CN106077033A - 生物质制备rdf‑5热解气化无烟气排放蒸汽发电工艺 - Google Patents
生物质制备rdf‑5热解气化无烟气排放蒸汽发电工艺 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种生物质制备RDF‑5热解气化无烟气排放蒸汽发电工艺,是将打包好的原生物质经过一系列的处理制成棒状或块状固态垃圾衍生燃料(RDF‑5),将RDF‑5棒状或块状燃料进行热解气化生成可燃气体,燃烧可燃气体并通过换热吸收生成热蒸汽进行蒸汽发电;在换热吸收的过程中产生的余热气体分别用于垃圾干燥、为热解气化和燃气燃烧供氧。本发明实现了废物资源的综合利用,发挥最大经济效益;换热吸收的过程中产生的余热气体用于干燥物料垃圾,实现热能的循环利用;物料垃圾对余热气体中的烟尘起到吸附作用,臭气通入到热解气化炉和燃气燃烧炉为其内部供氧的同时除去臭气,大大降低垃圾处理过程中造成的二次污染。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及生物质的处理技术领域,尤其涉及一种生物质制备RDF-5热解气化无烟气排放蒸汽发电工艺。
背景技术
随着我国经济的快速发展,我国的城市生活垃圾产量日益增加,垃圾的处理与处置已经成为我国大中城市必须解决的问题;目前我国城市垃圾年产量约到1. 5亿吨,并且逐年还在增长;如何实现城市生活垃圾无害化、减量化和资源化的“三化”处理已成为研究的焦点。对生活垃圾进行分选,选出可燃部分制成棒状或块状固态垃圾衍生燃料(RDF-5),将棒状或块状固态垃圾衍生燃料(RDF-5)进行热解气化获得可燃气体,将可燃气体通入到到燃气燃烧炉进行燃烧得高温烟气,再将高温烟气通入到余热锅炉产生热蒸汽,然后利用热蒸汽进行蒸汽发电的技术方案本领域技术人员已经进行了研究,并且取得了可嘉的技术成果。
以上将生活垃圾制成燃料棒固态垃圾衍生燃料(RDF-5)热解气化燃烧可燃气体换热后产生热蒸汽进行蒸汽发电的垃圾处理工艺在经过一段时间的实际运行后,发现仍旧存在一些有可能通过技术改进而得到解决的问题,例如:无法做到原生垃圾资源的优化配置;利用棒状或块状固态垃圾衍生燃料(RDF-5)热解气化而生成的可燃气体进行燃气发电过程中产生的余热气体若直接排放会造成二次污染,若单独处理需较高的处理成本,热能无法得到充分利用。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种垃圾资源优化配置、热能充分利用、极低二噁英排放的生物质制备热解气化无烟气排放蒸汽发电工艺。
本发明的上述目的是通过下列技术方案来实现的:
生物质制备RDF-5热解气化无烟气排放蒸汽发电工艺,包括以下几个步骤:
1)将生物质进行破袋处理;
2)对破袋后的生物质进行人工筛选;选出可回收塑料,清洗后再生造粒;选出石块、砖块等进行破碎,破碎后作为环保建材原料;选出玻璃,清洗后进行玻璃拉丝;
3)将步骤2)人工筛选后的剩余垃圾过除铁器除铁;
4)将除铁后的垃圾过孔径为6cm的1号机械筛;
5)将步骤4)中1号机械筛的筛下物过孔径为2cm的2号机械筛;
6)将步骤5)中2号机械筛的筛下物做堆肥处理,使之成为腐殖土;
7)将步骤4)中1号机械筛的筛上物进行粗破碎,使破碎后的物料颗粒的粒径一般(除少量没有破碎到的之外)在6cm以下;
8)将步骤7)粗破碎后的物料过孔径为4cm的3号机械筛;
9)将步骤8)中3号机械筛的筛上物进行细破碎,使破碎后的物料颗粒的粒径一般(除少量没有破碎到的之外)在4cm以下;
10)将步骤8)中3号机械筛的筛下物、步骤9)细破碎所得物料及步骤5)中2号机械筛的筛上物混合后进行液压脱水;
11)将完成液压脱水的物料送入生物干燥室进行生物干燥消毒;
12)将完成生物干燥消毒后的物料送入机械烘干滚筒中进行烘干,使烘干后的物料含水率小于40%;
13)将烘干后的物料送入制棒机,制成棒状或块状固态垃圾衍生燃料(RDF-5);
14)将棒状或块状固态垃圾衍生燃料(RDF-5)送入热解气化炉进行热解气化,得可燃气体;
15)将可燃气体通入到燃气燃烧炉进行燃烧,产生高温烟气;
16)将高温烟气通入到余热锅炉,经余热锅炉换热后产生热蒸汽并排出余热气体;
17)将热蒸汽通入到汽轮发电机进行蒸汽发电;
18)将蒸汽发电过程中汽轮发电机所产生的水通入到余热锅炉作为生成热蒸汽的水源;
19)将步骤16)中排出余热气体作为烘干热源气体通入到步骤12)的机械烘干滚筒中;
20)将机械烘干滚筒在烘干过程中产生的潮气进行冷凝;
