CN106067332B - A kind of high-performance copper-coated aluminium composite material special type forming and machining method - Google Patents
A kind of high-performance copper-coated aluminium composite material special type forming and machining method Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B5/00—Non-insulated conductors or conductive bodies characterised by their form
- H01B5/02—Single bars, rods, wires, or strips
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C37/00—Manufacture of metal sheets, bars, wire, tubes or like semi-manufactured products, not otherwise provided for; Manufacture of tubes of special shape
- B21C37/04—Manufacture of metal sheets, bars, wire, tubes or like semi-manufactured products, not otherwise provided for; Manufacture of tubes of special shape of bars or wire
- B21C37/042—Manufacture of coated wire or bars
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C37/00—Manufacture of metal sheets, bars, wire, tubes or like semi-manufactured products, not otherwise provided for; Manufacture of tubes of special shape
- B21C37/04—Manufacture of metal sheets, bars, wire, tubes or like semi-manufactured products, not otherwise provided for; Manufacture of tubes of special shape of bars or wire
- B21C37/045—Manufacture of wire or bars with particular section or properties
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/52—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for wires; for strips ; for rods of unlimited length
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/08—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of copper or alloys based thereon
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
- H01B1/02—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors mainly consisting of metals or alloys
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
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Abstract
The invention belongs to layered metal composite material to prepare and forming field, it is related to a kind of high-performance copper-coated aluminium composite material special type forming and machining method, this method uses rectangular cross section copper cover aluminum composite bar prepared by continuous casting direct combination forming technology as blank, and the production process interface of blank is pollution-free, bond strength is high.Using non-homogeneous quick sensing heating, the temperature of a little higher than core metal of temperature of blank clad metal can be made, so that the resistance of deformation of clad metal and core metal is more nearly, be advantageous to improve the compatibility of deformation of two kinds of metals.Shaped with heating warm-rolling is carried out to blank, the deformability of copper and aluminium can be improved, be advantageous to carry out continuous large deformation, improve the efficiency of the flat row's production of big cross section.Using extraordinary groove rolling, the processing to copper cover aluminum composite blank side is increased, is advantageous to improve compatibility of deformation, improves the interfacial combined function of product lumber recovery and product.Production method provided by the present invention is without environmental pressure, energy-conserving and environment-protective.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to layered metal composite material to prepare with forming field, disconnected greatly more particularly, to a kind of high-performance
The special rolling forming and machining method of face copper-clad aluminum composite flat row.
Background technology
High performance double metal laminar composite is in the field such as electric, oil, Aero-Space extensive application.For example,
The copper-clad aluminum composite flat of rectangle big cross section is arranged due to combining the low close of the good electric conductivity of fine copper, switching performance and fine aluminium
Degree, it is inexpensive the advantages that, can high current transmission field for example bus mains system, electrical power trans mission/distribution system, low-voltage complete switch equipment,
The industries such as control device replace fine copper busbar.
Disclose report copper-clad aluminum composite flat row preparation processing method mainly have it is following several:
First method with aluminium bar outside dimension using aluminium bar and being engaged copper pipe, through drawing or Rolling compund, finally
The single copper clad aluminum wire of appearance and size needed for being drawn into(See:Wu Yun loyalty method for producing copper clad aluminum busbars Chinese invention patents,
200710011265 .1).This method there are problems that being:First, because aluminium bar and copper pipe must use gap to coordinate ability
It is assembled together, and gap is difficult to be completely eliminated in processing afterwards, so it is difficult to avoiding producing gap in use
Electric discharge corrosion, properties of product are difficult to ensure that;Second, due to being difficult to ensure that to the glacing flatness of copper pipe and aluminum pipe, to produce longer
Cuprum-cladding-aluminium bus array is relatively difficult;Third, due to needing to carry out complicated cleaning before compound to copper pipe inner surface and aluminium core surface
Process, and continuous production difficult to realize, so low production efficiency, production cost is high(See:Hu Jie, cuprum-cladding-aluminium composite wire hydrostatic
Extrusion-processing technology is studied, New Technologies, and 2001,9:27-28).
