CN106644708B - A kind of drawing of rock type materials is cut and biaxial tension test experimental rig and its application method - Google Patents
A kind of drawing of rock type materials is cut and biaxial tension test experimental rig and its application method Download PDFInfo
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- CN106644708B CN106644708B CN201610997985.9A CN201610997985A CN106644708B CN 106644708 B CN106644708 B CN 106644708B CN 201610997985 A CN201610997985 A CN 201610997985A CN 106644708 B CN106644708 B CN 106644708B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/02—Details
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/24—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady shearing forces
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0001—Type of application of the stress
- G01N2203/0003—Steady
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0014—Type of force applied
- G01N2203/0016—Tensile or compressive
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0014—Type of force applied
- G01N2203/0023—Bending
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0058—Kind of property studied
- G01N2203/006—Crack, flaws, fracture or rupture
- G01N2203/0067—Fracture or rupture
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/025—Geometry of the test
- G01N2203/0254—Biaxial, the forces being applied along two normal axes of the specimen
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- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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- Investigating Strength Of Materials By Application Of Mechanical Stress (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of drawing of rock type materials and cuts and biaxial tension test experimental rig and its application method.The device includes frame I, frame II, top board, pull head I, pull head II, backing plate, testing machine loading head I, testing machine loading head II, testing machine loading head III and testing machine loading head IV.Frame II can be moved vertically, and testing machine vertical pressure is switched to pulling force.Sample is in horizontal pressure force direction Free Transform.The apparatus structure is simple, and test result is accurate, it can be achieved that the purpose that progress tensile shear testing and biaxial tension test are tested on twin shaft testing machine, is greatly reduced experimentation cost.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to rock-soil mechanics fields, more particularly to one kind to draw for carrying out rock type materials tensile shear testing and twin shaft
Compression testing device and method.
Background technique
Under natural conditions, subterranean body is generally in three dimension stress state under weight stress and tectonic stress effect, but
After tunnel, tunnel, chamber and underground power house etc. excavate, Rock mass stress redistribution is enclosed, from three-dimensional stress state to two-way or even single
Change to stress state.Meanwhile rock excavation causes country rock body to generate strong Unloading Effect, and then causes rock mass resilience and curved
Song deformation, this will all cause rock mass to generate tensile stress in a certain range.In addition, rock side slope unloaded band, near Faults
Complex stress conditions and the corresponding rock mass damages such as rock mass and earthquake epicenter rock mass etc. can generate stretching, drawing is cut, tension and compression.Mesh
Preceding common Strength Criteria of Rock has a coulomb criterion and D-P criterion etc., and a large amount of laboratory tests prove it there are bright in tensile stress section
Aobvious defect, there is no practical application values.In conclusion it is that one kind is generally deposited that tensile failure and drawing, which are broken bad etc., in rock mass engineering project
The phenomenon that, and current Strength Criteria of Rock cannot be solved these problems effectively, therefore act on lower rock for tension-shear tests
The research of stone and rock mass mechanics behavior is very necessary.
Tensile shear testing and tensile compression test are the important means for obtaining rock drawing and cutting mechanics parameter, but due to technical difficulty etc.
The development of reason, indoor tensile shear testing and tensile compression test is relatively fewer, is directed to the testing equipment master of both development tests at present
Have: 1) individually carrying out the instrument and equipment of tensile shear testing or tensile compression test；2) it uses and injects highly pressurised liquid in confined space
Method, hydraulic system provides vertical tensile stress and transverse compressive stress simultaneously；3) using complicated force transferring structure, testing machine is vertical
Pressure is converted into pulling force and shearing or lateral pressure simultaneously.However, the first instrument and equipment is that individually designed manufacture instrument is set
It is standby, it involves great expense, although second and construction relatively easy, sample pulling force and lateral shear power suitable with the third price
Or pressure has correlation, one of variation, another changes in ratio, cannot independently change the size of some power, no
The rock type materials mechanics parameter under any stress can be tested.Therefore, currently used for rock type materials tensile shear testing and double
The device of axis tensile compression test all has apparent defect in economy and practicability.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of simple structure, the accurate rock type materials tensile shear testing of test result and twin shafts
The experimental rig and method of tensile compression test are realized and are tested in twin shaft to solve the defect on prior art economy and practicability
Tensile shear testing and biaxial tension test test are carried out on machine.
To realize the present invention purpose and the technical solution adopted is that such, a kind of rock type materials drawing is cut and biaxial tension test
Experimental rig, including frame I, frame II, top board, pull head I, pull head II, backing plate, testing machine loading head I, testing machine loading head
II, testing machine loading head III and testing machine loading head IV.
The frame I includes column I, column II and crossbeam I.The crossbeam I is connected between column I and column II.Institute
It states column I, column II and crossbeam I and surrounds I S of semi-surrounding space.The column I, column II and crossbeam I are an entirety.
The bottom surface of the column I removes a cuboid A and forms notch I.The notch I runs through I two sides of column.It is described to lack
The one outlet of mouth I is in I S of semi-surrounding space.The bottom surface of the column I also has several threaded holes I.On the column I
It is provided with the rectangular opening I through its two sides.The one outlet of the rectangular opening I is in I S of semi-surrounding space.The column I is backwards
The side of crossbeam I there also is provided two vertical supporting legs I.The vertical chute I is all had on described two vertical supporting legs I.It is described
The drilling I through its two sides is also provided on column I.Two sides of drilling I the connection rectangular opening I and column I.
