CN106066277B - A kind of rock tensile shear testing device and method that can be used on pressure-shear test machine - Google Patents
A kind of rock tensile shear testing device and method that can be used on pressure-shear test machine Download PDFInfo
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- CN106066277B CN106066277B CN201610349163.XA CN201610349163A CN106066277B CN 106066277 B CN106066277 B CN 106066277B CN 201610349163 A CN201610349163 A CN 201610349163A CN 106066277 B CN106066277 B CN 106066277B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/24—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady shearing forces
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0014—Type of force applied
- G01N2203/0016—Tensile or compressive
- G01N2203/0017—Tensile
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0014—Type of force applied
- G01N2203/0025—Shearing
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Abstract
The present invention be directed to the scarcities and deficiency of existing rock tensile shear testing equipment, a kind of rock tensile shear testing device and method that can be used on pressure-shear test machine is provided, device includes Contraband shape tensioning member I, Contraband shape tensioning member II, L shape slide guide part I, L shape slide guide part II, testing machine loading head I, testing machine loading head II, testing machine loading head III and testing machine loading head IV.Contraband shape tensioning member I, Contraband shape tensioning member II surround region S.Rock sample is placed in space S.Apply scheduled normal force to rock sample by testing machine loading head I.Apply shearing force to rock sample by testing machine loading head II.Load progress is paid close attention to, once rock sample destroys, normal direction loading system is first closed immediately, turns off shearing loading system, complete test.The present invention draws the mechanical characteristic cut under combined load to provide convenience, cheap, the guaranteed research technique of accuracy to obtain rock.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the drawings of the materials such as rock to cut combination mechanical test.
Background technique
It is failure mode common in rock mass engineering project that rock drawing, which is broken bad,.Such as deep cavern excavation is answered with making abutment wall normal direction
Power off-load and tangential crustal stress is concentrated, when off-load strongly when may occur to draw break it is bad.For another example the excavation of rock side slope unloads
Lotus can lead to top slopes and generate Tension Stress Zone, which is typically in i.e. tension and combined stress shape is cut in the drawing cut
State.For another example the landslide under a large amount of Gravitative Loads and Earthquake-landslide show that slopes rear tends to occur the destruction based on stretching.Cause
This, study of rocks drawing cuts mechanical characteristic and is of great significance to rock mass engineering project design and construction and estimation of stability with control.
As the important means for obtaining Rock Shear Strength Parameter, rock compression-shear test (including indoor and in-situ test) is
It is widely used in geotechnical engineering.But due to technical difficulty, the development of rock tensile shear testing is less, and grinding for mechanical characteristic is cut in drawing
Study carefully also few compared with compression shear mechanical characteristic more.Common practice is mole coulomb criterion of strength fitting a straight line for obtaining compression-shear test
The negative semiaxis of normal stress axis is extended to, as criterion of strength of the rock under tension-shear tests, and this processing is a lack of test number
According to support.
To obtain the rock direct shearing mechanical property under the conditions of normal direction tensile stress, means few in number at present are as follows: 1)
The a whole set of special SERVO CONTROL rock tensile shear testing system of manufacture；2) manufacture is using pedestal-reaction frame as primary structure, hydraulic jack
Top is that system is cut in the rock drawing of loading method.But the first testing equipment cost is sufficiently expensive, although second of cost is moderate,
Due to the deficiency (such as hydraulic jack keeps the ineffective of steady load) of control system, test accuracy not can guarantee.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is being directed to the scarcity and deficiency of existing rock tensile shear testing equipment, providing one kind can try in compression shear
Test the rock tensile shear testing device used on machine, for obtain rock draw the mechanical characteristic for cutting under combined load provide conveniently, it is cheap,
The guaranteed research technique of accuracy.