Second method is hydrostatic extrusion method.Hydrostatic extrusion method can be used for producing square, rectangle, tubular and cross sectional shape
Increasingly complex copper-coated aluminium composite material(See:Thank and build new etc., material New Machining Technology and new technology, metallurgical industry publishing house,
2004,263-268;Hu Jie, cuprum-cladding-aluminium composite wire hydrostatic extrusion Research on processing technology, New Technologies, 2001,9:27-
28).The advantages of hydrostatic extrusion method, is:Resisting medium in recipient is significantly reduced between blank and recipient and mould
Frictional force, substantially improve the uniformity of metal flow.The major defect of hydrostatic extrusion method is:(1)Shape noncircular cross section
Bimetallic coating material when need to by tubing that clad metal and the preprocessing of core metal are size and mould precise match and
A series of bar, and surface treatments are carried out to both, with ensure it is compound before " cleaning " interface, technological process is longer(See:Recklessly
Prompt cuprum-cladding-aluminium composite wires hydrostatic extrusion Research on processing technology, New Technologies, 2001,9:27-28);(2)Hydrostatic extrusion
The equipment of technique is complicated, equipment investment is big;(3)The length of unproductive off time of hydrostatic extrusion method, low production efficiency.
The third method first uses horizontal casting direct combination forming process(See:Thank and build a kind of coating material levels of the such as new even
Cast direct combination former and technique Chinese patents:ZL200610112817.3.)Etc. the copper that technique prepares circular cross section
Alclad composite, the copper-clad aluminum laminated busbar of rectangular cross section is then prepared by techniques such as rolling, drawings again(See:Xie Jianxin
Deng a kind of high-performance cooper-coated aluminum rectangle section compound conductive bus rows of and its preparation technology Chinese patents:
ZL200810057668.4).This method prepares circular cross section copper cover aluminum blank using horizontal casting direct combination forming process, can
The problem of avoiding blank preform and surface treatment, improves production efficiency, shortens technological process, and the compound category of continuous casting
Compound in solid-liquid, two kinds of metals of copper and aluminium can form the interface of metallurgical binding in interface, and interface bond strength is high(See Wu Yong
Good fortune etc., continuous casting direct forming rectangular cross section copper-coated aluminium composite material interface and the change in the operation of rolling, China YouSe metal
Journal, 2013,23 (1): 191-200), for high-performance copper-clad aluminum composite flat row production provide brand-new approach.But due to
The machining deformation capacity variance of copper and aluminium is larger, circular cross section blank be processed into flat section it is flat during easily due to become
Shape uncoordinated and the defects of produce edge crack, Interface Cracking, reduce the lumber recovery of product;Especially as the flat row of copper cover aluminum
Cross dimensions bring three subject matters when becoming big, one is due to that flat row's cross dimensions becomes big, it is necessary to the copper cover aluminum base used
The size of material also becomes big, and machining deformation amount when being processed into flat row from copper cover aluminum blank is bigger, existing to be added completely using cold rolling
The method of work, it is difficult to meet the requirement that deflection is significantly increased;Two be due to two kinds of copper, aluminium metals plastic deformation ability at room temperature
Copper-coated aluminium composite material deformation problem present in roll form process caused by power difference(Two kinds of metal flows
Gaps between their growth rates it is larger the problem of)It is more prominent, so that the problems such as edge crack in Copper strip process
It is more serious;Third, the existing technique only with flat rolling, side is in free deformation during rolling deformation,
Easily cause deformation, form higher side and add tension, the defects of causing edge cracks, it is difficult to carry out large deformation
Amount rolling processing.Therefore, copper, the deformability of aluminium and compatibility of deformation in big cross section copper cover aluminum bar stock roll forming how to be improved
Property, solve big cross section copper cover aluminum blank and shape problem, turn into the lumber recovery for improving the flat row's production of high-performance copper alclad,
Reduce the key of product integrated cost.