The bottom surface of the column II removes a cuboid B and forms notch II.The notch II runs through II two sides of column.Institute
The one outlet of notch II is stated in I S of semi-surrounding space.The bottom surface of the column II also has several threaded holes II.It is described
The rectangular opening II through its two sides is provided on column II.The one outlet of the rectangular opening II is in I S of semi-surrounding space.It is described
Column II there also is provided two vertical supporting legs II backwards to the side of crossbeam I.It is all had on described two vertical supporting legs II perpendicular
To sliding slot II.The drilling II through its two sides is also provided on the column II.The II connection rectangular opening II of drilling and column II
Two sides.
The frame II includes column III, column IV and crossbeam II.The crossbeam II be connected to column III and column IV it
Between.The column III, column IV and crossbeam II surround II S of semi-surrounding space.The column III, column IV and crossbeam II are one
A entirety.
The top surface of the column III removes a cuboid C, forms notch III.The one outlet of the notch III is in Ban Bao
In II S of confining space.The rectangular opening III through its two sides is provided on the column III.The one outlet of the rectangular opening III is half
It surrounds in II S of space.The column III there also is provided several threaded holes III at notch III.Two sides of the column III
Face all has vertical rails I.
The top surface of the column IV removes a cuboid D, forms notch IV.The one outlet of the notch IV is in Ban Bao
In II S of confining space.The rectangular opening IV through its two sides is provided on the column IV.The one outlet of the rectangular opening IV is half
It surrounds in II S of space.The column IV is also disposed with several threaded holes III vertically at notch IV.The two of the column IV
A side all has vertical rails II.
The top board both ends are respectively embedded into notch III and notch IV.The top board and frame II constitute hollow.
There are several hexagon socket head cap screw deep holes I in the plate face of the top board.The top board and frame II pass through hexagon socket head cap screw
Connection, these hexagon socket head cap screws screw in threaded hole III after passing through hexagon socket head cap screw deep hole I.
The frame I, frame II and top board constitute sub-assembly.In the sub-assembly, crossbeam I is located at the upper of crossbeam II
Side, top board are located at the top of crossbeam I.The both ends of the crossbeam II are respectively embedded into notch I and notch II.The semi-surrounding is empty
Between I S and II S of semi-surrounding space be combined into I S of space.The column III is inserted between two vertical supporting legs I.The column
Between IV two vertical supporting legs II of insertion.The vertical rails I are matched with the vertical chute I.The vertical rails II with it is perpendicular
It is matched to sliding slot II.The frame II can vertical motion.The rectangular opening I and rectangular opening III constitute V M of rectangular opening together.Institute
It states rectangular opening II and rectangular opening IV and constitutes VI N of rectangular opening together.
The pull head I includes L-square I and side plate I.The L-square I includes riser I and transverse slat I.The side plate I with it is perpendicular
Plate I is arranged symmetrically.The side plate I is bolted with transverse slat I.There are several drillings IV in the plate face of the riser I.Institute
It states I corresponding position of side plate and is provided with the identical drilling V of quantity, and drilling V is identical with IV diameter of drilling.
Among several described drillings IV, there is variable diameter bolt I in two drillings IV of two sides, have in remaining drilling IV
Roll shaft I.The diameter of I end of thread of variable diameter bolt is less than screw diameter.After the variable diameter bolt I passes through drilling IV and drilling V
It is screwed on fixation with nut.The I both ends diameter of roll shaft is small, and mid diameter is big, and I mid diameter of the roll shaft is greater than variable diameter bolt
I screw diameter.The both ends of the roll shaft I are inserted into respectively in drilling IV and drilling V.The diameter of the drilling IV and drilling V is big
Diameter in I end of roll shaft.The roll shaft I can be rolled freely.The pull head I can move horizontally.The L-square I, side plate
I, variable diameter bolt I and roll shaft I surround II S of space.
The pull head II includes L-square II, side plate II, variable diameter bolt II and roll shaft II.The L-square II includes riser
II and transverse slat II.The pull head II is identical as I structure of pull head.The L-square II, side plate II, variable diameter bolt II and roll shaft II close
III S of confining space.
Sample is the hexahedron being placed in I S of space.This hexahedral upper and lower surface pastes transverse slat I and cross respectively
Plate II.
The pull head I is mounted at crossbeam I.The crossbeam I protrudes into II S of space, and top surface and the roll shaft I of crossbeam I connect
Touching.The pull head II is mounted at crossbeam II.The crossbeam II protrudes into III S of space, and the bottom surface of crossbeam II is contacted with roll shaft II.
There are several hexagon socket head cap screw deep holes II in the plate face of the backing plate.The backing plate is fixed by hexagon socket head cap screw
Below frame I, these hexagon socket head cap screws screw in threaded hole I or threaded hole II after passing through hex bolts deep hole II.
The sub-assembly it is upper, right, under, a left side is respectively arranged testing machine loading head I, testing machine loading head II, testing machine and adds
Carrier head III and testing machine loading head IV.
The lower end of the testing machine loading head I acts on top board.Shelve backing plate in the upper end of the testing machine loading head III.
When being tested, frame II, which moves downward, drives pull head II to move downward.
When carrying out biaxial tension test test, side plate I is penetrated in V M of rectangular opening.Side is penetrated in VI N of rectangular opening
Pressing plate II.The side plate I and side plate II can move in the horizontal direction.One end of the side plate I contacts with rock sample,
The other end is withstood by testing machine loading head IV.One end of the side plate II is contacted with rock sample, the other end is added by testing machine
Carrier head II is withstood.
When carrying out tensile shear testing, shearing cushion block I is installed in V M of rectangular opening, shearing cushion block is installed in VI N of rectangular opening
Ⅱ.A threaded hole IV is respectively provided on two sides of the shearing cushion block I.Divide on two sides of the shearing cushion block II
It Ju You not a threaded hole V.The shearing cushion block I is bolted with column I, these bolts pass through threaded hole IV and bore
Hole I.The shearing cushion block II is bolted with column II, these bolts pass through threaded hole V and drilling II.