To realize the present invention purpose and the technical solution adopted is that a kind of such, rock that can be used on pressure-shear test machine
Stone tensile shear testing device, including the load of Contraband shape tensioning member I, Contraband shape tensioning member II, L shape slide guide part I, L shape slide guide part II, testing machine
First I, testing machine loading head II, testing machine loading head III and testing machine loading head IV.
The Contraband shape tensioning member I is made of top plate I, column I and bottom plate I, and three surrounds semi-surrounding space I.
There are the top plate I several to run through the tapped through hole I of its upper and lower surface.
The square through hole I through its two sides is provided on the column I.The one outlet of the square through hole I is in semi-surrounding
In space I.
Two sides of the bottom plate I are respectively provided with sliding rail I-I and sliding rail I-II.
The Contraband shape tensioning member II is made of top plate II, column II and bottom plate II, and three surrounds semi-surrounding space II.
The square through hole II through its two sides is provided on the column II.The one outlet of the square through hole II is in Ban Bao
In confining space II.Two sides of the column II are respectively provided with sliding rail II-I and sliding rail II-II.
The L shape slide guide part I is made of horizontal branch I and perpendicular branch I.The side of the horizontal branch I has horizontal concrete chute I, described perpendicular
The side of branch I has the vertical chute I.
The L shape slide guide part II is made of horizontal branch II and perpendicular branch II.The side of the horizontal branch II has horizontal concrete chute II, institute
The side for stating perpendicular branch II has the vertical chute II.
The Contraband shape tensioning member I, Contraband shape tensioning member II, L shape slide guide part I and L shape slide guide part II constitute sub-assembly.Described group
In component, top plate I is located at the lower section of top plate II, and bottom plate I is located at the lower section of bottom plate II.The semi-surrounding space I and semi-surrounding are empty
Between II be combined into space
The sliding rail I-I is matched with horizontal concrete chute I.The sliding rail II-I is matched with the vertical chute I.
The sliding rail I-II is matched with horizontal concrete chute II.The sliding rail II-II is matched with the vertical chute II.
Rock sample is the regular hexahedron being placed in space.The upper and lower surface of this regular hexahedron pastes connection respectively
Plate I and connecting plate II.
The following table face contact of the upper surface of the connecting plate I and the top plate I.By several bolts, so that connecting plate I
It links together with top plate I.
The lower surface of the connecting plate II is contacted with the upper surface of the bottom plate II.By several bolts, so that connection
Plate II links together with top plate II.
The sub-assembly it is upper, right, under, a left side is respectively arranged testing machine loading head I, testing machine loading head II, testing machine and adds
Carrier head III and testing machine loading head IV.
The lower end of the testing machine loading head I acts on top plate II.Shelve bottom plate in the upper end of the testing machine loading head III
Ⅰ。
Cutting head I is penetrated in the square through hole I, penetrates cutting head II in the square through hole II.The cutting head I
One end is contacted with rock sample, the other end is withstood by testing machine loading head IV.One end of the cutting head II connects with rock sample
Touching, the other end are withstood by testing machine loading head II.
Further, I upper surface of bottom plate has cushion.
Further, there is ball row I between the testing machine loading head I and top plate II.The testing machine loading head III with
There is ball row III between bottom plate I and bottom plate II.
There is ball row IV between the cutting head I and testing machine loading head IV.The cutting head II is loaded with testing machine
There is ball row II between first II.
The rock tensile shear testing method that can be used on pressure-shear test machine based on above-mentioned apparatus that invention additionally discloses a kind of,
When test:
1) rock sample is placed in space S.
2) scheduled normal tension is applied to rock sample by testing machine loading head I.
3) shearing force is applied to rock sample by testing machine loading head II.
4) load progress is paid close attention to, once rock sample destroys, normal direction loading system is first closed immediately, turns off shearing
To loading system, test is completed.
