CN106093898B - A kind of MIMO array calibration method of subregion formula - Google Patents
A kind of MIMO array calibration method of subregion formula Download PDFInfo
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- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of MIMO array calibration method of subregion formula, processes：According to the layout scenarios of MIMO array, three-dimensional system of coordinate is established, determines the coordinate position of each transmitting antenna and reception antenna；According to bistatic radar equivalent theory and the coordinate position of each transmitting antenna and reception antenna, determine, per the correspondence between its corresponding displaced phase center of a pair of of dual-mode antenna, to obtain displaced phase center array and displaced phase center array co-ordinates position；Region division is carried out to displaced phase center array according to the correspondence of displaced phase center array and dual-mode antenna, metal calibration ball and the distance R and dual-mode antenna beam angle of displaced phase center array plane；Phase calibration process is carried out to the displaced phase center array of each area respectively.By carrying out multidomain treat-ment to array, repeatedly calibrate, array calibration work can be completed in the case where near field antenna wave beam is relatively narrow, realize the array image-forming of high quality.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of MIMO array calibration methods of subregion formula.
Background technology
MIMO array imaging technique has important application value in safety check, nondestructive inspection and geology detecting etc..Battle array
Be listed in before imaging, it is necessary first to each passage carry out phase alignment, calibration main cause be each passage hardware,
Cable, antenna performance equiphase are inconsistent, and channel phases calibration is the key that array image-forming, traditionally generally uses metal cylinder
Or metal ball, as calibrating device, test can once obtain calibration data, and this method is calibrated suitable for far field, in near-field array
During imaging (especially under dark room conditions, region is smaller), if antenna beam is relatively narrow, dual-mode antenna overlay area is limited, it is difficult to
Ensure during disposable calibration test, all dual-mode antennas can cover calibration target, therefore this method has limitation.
MIMO array imaging technique has a high potential in terms of imaging, it is usually by multiple transmitter units and receiving unit structure
Into the working forms controlled using switch, are had every time and only a pair of of dual-mode antenna works, therefore can effectively inhibit antenna
Between coupling, produce the virtual array unit far more than actual antennas number, so as to greatly save array hardware
Cost and construction difficulty.Range migration algorithm (RMA) is a kind of more accurate scattering imaging algorithm, can be applied to Multi probe
Array is scattering into picture.The equivalent principle in lower surface analysis list station.
As shown in Figure 1, bistatic radar equivalent theory：Transmitting antenna and reception antenna with setpoint distance are equivalent to receive and dispatch
Antenna single station situation at center between the transmit antennas and the receive antennas；
If being carved with a pair of of dual-mode antenna work when a certain, the target of irradiation is p, and transmitter unit emits electromagnetic wave route viaTarget p is reached, the scatter echo after p is using routeIt is received unit reception；
According to single equivalent theory of standing, displaced phase center is in the straight line where transmitter unit and receiving unitOn；
Transmitter unit, receiving unit and target p constitute a triangle, and displaced phase center is simultaneously at the triangle angle
On the angular bisector of p, thus the angular bisector withIntersection point be required displaced phase center；
If displaced phase center vector isAccording to triangle geometry correspondence, thenWithBetween just like ShiShimonoseki
System
In practical application, displaced phase center is considered at the center of transmitter unit and receiving unit, i.e.,
When target range Transmit-Receive Unit farther out when, formula (1) is approximate to be set up, and near field when displaced phase center error is larger, then
It needs to carry out phase calibration process；Defining displaced phase center error is
In practical application, MIMO array also exists because of microwave device, opens in addition to there are above-mentioned displaced phase center error
Close, antenna it is inconsistent caused by hardware phase error, these errors array image-forming test before if do not removed
Calibration process, it will the target phase information for making array received is disorderly, can not normally be focused on so as to cause image.
The calibration method document of the MIMO array on near-field scattering imaging domestic at present is less.It is answered when Multi probe array
During with Near-Field Radar Imaging, domestic and international researcher generally uses the following two kinds measure：
First, reducing displaced phase center error from the design of array, suitable antenna array layout can also effectively drop
The displaced phase center error of low array improves image quality.Such as realize same virtual equivalent unit, rectangular array it is equivalent
Phase center error is just smaller than cross array.This method shortcoming is required a high expenditure of energy on Array Design, and
And rational Array Design can only also reduce equivalent phase error to a certain extent, hardware phase error must then pass through material object
Test is calibrated.
