CN106084440A - 10kV及以下银灰色电线电缆用硅烷交联聚乙烯绝缘材料及其制备方法 - Google Patents
10kV及以下银灰色电线电缆用硅烷交联聚乙烯绝缘材料及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及绝缘材料领域,尤其涉及10kV及以下银灰色电线电缆用硅烷交联聚乙烯绝缘材料及其制备方法。该绝缘材料按重量百分比计由以下的组分制备得到:LLDPE‑7042、LLDPE‑8320、LDPE、EVA、PP、硅烷偶联剂、交联剂DCP、抗氧剂300、抗氧剂1010、抗氧剂DLTP、抗氧剂1024、有机锡、氟橡胶母料、紫外线吸收剂和银灰色母料。本材料主要用于电缆的绝缘层,以取代目前的PVC材料为主,绝缘性能优于PVC,而PVC在电线老化等起火的时候会放出有毒有害气体,而硅烷绝缘料无毒无害。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及绝缘材料领域,尤其涉及10kV及以下银灰色电线电缆用硅烷交联聚乙烯绝缘材料及其制备方法。
背景技术
电缆行业使用聚烯烃的品种主要有PE、PP、EVA及EEA等,其中相对量大、应用历史长的主要是PE,它有HDPE、MDPE、LDPE、LLDPE及经过交联的XLPE,它们的应用已毋需多说。行业中现今聚烯烃的应用和发展趋势主要集中在以下几方面:
(1)无卤低烟材料的系列化、完善化
无卤低烟阻燃电缆料是近年来发展较快的品种,符合IEC92-359标准要求的热塑型料已得到越来越广泛的应用。随着石油平台、核电站、舰船用电缆及其他环境恶劣的使用场合的要求,交联型无卤低烟电缆料的应用范围将会越来越大。
(2)耐电痕料
耐电痕电缆料是随着ADSS(全介质自承式架空光缆)的推广应用,而逐渐引起大家的注意的。其实,在10kV及以上架空电缆为防止在潮湿状况下产生电晕已有耐电痕要求,由于其绝缘材料(XLPE、HDPE)本身具有一定的耐电痕性,基本能保证架空电缆耐电痕的要求,故而问题并不突出。而ADSS主要是沿着110KV、220KV的高压线路附设,其护套的耐电蚀性将直接影响光缆寿命,故对护套材料的耐电痕性有较为苛刻的要求,即在施加实际使用拉力的90%张力情况下,进行1000小时的耐电痕试验,它需要有为此专门设计的配方体系,其中的关键即为耐电痕剂的使用、优越的物理机械性能、良好工艺加工性的平衡。目前,英、德、美等国对ADSS的寿命研究还在继续,其重点还是如何提高置于空间电场中电缆护套材料的抗电蚀性。
(3)硅烷交联料
硅烷交联聚乙烯绝缘料在3KV及以下的力缆中已普遍使用。随着硅烷交联技术的普及,其它如硅烷交联可剥离屏蔽料、无卤低烟阻燃料、乙丙电缆料已相继有产品问世。国内在硅烷交联可剥离屏蔽料上已有厂家做了工作,而硅烷交联无卤阻燃料、乙丙电缆料尚少为大家了解,当然更谈不上应用了。
(4)辐照交联聚烯烃料
辐照交联材料及技术在电力电缆、架空电缆及装备线上已得到成熟的应用。众所周知,行业中105℃及以下温度等级,无论用XLPE、XLPVC或PVC都可满足要求,150℃以上,硅橡胶、氟塑料、聚酰亚胺等品种的应用也已成熟,但在中间温度等级(如125℃、150℃)的应用开发上,与国外差距比较大。
发明内容
为了解决上述的技术问题,本发明的目的是提供10kV及以下银灰色电线电缆用硅烷交联聚乙烯绝缘材料。本材料主要用于电缆的绝缘层,以取代目前的PVC材料为主,绝缘性能优于PVC,而PVC在电线老化等起火的时候会放出有毒有害气体,而硅烷绝缘料无毒无害。
为了实现上述的目的,本发明采用了以下的技术方案:
10kV及以下银灰色电线电缆用硅烷交联聚乙烯绝缘材料,该绝缘材料按重量百分比计由以下的组分制备得到:
作为优选,该绝缘材料按重量百分比计由以下的组分制备得到:
