CN106092020B - The test method of melt cinder film thickness in a kind of continuous cast mold - Google Patents
The test method of melt cinder film thickness in a kind of continuous cast mold Download PDFInfo
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- CN106092020B CN106092020B CN201610390708.1A CN201610390708A CN106092020B CN 106092020 B CN106092020 B CN 106092020B CN 201610390708 A CN201610390708 A CN 201610390708A CN 106092020 B CN106092020 B CN 106092020B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B21/00—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant
- G01B21/02—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant for measuring length, width, or thickness
- G01B21/08—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant for measuring length, width, or thickness for measuring thickness
- G01B21/085—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant for measuring length, width, or thickness for measuring thickness using thermal means
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
- B22D11/16—Controlling or regulating processes or operations
- B22D11/18—Controlling or regulating processes or operations for pouring
- B22D11/181—Controlling or regulating processes or operations for pouring responsive to molten metal level or slag level
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of test methods of melt cinder film thickness in continuous cast mold, belong to continuous casting of iron and steel technical field；The present invention carries out small-sized continuous casting experiment first, using the temperature in thermocouple acquisition continuous casting experimentation and saves in a computer, the heat flow density along the hot face of crystallizer of throwing directional spreding is gone out with the temperature inverse of actual measurement；It cuts initial solidification slab after testing and measures green shell along the thickness in throwing direction, the temperature and heat flow density along throwing directional spreding on green shell surface are gone out using slab thickness inverse；On this basis, the physical parameter of join protection slag calculates the thickness distribution of liquid slag film between crystallizer wall and casting billet surface；The present invention accurately calculates the thickness distribution of liquid slag film between crystallizer wall and casting billet surface under specific continuous-casting conditions using solidification simulation device combined mathematical module in continuous cast mold, provides authentic data to accurately hold lubrication, heat transfer and the calculating of liquid frictional force of covering slag in crystallizer.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of test methods of melt cinder film thickness in continuous cast mold, belong to continuous casting of iron and steel technical field.
Background technique
The lubrication of crystallizer and heat transfer are to control slab quality, improve two the most key big factors of production efficiency.Pass through
The vibration of crystallizer, the liquid covering slag on molten steel upper layer are pumped to the gap between crystallizer wall and casting billet surface, form solid-state
Slag film and liquid slag film, slag film play the role of Heat Transfer Control；There are also the effects of lubrication for liquid slag film, reduce resistance of billet withdrawal, prevent
Only green shell crystallizer wall coheres.If liquid slag film is too thin, it will lead to covering slag greasy property variation, increase crystallizer wall and casting
Frictional force between base surface is easy to cause slab to generate the face crack even generation of bleed-out phenomenon；If liquid slag film is blocked up, meeting
Increase the thermal resistance between crystallizer wall and casting billet surface, hinder molten steel heat transfer, so that production efficiency reduces, while making to obtain knot
The slab of brilliant device is excessively thin, is easy to cause bleed-out；If liquid slag film is unevenly distributed, the heat transfer between solidification slab and crystallizer is caused
Medium is inconsistent, since the difference of its thermal characteristics is unevenly distributed casting blank surface temperature, generates on solidification slab larger
Thermal stress, once be more than high temperature green shell allowable stress, the generation of slab crackle can be caused.Therefore, the thickness of melt cinder film and
The uniformity of distribution has extremely important influence to heat transfer and lubrication, and then influences the surface quality and continuous casting effect of slab
Rate.