Shear plate I is penetrated in V M of rectangular opening.One end of the shear plate I is contacted with rock sample, the other end is tested
Machine loading head IV is tested to withstand.The shear plate I cooperates with shearing cushion block I, can move in the horizontal direction.In VI N of rectangular opening
Penetrate shear plate II.One end of the shear plate II is contacted with rock sample, the other end is withstood by testing machine loading head II.It is described
Shear plate II and shearing cushion block II cooperate, and can move in the horizontal direction.The shear plate I and the locating height of shear plate II are different.
Further, the vertical chute I and the vertical chute II are dovetail groove.The vertical rails I and vertical rails II
It is dovetail.Dovetail groove and dovetail are mutually chimeric.
Further, the upper face of the top board also has ball array I.Ball in the ball array I can be free
Rotation.The lower face of the backing plate also has ball array II.Ball in the ball array II is free to rotate.
Invention additionally discloses a kind of biaxial tension test test methods using above-mentioned apparatus, comprising the following steps:
1) by L-square I and L-square II and sample centering, sample upper and lower surface using seccotine paste respectively transverse slat I with
Transverse slat II forms assembly.
2) after seccotine solidifies completely, assembly is placed in I S of space.Pull head I and pull head II are installed respectively
On crossbeam I and crossbeam II: roll shaft I being first installed, then connects L-square I and side plate I with bolt and variable diameter bolt I.First install
Then roll shaft II connects L-square II and side plate II with bolt and variable diameter bolt II.
3) side plate I and side plate II are installed.
4) pass through testing machine loading head II and IV loading level compression of testing machine loading head to setting value.
5) vertical tensile stress is loaded by testing machine loading head I and testing machine loading head III, until sample destroys.Sample is broken
Testing machine loading system is closed immediately after bad.
Invention additionally discloses a kind of tensile shear testing methods using above-mentioned apparatus, comprising the following steps:
1) by L-square I and L-square II and sample centering, sample upper and lower surface using seccotine paste respectively transverse slat I with
Transverse slat II forms assembly.
2) after seccotine solidifies completely, assembly is placed in I S of space.Pull head I and pull head II are installed respectively
On crossbeam I and crossbeam II: roll shaft I being first installed, then connects L-square I and side plate I with bolt and variable diameter bolt I.First install
Then roll shaft II connects L-square II and side plate II with bolt and variable diameter bolt II.
3) installation shearing cushion block I, shearing cushion block II, shear plate I and shear plate II.
4) normal direction tensile stress is loaded to setting value by testing machine loading head I and testing machine loading head III.
5) shearing force is loaded by testing machine loading head II and testing machine loading head IV, until sample destroys.Sample destroys
Close testing machine loading system immediately afterwards.
The solution have the advantages that unquestionable:
A) structure is simple, and without special design pressure-shear test machine, experimentation cost can be greatly reduced；
B) testing machine vertical pressure is switched to the tensile stress of rock sample by Frame Design, easy to operate, easily controllable；
C) for sample in horizontal pressure force direction Free Transform, test result is more accurate.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is that tensile shear testing loads schematic diagram；
Fig. 2 is biaxial tension test test load schematic diagram；
Fig. 3 is I structural schematic diagram of frame；
Fig. 4 is I bottom view of frame；
Fig. 5 is II structural schematic diagram of frame；
Fig. 6 is top board top view；
Fig. 7 is assembling unit structure schematic diagram；
Fig. 8 is sub-assembly front view；
Fig. 9 is I structural schematic diagram of pull head；
Figure 10 is I structural schematic diagram of L-square；
Figure 11 is I structural schematic diagram of side plate；
Figure 12 is II structural schematic diagram of pull head；
Figure 13 is backing plate bottom view；
Figure 14 is shearing I structural schematic diagram of cushion block；
Figure 15 is shearing II structural schematic diagram of cushion block.
In figure: I S1 of semi-surrounding space, II S2 of semi-surrounding space, I S of space, II S3 of space, III S4 of space, rectangular opening
V M, VI N of rectangular opening, frame I 1, column I 101, vertical supporting leg I 1011, the vertical chute I 10111, rectangular opening I
1013, notch I 1014, drilling I 1015, threaded hole I 1016, column II 102, vertical supporting leg II 1021, the vertical chute
II 10211, rectangular opening II 1023, notch II 1024, drilling II 1025, threaded hole II 1026, crossbeam I 103, frame II
2, column III 201, notch III 2011, rectangular opening III 2012, vertical rails I 2013, column IV 202, notch IV 2021, square
Shape hole IV 2022, vertical rails II 2023, crossbeam II 203, threaded hole III 204, top board 3, ball array I 301, interior six
Corner bolt deep hole I 302, pull head I 4, L-square I 401, riser I 4011, drilling IV 40111, transverse slat I 4012, side plate I
402, drilling V 4021, variable diameter bolt I 403, roll shaft I 404, pull head II 40, L-square II 4001, riser II 40011,
It is transverse slat II 40012, side plate II 4002, variable diameter bolt II 4003, roll shaft II 4004, backing plate 6, ball array II 601, interior
Hex bolts deep hole II 602, side plate I 7, side plate II 70, sample 8, testing machine loading head I 91, testing machine loading head
II 92, testing machine loading head III 93, testing machine loading head IV 94, shear plate I 10, shear plate II 100, shearing cushion block I
11, threaded hole IV 1101, shearing cushion block II 12, threaded hole V 1201.