Second is that using the calibration method using metal cylinder or metal ball, specifically one spacing of front of the heart in an array
Thin cylinder or wire, schematic diagram from one metal of place's placement is as shown in Figure 2.
In practical application, metal cylinder or the corresponding array received echo of wire are measured first, is denoted as Epole, for one
For tieing up array image-forming, imaging plane is xz faces, therefore metal cylinder or wire are considered as an ideal point target, phase
The displaced phase center array received echo answered can be calculated by way of theoretical calculation, be denoted as Etheory.Then compensate
Matrix can be expressed as Etheory/Epole, the matrix is related with frequency and displaced phase center position.
Greatest problem is existing for this method：It is not suitable for near-field array calibration under particular case.Under the conditions of near-field test,
If antenna beam is relatively narrow, the antenna of array edges will be difficult to receive the useful signal of calibration target, so as to cause edge day
Line to channel error be not calibrated removal, affect imaging effect.
The content of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is exactly to solve the problems, such as that conventional calibration method exists under near-field test environment, provides one
The MIMO array calibration method of kind subregion formula, by carrying out multidomain treat-ment to array, multiple calibration operation can be near field day
Array calibration work is completed in the case that line wave beam is relatively narrow, realizes the array image-forming of high quality.
To achieve these goals, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme that：
A kind of MIMO array calibration method of subregion formula, process are as follows：
Step (1)：According to the layout scenarios of MIMO array, three-dimensional system of coordinate is established, determines each transmitting antenna and reception
The coordinate position of antenna；
Step (2)：According to bistatic radar equivalent theory and the coordinate position of each transmitting antenna and reception antenna, determine every
Correspondence between a pair of of its corresponding displaced phase center of dual-mode antenna, obtains displaced phase center array and equivalent phase
Position center array coordinate position；A metal calibration is placed at the distance R at the center of plane where displaced phase center array
Ball；
Step (3)：According to the correspondence of displaced phase center array and dual-mode antenna, metal calibration ball and equivalent phase
The distance R and dual-mode antenna beam angle of center array plane carry out region division to displaced phase center array；
Step (4)：Phase calibration process is carried out to the displaced phase center array of each area respectively.
The line at the center of plane is perpendicular to equivalent where step (2) the metal calibration ball and displaced phase center array
Plane where phase center array.
The step (4) includes the following steps：
Step (4-1)：It is equivalent for l-th of ith zone when carrying out data acquisition using displaced phase center array
The test echo-signal that the corresponding reception antenna of phase center unit (x (il), y (il), 0) receives is denoted as Smeasure(il,k)；
The value range of i is 1-m, wherein, m represents the number in the region to the division of displaced phase center array；
The value range of l is 1-n, wherein, n represents the number of the displaced phase center unit inside each region；
Step (4-2)：L-th of displaced phase center unit of ith zone (x (il), y (il), 0) is calculated to receive accordingly
The theoretical echo-signal S that antenna receivesmo_sta(il,k)；
Step (4-3)：According to the test echo-signal S of step (4-1)measureThe theory of (il, k) and step (4-2) is returned
Ripple signal Smo_sta(il, k), calculate displaced phase center array l-th of displaced phase center unit of ith zone (x (il),
Y (il), 0) corresponding phase compensation matrix F actor (il, k)；
Step (4-4)：L-th of displaced phase center unit of ith zone (x (il), y (il), 0) corresponding reception antenna
The test echo-signal of reception is denoted as Smeasure(il, k) is multiplied by l-th of displaced phase center list of ith zone of step (4-3)
First (x (il), y (il), 0) corresponding phase compensation matrix F actor (il, k), obtains in l-th of equivalent phase of ith zone
Echo data after heart unit (x (il), y (il), 0) phase alignment completes l-th of displaced phase center unit in the i-th region
(x (l), y (l), 0) phase alignment；
Step (4-1)-step (4-4) is repeated, until completing the phase to displaced phase center unit all in the i-th region
Position calibration；
Similarly, the calibration process to all areas is completed.