Lubrication state is usually indicated with frictional force in crystallizer, and the frictional force between crystallizer wall and casting billet surface is continuous
The liquid of the significant process parameter that should be closely monitored and control in cast steel, especially meniscus nearby between liquid slag and slab is rubbed
Power is wiped, initial solidification cc billet surface quality is influenced bigger.The test method of frictional force mainly has at present: (1) load cell
Direct method of testing；(2) experimental model method of testing；(3) mathematical model calculating method.Wherein most in mathematical model method are
Newtonian fluid model: fi=ηi(vm-vc)/dl, wherein fiFor unit area liquid friction force, Pa；ηiFor liquid slag viscosity,
Pa·s；vmFor mold oscillation speed, m/s；vcDrawing speed, m/s；dlMelt cinder film thickness, m；The computation model is simple and convenient,
But accurately melt cinder film thickness is required, and melt cinder film thickness is then very difficult to accurate determination, current research only can prove that liquid
The slag film thickness order of magnitude is 10-5~10-4M range.Therefore, in a kind of Accurate Prediction continuous cast mold melt cinder film thickness method
There is great directive significance for the slab quality control and raising continuous casting efficiency of continuous casting actual production.Since high temperature is disliked
Bad environment is difficult directly to measure melt cinder film thickness；The mainly liquid covering slag slag of its lubricating action between crystallizer and green shell
Film, it is considered that liquid slag film thickness is about 0.1mm；Jenkins(Jenkins M S.Heat transfer in the
Continuous casting mold.Ph.D thesis Clayton, Monash University, 1999.) think melt cinder
Film average thickness is 1/ (3Vc 0.5), wherein for VcPulling speed of continuous casting.Japanese NKK engineering research institute Tsutsumi etc., Kawakami etc.
(Tsutsumi K,Murakami H,Nishioka S I,et al:Tetsu-to-Hagane 84,no.9(1998):617-
624.Kawakami K,Kitagawa T,Mizukami H,et al:Tetsu-to-Hagané 67,no.8(1981):
The consumption of different continuous casting technique covering slags 1190-1199.) is measured using mold simulator；But it does not survey
Measure the melt cinder film thickness along throwing direction.
Summary of the invention
In view of the deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention provides a kind of test method of melt cinder film thickness in continuous cast mold, makes
With initial solidification simulator in crystallizer, based on the temperature of actual measurement and the slab thickness of actual measurement, inverse goes out crystallizer heat
The heat flow density of the heat flow density in face, the temperature of casting billet surface and casting billet surface；On this basis, join protection slag physical property is joined
Number, wherein the crystallization temperature of covering slag is measured by SHTT experiment, calculates liquid slag thickness, is protected to accurately hold in crystallizer
Lubrication, heat transfer and the calculating of liquid frictional force for protecting slag provide authentic data.
The test method of melt cinder film thickness, includes the following steps: in a kind of continuous cast mold of the present invention
Step 1
Simulation factory's continuous casting of iron and steel process is tested based on laboratory room small-sized continuous casting；Acquire the thermocouple measurement in crystallizer
Temperature data, and it is transmitted to data processing equipment；
Step 2
The temperature data being collected is substituted into Billet mathematical model by data processing equipment, calculates pass through crystallization in real time
The heat flow density q of the hot face each point of deviceint；
Step 3
It cuts initial solidification green shell after testing and measures green shell along the thickness in throwing direction, utilize shell thickness, molten steel
Thermal conduction study physical function parameter (density, thermal capacitance, thermal coefficient and heat content) inverse of cast temperature and steel goes out green shell surface along drawing
The temperature T of base directional spredingshellWith the heat flow density q along throwing directional spredingshell；
Step 4
Measure the crystallization temperature T of covering slagsol；
Step 5
Calculate the melt cinder film thickness d between the crystallizer wall and slab of throwing directional spredingl；
Heretofore described temperature sampler is preferably thermocouple.
Data processing equipment is preferably computer in the present invention, other certain equipment that can handle data are used equally for this hair
It is bright.
The test method of melt cinder film thickness in a kind of continuous cast mold of the present invention, in step 1, the continuous casting experiment is used
Solidification simulation device in continuous cast mold, sets continuous casting parameter, and the parameter includes vibration frequency, Oscillation Amplitude, casting temperature
Degree starts experimental rig, carries out continuous casting experiment according to the parameter of setting；The vibration frequency is 1-5Hz, preferably industrial
Using when continuous crystalizer actual vibration frequency；Oscillation Amplitude is 1-6mm, pouring temperature is the liquidus temperature of steel or more
10-50℃。
The test method of melt cinder film thickness in a kind of continuous cast mold of the present invention, in step 2, in the crystallizer, along
Short transverse (throwing direction), in the crystallizer wall in the hot face of vertical mold in vertical section, two groups of thermocouples of installation, first group
Thermocouple is arranged on same vertical line；Second group of heat is equipped between first group of thermocouple and the hot face of crystallizer corresponding to it
Galvanic couple, second group of thermocouple can not be on same vertical line.