It is small and exquisite, reliable performance that the beneficial effects of the present invention are: simple structures of the invention, cheap.Tensioning member
Design can make external normal pressure be converted into acting on the normal tension of test specimen.The design of slide guide part can make test specimen along normal direction and cut
Tangential Free Transform.The design of connecting plate keeps test specimen installation and removal convenient.Apparatus of the present invention can be placed in traditional compression-shear test
The direct shear test that can carry out under different normal tensions on machine is a whole set of special without spending a large amount of financial resources and time manufacture to be equipped with
Rock tensile shear testing system, and original test specimen machine Loading Control System is utilized and data monitoring system, test result are accurate
It spends guaranteed.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the perspective view of two Contraband shape tensioning members；
Fig. 2 is the cooperation schematic diagram of two Contraband shape tensioning members；
Fig. 3 is the perspective view of two L shape slide guide parts；
The structure chart of Fig. 4 rock tensile shear testing device of the present invention；
Fig. 5 is the perspective view of cutting head；
Fig. 6 is the perspective view of connecting plate；
Fig. 7 is that tensile shear testing loads schematic diagram.
In figure: Contraband shape tensioning member I (1)；Top plate I (101), column I (102), bottom plate I (103), tapped through hole I (1011),
Square through hole I (1023), sliding rail I-I (1031), sliding rail I-II (1032), semi-surrounding space I (S1)；
Contraband shape tensioning member II (2)；Top plate II (201), column II (202), bottom plate II (203), tapped through hole II (2031),
Square through hole II (2023), sliding rail II-I (2021), sliding rail II-II (2022), semi-surrounding space II (S2)；
L shape slide guide part I (3), horizontal branch I (301), perpendicular branch I (302), horizontal concrete chute I (3011), the vertical chute I (3021)；
L shape slide guide part II (4), horizontal branch II (401), perpendicular branch II (402), horizontal concrete chute II (4011), the vertical chute II
(4021)；
Cutting head I (5), cutting head II (50)；
Connecting plate I (6), connecting plate II (60)；
Bolt (7), rock sample (8)；
Testing machine loading head I (91), testing machine loading head II (92), testing machine loading head III (93), testing machine loading head
Ⅳ(94)；
Ball arranges I (1001), ball arranges II (1002), ball arranges III (1003), ball arranges IV (1004)；
Cushion (11).
Specific embodiment
Below with reference to embodiment, the invention will be further described, but should not be construed the above-mentioned subject area of the present invention only
It is limited to following embodiments.Without departing from the idea case in the present invention described above, according to ordinary skill knowledge and used
With means, various replacements and change are made, should all include within the scope of the present invention.
Embodiment 1:
A kind of rock tensile shear testing device that can be used on pressure-shear test machine, referring to Fig. 7, including Contraband shape tensioning member I 1,
Contraband shape tensioning member II 2, L shape slide guide part I 3, L shape slide guide part II 4, testing machine loading head I 91, testing machine loading head II 92, test
Machine loading head III 93 and testing machine loading head IV 94.
Referring to Fig. 1, the Contraband shape tensioning member I 1 is made of top plate I 101, column I 102 and bottom plate I 103, and three surrounds half
Surround I S1 of space.The top plate I 101 is shorter than bottom plate I 103.
There are the top plate I 101 several to run through the tapped through hole I 1011 of its upper and lower surface.
The square through hole I 1023 through its two sides is provided on the column I 102.One of the square through hole I 1023 goes out
Mouth is in I S1 of semi-surrounding space.
Two sides of the bottom plate I 103 are respectively provided with sliding rail I-I 1031 and sliding rail I-II 1032.
The Contraband shape tensioning member II 2 is made of top plate II 201, column II 202 and bottom plate II 203, and three surrounds semi-surrounding
II S2 of space.The top plate II 201 is longer than bottom plate II 203.