Specific embodiment
Below with reference to embodiment, the invention will be further described, but should not be construed the above-mentioned subject area of the present invention only
It is limited to following embodiments.Without departing from the idea case in the present invention described above, according to ordinary skill knowledge and used
With means, various replacements and change are made, should all include within the scope of the present invention.
Embodiment 1:
The present embodiment discloses a kind of drawing of rock type materials and cuts and biaxial tension test experimental rig, including frame I 1, frame II
2, top board 3, pull head I 4, pull head II 40, backing plate 6, testing machine loading head I 91, testing machine loading head II 92, testing machine add
Carrier head III 93 and testing machine loading head IV 94.
Referring to Fig. 3 and Fig. 4, the frame I 1 includes column I 101, column II 102 and crossbeam I 103.The crossbeam I
103 are connected between column I 101 and column II 102, and three bottom surface is concordant.The column I 101, column II 102 and cross
Beam I 103 surrounds I S1 of semi-surrounding space.The column I 101, column II 102 and crossbeam I 103 surround "" shape.It is described vertical
Column I 101, column II 102 and crossbeam I 103 are an entirety.
The bottom surface of the column I 101 removes a cuboid A and forms notch I 1014.The notch I 1014 is through vertical
I 101 two sides of column.The one outlet of the notch I 1014 is in I S1 of semi-surrounding space.The bottom surface of the column I 101 is also
With 4 threaded holes I 1016.The rectangular opening I 1013 through its two sides is provided on the column I 101.The rectangular opening I
1013 one outlet is in I S1 of semi-surrounding space.The column I 101 there also is provided two backwards to the side of crossbeam I 103
Vertical supporting leg I 1011.The vertical chute I 10111 is all had on described two vertical supporting legs I 1011.The column I
The drilling I 1015 through its two sides is also provided on 101.The I 1015 connection rectangular opening I 1013 of drilling and column I 101
Two sides.
The bottom surface of the column II 102 removes a cuboid B and forms notch II 1024.The notch II 1024 passes through
Wear II 102 two sides of column.The one outlet of the notch II 1024 is in I S1 of semi-surrounding space.The column II 102
Bottom surface also has 4 threaded holes II 1026.The rectangular opening II 1023 through its two sides is provided on the column II 102.It is described
The one outlet of rectangular opening II 1023 is in I S1 of semi-surrounding space.The column II 102 backwards to the side of crossbeam I 103 also
There are two vertical supporting legs II 1021 for arrangement.The vertical chute II is all had on described two vertical supporting legs II 1021
10211.The drilling II 1025 through its two sides is also provided on the column II 102.The II 1025 connection rectangular opening of drilling
II 1023 with two sides of column II 102.The position of the drilling II 1025 is higher than drilling I 1015.
Referring to Fig. 5, the frame II 2 includes column III 201, column IV 202 and crossbeam II 203.The crossbeam II
203 are connected between column III 201 and column IV 202, and three bottom surface is concordant.The column III 201, column IV 202 and cross
Beam II 203 surrounds II S2 of semi-surrounding space.The column III 201, column IV 202 and crossbeam II 203 surround "" shape.It is horizontal
The height of beam II 203 is less than the height of cuboid A and cuboid B.The column III 201, column IV 202 and crossbeam II 203
For an entirety.
The top surface of the column III 201 removes a cuboid C, forms notch III 2011.The one of the notch III 2011
A outlet is in II S2 of semi-surrounding space.The rectangular opening III 2012 through its two sides is provided on the column III 201.The square
The one outlet in shape hole III 2012 is in II S2 of semi-surrounding space.The column III 201 there also is provided 4 at notch III 2011
A threaded hole III 204.Two sides of the column III 201 all have vertical rails I 2013.
The top surface of the column IV 202 removes a cuboid D, forms notch IV 2021.The notch IV 2021
One outlet is in II S2 of semi-surrounding space.The rectangular opening IV 2022 through its two sides is provided on the column IV 202.Institute
The one outlet of rectangular opening IV 2022 is stated in II S2 of semi-surrounding space.The column IV 202 at notch IV 2021 also
It is disposed with 4 threaded holes III 204 vertically.Two sides of the column IV 202 all have vertical rails II 2023.
Referring to Fig. 6,3 both ends of top board are respectively embedded into notch III 2011 and notch IV 2021.The top board 3
Hollow is constituted with frame II 2.The top board 3 is located at the top of crossbeam II 203.Have 4 in the plate face of the top board 3
A hexagon socket head cap screw deep hole I 302.The top board 3 is connected with frame II 2 by hexagon socket head cap screw, these hexagon socket head cap screws
It is screwed in threaded hole III 204 after hexagon socket head cap screw deep hole I 302.
Referring to figs. 7 and 8, the frame I 1, frame II 2 and top board 3 constitute sub-assembly.It is horizontal in the sub-assembly
Beam I 103 is located at the top of crossbeam II 203, and top board 3 is located at the top of crossbeam I 103.The both ends of the crossbeam II 203 point
It Qian Ru not be in notch I 1014 and notch II 1024.I S1 of semi-surrounding space and II S2 of semi-surrounding space are combined into space
Ⅰ S.The column III 201 is inserted between two vertical supporting legs I 1011.The column IV 202 is inserted into two vertical supportings
Between leg II 1021.The vertical rails I 2013 are matched with the vertical chute I 10111.The vertical rails II 2023 with
The vertical chute II 10211 matches.The frame II 2 can vertical motion.To reduce contact surface friction, the top board 3
Upper face also has ball array I 301.Ball in the ball array I 301 is free to rotate.The rectangular opening I
1013 and rectangular opening III 2012 constitute V M of rectangular opening together.The rectangular opening II 1023 and rectangular opening IV 2022 are constituted together
VI N of rectangular opening.