The test method of melt cinder film thickness, two groups of thermocouples, first group of thermocouple are set in a kind of continuous cast mold of the present invention
It sets on same vertical line；Second group of thermocouple is equipped between first group of thermocouple and the hot face of crystallizer corresponding to it, the
Two groups of thermocouples can not be on same vertical line.
The test method of melt cinder film thickness in a kind of continuous cast mold of the present invention, in step 2, the qintFor along throwing side
To, two rows of thermocouples the heat flow density set of each point on the parallel hot face of crystallizer.
The test method of melt cinder film thickness in a kind of continuous cast mold of the present invention, in step 2, the mathematical Model of Heat Transfer
For Two-Dimensional Heat mathematical model.The preferably 2DIHCP for mold heat flux software (registration number in industrial applications
2016SR067373) handle collected data.
The test method of melt cinder film thickness in a kind of continuous cast mold of the present invention in step 3, passes through and utilizes solidification rhetorical question
Levenberg-Marquardt method algorithm is inscribed to solve temperature T of the green shell surface along throwing directional spredingshellIt is drawn with edge
The heat flow density q of base directional spredingshell.The solidification indirect problem Levenberg-Marquardt method algorithm is referring to Kei
" the OPTIMAL NUMERICAL METHODS FOR INVERSE HEAT CONDUCTION AND INVERSE of Okamoto
DESIGN SOLIDIFICATION PROBLEMS " the 21-33 pages.
The test method of melt cinder film thickness in a kind of continuous cast mold of the present invention in step 4, is tested by SHTT, is measured
The crystallization temperature T of liquid covering slagsol.Wherein the cooling rate of liquid covering slag is by the slab that is calculated in real time in step 3
The temperature on surface, that is, green shell surface temperature TshellIt determines, the covering slag cooling rate in crystallizer is approximately equal to casting billet surface
Cooling rate.
The test method of melt cinder film thickness in a kind of continuous cast mold of the present invention, in step 5, the dlFor along throwing side
To the data acquisition system of different location liquid covering slag slag film thickness between crystallizer wall and slab.
The test method of melt cinder film thickness in a kind of continuous cast mold of the present invention in step 5, is calculated along throwing direction point
Melt cinder film thickness d between the crystallizer wall and slab of clothlWhen, it is the physical parameter of join protection slag, the physical parameter packet
Include liquid slag thermal coefficient, radiation coefficient, covering slag crystallization temperature and crystallizer heat flow density qint, green shell surface temperature Tshell,
Come what is calculated.It optimizes calculating and formula used is as follows:
In above-mentioned formula, RlFor melt cinder film entire thermal resistance m2·K/W；RlcFor melt cinder film thermal conduction resistance, m2·K/W；hlrFor liquid
Slag film radiation heat transfer coefficient, W/m2·K；kslFor liquid slag thermal coefficient, W/mK；alFor the absorption coefficient m of liquid slag-1；εsh
For the emissivity of slab；εcryFor the emissivity of crystalline state covering slag；M is reflection factor；σBIt is normal for Stefan-Boltzmann
Number, W/ (m2·K4)；
Wherein ksl、al、εsh、εcry、m、σBFor known parameter (by consulting handbook, you can get it)；It is more than simultaneous several
Melt cinder film thickness d between the available crystallizer wall of formula and slabl。
Other calculate the melt cinder film thickness d between the crystallizer wall and slab of throwing directional spredinglMethod also can be used
In the present invention.