The square through hole II 2031 through its two sides is provided on the column II 202.The one of the square through hole II 2031
A outlet is in II S2 of semi-surrounding space.Two sides of the column II 202 are respectively provided with sliding rail II-I 2021 and sliding rail II-
Ⅱ2022。
The L shape slide guide part I 3 is made of horizontal branch I 301 and perpendicular branch I 302.The side of the horizontal branch I 301 has laterally sliding
Slot I 3011, the perpendicular branch I 302 side have the vertical chute I 3021.
The L shape slide guide part II 4 is made of horizontal branch II 401 and perpendicular branch II 402.The side of the horizontal branch II 401 has cross
There is the vertical chute II 4021 to the side of sliding slot II 4011, the perpendicular branch II 402.
The Contraband shape tensioning member I 1, Contraband shape tensioning member II 2, L shape slide guide part I 3 and L shape slide guide part II 4 constitute sub-assembly.Institute
It states in sub-assembly, top plate I 101 is located at the lower section of top plate II 201, and bottom plate I 103 is located at the lower section of bottom plate II 203.The semi-surrounding
I S1 of space and II S2 of semi-surrounding space are combined into space S.In sub-assembly, two tensioning members opening is opposite and mutually mistake enters, rectangular logical
Hole II 2023 and square through hole I 1023 be not on the same horizontal plane.
The sliding rail I-I 1031 is matched with horizontal concrete chute I 3011.The sliding rail II-I 2021 and the vertical chute I 3021
It matches.
The sliding rail I-II 1032 is matched with horizontal concrete chute II 4011.The sliding rail II-II 2022 and the vertical chute II
4021 match.
In embodiment, horizontal concrete chute I 3011, the vertical chute I 3021, horizontal concrete chute II 4011 and the vertical chute II 4021 are equal
It is strip groove, matched sliding rail I-I 1031, sliding rail I-II 1032, sliding rail II-I 2021 and sliding rail II-II 2022 are
The strip protruding rail of protrusion.Further, the cross section of the slide guide protruding rail and slide guide groove is trapezoidal, and protruding rail is wide outside and narrow inside, recessed
Narrow inner width outside slot, make protruding rail with groove is mutually chimeric does not depart from, can only slide along longitudinal direction.The direction of displacement of component is as shown in Figure 2.
To reduce sliding friction, butter can be coated as lubrication.
Rock sample 8 is the regular hexahedron being placed in space S.The upper and lower surface of this regular hexahedron pastes company respectively
Fishplate bar I 6 and connecting plate II 60.In embodiment, the one side using structure glue by connecting plate without aperture is glued with 8 phase of rock sample.
The following table face contact of the upper surface of the connecting plate I 6 and the top plate I 101.By several bolts 7, so that even
Fishplate bar I 6 links together with top plate I 101.In embodiment, the upper surface of connecting plate I 6 has several tapped blind holes, these spiral shells
Tapped through hole I 1011 on line blind hole face top plate I 101, come fixed connecting plate I 6 and top plate I by way of screwing in bolt
101。
The lower surface of the connecting plate II 60 is contacted with the upper surface of the bottom plate II 203.By several bolts 7, make
Connecting plate II 60 is obtained to link together with top plate II 203.In embodiment, the upper surface of connecting plate II 60 has several screw threads blind
Hole, connecting plate II 60 and top plate II 203 are similar to connecting plate I 6 and top plate I 101.
The sub-assembly it is upper, right, under, a left side be respectively arranged testing machine loading head I 91, testing machine loading head II 92, test
Machine loading head III 93 and testing machine loading head IV 94.In sub-assembly, Contraband shape tensioning member I 1 and Contraband shape tensioning member II 2 be along vertical and
One overall structure of horizontal both direction independent relative movement.To reduce contact surface friction, the testing machine loading head I 91 and top
There is ball row I 1001 between plate II 201.Have between the testing machine loading head III 93 and bottom plate I 103 and bottom plate II 203
Ball row III 1003.Further, there is cushion 11 between the bottom plate I 103 and bottom plate II 203.
