CN106069097A - 一种辣椒的育苗方法 - Google Patents

一种辣椒的育苗方法 Download PDF

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CN106069097A
CN106069097A CN201610492158.4A CN201610492158A CN106069097A CN 106069097 A CN106069097 A CN 106069097A CN 201610492158 A CN201610492158 A CN 201610492158A CN 106069097 A CN106069097 A CN 106069097A
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刘刚
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Guzhen County Anhui Province Yang Yang Organic Vegetables Professional Cooperatives
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种辣椒的育苗方法,具体包括以下步骤:(1)种子催芽;(2)营养钵准备;(3)播种管理;(4)移植栽培。本发明提供的一种辣椒的育苗方法,无需分苗,过程简单,发芽率为91~93%,抗逆性强,生长旺盛,育苗周期明显缩短为40~50天;经高温短时烘烤和低温冷冻,增强种子抗逆性,中温催芽液浸泡并置于无纺布上进行室内催芽,加快催芽液渗入种子内部,避免种子霉烂,增强种子的营养及细胞活性,提高种子发芽率,增强抗逆性,缩短发芽时间;营养基质加入活性炭,能够吸附种子催芽过程中产生的有害物质,抗菌消毒,提高种子成活率,疏松多孔,保水透气,营养均衡,控制肥料缓释,吸收利用率高,节约种植成本。

Description

一种辣椒的育苗方法
技术领域
本发明主要涉及果蔬种植领域,尤其涉及一种辣椒的育苗方法。
背景技术
辣椒,是一种大众化蔬菜,因果皮含有辣椒素而有辣味,辣椒含有丰富的膳食纤维和维生素,其中维生素C的含量在蔬菜中居第一位。辣椒能够增强胃肠功能,促进消化吸收,预防胆结石,改善心脏功能,降血糖,低血脂,减肥瘦身,增强免疫力,防感冒,抗辐射,促进血液循环,延缓衰老。
目前辣椒的育苗过程中,需要进行催芽、播种和分苗,过程复杂,发芽率低,移栽后成活率低,因此本申请提供一种辣椒的育苗方法,过程简单,发芽率和成活率高。
发明内容
为了弥补已有技术的缺陷,本发明的目的是提供一种辣椒的育苗方法。
一种辣椒的育苗方法,其具体步骤包括:
(1)种子催芽:将辣椒种子平铺于盘状容器内,厚度为0.5~0.7cm,置于56~58℃的烘箱中烘制200~250秒,除去杂物,选择饱满、完整的辣椒种子,于-6~-4℃的冰箱中放置6~8分钟,取出,置于38~40℃的质量浓度为0.4~0.6%的催芽液中浸泡4~5小时,沥干液体,将种子平铺在无纺布上,置于温度为22~24℃、湿度为83~85%的环境中,放置2~3天,每12小时翻拌一次,避免种子霉烂,提高细胞营养和细胞活力,缩短萌芽期,至辣椒种子的75~80%露白,得催芽种子,准备播种;
(2)营养钵准备:将营养基质经121℃灭菌30~35分钟,营养钵经质量分数为0.6~0.8%的高锰酸钾溶液浸泡10~15分钟,取出,再用干的生石灰将水分擦拭干净,在营养钵底部铺3~4层无纺布,装入营养基质,浇水至营养钵全部湿透又不滴水,保留充足的水肥,营养基质深度为营养钵深度的4/5,表层喷体积分数为73~75%的酒精溶液,得备种营养钵;
(3)播种管理:将3~4粒催芽种子均匀放于备种营养钵表层,再均匀盖上营养基质,厚度为0.8~1.0cm,将所有营养钵置于育苗室,出苗前,温度为29~31℃,确保营养基质表层保持湿润,出苗后,温度为26~28℃,空气湿度为93~95%,心叶展开后,温度为27~29℃,空气湿度为86~88%,移植前,温度为22~24℃,空气湿度为83~85%,严格控制生长环境,生长旺盛,但又抑制徒长,提高移植成活率,得辣椒苗;