Advantages of the present invention:
Using continuous cast mold initial solidification simulator (ZL201110301430.3), can very easily be arranged and real
The close casting parameters of border industrial production, while using industrial protection slag and steel as raw material, therefore experimentation can be very
The initial solidification behavior of Mold in the good practical continuous casting process of reduction；With temperature in the crystallizer of actual measurement and actual measurement slab
Based on thickness, heat flow density, casting blank surface temperature and the casting billet surface hot-fluid that the more accurate inverse of energy goes out the hot face of crystallizer are close
Degree；Join protection slag physical parameter, wherein the crystallization temperature of covering slag is measured by SHTT experiment, calculates liquid slag thickness,
Authentic data is provided to accurately hold lubrication, heat transfer and the calculating of liquid frictional force of covering slag in crystallizer.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is position of thermocouple, flux film distribution and shell growth diagrammatic cross-section；
Fig. 2 is the speed and displacement of crystallizer in a vibration period；
Fig. 3 is the heat flow density in the hot face of the crystallizer along throwing directional spreding calculated；
Fig. 4 is the slab thickness of measurement；
Fig. 5 is the temperature of the casting billet surface along throwing directional spreding calculated；
Fig. 6 is the heat flow density of the casting billet surface along throwing directional spreding calculated；
The distribution of Fig. 7 melt cinder thickness between crystallizer wall and casting billet surface；
Fig. 1 is position of thermocouple, flux film distribution and shell growth diagrammatic cross-section；Thermocouple is arranged in bent moon
In crystallizer arm near face, rectangle ABCD is the zoning of Two-Dimensional Heat mathematical model, and AB, BC, CD, AD are respectively boundary
Position；Near meniscus, molten steel contact water mold arm solidifies to form initial solidification green shell, as thickness is not down for throwing
It is disconnected to grow up；Simultaneously under mold oscillation, liquid covering slag penetrates into the gap between crystallizer wall and green shell surface, in crystallizer wall
Cooling effect under be formed close to crystallizer wall Solidified Flux Film and close to casting billet surface liquid slag film, slag film play control pass
The effect of heat makes green shell heat transfer uniformly, and melt cinder film plays the role of lubrication, reduces frictional resistance when throwing；Last liquid
State slag film thickness gradually thinning most zero；Z-direction is the direction of throwing, X slag film thickness direction.
Each moment during crystallizer moves up and down in one vibration period T=0.5s of crystallizer as can be seen from Figure 2
Corresponding speed and displacement.
The corresponding hot-fluid of the hot face AB every bit of the crystallizer along throwing directional spreding being calculated as can be seen from Figure 3 is close
Spend qint, the tip of slab is wherein corresponded at Z=0mm.
Resulting slab thickness is measured as can be seen from Figure 4；After its embodiment is experiment, intercepted along throwing direction
The longitudinal section of slab then measures slab along the thickness in throwing direction.
It can be seen that from Fig. 5 and Fig. 6 and solved using solidification indirect problem Levenberg-Marquardt method algorithm
Temperature T of the green shell surface out along throwing directional spredingshellAlong the heat flow density q of throwing directional spredingshell。
The melt cinder thickness d between the crystallizer wall and casting billet surface in throwing direction as can be seen from Figure 7lWith the relationship of position Z.
Specific embodiment
Below by specific embodiment, in conjunction with attached drawing, the present invention is described in further detail.
