本高周波株式会社 | Waveguide type electric power synthesizing/distributing unit |
| CN104716407A (en) * | 2015-01-07 | 2015-06-17 | 西北核技术研究所 | Microwave mode converter |
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