The layout scenarios of the MIMO array of the step (1) include：Cross battle array, rectangle battle array, circle or other forms
Irregular array.
The principle of the region division of the step (3) is：
When metal calibration ball apart from displaced phase center array plane be R when, change metal calibration ball X-direction and Y side
To coordinate position, the number that wave beam covers the dual-mode antenna of metal calibration ball is enable to meet given threshold, then can be covered with wave beam
Region where the dual-mode antenna of lid metal calibration ball corresponds to displaced phase center array is first area, similarly finds next area
Domain, until all displaced phase center arrays are divided.
Metal calibration can be covered by ensureing the main beam of the dual-mode antenna in each region in the case of trying one's best greatly in region
Ball obtains several regions.
The step of step (4-1) is：
According to the displaced phase center array center location determination metal calibration ball position coordinates (x of ith zonei,yi,
R)；Actual alignment into row metal calibration ball is tested, and obtains l-th of displaced phase center unit of ith zone (x (il), y
(il), 0) the test echo-signal that corresponding reception antenna receives, is denoted as Smeasure(il,k)。
The step of step (4-2) is：
When calculating the displaced phase center array progress equivalent imaging in single station according to formula (3), the theory that reception antenna receives is returned
Ripple signal Smo_sta(il,k)；
Wherein k=2 π f/c are transmitting signal wave number, and f represents working frequency, and c represents the propagation speed of electromagnetic wave in a vacuum
Degree.
The step of step (4-3) is：
The theoretical echo-signal S for receiving the reception antenna of step (4-2)mo_sta(il, k) is than the reception of upper step (4-1)
The test echo-signal S that antenna receivesmeasure(il, k) obtains the phase compensation matrix F actor of displaced phase center array
(il,k)。
The formula of the step (4-3) is：
Beneficial effects of the present invention：
The array calibration method of 1 present invention is applicable to ultra wide band, narrow beam, near field, far field MIMO imagings；
2 present invention are needed according to dual-mode antenna position, displaced phase center array, antenna beamwidth, calibration ball position
Subarea processing is carried out to array.
3 present invention are in high-resolution imaging and save hardware resource cost etc. and have huge advantage, using the present invention into
The MIMO array of row calibration effectively can carry out one-dimensional, two-dimentional or three-dimensional imaging to target.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is displaced phase center schematic diagram；
Fig. 2 is the phase compensation schematic diagram of traditional Multi probe array image-forming；
Fig. 3 is cross MIMO array；
Fig. 4 is array partition domain schematic diagram；
Fig. 5 is equivalent unit and dual-mode antenna correspondence schematic diagram；
Fig. 6 puts schematic diagram for calibration ball；
Fig. 7 is that the MIMO array of subregion formula calibrates flow chart.
Specific embodiment
The invention will be further described with embodiment below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
First according to MIMO array distribution form, its displaced phase center cell array is determined, for vivider explanation
The calibrating principle of the present invention, by taking simple cross MIMO array as an example, array layout form is as shown in figure 3, adjacent transmission
The interval of antenna and reception antenna is 2 Δs, and Δ is generally the half of array operation wavelength.It is corresponding that Fig. 4 gives the array
Displaced phase center array, it is assumed that under the conditions of Near-Field Radar Imaging, the beam angle of antenna is limited, for example equivalent unit pair in region 1
The dual-mode antenna wave beam answered cannot cover or cannot be completely covered the object to be measured in region 2,3,4, it is assumed that according to antenna beam
Displaced phase center array is divided into 4 parts by width.
By taking region 1 as an example, its equivalent unit and dual-mode antenna correspondence are found out, is received as shown in figure 5, equivalent unit is located at
Send out the midpoint of antenna, it is seen that equivalent unit is at intervals of Δ.The center position coordinates of displaced phase center array in zoning
(x0,y0) (being in this example (- 4 Δs, 4 Δs)), if calibration ball is located at displaced phase center array center front distance R and (generally takes 0.5
To between 1.0m) at, under three-dimensional system of coordinate, the position coordinates of calibration ball is (x0,y0, R) (it is (- 4 Δs, 4 Δs, R) in this example,
As shown in Figure 6.