The content of the invention
Deficiency and problem of the present invention for existing copper-clad aluminum composite flat row's production technology, there is provided one kind is direct using continuous casting
The high quality rectangular cross section copper cover aluminum composite bar of combined forming process preparation is rolling blank, is added using non-homogeneous quick sensing
Hot mode preheats to blank, is then processed using the groove rolling of multi-pass special type, is produced finally by drawing setting big
The method of the flat row of section high-performance copper alclad, the present invention is by using rectangular cross section copper cover aluminum continuous casting material, with being broken using circular
Dough material is compared, and more meets shape principle of similarity when being processed into flat scheduling product, is advantageous to the harmony of deformation;By to base
Warm-rolling is processed after material is preheated, and compared with cold rolling, can improve the plastic deformation ability of copper and aluminium, is advantageous to carry out large deformation
Amount processing;Utilize the kelvin effect of high-frequency induction heating(I.e. close to the heated temperature in the part of blank surface compared with core
It is high), quick high-frequency induction heating is carried out to copper cover aluminum blank, a little higher than core aluminium of temperature of the cladding layers of copper of blank can be made
Temperature, so that the resistance of deformation of clad metal and core metal are more nearly, be advantageous to improve inside and outside copper cover aluminum blank
The compatibility of deformation of layer metal;Plain-barreled roll is substituted using groove rolling, and by special hole type design, when increasing to roll forming
The processing of copper cover aluminum blank side portion, the compatibility of deformation of blank different parts when being advantageous to improve rolling deformation, eliminates side
Additional tension, solve side and split problem.By above-mentioned measure, the deformability and compatibility of deformation for making copper-coated aluminium composite material show
Write increase, product lumber recovery significantly improves, production cost reduction.
In order to reach object above, the technical scheme is that:A kind of extraordinary shaping of high-performance copper-coated aluminium composite material
Processing method, specifically include following steps:
Step 1:The copper cover aluminum composite bar for selecting the shaping of continuous casting direct combination to prepare is blank, the copper cover aluminum compound bar
The section configuration of material is rectangle, and cladding ratio is 20%~35%;
Step 2:The rectangular cross section copper cover aluminum composite bar chosen through step 1 is placed in one and turns to rectangular cross section
Load coil entrance one end, quick response infrared radiation thermometer is set in the exit end of induction coil, to measure bar stock
The spacing on surface temperature, the inwall of the coil and the surface of compound bar billet is 10~40mm;Start induction heating apparatus, one
Under fixed heating frequency, driving Copper strip with certain speed through load coil by the blank heating extremely
Certain temperature, it is standby;
Step 3:Copper strip after being heated to is rapidly feeding in the milling train with special concave roll
Row multi- pass rolling shapes, that is, obtains copper-clad aluminum composite flat row;In order to increase the processing to Copper strip side, improve
Compatibility of deformation, the side gradient of the pass take the higher limit or bigger than higher limit 1 °~2 ° of conventional pass;
Step 4:To after step 3 is rolled copper-clad aluminum composite flat discharge into capable annealing, annealing temperature at 300 ~ 380 DEG C, annealing
Time is in 0.5~2.0h;
Step 5:Row drawing setting is discharged into the copper-clad aluminum composite flat after step 4 annealing, to control most cutting off for product
Face size and surface quality(Width tolerance≤± 1.2mm, thickness tolerance≤± 0.2mm, surface roughness value≤
1.6μm), that is, obtain copper-clad aluminum composite flat and line up product, the copper-clad aluminum composite flat row is hard state.
Further, this method also includes step 6:The copper-clad aluminum composite flat being prepared through step 5 is lined up into product, annealing temperature
Spend for 200~400 DEG C, annealing time is 0.5~2.0h, that is, the copper-clad aluminum composite flat for obtaining soft state lines up product.
Further, the frequency of induction heating apparatus described in the step 2 is 10000~20000Hz;The copper cover aluminum is answered
The movement velocity for closing bar stock is 100~500mm/min;The Copper strip be heated after surface temperature for 150~
400℃。
Further, every time reduction ratio of the operation of rolling described in the step 3 is controlled between 15%~40%, under stagnation pressure
Rate is controlled between 60%~90%, and rolling wire velocity control is between 5~30m/min.
Further, the wide face drafts described in the step 5 during drawing is in 0.1~0.2mm, and leptoprosopy drafts is 0.5
~1.0mm.
Copper-clad aluminum composite flat row production technology provided by the invention has advantages below:
(1)Rectangular cross section copper cover aluminum composite bar prepared by continuous casting direct combination forming technology is used as blank, blank
Production process interface is pollution-free, bond strength is high, it is ensured that the copper-clad aluminum composite flat row of final production ties with excellent interface
Close performance and electric conductivity.
(2)Using non-homogeneous quick sensing heating, a little higher than core metal of temperature of blank clad metal can be made
Temperature, so that the resistance of deformation of clad metal and core metal is more nearly, be advantageous to improve the deformation association of two kinds of metals
Tonality.
