CN106077419B - A kind of generator guard ring jumping-up bulging composite strengthening method - Google Patents
A kind of generator guard ring jumping-up bulging composite strengthening method Download PDFInfo
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- CN106077419B CN106077419B CN201610534480.9A CN201610534480A CN106077419B CN 106077419 B CN106077419 B CN 106077419B CN 201610534480 A CN201610534480 A CN 201610534480A CN 106077419 B CN106077419 B CN 106077419B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21K—MAKING FORGED OR PRESSED METAL PRODUCTS, e.g. HORSE-SHOES, RIVETS, BOLTS OR WHEELS
- B21K1/00—Making machine elements
- B21K1/76—Making machine elements elements not mentioned in one of the preceding groups
- B21K1/761—Making machine elements elements not mentioned in one of the preceding groups rings
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J13/00—Details of machines for forging, pressing, or hammering
- B21J13/02—Dies or mountings therefor
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of generator guard ring jumping-up bulging composite strengthening method, its content is：Retaining ring blank is placed on the conical surface of lower mould, on the conical surface for the upper surface that upper mould is placed in retaining ring blank by the cooperation with subtracting power post；Highly pressurised liquid is applied fluid pressure in retaining ring blank inwall, apply axial compression load to retaining ring blank by upper mould from lower mould by subtracting power post injection retaining ring blank and subtracting the toroidal cavity between power post；Retaining ring blank produces plastic deformation under internal pressure and the collective effect of axial compression load and reaches the purpose for strengthening retaining ring blank；On the premise of shelling ring material yield condition is met, the axial compression load and radial load internal pressure and its rule change of each group of determination form a load path, and the ratio adjusted between internal pressure and axial compression load obtains different load paths；According to plasticity constitutive relation, the flow that the pressing speed v and highly pressurised liquid that are converted to the control of internal pressure and axial compression load to upper mould are entered to ring billet inner chamber controls.
Description
Technical field：
The present invention relates to steam turbine generator and nuclear power generator technical field, more particularly to a kind of generator guard ring jumping-up,
Bulging composite strengthening method.
Background technology：
Retaining ring is the crucial forging in Turbo-generator Set and nuclear power generator group, and its both ends with rotor is interference fitted,
Rotor end turn coils are pressed in rotating shaft, prevent it from outwards flying out under the influence of centrifugal force.Retaining ring is done at a high speed with rotor
Rotation, in addition to rotor winding end, the huge centrifugal force and coil-winding of itself is born to the superposition load of retaining ring, while also
Erection stress during hot charging is born, force-bearing situation is complicated, working environment is severe., in order to ensure the safe handling of generating set
Ask retaining ring that there is higher yield strength, good plasticity toughness, uniform mechanical property and small residual stress.General capacity
In more than 300MW Large Steam Turbine-Generator retaining ring, it is desirable to which yield strength is in more than 1000MPa.Nuclear power generator is to retaining ring
The requirement of yield strength is higher, usually 1350-1400MPa.
On the other hand, retaining ring high-intensity magnetic field and have corrosive medium environment in work, it is necessary to using austenitic nonmagnetic steel come
Manufacture.Retaining ring factory all manufactures the retaining ring forged piece of large sized unit, this steel using Mn18Cr18N steel both at home and abroad at present
Yield strength is generally 400MPa or so after material hot forging, and after solution treatment, its yield strength can be increased to a 600MPa left sides
The right side, far from the mechanical property requirements reached to retaining ring.
Mn18Cr18N materials are single phase austenite tissues, without phase transformation, it is impossible to improve its power with normative heat treatment method
Performance is learned, its intensity can only be improved by the strengthening effect of cold plastic deformation, to meet that the required mechanical property of design refers to
Mark.
At present, retaining ring deformation strengthening method mainly has expanding with wedge block shaping reinforcement technique and hydraulic pressure expanding and reinforcing technology.
In the early 1980s, the method that Japan strengthens first by expanding with wedge block, its principle are as shown in Figure 1.In retaining ring
Inside be put into it is a set of by tapered punch 1' and it is fan-shaped divide the valve voussoir hole expansion die that 2' is formed, hole expansion die is placed on backing plate 4'.