21)将潮气冷凝后所得气体适量通入到步骤14)的热解气化炉中,为其内部的热解气化反应供氧;其中,“适量”是满足热解气化炉内部的热解气化反应供氧要求;如果尚不能满足热解气化炉内部的热解气化反应供氧要求,则全部通入;
22)若潮气冷凝后所得气体供步骤21)使用后仍有剩余,进入本步骤:将剩余的气体适量通入到步骤15)的燃气燃烧炉中,为其内部的燃烧供氧;
23)若潮气冷凝后所得气体供步骤21)和步骤22)使用后仍有剩余,进入本步骤:将剩余的气体通入到步骤11)的生物干燥室内,为生物干燥消毒增加热能。
本发明的有益效果是:
1、将生物质进行分类回收分别制成塑料制品、玻璃制品及建筑材料的原料,剩余有机垃圾制成棒状或块状固态垃圾衍生燃料(RDF-5),实现废物资源的综合利用,发挥最大经济效益;
2、将棒状或块状固态垃圾衍生燃料(RDF-5)热解气化,将热解气化所得可燃气体燃烧产生的高温烟气,利用换热装置(余热锅炉)吸收高温烟气中的热能并产生热蒸汽,利用热蒸汽进行蒸汽发电,将余热锅炉换热过程中产生的余热气体用于干燥物料垃圾,实现热能的循环利用,提高经济效益;
3、利用余热气体干燥物料垃圾,物料垃圾对余热气体中的烟尘起到吸附作用;一部分干燥所产生的臭气通入到热解气化炉和燃气燃烧炉中,为热解气化和可燃气体的燃烧供氧,含有少量水蒸气的气体通入到热解气化炉中可以加快热解气化炉内的氧化还原反应,产生更多的可燃气体;实现极低二噁英排放,大大降低垃圾处理过程中造成的二次污染。
附图说明
图1是本发明工艺流程图。
具体实施例
下面通过实施例来更加详细说明本发明的技术方案,但保护范围不限于此。
实施例:生物质制备RDF-5热解气化无烟气排放蒸汽发电工艺,如图1所示,是将打包好的原生物质(生活垃圾、园林废弃物、人畜粪便及动物尸体等均称为生物质)经过一系列的处理制成RDF-5棒状或块状燃料,将RDF-5棒状或块状燃料进行热解气化生成可燃气体,将可燃气体通入到燃气燃烧炉进行燃烧产生高温烟气,利用高温烟气通过换热吸收生成热蒸汽,将热蒸汽通入到汽轮发电机进行蒸汽发电。在换热吸收的过程中产生的余热气体分别用于垃圾干燥、为热解气化和燃气燃烧供氧中,从而达到热源综合利用、极低二噁英排放和增加经济效益的目的。具体包括以下几个步骤:
1)将生物质进行破袋处理(破除垃圾袋,使其中的垃圾散出便于进行下一步的处理工作);
2)对破袋后的生物质进行人工筛选;选出可回收塑料,清洗后再生造粒,作为塑料成型的原料;选出石块、砖块等进行破碎,破碎后作为环保建材原料;选出玻璃,清洗后进行玻璃拉丝成为玻璃制品的原料;
3)将步骤2)人工筛选后的剩余垃圾过除铁器除铁;
4)将除铁后的垃圾过孔径为6cm的1号机械筛;
5)将步骤4)中1号机械筛的筛下物过孔径为2cm的2号机械筛;
6)将步骤5)中2号机械筛的筛下物做堆肥处理,使之成为腐殖土;
7)将步骤4)中1号机械筛的筛上物进行粗破碎,使破碎后的物料颗粒的粒径一般(除少量没有破碎到的之外)在6cm以下;
8)将步骤7)粗破碎后的物料过孔径为4cm的3号机械筛;
9)将步骤8)中3号机械筛的筛上物进行细破碎,使破碎后的物料颗粒的粒径一般(除少量没有破碎到的之外)在4cm以下;
10)将步骤8)中3号机械筛的筛下物、步骤9)细破碎所得物料及步骤5)中2号机械筛的筛上物混合后进行液压脱水;
11)将完成液压脱水的物料送入生物干燥室(详见另一名为“一种生物干燥消毒室”的专利申请)进行生物干燥消毒;
12)将完成生物干燥消毒后的物料送入机械烘干滚筒中进行烘干,使烘干后的物料含水率小于40%;
其中,步骤10)中,液压脱水其压强大小为每40~60cm2承受400~600T压力,使物料含水率(水分与物料总体的重量百分比)小于50%;步骤11)中,生物干燥消毒后的物料含水率小于45%;这在另一名为“一种生物法垃圾干燥消毒工艺”的专利申请中有具体介绍;
13)将烘干后的物料送入制棒机,制成棒状或块状固态垃圾衍生燃料(RDF-5);
14)将棒状或块状固态垃圾衍生燃料(RDF-5)送入热解气化炉进行热解气化,得可燃气体;
15)将可燃气体通入到燃气燃烧炉进行燃烧,产生高温烟气;
16)将高温烟气通入到余热锅炉,经余热锅炉换热后产生热蒸汽并排出余热气体;
17)将热蒸汽通入到汽轮发电机进行蒸汽发电;
18)将蒸汽发电过程中汽轮发电机所产生的水通入到余热锅炉的进水口中作为生成热蒸汽的水源;
19)将步骤16)中排出余热气体作为烘干热源气体通入到步骤12)的机械烘干滚筒中;