Referring to Fig. 9, Figure 10 and Figure 11, the pull head I 4 includes L-square I 401 and side plate I 402.The L-square I
401 include riser I 4011 and transverse slat I 4012.The side plate I 402 is arranged symmetrically with riser I 4011.The side plate I 402
It is bolted with transverse slat I 4012.There are 6 drillings IV 40111 in the plate face of the riser I 4011.The side plate I
402 corresponding positions are provided with the identical drilling V 4021 of quantity, and drilling V 4021 is identical with IV 40111 diameters of drilling.
Among 6 drilling IV 40111, there is variable diameter bolt I 403 in two drillings IV 40111 of two sides,
There is roll shaft I 404 in remaining drilling IV 40111.The diameter of I 403 end of thread of variable diameter bolt is less than screw diameter.It is described
Variable diameter bolt I 403 passes through drilling IV 40111 and drills and is screwed on fixation after V 4021 with nut.I 404 both ends of roll shaft
Diameter is small, and mid diameter is big, and I 404 mid diameter of the roll shaft is greater than I 403 screw diameter of variable diameter bolt.The roll shaft I
404 both ends are inserted into respectively in drilling IV 40111 and drilling V 4021.The drilling IV 40111 is straight with drilling V 4021
Diameter is 2~3mm bigger than the diameter of I 404 end of roll shaft.The distance between the pull head I 4 and column I 101 are 10~20mm.Institute
Stating the distance between pull head I 4 and column II 102 is 10~20mm.The roll shaft I 404 can be rolled freely, in guarantee test
Sample in the horizontal direction can be with Free Transform.The pull head I 4 can move horizontally.The L-square I 401, side plate I 402,
Variable diameter bolt I 403 and roll shaft I 404 surround II S3 of space.
Referring to Figure 12, the pull head II 40 includes L-square II 4001, side plate II 4002, II 4003 and of variable diameter bolt
Roll shaft II 4004.The L-square II 4001 includes riser II 40011 and transverse slat II 40012.The pull head II 40 and drawing
First I 4 structure is identical.The L-square II 4001, side plate II 4002, variable diameter bolt II 4003 and roll shaft II 4004 surround
III S4 of space.
Sample 8 is the hexahedron being placed in I S of space.This hexahedral upper and lower surface pastes transverse slat I respectively
4012 with transverse slat II 40012.
Referring to Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, the pull head I 4 is mounted at crossbeam I 103.The crossbeam I 103 protrudes into II S3 of space
Interior, the top surface of crossbeam I 103 is contacted with roll shaft I 404.The pull head II 40 is mounted at crossbeam II 203.The crossbeam II
203 protrude into III S4 of space, and the bottom surface of crossbeam II 203 is contacted with roll shaft II 4004.
Referring to Figure 12, there are 4 hexagon socket head cap screw deep holes II 602 in the plate face of the backing plate 6.The backing plate 6 passes through interior
Hex bolts is fixed on I 1 lower section of frame, these hexagon socket head cap screws screw in threaded hole I after passing through hex bolts deep hole II 602
1016 or threaded hole II 1026 in.The lower face of the backing plate 6 also has ball array II 601.The ball array II
Ball in 601 is free to rotate.
The sub-assembly it is upper, right, under, a left side be respectively arranged testing machine loading head I 91, testing machine loading head II 92, examination
Test machine loading head III 93 and testing machine loading head IV 94.
The lower end of the testing machine loading head I 91 acts on top board 3.It puts the upper end of the testing machine loading head III 93
Set backing plate 6.When being tested, frame II 2 is moved downward.Crossbeam II 203 drives pull head II 40 to move downward.Crossbeam II
203 pairs of pull heads II 40 apply downward power, and I 103 pairs of pull heads I 4 of crossbeam apply upward power.In turn, I 4 pairs of samples 8 of pull head
Upward pulling force is generated, II 40 pairs of samples 8 of pull head generate downward pulling force.In this way, just by testing machine loading head I 91 and test
The pressure that III 93 pairs of frames I of machine loading head and frame II 2 apply is converted into what II 40 pairs of samples 8 of pull head I 4 and pull head applied
Pulling force.
Referring to Fig. 1, when carrying out biaxial tension test test, side plate I 7 is penetrated in V M of rectangular opening.The rectangular opening
Side plate II 70 is penetrated in VI N.The side plate I 7 and side plate II 70 can move in the horizontal direction.The side plate I 7
One end contacted with rock sample, the other end is withstood by testing machine loading head IV 94.One end of the side plate II 70 and rock
The contact of stone test specimen, the other end are withstood by testing machine loading head II 92.
Referring to fig. 2, when carrying out tensile shear testing, shearing cushion block I 11, peace in VI N of rectangular opening are installed in V M of rectangular opening
Equipped with shearing cushion block II 12.A threaded hole IV 1101 is respectively provided on two sides of the shearing cushion block I 11.It is described
It shears and is respectively provided with a threaded hole V 1201 on two sides of cushion block II 12.The shearing cushion block I 11 and column I
101 are bolted, these bolts pass through threaded hole IV 1101 and drilling I 1015.The shearing cushion block II 12 and column
II 102 are bolted, these bolts pass through threaded hole V 1201 and drilling II 1025.
Shear plate I 10 is penetrated in V M of rectangular opening.The shear plate I 10 cooperates with shearing cushion block I 11, Ke Yanshui
Square to movement.The bottom surface of the shear plate I 10 is contacted with the top surface of shearing cushion block I 11.It penetrates and cuts in VI N of rectangular opening
Cutting plate II 100.The shear plate II 100 cooperates with shearing cushion block II 12, can move in the horizontal direction.The shear plate II
100 top surface is contacted with the bottom surface of shearing cushion block II 12.One end of the shear plate I 10 contacts with rock sample, the other end
It is withstood by testing machine loading head IV 94.One end of the shear plate II 100 is contacted with rock sample, the other end is added by testing machine
Carrier head II 92 is withstood.I 10 present position of shear plate is higher than II 100 present position of shear plate.