(4)移植栽培:在营养基质表层洒水,湿润20~30分钟,将辣椒苗轻轻从营养钵内挖出,整田做畦,进行栽种。
所述步骤(1)的催芽液,由以下重量比的原料组成:脯氨酸:赖氨酸:苯丙氨酸:维生素A:维生素C:维生素E:芸苔素:复硝酚钠=21~23: 18~20: 16~18: 12~14: 19~21: 17~19: 0.2~0.4: 0.6~0.8。
所述步骤(1)的无纺布,厚度为0.4~0.6mm,并在催芽液中浸泡8~10分钟。
所述步骤(2)的营养基质,称取以下重量比的原料组成:鹿沼土:腐殖土:膨胀蛭石:珍珠岩:活性炭=26~28: 23~25: 15~17: 8~10: 4~6,混合均匀,得基质,称取以下重量比的营养原料:磷酸氢二铵:氯化钾:硫酸镁:硫酸铜:硫酸铁:硫酸锌:硒酸钠:硼砂=16~18:13~15: 11~13: 8~10: 7~9: 6~8: 7~9: 3~5,混合均匀,得营养素,将营养素按每立方米1.2~1.4kg加入基质中,混合均匀,得营养基质。
本发明的优点是:本发明提供的一种辣椒的育苗方法,无需分苗,过程简单,发芽率为91~93%,抗逆性强,生长旺盛,但又抑制徒长,育苗周期明显缩短为40~50天;经高温短时烘烤和低温冷冻,增强种子抗逆性,中温催芽液浸泡并置于无纺布上进行室内催芽,加快催芽液渗入种子内部,避免种子霉烂,增强种子的营养及细胞活性,提高种子发芽率,增强抗逆性,缩短发芽时间;营养基质加入活性炭,能够吸附种子催芽过程中产生的有害物质,抗菌消毒,提高种子成活率,疏松多孔,保水透气,营养均衡,控制肥料缓释,吸收利用率高,节约种植成本。
具体实施方式
下面用具体实施例说明本发明。
实施例1
一种辣椒的育苗方法,其具体步骤包括:
(1)种子催芽:将辣椒种子平铺于盘状容器内,厚度为0.5~0.7cm,置于56℃的烘箱中烘制200秒,除去杂物,选择饱满、完整的辣椒种子,于-6℃的冰箱中放置6分钟,取出,置于38℃的质量浓度为0.4%的催芽液中浸泡4小时,沥干液体,将种子平铺在无纺布上,置于温度为22℃、湿度为83%的环境中,放置2天,每12小时翻拌一次,避免种子霉烂,提高细胞营养和细胞活力,缩短萌芽期,至辣椒种子的75%露白,得催芽种子,准备播种;
(2)营养钵准备:将营养基质经121℃灭菌30分钟,营养钵经质量分数为0.6%的高锰酸钾溶液浸泡10分钟,取出,再用干的生石灰将水分擦拭干净,在营养钵底部铺3层无纺布,装入营养基质,浇水至营养钵全部湿透又不滴水,保留充足的水肥,营养基质深度为营养钵深度的4/5,表层喷体积分数为73%的酒精溶液,得备种营养钵;
(3)播种管理:将3粒催芽种子均匀放于备种营养钵表层,再均匀盖上营养基质,厚度为0.8~1.0cm,将所有营养钵置于育苗室,出苗前,温度为29℃,确保营养基质表层保持湿润,出苗后,温度为26℃,空气湿度为93%,心叶展开后,温度为27℃,空气湿度为86%,移植前,温度为22℃,空气湿度为83%,严格控制生长环境,生长旺盛,但又抑制徒长,提高移植成活率,得辣椒苗;
(4)移植栽培:在营养基质表层洒水,湿润20分钟,将辣椒苗轻轻从营养钵内挖出,整田做畦,进行栽种。
所述步骤(1)的催芽液,由以下重量比的原料组成:脯氨酸:赖氨酸:苯丙氨酸:维生素A:维生素C:维生素E:芸苔素:复硝酚钠=21:18:16:12:19:17:0.2:0.6。
所述步骤(1)的无纺布,厚度为0.4mm,并在催芽液中浸泡8分钟。
所述步骤(2)的营养基质,称取以下重量比的原料组成:鹿沼土:腐殖土:膨胀蛭石:珍珠岩:活性炭=26:23:15:8:4,混合均匀,得基质,称取以下重量比的营养原料:磷酸氢二铵:氯化钾:硫酸镁:硫酸铜:硫酸铁:硫酸锌:硒酸钠:硼砂=16:13:11:8:7:6:7:3,混合均匀,得营养素,将营养素按每立方米1.2kg加入基质中,混合均匀,得营养基质。