The lower end of the testing machine loading head I 91 acts on top plate II 201.It puts the upper end of the testing machine loading head III 93
Bottom set plate I 103.
Cutting head I 5 is penetrated in the square through hole I 1023, penetrates cutting head II 50 in the square through hole II 2023.Institute
The one end for stating cutting head I 5 is contacted with rock sample, the other end is withstood by testing machine loading head IV 94.The cutting head II 50
One end is contacted with rock sample, the other end is withstood by testing machine loading head II 92.In embodiment, cutting head I 5 and cutting head II 50
It is T-type.
There is ball row IV 1004 between the cutting head I 5 and testing machine loading head IV 94.The cutting head II 50 and examination
Testing between machine loading head II 92 has ball row II 1002.
Embodiment 2:
The present embodiment uses the device of embodiment 1, when test:
1) referring to fig. 4, rock sample 8 is placed in space S.
In embodiment, high strength structural adhesion can be used and paste two connecting plates in 8 top and bottom of rock sample respectively, wait glue
Water gives full play to intensity (generally at least for 24 hours).
2) referring to Fig. 7, scheduled normal force is applied to rock sample 8 by testing machine loading head I 91.I.e. testing machine loads
First I 91 press to Contraband shape tensioning member II 2, and the link block 6/60 that rock sample 8 is bonded respectively by its upper and lower side is to up-down stretch.
It is worth noting that II 2 bottom of Contraband shape tensioning member be it is hanging, when testing machine loading head I 91 applies downward work
When firmly, if rock fracture, Contraband shape tensioning member II 2 can fall down.To prevent the direct punching between bottom plate I 103 and bottom plate II 203
It hits so having placed a cushion 11 in I 103 upper surface of bottom plate.In embodiment, sky is faced in 11 upper surface of cushion.
3) after the normal force that step 2) applies is stablized, apply shearing force by Bit andits control after stablizing, by testing machine plus
Carrier head II 92 applies shearing force to rock sample 8.It is worth noting that cutting head I 5 and cutting head II 50 respectively with rock sample
8 top half left sides and lower half portion right side are sufficiently bonded, and 8 horizontal central line of rock sample is preshearing face.Two cutting heads 5/
50 move toward one another, that is, are applied with shearing force.
It is worth noting that step 2) can not be exchanged with sequence 3).
4) load progress is paid close attention to, once rock sample 8 destroys, normal direction loading system is first closed immediately, turns off and cut
Tangential loading system completes test.
Claims (4)
1. the rock tensile shear testing device that one kind can use on pressure-shear test machine, it is characterised in that: including Contraband shape tensioning member I
(1), Contraband shape tensioning member II (2), L shape slide guide part I (3), L shape slide guide part II (4), testing machine loading head I (91), testing machine load
First II (92), testing machine loading head III (93) and testing machine loading head IV (94)；
The Contraband shape tensioning member I (1) is made of top plate I (101), column I (102) and bottom plate I (103), and three surrounds semi-surrounding
Space I (S1)；
There are the top plate I (101) several to run through the tapped through hole I (1011) of its upper and lower surface；
The square through hole I (1023) through its two sides is provided on the column I (102)；One of the square through hole I (1023)
Outlet is in semi-surrounding space I (S1)；
Two sides of the bottom plate I (103) are respectively provided with sliding rail I-I (1031) and sliding rail I-II (1032)；
The Contraband shape tensioning member II (2) is made of top plate II (201), column II (202) and bottom plate II (203), and three surrounds half
It surrounds space II (S2)；
The square through hole II (2031) through its two sides is provided on the column II (202)；The square through hole II (2031)
One outlet is in semi-surrounding space II (S2)；Two sides of the column II (202) are respectively provided with sliding rail II-I (2021)
It is made of with sliding rail II-II (2022) the L shape slide guide part I (3) horizontal branch I (301) and I (302) of perpendicular branch；The horizontal branch I (301)
Side with horizontal concrete chute I (3011), the perpendicular branch I (302) side have the vertical chute I (3021)；