When carrying out data acquisition using displaced phase center array shown in Fig. 2, for n-th of displaced phase center unit
(x (n), y (n), 0) its corresponding reception antenna receives echo-signal is denoted as S (without considering amplitude)measure(n, k), the equivalent phase
The corresponding theoretical echo in position center is approximately
Wherein k=2 π f/c are transmitting signal wave number, and f represents working frequency, and c represents the propagation speed of electromagnetic wave in a vacuum
Degree.
If calibration matrix is Factor (n, k), definition
Factor (n, k) only need to be multiplied by the corresponding target echo data of each equivalent phase unit in region 1 can be complete
Phase alignment in into region 1.Similarly, in other regions, calibration ball position coordinates need to be redefined, according in equivalent phase
The correspondence of the heart and dual-mode antenna completes phase alignment in remaining area according to (4) formula calibration factor.
As shown in fig. 7, a kind of MIMO array calibration method of subregion formula, process are as follows：
Step (1)：First, according to the layout scenarios of MIMO, establish coordinate system and determine each transmitting antenna and reception antenna
Coordinate position；
Step (2)：According to bistatic radar equivalent theory and step (1) as a result, determining per a pair of of dual-mode antenna and its phase
The correspondence for the displaced phase center answered obtains displaced phase center array and its coordinate position；As shown in Figure 1；
Step (3)：According to the correspondence of displaced phase center array and dual-mode antenna, metal calibration ball and equivalent phase
The distance R and antenna beamwidth of center array plane carry out region division, the original of region division to displaced phase center array
It is then to ensure that the main beam of the dual-mode antenna in each region can cover metal ball in the case where region is as far as possible big, if obtaining
Dry region；
Step (4)：Phase calibration process is carried out to the displaced phase center array of each area respectively.According in region 1
Displaced phase center array center location determination calibration ball position coordinates (x0,y0, R).Carry out actual test, obtain n-th it is equivalent
The corresponding reception antenna echo-signal (without considering amplitude) of phase center unit (x (n), y (n), 0), is denoted as Smeasure(n,k)；
Step (5)：When calculating the MIMO array progress equivalent imaging in single station according to formula (3), the theory that reception antenna receives is returned
Ripple signal Smo_sta(n,k)；
Step (6)：Make the echo-signal S of step (5)mo_sta(n, k) is than the echo-signal S of upper step (4)measure(n,
K), i.e., the phase compensation matrix F actor (n, k) of MIMO is calculated according to formula (4)；
Step (7)：The phase compensation matrix in MIMO array region 1, which has solved, to be finished, using range migration algorithm to reality
Before border target carries out imaging, the result compensation matrix of step (6) is multiplied by the sampled signal in region 1, is completed in region 1
Array phase is calibrated；
Step (8)：According to same principle, similar array calibration is carried out to remaining all areas respectively and is handled.
Above-mentioned, although the foregoing specific embodiments of the present invention is described with reference to the accompanying drawings, not protects model to the present invention
The limitation enclosed, those skilled in the art should understand that, based on the technical solutions of the present invention, those skilled in the art are not
Need to make the creative labor the various modifications or changes that can be made still within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of MIMO array calibration method of subregion formula, it is characterized in that, process is as follows：
Step (1)：According to the layout scenarios of MIMO array, three-dimensional system of coordinate is established, determines each transmitting antenna and reception antenna
Coordinate position；
Step (2)：According to bistatic radar equivalent theory and the coordinate position of each transmitting antenna and reception antenna, determine per a pair of
Correspondence between its corresponding displaced phase center of dual-mode antenna, obtains in displaced phase center array and equivalent phase
Heart array co-ordinates position；A metal calibration ball is placed at the distance R at the center of plane where displaced phase center array；
Step (3)：According to the correspondence of displaced phase center array and dual-mode antenna, metal calibration ball and displaced phase center
The distance R and dual-mode antenna beam angle of array plane carry out region division to displaced phase center array；The step (3)
The principle of region division is：
When metal calibration ball apart from displaced phase center array plane be R when, change the X-direction and Y-direction of metal calibration ball
Coordinate position enables the number that wave beam covers the dual-mode antenna of metal calibration ball to meet given threshold, then can cover gold with wave beam
Region where the dual-mode antenna of category calibration ball corresponds to displaced phase center array is first area, similarly finds next region,
Until all displaced phase center arrays are divided；
Step (4)：Phase calibration process is carried out to the displaced phase center array of each area respectively.