In the present embodiment, in order to calculate the covering slag slag consumption during mold oscillation, specifically includes the following steps:
Step 1 gets out experiment steel and experiment covering slag；
In the embodiment of the present invention, steel grade used is ultra-low-carbon steel, and ingredient is as shown in table 1 below；Protection basicity of slag used is
0.96, ingredient is as shown in table 2；
Table 1 ultra-low-carbon steel composition (wt%)
Table 2 covering slag composition (wt%)
Step 2 is tested using solidification simulation device in continuous cast mold, sets continuous casting parameter, the parameter packet
Vibration frequency, Oscillation Amplitude, pouring temperature and cooling condition are included, starts experimental rig, is connected according to the parameter of setting
Casting experiment；
In the present embodiment, solidification simulation device uses the continuous casting of Patent No. ZL201110301430.3 in continuous cast mold
Mold solidification simulation device, the device disclose structure in the patent, belong to common knowledge；Setting specifically connects
Cast parameter are as follows: pulling rate 10mm/s, vibration frequency 2Hz (i.e. vibration period T=0.5s), Oscillation Amplitude 3mm, pouring temperature 1555
DEG C, cooling water flow 3.0L/min, 24 DEG C of water temperature；According to set parameter, the vibration speed of crystallizer in a vibration period
Spend VmAnd vibration displacement DmAs shown in Figure 2；
Continuous casting process is acquired with given pace using the thermocouple being imbedded in copper plate of crystallizer in step 3, experimentation
In temperature and be stored in computer, the temperature based on actual measurement, inverse obtains the heat flow density in the hot face of crystallizer；
(1) copper plate of crystallizer median plane installs the different thermocouple of two rows of depths, and the distance apart from crystallizer wall is respectively
3mm and 8mm, thermocouple share eight rows, from top to bottom, row the distance between be respectively 3mm, 3mm, 3mm, 3mm, 3mm, 6mm,
10mm, as shown in Figure 1；
(2) the thermometric frequency of fast thermocouple is set as 60Hz, by data collecting card and the software collection to match and deposits
The temperature that heat accumulation galvanic couple measures；
(3) based on the temperature of actual measurement, temperature data is substituted into crystallizer Two-Dimensional Heat mathematical model 2DIHCP for mold
Heat flux software obtains the heat flow density q in the hot face of crystallizer (AB)intAs shown in figure 3, slab tip position Z=
0mm, the above Z value in tip are negative, and Z value below tip is positive；
Step 4 initial solidification slab and measures green shell along the thickness in throwing direction after cutting experiment, utilizes slab thickness
Inverse goes out temperature and heat flow density of the green shell surface along throwing directional spreding；
(1) after the completion of continuous casting process, solidification slab is taken off from crystallizer, using contourgraph measurement slab along throwing
Upward thickness distribution, as shown in Figure 4；
(2) based on the slab thickness of measurement, green shell table is gone out using one-dimensional solidification and heat transfer inverse problem model (1DITPS) inverse
Temperature and heat flow density of the face along throwing directional spreding, casting blank surface temperature TshellAs shown in figure 5, casting billet surface heat flow density
qshellAs shown in Figure 6；
The physical parameter of step 5, join protection slag, the physical parameter include liquid slag thermal coefficient, radiation coefficient, guarantor
Shield slag crystallization temperature calculates between the crystallizer wall and slab of throwing directional spreding on the basis of step 2 and step 3
Melt cinder film thickness dl；
(1) covering slag cooling rate is approximately equal to the fall off rate of casting blank surface temperature:
(1800K-1600K)/2.0s=100K/s
(2) under the cooling rate of 100K/s, covering slag crystallization temperature T is measured using single Thermocouples Technology (SHTT)sol,
It is 1050 DEG C；
(3) heat transfer between crystallizer, slag film and slab is regarded as the one dimensional heat transfer on the direction x, the conservation of energy is based on, in conjunction with guarantor
Protect slag physical parameter, crystallizer heat flow density, casting blank surface temperature, the calculating of liquid slag film thickness can simultaneous following equation:
In above-mentioned formula, RlFor melt cinder film entire thermal resistance m2·K/W；RlcFor melt cinder film thermal conduction resistance, m2·K/W；hlrFor liquid
Slag film radiation heat transfer coefficient, W/m2·K；kslFor liquid slag thermal coefficient, W/mK；alFor the absorption coefficient m of liquid slag-1；εsh
For the emissivity of slab；εcryFor the emissivity of crystalline state covering slag；M is reflection factor；σBIt is normal for Stefan-Boltzmann
Number, W/ (m2·K4)；
In aforementioned four equation, there are four unknown quantity R altogetherl、Rlc、hlrAnd dl, more than simultaneous four available liquid of equation
The distribution of slag film thickness, as shown in Figure 7.