20)将机械烘干滚筒在烘干过程中产生的潮气进行冷凝(冷凝后的温度一般小于50°,使气体的含水率降至20%~30%),使水蒸气冷凝为液态水从而来减少气体总量,除去水蒸气还可以在下一步的供氧过程中避免水蒸气产生降温作用;
21)将潮气冷凝后所得气体适量通入到步骤14)的热解气化炉中,为其内部的热解气化反应供氧且含有水蒸气的气体进入气化炉后水蒸气与碳发生氧化还原反应产生更多的可燃气体;其中,“适量”是以满足热解气化炉内部的热解气化反应供氧要求为量;如果尚不能满足热解气化炉内部的热解气化反应供氧要求,则全部通入;
22)若潮气冷凝后所得气体供步骤21)使用后仍有剩余,进入本步骤:将剩余的气体适量通入到步骤15)的燃气燃烧炉中,为其内部的燃烧供氧,含有少量水蒸气的气体通入到热解气化炉中可以加快热解气化炉内的氧化还原反应,产生更多的可燃气体;
23)若潮气冷凝后所得气体供步骤21)和步骤22)使用后仍有剩余,进入本步骤:将剩余的气体通入到步骤11)的生物干燥室内,为生物干燥消毒增加热能,加快发酵反应,减少发酵干燥的时间。
2015年1月—2015年5月期间,福建正仁环保有限公司利用本实施例中的技术方案与原技术方案进行了对比实验,结果发现:同等量的生物质,利用本实施例中的技术方案比利用原技术方案发电量提高35%以上,二恶英排放量大大降低,总体经济效益提高40%以上。
以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例而已,并不用于限制发明,尽管参照前述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明,对于本领域的技术人员来说,其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改,或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换。凡在发明的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (1)
1.生物质制备RDF-5热解气化无烟气排放蒸汽发电工艺,其特征在于,包括以下几个步骤:
1)将生物质进行破袋处理;
2)对破袋后的生物质进行人工筛选;选出可回收塑料,清洗后再生造粒;选出石块、砖块等进行破碎,破碎后作为环保建材原料;选出玻璃,清洗后进行玻璃拉丝;
3)将步骤2)人工筛选后的剩余垃圾过除铁器除铁;
4)将除铁后的垃圾过孔径为6cm的1号机械筛;
5)将步骤4)中1号机械筛的筛下物过孔径为2cm的2号机械筛;
6)将步骤5)中2号机械筛的筛下物做堆肥处理(形成腐殖土);
7)将步骤4)中1号机械筛的筛上物进行粗破碎,使破碎后的物料颗粒的粒径一般(除少量没有破碎到的之外)在6cm以下;
8)将步骤7)粗破碎后的物料过孔径为4cm的3号机械筛;
9)将步骤8)中3号机械筛的筛上物进行细破碎,使破碎后的物料颗粒的粒径一般(除少量没有破碎到的之外)在4cm以下;
10)将步骤8)中3号机械筛的筛下物、步骤9)细破碎所得物料及步骤5)中2号机械筛的筛上物混合后进行液压脱水;
11)将完成液压脱水的物料送入生物干燥室进行生物干燥消毒;
12)将完成生物干燥消毒后的物料送入机械烘干滚筒中进行烘干,使烘干后的物料含水率小于40%;
13)将烘干后的物料送入制棒机,制成棒状或块状固态垃圾衍生燃料(RDF-5);
14)将棒状或块状固态垃圾衍生燃料(RDF-5)送入热解气化炉进行热解气化,得可燃气体;
15)将可燃气体通入到燃气燃烧炉进行燃烧,产生高温烟气;
16)将高温烟气通入到余热锅炉,经余热锅炉换热后产生热蒸汽并排出余热气体;
17)将热蒸汽通入到汽轮发电机进行蒸汽发电;
18)将蒸汽发电过程中汽轮发电机所产生的水通入到余热锅炉作为生成热蒸汽的水源;
19)将步骤16)中排出余热气体作为烘干热源气体通入到步骤12)的机械烘干滚筒中;
20)将机械烘干滚筒在烘干过程中产生的潮气进行冷凝;
21)将潮气冷凝后所得气体适量通入到步骤14)的热解气化炉中,为其内部的热解气化反应供氧;
22)若潮气冷凝后所得气体供步骤21)使用后仍有剩余,进入本步骤:将剩余的气体适量通入到步骤15)的燃气燃烧炉中,为其内部的燃烧供氧;
23)若潮气冷凝后所得气体供步骤21)和步骤22)使用后仍有剩余,进入本步骤:将剩余的气体通入到步骤11)的生物干燥室内,为生物干燥消毒增加热能。
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