2. a kind of MIMO array calibration method of subregion formula as described in claim 1, it is characterized in that, step (2) gold
Belong to calibration ball with the line at the center of plane where displaced phase center array perpendicular to plane where displaced phase center array.
3. a kind of MIMO array calibration method of subregion formula as described in claim 1, it is characterized in that, step (4) bag
Include following steps：
Step (4-1)：When carrying out data acquisition using displaced phase center array, for l-th of equivalent phase of ith zone
The test echo-signal that the corresponding reception antenna of center cell (x (il), y (il), 0) receives is denoted as Smeasure(il,k)；K=2 π
F/c, k are transmitting signal wave number, and f represents working frequency, and c represents the spread speed of electromagnetic wave in a vacuum；
The value range of i is 1-m, wherein, m represents the number in the region to the division of displaced phase center array；
The value range of l is 1-n, wherein, n represents the number of the displaced phase center unit inside each region；
Step (4-2)：Calculate l-th of displaced phase center unit of ith zone (x (il), y (il), 0) corresponding reception antenna
The theoretical echo-signal S of receptionmo_sta(il,k)；
Step (4-3)：According to the test echo-signal S of step (4-1)measureThe theoretical echo-signal of (il, k) and step (4-2)
Smo_sta(il, k), calculate displaced phase center array l-th of displaced phase center unit of ith zone (x (il), y (il),
0) corresponding phase compensation matrix F actor (il, k)；
Step (4-4)：The corresponding reception antenna of l-th of displaced phase center unit of ith zone (x (il), y (il), 0) receives
Test echo-signal be denoted as Smeasure(il, k) is multiplied by l-th of displaced phase center unit (x of ith zone of step (4-3)
(il), y (il), 0) corresponding phase compensation matrix F actor (il, k), obtains l-th of displaced phase center list of ith zone
Echo data after first (x (il), y (il), 0) phase alignment, completes l-th of displaced phase center unit (x in the i-th region
(l), y (l), 0) phase alignment；
Step (4-1)-step (4-4) is repeated, until completing the phase school to displaced phase center unit all in the i-th region
It is accurate；
Similarly, the calibration process to all areas is completed.
4. a kind of MIMO array calibration method of subregion formula as described in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the step (1)
The layout scenarios of MIMO array include：Cross battle array, rectangle battle array or circle.
5. a kind of MIMO array calibration method of subregion formula as claimed in claim 3, it is characterized in that, the step (4-1)
The step of be：
According to the displaced phase center array center location determination metal calibration ball position coordinates (x of ith zonei,yi, R)；Into
The actual alignment test of row metal calibration ball, obtains l-th of displaced phase center unit of ith zone (x (il), y (il), 0)
The test echo-signal that corresponding reception antenna receives, is denoted as Smeasure(il,k)。
6. a kind of MIMO array calibration method of subregion formula as claimed in claim 3, it is characterized in that, the step (4-3)
The step of be：The theoretical echo-signal S for receiving the reception antenna of step (4-2)mo_sta(il, k) connects than upper step (4-1's)
Receive the test echo-signal S that antenna receivesmeasure(il, k) obtains the phase compensation matrix F actor of displaced phase center array
(il,k)。
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| CN108155958A (en) * | 2017-11-22 | 2018-06-12 | 西南电子技术研究所（中国电子科技集团公司第十研究所） | Extensive mimo antenna array far field calibration system |
| CN110459877B (en) | 2018-05-08 | 2021-11-19 | 西安光启尖端技术研究院 | Phase compensation method and device for measuring array antenna |
| US10830869B2 (en) * | 2018-05-15 | 2020-11-10 | GM Global Technology Operations LLC | Vehicle radar system and method of calibrating the same |
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| CN112763971A (en) * | 2019-10-21 | 2021-05-07 | 中兴通讯股份有限公司 | Method for estimating wave arrival angle, method for calibrating digital channel phase error, device and storage medium |
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