Transverse shifting is produced in the descending promotion voussoirs of load effect inferior pyramidal drift 1' that hydraulic press provides, retaining ring 3' machineries dilate generation
It is plastically deformed and reaches the purpose of reinforcing.The characteristics of this method is that tangential deformation is uneven, and section is in plum blossom after ring billet deformation
Shape., can only be by the way of Simulation Based On Multi-step gradually deform in order to slow down such a phenomenon, it is once one that tapered punch, which often lifts pressure,
Work step.Between each adjacent process steps, ring billet turns an angle by regulation.The method production efficiency is extremely low, one 300MW's of production
Retaining ring just needs 8 hours.In addition, the operation difficulty of expanding with wedge block reinforcing is big, mould processing difficulties, thus production cost is very
It is high.
1960 Frenchman have invented hydraulic bulging of retaining ring of generator and have strengthened patented technology.On the basis of Frenchman's patented technology
On, retaining ring by hydraulic expanding and reinforcing technology is at home and abroad updated and developed, and forms several different technology branch.Represent
Domestic and international bleeding edge is " external fluid infusion hydraulic pressure expanding and reinforcing process ", and its operation principle is as shown in Figure 2.Retaining ring blank is put
On lower mould 4 ", high-pressure pump (or booster) is to filling highly pressurised liquid inside retaining ring blank, in the presence of this highly pressurised liquid,
Retaining ring blank produces plastic deformation, reaches the purpose of reinforcing.Setting one is narrow at the inwall of retaining ring blank upper and lower end face falls
Angle band, upper mould 1 ", the cone angle of lower mould 4 " are engaged with the chamfering band, be applied to mould 1 ", the mold clamping force P " on lower mould 4 " will be upper
Mould 1 " and lower mould 4 " are pressed against on the chamfering inclined-plane of ring billet, play the sealing function to ring billet inner high voltage liquid.Subtract power post 3 "
Effect is to reduce upper mould 1 ", the contact area of lower mould 4 " and highly pressurised liquid, so as to reduce required mold clamping force.Similar shield
Ring hydraulic pressure expanding and reinforcing process is all identical from technical principle, only the generation of mold clamping force P " and highly pressurised liquid and is carried
Supplier's formula is different.Under existing hydraulic pressure expanding and reinforcing technical conditions, no matter using which kind of method, the change of retaining ring blank
Shape feature is that height reduces, and inside and outside footpath increase, thickness reduces.Axial load (the matched moulds that upper low punch is put on mould
Power), mainly sealed in Bulging Process, and the contribution very little of plastic deformation is produced to retaining ring, it can be ignored.
So from the perspective of mechanics, axial symmetry plane stress problem can be considered, in such technique, the stress state of ring billet is approximate
In the thick cyclinder model acted on by uniform internal pressure：It is radially compression stress, is tangentially tensile stress, and the number of tangential stress
Value is more much bigger than the numerical value of radial compressive stress, and the take up an official post spherical tensor of stress of any of anticipating of ring billet is all higher than 0 in Bulging Process, thus
The plasticity of shelling ring material can be reduced.When retaining ring (particularly nuclear power generator retaining ring) reinforcement process requires larger deformation extent
When, spalling defect occurs in retaining ring.In addition, such work bulging process, the size relationship of blank and retaining ring is one by one before and after bulging
It is corresponding, so the requirement to billet size is extremely strict, slightly waste product will occur because of dimensional problem accidentally.
Bulging provided by the invention, jumping-up retaining ring composite reinforcement process can overcome the upper of existing retaining ring by hydraulic bulging process
State deficiency.
The content of the invention
The present invention is directed to high intensity hydraulic bulging of retaining ring of generator reinforcement technique present situation, there is provided a kind of high intensity retaining ring jumping-up
Bulging composite reinforcement process method.