实施例2
一种辣椒的育苗方法,其具体步骤包括:
(1)种子催芽:将辣椒种子平铺于盘状容器内,厚度为0.5~0.7cm,置于57℃的烘箱中烘制230秒,除去杂物,选择饱满、完整的辣椒种子,于-5℃的冰箱中放置7分钟,取出,置于39℃的质量浓度为0.5%的催芽液中浸泡4.5小时,沥干液体,将种子平铺在无纺布上,置于温度为23℃、湿度为84%的环境中,放置3天,每12小时翻拌一次,避免种子霉烂,提高细胞营养和细胞活力,缩短萌芽期,至辣椒种子的80%露白,得催芽种子,准备播种;
(2)营养钵准备:将营养基质经121℃灭菌35分钟,营养钵经质量分数为0.7%的高锰酸钾溶液浸泡13分钟,取出,再用干的生石灰将水分擦拭干净,在营养钵底部铺4层无纺布,装入营养基质,浇水至营养钵全部湿透又不滴水,保留充足的水肥,营养基质深度为营养钵深度的4/5,表层喷体积分数为74%的酒精溶液,得备种营养钵;
(3)播种管理:将4粒催芽种子均匀放于备种营养钵表层,再均匀盖上营养基质,厚度为0.8~1.0cm,将所有营养钵置于育苗室,出苗前,温度为30℃,确保营养基质表层保持湿润,出苗后,温度为27℃,空气湿度为94%,心叶展开后,温度为28℃,空气湿度为87%,移植前,温度为23℃,空气湿度为84%,严格控制生长环境,生长旺盛,但又抑制徒长,提高移植成活率,得辣椒苗;
(4)移植栽培:在营养基质表层洒水,湿润25分钟,将辣椒苗轻轻从营养钵内挖出,整田做畦,进行栽种。
所述步骤(1)的催芽液,由以下重量比的原料组成:脯氨酸:赖氨酸:苯丙氨酸:维生素A:维生素C:维生素E:芸苔素:复硝酚钠=22:19:17:13:20:18:0.3:0.7。
所述步骤(1)的无纺布,厚度为0.5mm,并在催芽液中浸泡9分钟。
所述步骤(2)的营养基质,称取以下重量比的原料组成:鹿沼土:腐殖土:膨胀蛭石:珍珠岩:活性炭=27:24:16:9:5,混合均匀,得基质,称取以下重量比的营养原料:磷酸氢二铵:氯化钾:硫酸镁:硫酸铜:硫酸铁:硫酸锌:硒酸钠:硼砂=17:14:12:9:8:7:8:4,混合均匀,得营养素,将营养素按每立方米1.3kg加入基质中,混合均匀,得营养基质。
实施例3
一种辣椒的育苗方法,其具体步骤包括:
(1)种子催芽:将辣椒种子平铺于盘状容器内,厚度为0.5~0.7cm,置于58℃的烘箱中烘制250秒,除去杂物,选择饱满、完整的辣椒种子,于-4℃的冰箱中放置8分钟,取出,置于40℃的质量浓度为0.6%的催芽液中浸泡5小时,沥干液体,将种子平铺在无纺布上,置于温度为24℃、湿度为85%的环境中,放置3天,每12小时翻拌一次,避免种子霉烂,提高细胞营养和细胞活力,缩短萌芽期,至辣椒种子的80%露白,得催芽种子,准备播种;
(2)营养钵准备:将营养基质经121℃灭菌35分钟,营养钵经质量分数为0.8%的高锰酸钾溶液浸泡15分钟,取出,再用干的生石灰将水分擦拭干净,在营养钵底部铺4层无纺布,装入营养基质,浇水至营养钵全部湿透又不滴水,保留充足的水肥,营养基质深度为营养钵深度的4/5,表层喷体积分数为75%的酒精溶液,得备种营养钵;
(3)播种管理:将4粒催芽种子均匀放于备种营养钵表层,再均匀盖上营养基质,厚度为1.0cm,将所有营养钵置于育苗室,出苗前,温度为31℃,确保营养基质表层保持湿润,出苗后,温度为28℃,空气湿度为95%,心叶展开后,温度为29℃,空气湿度为88%,移植前,温度为24℃,空气湿度为85%,严格控制生长环境,生长旺盛,但又抑制徒长,提高移植成活率,得辣椒苗;
(4)移植栽培:在营养基质表层洒水,湿润30分钟,将辣椒苗轻轻从营养钵内挖出,整田做畦,进行栽种。
所述步骤(1)的催芽液,由以下重量比的原料组成:脯氨酸:赖氨酸:苯丙氨酸:维生素A:维生素C:维生素E:芸苔素:复硝酚钠=23:20:18:14:21:19:0.4:0.8。
所述步骤(1)的无纺布,厚度为0.6mm,并在催芽液中浸泡10分钟。