二步法制备10kV及以下银灰色电线电缆用硅烷交联聚乙烯绝缘材料的方法,该方法包括以下的步骤:
1)催化剂母料制备:按重量百分比计,催化剂母料占总材料成分的3~10%,其中:
将以上材料在搅拌机里搅拌,先低速搅拌1分钟再高速搅拌3分钟,然后放出倒入挤出机料斗,挤出机温度:140~180℃,经双螺杆挤出后经过冷却水槽进行冷却,再经过风机吹干后进行切粒,颗粒在干燥塔,设置80℃烘干2小时以上然后用真空铝塑袋进行包装、暂时存放;
2)成品制备:
2.1)将硅烷偶联剂、交联剂DCP、抗氧剂300按照硅烷偶联剂:1~2%:0.13%:0.02~0.06%的比例进行混合,混合后成为硅烷助剂,充分混合后硅烷助剂待用;
2.2)LLDPE-7042、LLDPE-8320、LDPE、EVA、催化母料按:35~44%:15~24%:20~30%:5~12%:3~10%的比例吸入到搅拌机进行混合,混合均匀后吸入干燥塔,设定60℃,烘干时间大于半个小时,之后将材料吸入原料料仓;
2.3)以上物料经计量称自动加料加入到双螺杆挤出机,将已经配好的硅烷助剂也经过计量称在第二区加入到双螺杆,以上材料在双螺杆进行接枝;
2.4)经双螺杆接枝后的材料经单螺杆挤出、偏心水雾切粒,经输送水泵输送到脱水机,经脱水后由输送风机输送至沸腾床,通过控制料位的高度对材料进行充分干燥,后由真空吸料机吸入成品料仓;
2.5)计量、包装即为成品。
一步法制备10kV及以下电线电缆用硅烷交联聚乙烯绝缘料的方法,该方法包括以下的步骤:
1)催化剂母料制备:按重量百分比计,催化剂母料占总材料成分的3~10%,其中:
将以上材料在搅拌机里搅拌,先低速搅拌1分钟再高速搅拌3分钟,然后放出倒入挤出机料斗,挤出机温度:140~180℃,经双螺杆挤出后经过冷却水槽进行冷却,再经过风机吹干后进行切粒,颗粒在干燥塔,设置80℃烘干2小时以上然后用真空铝塑袋进行包装、暂时存放;
2)成品制备:
2.1)将硅烷偶联剂、交联剂DCP、抗氧剂300按照硅烷偶联剂:1~2%:0.13%:0.02~0.06%的比例进行混合,混合后成为硅烷助剂,充分混合后硅烷助剂待用;
2.2)将主设备双锥转鼓进行加热到90℃;
2.3)LLDPE-7042、LLDPE-8320、LDPE、EVA、催化母料按:35~44%:15~24%:20~30%:5~12%:3~10%比例吸入到双锥转鼓内,然后将盖子密闭,开启双锥转鼓进行干燥、混合;
2.4)以上物料干燥、混合2.5小时后,通过液体喷淋装置将备用的硅烷助剂加入到物料内;
2.5)硅烷助剂经过2.5小时的吸收后放出;
2.6)计量、包装即为成品。
本发明由于采用了上述的技术方案,本发明的材料主要用于电缆的绝缘层,以取代目前的PVC材料为主,绝缘性能优于PVC,而PVC在电线老化等起火的时候会放出有毒有害气体,而硅烷绝缘料无毒无害。
使用本发明的产品生产,螺杆转速及电流稳定,生产240mm2,放线速度每分钟4.5米;在挤出时,出胶均匀,无颗粒,连续开机12天无老胶出现;电缆热延伸检测在70%~80%,永久变形在0~5%范围内;局部放电检测在2PC以内,工频耐压试验30分钟无击穿;半成品、成品检测均符合GB/T 12706-2002要求。
本发明的产品与聚氯乙烯比较,抗热变性比PvC好,抗过载能力强。短路运行温度最高可达250℃。而PVC耐热性差,其80℃持续4h其变性可达50%。当电缆过载运行时易造成绝缘老化及软化变性而引起击穿,PVC老化引起电缆火灾事故占电火灾事故总数的50%;交联聚乙烯密度比聚氯乙烯小40%左右,可以明显减轻线缆的质量。与热塑性聚乙烯比较,提高了耐热变形性,改善了高温下的力学性能,改进了耐环境应力龟裂与耐热老化性能,增强了耐化学稳定性和耐溶剂性,减少了冷流性,绝缘电阻高,介质损耗角正切小,基本上不随温度的改变而改变,基本保持了原来的电气性能。