The technical principle of the present invention is to realize retaining ring using a kind of biaxial loadings mode radially, axially loaded simultaneously
Deformation strengthening.Axially loaded that jumping-up is carried out to ring billet, radial loaded carries out bulging to ring billet.
The present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions：
A kind of generator guard ring jumping-up bulging composite strengthening method, this method realize that depending on die device and its assembling closes
System, the die device include upper mould, subtract power post and lower mould；The assembly relation of the die device and retaining ring blank is：Retaining ring
Respectively one conical surface of processing, conical inclination β are equal to retaining ring blank end face and upper die and lower die contact surface for the upper surface and lower surface of blank
Between angle of friction；Upper mould sets the identical conical surface to be adapted with the upper surface of retaining ring blank and lower surface with lower mould；This method
Comprise the following steps：
1) retaining ring blank is placed on the conical surface of lower mould, hollow upper mould is placed in retaining ring blank by the cooperation with subtracting power post
Upper surface the conical surface on；A conical surface, cone element and footpath are respectively processed in the upper surface of cylindrical shape retaining ring blank and lower surface
To angle be equal to angle of friction corresponding to coefficient of friction between die device and retaining ring blank material；Upper die and lower die and shield
Ring blank contact surface is cone structure, and its cone angle is corresponding with the conical surface of retaining ring blank upper surface and lower surface；
2) highly pressurised liquid is injected using high-pressure pump or by subtracting power post from lower mould by booster retaining ring blank and subtract power
Toroidal cavity between post, apply fluid pressure p in retaining ring blank inwall, realize the radial loaded to retaining ring blank, make its production
The effect of raw bulging；Axial compression load F is applied to retaining ring blank by upper mould using hydraulic press or special purpose device, is allowed to produce
The effect of jumping-up, while the highly pressurised liquid inside retaining ring blank is sealed；Axially with radially simultaneously loading or according to
Different orders makes retaining ring blank produce the composite deformation of jumping-up and bulging, reaches the purpose for strengthening it；
3) retaining ring blank generation plastic deformation under internal pressure p and axial compression load F collective effect, which reaches, makes shield
The purpose that ring blank is strengthened；On the premise of shelling ring material yield condition is met, the axial compression load F of each group of determination and footpath
A load path is formed to load internal pressure p and its rule change, is adjusted between internal pressure p and axial compression load F
Ratio obtain different load path；Under conditions of meeting that retaining ring blank strengthens requirement, for the mechanical property with determination
For the retaining ring blank of energy, rational load path can be selected according to the plasticity index of material and the force-power parameter of hydraulic press.
4) internal pressure p and axial compression load F is difficult to control in retaining ring blank strengthening process, according to plasticity sheet
Structure relation, internal pressure p and axial compression load F control will be converted to enter the pressing speed v and highly pressurised liquid of upper mould
Enter the flow Q controls of ring billet inner chamber.
Using a kind of generator guard ring jumping-up bulging provided by the invention is multiple and intensifying method, have compared with prior art
Such beneficial effect：
1st, retaining ring can be made to obtain bigger deformation extent, it is thus possible to obtain and preferably strengthen effect.It is compressed axially load
Lotus makes to produce axial compression stress inside retaining ring blank, according to yield criterion, the internal pressure p required for now retaining ring blank deformation
Corresponding to reduce, the factor of these two aspects causes the hydrostatic pressure inside retaining ring blank to increase, so can obtain than simple hydraulic pressure
The bigger deformation extent of bulging, realize reinforcing effect more more effective than simple hydraulic expanding-forming.This point is for retaining ring intensity requirement
Higher nuclear power retaining ring is particularly important.
2nd, the residual stress of retaining ring is small.The size of residual stress is also to weigh an important finger of its quality after retaining ring bulging
Mark.In order to obtain good military service performance, it is desirable to which the residual stress inside retaining ring is as small as possible.If lubricant method is proper, upsetting
Retaining ring blank can be slightly set to obtain almost perfect homogeneous deformation effect, in jumping-up bulging composite reinforcement process, contained by jumping-up factor
Ratio is bigger, and the uniformity of deformation is better, and residual stress is also just smaller.Composite reinforcement process is than simple expanding and reinforcing process
Deformation uniformity to get well, thus residual stress is also small.