It is worth noting that the vertical chute I 10111 and the vertical chute II 10211 are dovetail groove in the present embodiment.It is perpendicular
It is dovetail to sliding rail I 2013 and vertical rails II 2023.Dovetail groove and dovetail, which are mutually fitted into, not to be departed from, can only be along vertical
To sliding.
Embodiment 2:
The present embodiment discloses a kind of twin shaft for drawing and being cut with biaxial tension test experimental rig using rock type materials described in embodiment 1
Pull pressure test method, comprising the following steps:
1) by L-square I 401 and L-square II 4001 and 8 centering of sample, 8 upper and lower surface of sample is distinguished using seccotine
Transverse slat I 4012 and transverse slat II 40012 are pasted, assembly is formed.
2) after seccotine solidifies completely, assembly is placed in I S of space.Pull head I 4 and pull head II 40 are distinguished
It is mounted on crossbeam I 103 and crossbeam II 203: roll shaft I 404 is first installed, it is then straight with bolt and the connection of variable diameter bolt I 403
Gusset I 401 and side plate I 402.Roll shaft II 4004 is first installed, then connects L-square with bolt and variable diameter bolt II 4003
II 4001 and side plate II 4002.
3) side plate I 7 and side plate II 70 are installed.
4) pass through testing machine loading head II 92 and IV 94 loading level compression of testing machine loading head to setting value.
5) vertical tensile stress is loaded by testing machine loading head I 91 and testing machine loading head III 93, until sample 8 destroys.
Sample 8 closes testing machine loading system after destroying immediately.
Embodiment 3:
The present embodiment is disclosed a kind of cut using the drawing of rock type materials described in embodiment 1 and cut with the drawing of biaxial tension test experimental rig
Test method, comprising the following steps:
1) by L-square I 401 and L-square II 4001 and 8 centering of sample, 8 upper and lower surface of sample is distinguished using seccotine
Transverse slat I 4012 and transverse slat II 40012 are pasted, assembly is formed；
2) after seccotine solidifies completely, assembly is placed in I S of space；Pull head I 4 and pull head II 40 are distinguished
It is mounted on crossbeam I 103 and crossbeam II 203: roll shaft I 404 is first installed, it is then straight with bolt and the connection of variable diameter bolt I 403
Gusset I 401 and side plate I 402；Roll shaft II 4004 is first installed, then connects L-square with bolt and variable diameter bolt II 4003
II 4001 and side plate II 4002；
3) installation shearing cushion block I 11, shearing cushion block II 12, shear plate I 10 and shear plate II 100；
4) normal direction tensile stress is loaded to setting value by testing machine loading head I 91 and testing machine loading head III 93；
5) shearing force is loaded by testing machine loading head II 92 and testing machine loading head IV 94, until sample 8 destroys；Examination
Sample 8 closes testing machine loading system after destroying immediately.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of drawing of rock type materials cut with biaxial tension test experimental rig, including frame I (1), frame II (2), top board (3),
Pull head I (4), pull head II (40), backing plate (6), testing machine loading head I (91), testing machine loading head II (92), testing machine loading head
III (93) and testing machine loading head IV (94)；It is characterized by:
The frame I (1) includes column I (101), column II (102) and crossbeam I (103)；The crossbeam I (103) is connected to vertical
Between column I (101) and column II (102)；The column I (101), column II (102) and crossbeam I (103) surround semi-surrounding sky
Between I (S1)；The column I (101), column II (102) and crossbeam I (103) are an entirety；
The bottom surface of the column I (101) removes a cuboid A and forms notch I (1014)；The notch I (1014) is through vertical
Column I (101) two sides；The one outlet of the notch I (1014) is in semi-surrounding space I (S1)；The bottom of the column I (101)
Face also has several threaded holes I (1016)；The rectangular opening I (1013) through its two sides is provided on the column I (101)；Institute
The one outlet of rectangular opening I (1013) is stated in semi-surrounding space I (S1)；The column I (101) backwards to crossbeam I (103) one
Side there also is provided two vertical supporting legs I (1011)；The vertical chute I is all had on described two vertical supporting legs I (1011)
(10111)；The drilling I (1015) through its two sides is also provided on the column I (101)；I (1015) of the drilling are connected to rectangle
Two sides in hole I (1013) and column I (101)；
The bottom surface of the column II (102) removes a cuboid B and forms notch II (1024)；The notch II (1024) is run through
Column II (102) two sides；The one outlet of the notch II (1024) is in semi-surrounding space I (S1)；The column II (102)
Bottom surface also there is several threaded holes II (1026)；The rectangular opening II through its two sides is provided on the column II (102)
(1023)；The one outlet of the rectangular opening II (1023) is in semi-surrounding space I (S1)；The column II (102) is backwards to horizontal
The side of beam I (103) there also is provided two vertical supporting legs II (1021)；Have on described two vertical supporting legs II (1021)
There is the vertical chute II (10211)；The drilling II (1025) through its two sides is also provided on the column II (102)；The drilling
Two sides of II (1025) connection rectangular opening II (1023) and column II (102)；
The frame II (2) includes column III (201), column IV (202) and crossbeam II (203)；Crossbeam II (203) connection
Between column III (201) and column IV (202)；The column III (201), column IV (202) and crossbeam II (203) surround half
It surrounds space II (S2)；The column III (201), column IV (202) and crossbeam II (203) are an entirety；
The top surface of the column III (201) removes a cuboid C, is formed notch III (2011)；The notch III (2011)
One outlet is in semi-surrounding space II (S2)；The rectangular opening III (2012) through its two sides is provided on the column III (201)；
The one outlet of the rectangular opening III (2012) is in semi-surrounding space II (S2)；The column III (201) is in notch III
(2011) several threaded holes III (204) be there also is provided at；Two sides of the column III (201) all have vertical rails I
(2013)；
The top surface of the column IV (202) removes a cuboid (D), is formed notch IV (2021)；The notch IV (2021)
One outlet in semi-surrounding space II (S2)；The rectangular opening IV through its two sides is provided on the column IV (202)
(2022)；The one outlet of the rectangular opening IV (2022) is in semi-surrounding space II (S2)；The column IV (202) is in notch