所述步骤(2)的营养基质,称取以下重量比的原料组成:鹿沼土:腐殖土:膨胀蛭石:珍珠岩:活性炭=28:25:17:10:6,混合均匀,得基质,称取以下重量比的营养原料:磷酸氢二铵:氯化钾:硫酸镁:硫酸铜:硫酸铁:硫酸锌:硒酸钠:硼砂=18:15:13:10:9:8:9:5,混合均匀,得营养素,将营养素按每立方米1.4kg加入基质中,混合均匀,得营养基质。
对比例
现有方法进行辣椒育苗。
实施例和对比例辣椒苗的生长状况:
分别按照实施例和对比例的方法,在相同地区,种植相同品种的辣椒,观察整个过程中辣椒苗的生长状况,并进行记录,实施例和对比例辣椒苗的生长状况见表1。
表1:实施例和对比例辣椒苗的生长状况
项目 实施例 对比例
发芽率/(%) 93 76
病虫率/(%) 3.3 12.8
育苗周期/(天) 40~50 60~70
节约种植成本/(%) 14.6
注:“—”表示无。
表1的结果表明,本发明提供的辣椒的育苗方法,发芽率高,病虫率低,育苗周期明显较对比例短,节约种植成本14.6%。

Claims (4)

1.一种辣椒的育苗方法,其特征在于,具体包括以下步骤:
(1)种子催芽:将辣椒种子平铺于盘状容器内,厚度为0.5~0.7cm,置于56~58℃的烘箱中烘制200~250秒,除去杂物,选择饱满、完整的辣椒种子,于-6~-4℃的冰箱中放置6~8分钟,取出,置于38~40℃的质量浓度为0.4~0.6%的催芽液中浸泡4~5小时,沥干液体,将种子平铺在无纺布上,置于温度为22~24℃、湿度为83~85%的环境中,放置2~3天,每12小时翻拌一次,至辣椒种子的75~80%露白,得催芽种子,准备播种;
(2)营养钵准备:将营养基质经121℃灭菌30~35分钟,营养钵经质量分数为0.6~0.8%的高锰酸钾溶液浸泡10~15分钟,取出,再用干的生石灰将水分擦拭干净,在营养钵底部铺3~4层无纺布,装入营养基质,浇水至营养钵全部湿透又不滴水,营养基质深度为营养钵深度的4/5,表层喷体积分数为73~75%的酒精溶液,得备种营养钵;
(3)播种管理:将3~4粒催芽种子均匀放于备种营养钵表层,再均匀盖上营养基质,厚度为0.8~1.0cm,将所有营养钵置于育苗室,出苗前,温度为29~31℃,确保营养基质表层保持湿润,出苗后,温度为26~28℃,空气湿度为93~95%,心叶展开后,温度为27~29℃,空气湿度为86~88%,移植前,温度为22~24℃,空气湿度为83~85%,得辣椒苗;
(4)移植栽培:在营养基质表层洒水,湿润20~30分钟,将辣椒苗轻轻从营养钵内挖出,整田做畦,进行栽种。
2.根据权利要求1所述辣椒的育苗方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(1)的催芽液,由以下重量比的原料组成:脯氨酸:赖氨酸:苯丙氨酸:维生素A:维生素C:维生素E:芸苔素:复硝酚钠=21~23: 18~20: 16~18: 12~14: 19~21: 17~19: 0.2~0.4: 0.6~0.8。
3.根据权利要求1所述辣椒的育苗方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(1)的无纺布,厚度为0.4~0.6mm,并在催芽液中浸泡8~10分钟。
4. 根据权利要求1所述辣椒的育苗方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(2)的营养基质,称取以下重量比的原料组成:鹿沼土:腐殖土:膨胀蛭石:珍珠岩:活性炭=26~28: 23~25: 15~17: 8~10: 4~6,混合均匀,得基质,称取以下重量比的营养原料:磷酸氢二铵:氯化钾:硫酸镁:硫酸铜:硫酸铁:硫酸锌:硒酸钠:硼砂=16~18: 13~15: 11~13: 8~10: 7~9: 6~8: 7~9:3~5,混合均匀,得营养素,将营养素按每立方米1.2~1.4kg加入基质中,混合均匀,得营养基质。
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