3rd, retaining ring blank dimension scope is wide, and load path has diversity.Existing hydraulic pressure expanding and reinforcing technology only has one
Kind load path, under conditions of performance indications determination before and after bulging, the physical dimension before and after bulging, which has, to be corresponded really
Determine relation, thus extremely strict is required to the size of retaining ring blank, slightly mistake, waste product will occur because of dimensional problem.Adopt
With method provided by the invention, strengthening process can use different radial load internal pressure p and axial compression load F
Match somebody with somebody, a kind of each internal pressure p load paths corresponding with axial compression load F combination.So for determination performance
It is required that and for the retaining ring product of size, can select to close according to the force-power parameter of the plastic property index of material, former
Suitable load path, while different load paths correspond to different retaining ring blank dimension, thus it is provided by the invention compound
Intensifying method can use a variety of load paths and corresponding ring billet original size.Even if go out after ring billet forging or in strengthening process
Existing dimensional discrepancy, can also adjust load path in good time, produce qualified products.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is that mould and its operation principle schematic diagram are strengthened in expanding with wedge block；
In figure：1'- drifts 2'- divides valve voussoir 3'- ring billet 4'- backing plates；
Fig. 2 is hydraulic expanding die structure and working principle schematic diagram；
1 "-upper mould 2 "-ring billet 3 "-subtracts power post 4 "-lower mould；
Fig. 3 is that the mould structure of generator guard ring jumping-up bulging composite strengthening method provided by the invention and operation principle are shown
It is intended to；
The upper mould 2- retaining rings blank 3- of 1- subtract mould under power post 4-；
Fig. 4 is retaining ring blank upper and lower side cone structure schematic diagram.
Embodiment
The present invention is described in further detail with embodiment below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings：
A kind of multiple intensifying method of generator guard ring jumping-up bulging, this method realize that depending on die device and its assembling closes
System, the mould structure and operation principle schematic diagram such as Fig. 3 of generator guard ring jumping-up bulging composite strengthening method provided by the invention
Shown, the die device includes upper mould 1, subtracts power post 3 and lower mould 4；The assembly relation of the die device and retaining ring blank 2
It is：Each one conical surface of processing in the upper surface and lower surface of retaining ring blank 2, conical inclination β be equal to retaining ring blank end face and upper mould and
Angle of friction between lower mould contact surface, retaining ring blank upper and lower side cone structure schematic diagram are as shown in Figure 4；Upper mould 1 is also set with lower mould 4
The identical conical surface is put to be adapted with the upper surface of retaining ring blank 2 and lower surface；Subtracting power post 3 can be made of one with lower mould 4, can also separate
An entirety is connected into by suitable mode after making；This method content comprises the following steps：
1) retaining ring blank 2 is placed on the conical surface of lower mould 4, hollow upper mould 1 is placed in retaining ring by the cooperation with subtracting power post 3
On the conical surface of the upper surface of blank 2；In the upper surface of cylindrical shape retaining ring blank 2 and lower surface, respectively one conical surface of processing, the conical surface are female
The angle of line and radial direction is equal to the corresponding angle of friction of coefficient of friction between die device and the material of retaining ring blank 2；Upper mould 1, under
Mould 4 and the contact surface of retaining ring blank 2 are cone structure, and its cone angle is corresponding with the conical surface of the upper surface of retaining ring blank 2 and lower surface；
By highly pressurised liquid injection retaining ring blank 2 and subtract the cavity between power post 3 using high-pressure pump or by booster, realize and radially add
Carry, retaining ring blank 2 is produced the effect of bulging；Axial direction is applied to retaining ring blank 2 by upper mould 1 using hydraulic press or special purpose device
Load, retaining ring blank 2 is produced the effect of jumping-up, while the highly pressurised liquid inside retaining ring blank 2 is sealed；
2) highly pressurised liquid applies from lower mould by subtracting power post 3 into retaining ring blank 2 and subtracting the toroidal cavity between power post 3