Several threaded holes III (204) are also disposed at IV (2021) vertically；Two sides of the column IV (202) all have vertically
Sliding rail II (2023)；
Top board (3) both ends are respectively embedded into notch III (2011) and notch IV (2021)；The top board (3) and frame
II (2) constitute hollow；There are several hexagon socket head cap screw deep holes I (302) in the plate face of the top board (3)；The upper pressure
Plate (3) is connected with frame II (2) by hexagon socket head cap screw, these hexagon socket head cap screws pass through hexagon socket head cap screw deep hole I (302) back spin
Enter in threaded hole III (204)；
The frame I (1), frame II (2) and top board (3) constitute sub-assembly；In the sub-assembly, crossbeam I (103) is located at cross
The top of beam II (203), top board (3) are located at the top of crossbeam I (103)；The both ends of the crossbeam II (203) are respectively embedded into scarce
In I (1014) of mouth and notch II (1024)；The semi-surrounding space I (S1) and semi-surrounding space II (S2) are combined into space I
(S)；The column III (201) is inserted between two vertical supporting legs I (1011)；The column IV (202) is inserted into two vertically
Between supporting leg II (1021)；The vertical rails I (2013) match with the vertical chute I (10111)；The vertical rails II
(2023) it is matched with the vertical chute II (10211)；The frame II (2) can vertical motion；The rectangular opening I (1013) and square
Shape hole III (2012) constitutes rectangular opening V (M) together；The rectangular opening II (1023) and rectangular opening IV (2022) constitute square together
Shape hole VI (N)；
The pull head I (4) includes L-square I (401) and side plate I (402)；The L-square I (401) includes riser I (4011)
With transverse slat I (4012)；The side plate I (402) is arranged symmetrically with riser I (4011)；The side plate I (402) and transverse slat I (4012)
It is bolted；There are several IV (40111) of drilling in the plate face of the riser I (4011)；The side plate I (402) is right
Position is answered to be provided with V (4021) of the identical drilling of quantity, and V (4021) that drill are identical with IV (40111) diameter of drilling；
Among several described IV (40111) of drilling, there is variable diameter bolt I (403) in two IV (40111) of drilling of two sides,
There is roll shaft I (404) in remaining IV (40111) of drilling；The diameter of variable diameter bolt I (403) end of thread is less than screw diameter；
Fixation that the variable diameter bolt I (403) passes through IV (40111) of drilling and V (4021) that drill are screwed on nut afterwards；The roll shaft I
(404) both ends diameter is small, and mid diameter is big, and the roll shaft I (404) mid diameter is straight greater than variable diameter bolt I (403) screw rod
Diameter；The both ends of the roll shaft I (404) are inserted into respectively in V (4021) of IV (40111) of drilling and drilling；The drilling IV
(40111) and drilling V (4021) diameter be greater than roll shaft I (404) end diameter；The roll shaft I (404) can freely roll；
The pull head I (4) can move horizontally；The L-square I (401), side plate I (402), variable diameter bolt I (403) and roll shaft I
(404) space II (S3) is surrounded；
The pull head II (40) includes L-square II (4001), side plate II (4002), variable diameter bolt II (4003) and roll shaft II
(4004)；The L-square II (4001) includes riser II (40011) and transverse slat II (40012)；The pull head II (40) and drawing
First I (4) structure is identical；The L-square II (4001), side plate II (4002), variable diameter bolt II (4003) and roll shaft II (4004)
Surround space III (S4)；
Sample (8) is the hexahedron being placed in space I (S)；This hexahedral upper and lower surface pastes transverse slat I respectively
(4012) with transverse slat II (40012)；
The pull head I (4) is mounted at crossbeam I (103)；The crossbeam I (103) is protruded into space II (S3), crossbeam I (103)
Top surface contacted with roll shaft I (404)；The pull head II (40) is mounted at crossbeam II (203)；The crossbeam II (203) is protruded into
In space III (S4), the bottom surface of crossbeam II (203) is contacted with roll shaft II (4004)；
There are several hexagon socket head cap screw deep holes II (602) in the plate face of the backing plate (6)；The backing plate (6) passes through interior hexagonal
Bolt is fixed below frame I (1), these hexagon socket head cap screws pass through hex bolts deep hole II (602) and screw in threaded hole I afterwards
(1016) or in threaded hole II (1026)；
The sub-assembly it is upper, right, under, a left side be respectively arranged testing machine loading head I (91), testing machine loading head II (92), test
Machine loading head III (93) and testing machine loading head IV (94)；
The lower end of the testing machine loading head I (91) acts on top board (3)；It puts the upper end of the testing machine loading head III (93)
Set backing plate (6)；When being tested, frame II (2), which moves downward, drives pull head II (40) to move downward；
When carrying out biaxial tension test test, side plate I (7) is penetrated in the rectangular opening V (M)；It is worn in the rectangular opening VI (N)
Enter side plate II (70)；The side plate I (7) and side plate II (70) can move in the horizontal direction；The side plate I (7)
One end is contacted with rock sample, the other end is withstood by testing machine loading head IV (94)；One end of the side plate II (70) and rock
The contact of stone test specimen, the other end are withstood by testing machine loading head II (92)；
When carrying out tensile shear testing, shearing cushion block I (11) is installed in rectangular opening V (M), shearing is installed in rectangular opening VI (N)
Cushion block II (12)；A threaded hole IV (1101) is respectively provided on two sides of shearing cushion block I (11)；The shear pad
A threaded hole V (1201) is respectively provided on two sides of block II (12)；The shearing cushion block I (11) and column I (101)
It is bolted, these bolts pass through I (1015) of threaded hole IV (1101) and drilling；Shearing cushion block II (12) and the column
II (102) are bolted, these bolts pass through II (1025) of threaded hole V (1201) and drilling；
Shear plate I (10) is penetrated in the rectangular opening V (M)；One end of the shear plate I (10) contacts with rock sample, is another
It is withstood by testing machine loading head IV (94) at end；The shear plate I (10) and shearing cushion block I (11) cooperation, can transport in the horizontal direction
It is dynamic；Shear plate II (100) is penetrated in the rectangular opening VI (N)；One end of the shear plate II (100) contacts with rock sample,
The other end is withstood by testing machine loading head II (92)；The shear plate II (100) and shearing cushion block II (12) cooperation, can be along level
Direction movement；The shear plate I (10) is different with the locating height of shear plate II (100).