具体实施方式
实施例1
10kV及以下银灰色电线电缆用硅烷交联聚乙烯绝缘材料,该绝缘材料按重量百分比计由以下的组分制备得到:
二步法制备10kV及以下银灰色电线电缆用硅烷交联聚乙烯绝缘材料的方法,主要由两部分组成,一是催化剂母料的制备,二是成品制备。
1、催化剂母料制备:催化剂母料占总材料成分的5%,具体配方如下:
将以上材料在搅拌机里搅拌,先低速搅拌1分钟再高速搅拌3分钟,然后放出倒入挤出机料斗(挤出机温度:140~180℃),经双螺杆挤出后经过冷却水槽进行冷却,再经过风机吹干后进行切粒,颗粒在干燥塔(设置80℃)烘干2小时以上然后用真空铝塑袋进行包装、暂时存放。
2、成品制备:
2.1)将硅烷偶联剂、交联剂、抗氧剂300按照1.6%:0.13%:0.04%的比例进行混合(混合后成为硅烷助剂),充分混合后硅烷助剂待用;
2.2)将LLDPE-7042、LLDPE-8320、LDPE、EVA、催化母料按照40%:20%:25%:8.23%:5%的比例吸入到搅拌机进行混合,混合均匀后吸入干燥塔,设定60℃,烘干时间大于半个小时,之后将材料吸入原料料仓;
2.3)以上物料经计量称自动加料加入到双螺杆挤出机,将已经配好的硅烷助剂也经过计量称在第二区加入到双螺杆,以上材料在双螺杆进行接枝;
2.4)经双螺杆接枝后的材料经单螺杆挤出、偏心水雾切粒,经输送水泵输送到脱水机,经脱水后由输送风机输送至沸腾床,通过控制料位的高度对材料进行充分干燥,后由真空吸料机吸入成品料仓;
2.4)计量、包装即为成品。
2.5)对以上制备的产品进行检测,检测结果为合格。
实施例2
10kV及以下银灰色电线电缆用硅烷交联聚乙烯绝缘材料,该绝缘材料按重量百分比计由以下的组分制备得到:
上述的绝缘材料采用实施例1的二步法制备绝缘材料。
实施例3
10kV及以下银灰色电线电缆用硅烷交联聚乙烯绝缘材料,该绝缘材料按重量百分比计由以下的组分制备得到:
一步法制备10kV及以下银灰色电线电缆用硅烷交联聚乙烯绝缘材料的方法。主要由两部分组成,一是催化剂母料的制备,二是成品制备。
一、催化剂母料制备:催化剂母料占总材料成分的5%,具体配方如下:
将以上材料在搅拌机里搅拌,先低速搅拌1分钟再高速搅拌3分钟,然后放出倒入挤出机料斗(挤出机温度:140~180℃),经双螺杆挤出后经过冷却水槽进行冷却,再经过风机吹干后进行切粒,颗粒在干燥塔(设置80℃)烘干2小时以上然后用真空铝塑袋进行包装、暂时存放。
二、成品制备:
1、将硅烷偶联剂、交联剂、抗氧剂300按照1.6%:0.13%:0.04%的比例进行混合(混合后成为硅烷助剂),充分混合后硅烷助剂待用;
2、将主设备双锥转鼓进行加热到90℃;
3、将LLDPE-7042、LLDPE-8320、LDPE、EVA、催化母料按照40%:20%:25%:8.23%:5%的比例吸入到双锥转鼓内,然后将盖子密闭,开启双锥转鼓进行干燥、混合;
4、以上物料干燥、混合2.5小时后,通过液体喷淋装置将备用的硅烷助剂加入到物料内;
5、硅烷助剂经过2.5小时的吸收后放出;
6、计量、包装即为成品。
7、对以上制备的产品进行检测,检测结果为合格。
实施例4
10kV及以下银灰色电线电缆用硅烷交联聚乙烯绝缘材料,该绝缘材料按重量百分比计由以下的组分制备得到:
上述的绝缘材料采用实施例3的一步法制备绝缘材料。
Claims (2)
1.10kV及以下银灰色电线电缆用硅烷交联聚乙烯绝缘材料,其特征在于该绝缘材料按重量百分比计由以下的组分制备得到:
2.根据权利要求1所述的10kV及以下银灰色电线电缆用硅烷交联聚乙烯绝缘材料,其特征在于该绝缘材料按重量百分比计由以下的组分制备得到:
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