Uniform fluid pressure p makes it produce the effect of bulging in the inwall of retaining ring blank 2.Hydraulic press or special loading equipment pass through mould
Tool device applies axial compression load F to retaining ring blank 2 makes it produce jumping-up effect, while to the high pressure inside retaining ring blank 2
Liquid seals.Under fluid pressure p and axial compression load F collective effect, retaining ring blank 2 produces bulging and jumping-up
Compound plastic deformation, reach the purpose of reinforcing；
3) each group of axial load and the combination of radial load and its changing rule form a load path；Meeting to protect
Under conditions of ring blank 2 strengthens requirement, for the retaining ring hair determined with the retaining ring blank 2 and material property that determine performance requirement
Base 2, rational load path is selected according to the force-power parameter of the plasticity index of material and hydraulic press：I.e. using different axial direction loads
Lotus (i.e. upset force) and radial load (i.e. s) match；
4) due to during process implementing fluid pressure p and axial compression load F be difficult to control, according to this structure of plasticity
Relation, pressing speed v and the highly pressurised liquid entrance to upper mould 1 will be converted to fluid pressure p and axial compression load F control
The inner chamber flow Q of retaining ring blank 2 control；
The requirement of certain finished product retaining ring size is internal diameter 1000mm, external diameter 1250mm, height 800mm, and the selection of material is
Mn18Cr18N.Yield strength at its inwall of retaining ring product requirement is 1300MPa, and the hardening characteristics of material are
The equivalent strain of retaining ring inwall need to reach 0.319 performance indications that can reach requirement.After tested, retaining ring blank with
Coefficient of friction between die device is 0.12, therefore the inclination angle of end cone face and lower end cone face is β=6.8 ° on retaining ring blank.
Embodiment 1
In retaining ring strengthening process, it is -0.2 to take its axial strain, and corresponding retaining ring blank internal diameter tangential strain is 0.315.
So it is highly 977.1 that can obtain retaining ring blank, retaining ring blank external diameter is 912.2, and retaining ring blank external diameter is obtained by constancy of volume, incompressibility
For 609.6.To above-mentioned data according to the appropriate rounding of principle for reserving certain allowance：Retaining ring blank height 980mm, internal diameter
610mm, external diameter 915mm.Adjust press pressing speed and highly pressurised liquid enters the flow of retaining ring blank inner chamber, mould is pushed speed
Degree matches with retaining ring blank inwall or pushing the speed for (outer wall) diameter, you can the shield for obtaining performance and being of the required size
Ring.
Embodiment 2
Retaining ring size and requirement are the same as embodiment 1.In retaining ring strengthening process, it is -0.25 to take its axial strain, corresponding retaining ring
The tangential strain of blank external diameter is 0.297.So it is highly 1027.2 that can obtain retaining ring blank, retaining ring blank external diameter is 928.8, by body
Product permanence condition can obtain retaining ring blank internal diameter as 651.6.It is suitably round according to the principle for reserving certain allowance to above-mentioned data
It is whole：Retaining ring blank height 1030mm, internal diameter 760mm, external diameter 1015mm.Adjustment press pressing speed and highly pressurised liquid enter retaining ring
The flow of blank inner chamber, mould is pushed speed and match with retaining ring blank inwall or pushing the speed for (outer wall) diameter, you can
The retaining ring for obtaining performance and being of the required size.
Embodiment 3
In retaining ring strengthening process, it is -0.28 to take its axial strain, and corresponding retaining ring blank external diameter tangential strain is 0.272.
So it is highly 1058.5 that can obtain retaining ring blank, retaining ring blank external diameter is 952.3, can be obtained in retaining ring blank by constancy of volume, incompressibility
Footpath is 694.1.To above-mentioned data according to the appropriate rounding of principle for reserving certain allowance：Retaining ring blank height 1065mm, it is interior
Footpath 780mm, external diameter 1018mm.Adjust press pressing speed and highly pressurised liquid enters the flow of retaining ring blank inner chamber, make under mould
Pressure speed matches with retaining ring blank inwall or pushing the speed for (outer wall) diameter, you can obtains performance and is of the required size
Retaining ring.