Claims (9)
1. the test method of melt cinder film thickness in a kind of continuous cast mold, it is characterised in that include the following steps:
Step 1
Simulation factory's continuous casting of iron and steel process is tested based on laboratory room small-sized continuous casting；Acquire the thermocouple measurement in crystallizer copper mold
Temperature data, and it is transmitted to data processing equipment；
Step 2
The temperature data being collected is substituted into Billet mathematical model by data processing equipment, is calculated in real time through crystallizer heat
The heat flow density q of face each pointint；
Step 3
It cuts initial solidification green shell after testing and measures green shell along the thickness in throwing direction, shell thickness, molten steel is utilized to cast
The density inverse of temperature and molten steel goes out green shell surface along the temperature T of throwing directional spredingshellWith the hot-fluid along throwing directional spreding
Density qshell；
Step 4
Measure the crystallization temperature T of covering slagsol；
Step 5
Calculate the melt cinder film thickness d between the crystallizer wall and slab of throwing directional spredingl；
In step 5, the melt cinder film thickness calculation formula between the crystallizer wall and slab of throwing directional spreding is as follows:
In above-mentioned formula, RlFor melt cinder film entire thermal resistance m2·K/W；RlcFor melt cinder film thermal conduction resistance, m2·K/W；hlrFor melt cinder film spoke
Penetrate heat transfer coefficient, W/m2·K；kslFor liquid slag thermal coefficient, W/mK；alFor the absorption coefficient m of liquid slag-1；εshFor slab
Emissivity；εcryFor the emissivity of crystalline state covering slag；M is reflection factor；σBFor Stefan-Boltzmann constant, W/
(m2·K4)；
Wherein ksl、al、εsh、εcry、m、σBFor known parameter；The available crystallizer wall of more than simultaneous several formulas and slab
Between melt cinder film thickness dl。
2. the test method of melt cinder film thickness in a kind of continuous cast mold according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: step
In one, the continuous casting experiment sets continuous casting parameter using solidification simulation device in continuous cast mold, and the parameter includes vibration
Dynamic frequency, Oscillation Amplitude, pouring temperature start experimental rig, carry out continuous casting experiment according to the parameter of setting；The vibration
The fusing point that frequency is 1-5Hz, Oscillation Amplitude 2-6mm, pouring temperature are steel is 10-50 DEG C above.
3. the test method of melt cinder film thickness in a kind of continuous cast mold according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: step
In two, in the crystallizer, two rows of thermocouples are installed along throwing direction；Heat of the two rows thermocouple each parallel to crystallizer
Face.
4. the test method of melt cinder film thickness in a kind of continuous cast mold according to claim 3, it is characterised in that: two rows of
The number of any one heat extraction galvanic couple is equal with the number of other heat extraction galvanic couple in thermocouple, and any one row in two rows of thermocouples
The individual thermocouple of any one in thermocouple certainly exists on horizontal line locating for it and belongs to the single of other heat extraction galvanic couple
Thermocouple.
5. the test method of melt cinder film thickness in a kind of continuous cast mold according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: step
In two, the qintFor along throwing direction, two rows of thermocouples the heat flow density set of each point on the parallel hot face of crystallizer.
6. the test method of melt cinder film thickness in a kind of continuous cast mold according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: step
In two, the mathematical Model of Heat Transfer is Two-Dimensional Heat mathematical model.
7. the test method of melt cinder film thickness in a kind of continuous cast mold according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: step
In three, green shell surface is solved along throwing directional spreding using solidification indirect problem algorithm Levenberg-Marquardt method
Temperature Tshell, along the heat flow density q of throwing directional spredingshell。
8. the test method of melt cinder film thickness in a kind of continuous cast mold according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: step
It in four, is tested by SHTT, measures the crystallization temperature T of covering slagsol。
9. the test method of melt cinder film thickness in a kind of continuous cast mold according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: step
In five, the dlFor along throwing direction, the data acquisition system of different location liquid covering slag slag film thickness between crystallizer wall and slab.
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| CN107755648B (en) * | 2017-10-27 | 2019-08-27 | 中南大学 | A kind of method of covering slag slag film resistance in measurement continuous cast mold |
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