(3)Using heating warm-rolling shaping is carried out to blank, the deformability of copper and aluminium can be improved, is advantageous to carry out continuously
Large deformation, improve the efficiency of the flat row's production of big cross section.
(4)Using extraordinary groove rolling, the processing to copper cover aluminum composite blank side can be increased, is advantageous to improve deformation
Harmony, improve the interfacial combined function of product lumber recovery and product.
(5)Production method provided by the present invention is without environmental pressure, energy-conserving and environment-protective.
Specific implementation method
Technical scheme is described further with reference to specific embodiment.
Embodiment 1:Cross section width is 80mm, thickness 10mm, wholecircle side, hard state copper-clad aluminum composite flat row special rolling
Shaping and drawing method for processing.
(1)The square that the cross dimensions for selecting continuous casting direct combination forming technology to prepare is 80mm × 80mm, cladding ratio is 35%
Shape section copper cover aluminum composite bar is rolling blank;
(2)Rectangular cross section copper cover aluminum composite bar is placed in the load coil for turning to a rectangular cross section entrance one
The spacing on the surface of end, the inwall of the coil and adjacent compound bar billet is 10mm, loop length 150mm;Start feeling should add
Thermal, the frequency of sensing heating is 10000Hz;Copper strip is driven to add with 300mm/min speed through sensing
Heat coil, quick response infrared radiation thermometer is set in the exit end of induction coil, measures the surface temperature of bar stock;Copper cover aluminum is answered
It is 150 DEG C to close the surface temperature after bar stock is heated;
(3)The Copper strip for being heated to 150 DEG C is rapidly feeding in the milling train with special concave roll
Row multi- pass rolling shapes;The side gradient of pass takes bigger than the higher limit of conventional pass 1 °;The percentage pass reduction of the operation of rolling
Control is 25%, and total reduction control is 80%, and rolling wire velocity control is in 10m/min;
(4)Capable annealing is discharged into rolling rear copper-clad aluminum composite flat, annealing temperature is at 300 DEG C, and annealing time is in 0.5h;
(5)Row drawing setting is discharged into the copper-clad aluminum composite flat after annealing, to control the finished section size of product and table
Face quality.Wide face drafts during drawing is in 0.1mm, and leptoprosopy drafts is in 0.5mm.
Embodiment 2:Cross section width is 120mm, thickness 10mm, fillet, annealed state copper-clad aluminum composite flat row's special type are rolled
Shape and drawing method for processing is made.
(1)The cross dimensions for selecting continuous casting direct combination forming technology to prepare is 120mm × 80mm, cladding ratio is 20%
Rectangular cross section copper cover aluminum composite bar is rolling blank;
(2)Rectangular cross section copper cover aluminum composite bar is placed in the load coil for turning to a rectangular cross section entrance one
The spacing on the surface of end, the inwall of the coil and adjacent compound bar billet is 40mm, loop length 300mm;Start feeling should add
Thermal, the frequency of sensing heating is 20000Hz;Copper strip is driven to add with 200mm/min speed through sensing
Heat coil, quick response infrared radiation thermometer is set in the exit end of induction coil, measures the surface temperature of bar stock;Copper cover aluminum is answered
It is 400 DEG C to close the surface temperature after bar stock is heated;
(3)The Copper strip for being heated to 400 DEG C is rapidly feeding in the milling train with special concave roll
Row multi- pass rolling shapes;The side gradient of pass takes bigger than the higher limit of conventional pass 2 °;The percentage pass reduction of the operation of rolling
Control is 30% or so, and total reduction control is 85%, and rolling wire velocity control is in 5m/min;
(4)Capable annealing is discharged into rolling rear copper-clad aluminum composite flat, annealing temperature is at 380 DEG C, and annealing time is in 2h;
(5)Row drawing setting is discharged into the copper-clad aluminum composite flat after annealing, to control the finished section size of product and table
Face quality.Wide face drafts during drawing is in 0.2mm, and leptoprosopy drafts is in 1.0mm;
(6)The processing of row finished products is discharged into copper-clad aluminum composite flat after drawing.Annealing temperature is 400 DEG C, and annealing time is
0.5h。
Embodiment 3:Cross section width is 120mm, thickness 10mm, fillet, annealed state copper-clad aluminum composite flat row's special type are rolled
Shape and drawing method for processing is made.