During according to simple bulging process, only one group of retaining ring blank dimension is relative with the characteristic dimension of final retaining ring product
Should：Highly 938.3, retaining ring blank external diameter is 908.6, and retaining ring blank internal diameter can be obtained as 588.2 by constancy of volume, incompressibility.
Claims (1)
- A kind of 1. generator guard ring jumping-up bulging composite strengthening method, it is characterised in that：This method, which is realized, depends on die device And its assembly relation, the die device include upper mould, subtract power post and lower mould；The assembling of the die device and retaining ring blank is closed System is：Each one conical surface of processing in the upper surface and lower surface of retaining ring blank, conical inclination β be equal to retaining ring blank end face and upper mould, Angle of friction between lower mould contact surface；Upper mould sets the identical conical surface mutually to be fitted with the upper surface of retaining ring blank and lower surface with lower mould Should；This method comprises the following steps：1) retaining ring blank is placed on the conical surface of lower mould, hollow upper mould is placed in the upper of retaining ring blank by the cooperation with subtracting power post On the conical surface of end face；In each one conical surface of processing in the upper surface of cylindrical shape retaining ring blank and lower surface, cone element and radial direction Angle is equal to the angle of friction corresponding to the coefficient of friction between die device and retaining ring blank material；Upper die and lower die and retaining ring hair Base contact surface is cone structure, and its cone angle is corresponding with the conical surface of retaining ring blank upper surface and lower surface；2) using high-pressure pump or by booster by highly pressurised liquid from lower mould by subtract power post inject retaining ring blank and subtract power post it Between toroidal cavity, apply fluid pressure p in retaining ring blank inwall, realize the radial loaded to retaining ring blank, make its generation swollen The effect of shape；Axial compression load F is applied to retaining ring blank by upper mould using hydraulic press or special purpose device, is allowed to produce jumping-up Effect, while the highly pressurised liquid inside retaining ring blank is sealed；Axially with radially loading simultaneously or according to difference Order retaining ring blank is produced the composite deformation of jumping-up and bulging, reach the purpose for strengthening it；3) retaining ring blank generation plastic deformation under internal pressure p and axial compression load F collective effect, which reaches, makes retaining ring hair The purpose that base is strengthened；On the premise of shelling ring material yield condition is met, the axial compression load F of each group of determination and radially load Lotus internal pressure p and its rule change form a load path, adjust the ratio between internal pressure p and axial compression load F Example obtains different load paths；4) internal pressure p and axial compression load F is difficult to control in retaining ring blank strengthening process, and according to plasticity, this structure closes System, ring is entered to the pressing speed v and highly pressurised liquid of upper mould by being converted to internal pressure p and axial compression load F control The flow Q controls of base inner chamber.
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| CN110270619A (en) * | 2019-06-11 | 2019-09-24 | 太原科技大学 | A kind of circular material blank ultrahigh-pressure hydraulic breathing intensifying device |
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| JPS5639127A (en) * | 1979-09-04 | 1981-04-14 | Kobe Steel Ltd | Expansively forming method for ring shape material by liquid pressure |
| JPS5744425A (en) * | 1980-08-12 | 1982-03-12 | Kobe Steel Ltd | Cold working method and apparatus of annular material |
| CN101367104A (en) * | 2008-10-10 | 2009-02-18 | 沈阳重型机械集团有限责任公司 | Shroud ring external fluid infusion hydraulic pressure expanding and reinforcing process for turbine generator |
| CN101497096B (en) * | 2009-03-17 | 2010-06-09 | 哈尔滨理工大学 | Device for processing reducer pipe fitting with big section difference and method for shaping the same |
| CN105642745A (en) * | 2014-11-14 | 2016-06-08 | 上海重型机器厂有限公司 | Cold deformation strengthening manufacturing method for retaining ring used for large power station |
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