The L shape slide guide part II (4) is made of horizontal branch II (401) and II (402) of perpendicular branch；The side of the horizontal branch II (401) has
Having the side of horizontal concrete chute II (4011), the perpendicular branch II (402) has the vertical chute II (4021)；
The Contraband shape tensioning member I (1), Contraband shape tensioning member II (2), L shape slide guide part I (3) and L shape slide guide part II (4) constitute combination
Part；In the sub-assembly, top plate I (101) is located at the lower section of top plate II (201), and bottom plate I (103) is located under bottom plate II (203)
Side；The semi-surrounding space I (S1) and semi-surrounding space II (S2) are combined into space (S) sliding rail I-I (1031) and transverse direction
Sliding slot I (3011) matches；The sliding rail II-I (2021) matches with the vertical chute I (3021)；
The sliding rail I-II (1032) matches with horizontal concrete chute II (4011)；Sliding rail II-II (2022) and the vertical chute
II (4021) match；
Rock sample (8) is the regular hexahedron being placed in space (S)；The upper and lower surface of this regular hexahedron pastes company respectively
Fishplate bar I (6) and connecting plate II (60)；
The following table face contact of the upper surface of the connecting plate I (6) and the top plate I (101)；By several bolts (7), so that
Connecting plate I (6) links together with top plate I (101)；
The lower surface of the connecting plate II (60) is contacted with the upper surface of the bottom plate II (203)；By several bolts (7),
So that connecting plate II (60) links together with top plate II (203)；
The sub-assembly it is upper, right, under, a left side be respectively arranged testing machine loading head I (91), testing machine loading head II (92), test
Machine loading head III (93) and testing machine loading head IV (94)；
The lower end of the testing machine loading head I (91) acts on top plate II (201)；The upper end of the testing machine loading head III (93)
Shelve bottom plate I (103)；
Cutting head I (5) is penetrated in the square through hole I (1023), penetrates cutting head II in the square through hole II (2023)
(50)；One end of the cutting head I (5) is contacted with rock sample, the other end is withstood by testing machine loading head IV (94)；It is described to cut
One end of II (50) of cutting head is contacted with rock sample, the other end is withstood by testing machine loading head II (92).
2. the rock tensile shear testing device that one kind according to claim 1 can use on pressure-shear test machine, feature exist
In: bottom plate I (103) upper surface has cushion (11).
3. the rock tensile shear testing device that one kind according to claim 1 can use on pressure-shear test machine, feature exist
In: between the testing machine loading head I (91) and top plate II (201) there is ball to arrange I (1001)；The testing machine loading head III
(93) between bottom plate I (103) there is ball to arrange III (1003)；
Between the cutting head I (5) and testing machine loading head IV (94) there is ball to arrange IV (1004)；The cutting head II (50)
Between testing machine loading head II (92) there is ball to arrange II (1002).
4. examination is cut in a kind of rock drawing that can be used on pressure-shear test machine based on 1~3 any one claim described device
Proved recipe method, which is characterized in that when test:
1) rock sample (8) is placed in space S；
2) scheduled normal tension is applied to rock sample (8) by testing machine loading head I (91)；
3) shearing force is applied to rock sample (8) by testing machine loading head II (92)；
4) load progress is paid close attention to, once rock sample (8) destroys, normal direction loading system is first closed immediately, turns off shearing
To loading system, test is completed.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201610349163.XA CN106066277B (en) | 2016-05-24 | 2016-05-24 | A kind of rock tensile shear testing device and method that can be used on pressure-shear test machine |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201610349163.XA CN106066277B (en) | 2016-05-24 | 2016-05-24 | A kind of rock tensile shear testing device and method that can be used on pressure-shear test machine |
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| CN106066277B true CN106066277B (en) | 2019-02-05 |
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