2. a kind of rock type materials drawing according to claim 1 is cut and biaxial tension test experimental rig, it is characterised in that: described
The vertical chute I (10111) and the vertical chute II (10211) are dovetail groove；The vertical rails I (2013) and vertical rails II
It (2023) is dovetail；Dovetail groove and dovetail are mutually chimeric.
3. a kind of rock type materials drawing according to claim 1 or 2 is cut and biaxial tension test experimental rig, it is characterised in that:
The upper face of the top board (3) also has ball array I (301)；Ball in the ball array I (301) can freely turn
It is dynamic；The lower face of the backing plate (6) also has ball array II (601)；Ball in the ball array II (601) can be free
Rotation.
4. a kind of biaxial tension test test method using claim 1 described device, it is characterised in that: the following steps are included:
1) by L-square I (401) and L-square II (4001) and sample (8) centering, sample (8) upper and lower surface is using seccotine point
Not Nian Tie transverse slat I (4012) and transverse slat II (40012), form assembly；
2) after seccotine solidifies completely, assembly is placed in space I (S)；Respectively by pull head I (4) and pull head II (40)
It is mounted on crossbeam I (103) and crossbeam II (203): roll shaft I (404) first being installed, then even with bolt and variable diameter bolt I (403)
Connect L-square I (401) and side plate I (402)；Roll shaft II (4004) first are installed, then even with bolt and variable diameter bolt II (4003)
Connect L-square II (4001) and side plate II (4002)；
3) side plate I (7) and side plate II (70) are installed；
4) pass through testing machine loading head II (92) and testing machine loading head IV (94) loading level compression to setting value；
5) vertical tensile stress is loaded by testing machine loading head I (91) and testing machine loading head III (93), until sample (8) are broken
It is bad；Sample (8) closes testing machine loading system after destroying immediately.
5. a kind of tensile shear testing method using claim 1 described device, it is characterised in that: the following steps are included:
1) by L-square I (401) and L-square II (4001) and sample (8) centering, sample (8) upper and lower surface is using seccotine point
Not Nian Tie transverse slat I (4012) and transverse slat II (40012), form assembly；
2) after seccotine solidifies completely, assembly is placed in space I (S)；Respectively by pull head I (4) and pull head II (40)
It is mounted on crossbeam I (103) and crossbeam II (203): roll shaft I (404) first being installed, then even with bolt and variable diameter bolt I (403)
Connect L-square I (401) and side plate I (402)；Roll shaft II (4004) first are installed, then even with bolt and variable diameter bolt II (4003)
Connect L-square II (4001) and side plate II (4002)；
3) installation shearing cushion block I (11), shearing cushion block II (12), shear plate I (10) and shear plate II (100)；
4) normal direction tensile stress is loaded to setting value by testing machine loading head I (91) and testing machine loading head III (93)；
5) shearing force is loaded by testing machine loading head II (92) and testing machine loading head IV (94), until sample (8) are destroyed；Examination
Sample (8) closes testing machine loading system after destroying immediately.
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| CN108469380A (en) * | 2018-06-29 | 2018-08-31 | 桂林理工大学 | A kind of device for realizing rock tensile shear testing using universal testing machine |
| CN108760510B (en) * | 2018-08-24 | 2021-01-05 | 郑州大学 | Concrete biaxial strength measuring device and measuring method |
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| CN109115613A (en) * | 2018-11-09 | 2019-01-01 | 中南大学 | A kind of rocks in direct tension experimental provision and its application method |
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| CN110146389B (en) * | 2019-04-26 | 2022-07-29 | 山东科技大学 | True triaxial direct shear test box and method for simulating force-heat-liquid coupling environment |
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| CN111855429A (en) * | 2020-09-04 | 2020-10-30 | 福州大学 | Tension-compression combined type anchoring fractured rock mass double-shear test device and application method thereof |
| CN112658378B (en) * | 2020-12-16 | 2024-04-05 | 西北工业大学 | Material shearing clamp and material shearing system |
| CN112903462A (en) * | 2021-02-04 | 2021-06-04 | 太原理工大学 | Device and method for testing bearing capacity of single-row group column in horizontal goaf under double-shaft loading |
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