(1)The cross dimensions for selecting continuous casting direct combination forming technology to prepare is 120mm × 80mm, cladding ratio is 20%
Rectangular cross section copper cover aluminum composite bar is rolling blank;
(2)Rectangular cross section copper cover aluminum composite bar is placed in the load coil for turning to a rectangular cross section entrance one
The spacing on the surface of end, the inwall of the coil and adjacent compound bar billet is 25mm, loop length 300mm;Start feeling should add
Thermal, the frequency of sensing heating is 15000Hz;Copper strip is driven to add with 500mm/min speed through sensing
Heat coil, quick response infrared radiation thermometer is set in the exit end of induction coil, measures the surface temperature of bar stock;Copper cover aluminum is answered
It is 300 DEG C to close the surface temperature after bar stock is heated;
(3)The Copper strip for being heated to 300 DEG C is rapidly feeding in the milling train with special concave roll
Row multi- pass rolling shapes;The side gradient of pass takes bigger than the higher limit of conventional pass 1.5 °;The passage pressure of the operation of rolling
Rate control is 40%, and total reduction control is 90%, and rolling wire velocity control is in 30m/min;
(4)Capable annealing is discharged into rolling rear copper-clad aluminum composite flat, annealing temperature is at 320 DEG C, and annealing time is in 1.5h;
(5)Row drawing setting is discharged into the copper-clad aluminum composite flat after annealing, to control the finished section size of product and table
Face quality.Wide face drafts during drawing is in 0.15mm, and leptoprosopy drafts is in 0.75mm;
(6)The processing of row finished products is discharged into copper-clad aluminum composite flat after drawing.Annealing temperature is 300 DEG C, and annealing time is
1.5h。
Claims (4)
1. a kind of high-performance copper-coated aluminium composite material special type forming and machining method, it is characterised in that specifically include following steps:
Step 1:The copper cover aluminum composite bar for selecting the shaping of continuous casting direct combination to prepare is blank, the copper cover aluminum composite bar
Section configuration is rectangle, and cladding ratio is 20%~35%;
Step 2:The rectangular cross section copper cover aluminum composite bar chosen through step 1 is placed in a sensing for turning to rectangular cross section
Heating coil entrance one end, quick response infrared radiation thermometer is set in the exit end of induction coil, to measure the surface of bar stock
The spacing on temperature, the inwall of the coil and the surface of compound bar billet is 10~40mm;Start induction heating apparatus, certain
Under heating frequency, driving Copper strip with certain speed through load coil by the blank heating to certain
Temperature, it is standby;Wherein, the frequency of the induction heating apparatus is 10000~20000Hz;The fortune of the Copper strip
Dynamic speed is 100~500mm/min;Surface temperature after the Copper strip is heated is 150~400 DEG C;
Step 3:Copper strip after being heated to is rapidly feeding in the milling train with concave roll and carries out multi-pass
Roll forming, that is, obtain copper-clad aluminum composite flat row;In order to increase the processing to Copper strip side, compatibility of deformation is improved
Property, the side gradient of the pass takes the higher limit or bigger than higher limit 1 °~2 ° of conventional pass;
Step 4:To after step 3 is rolled copper-clad aluminum composite flat discharge into capable annealing, annealing temperature is at 300 ~ 380 DEG C, annealing time
In 0.5 ~ 2.0h;
Step 5:Row drawing setting is discharged into the copper-clad aluminum composite flat after step 4 annealing, to control the finished section chi of product
Very little and surface quality, width difference≤± 1.2mm, thickness deviation≤± 0.2mm, surface roughness value≤1.6 μm, that is, obtain copper
Alclad composite flat lines up product, and it is hard state that the copper-clad aluminum composite flat, which lines up product,.
2. according to the method for claim 1, it is characterised in that this method also includes step 6:It will be prepared through step 5
Copper-clad aluminum composite flat line up product, annealing temperature is 200 ~ 400 DEG C, and annealing time is 0.5 ~ 2.0h, that is, obtains the copper-clad of soft state
Aluminium composite flat lines up product.
3. method according to claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that every time pressure of the operation of rolling described in the step 3
Between 15% ~ 40%, total reduction controls between 60% ~ 90% the control of lower rate, rolling wire velocity control 5 ~ 30m/min it
Between.
4. method according to claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that the wide face drafts described in the step 5 during drawing
In 0.1 ~ 0.2mm, leptoprosopy drafts is in 0.5 ~ 1.0mm.
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