CN106055020B - Based on environmental suitability self study maximum photovoltaic power point tracks of device and method - Google Patents
Based on environmental suitability self study maximum photovoltaic power point tracks of device and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN106055020B CN106055020B CN201610592375.0A CN201610592375A CN106055020B CN 106055020 B CN106055020 B CN 106055020B CN 201610592375 A CN201610592375 A CN 201610592375A CN 106055020 B CN106055020 B CN 106055020B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05F—SYSTEMS FOR REGULATING ELECTRIC OR MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G05F1/00—Automatic systems in which deviations of an electric quantity from one or more predetermined values are detected at the output of the system and fed back to a device within the system to restore the detected quantity to its predetermined value or values, i.e. retroactive systems
- G05F1/66—Regulating electric power
- G05F1/67—Regulating electric power to the maximum power available from a generator, e.g. from solar cell
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- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/56—Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers
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Abstract
The invention discloses one kind to be based on environmental suitability self study maximum photovoltaic power point tracks of device, including：Photovoltaic array, diode, super capacitor, gate-controlled switch, regulation resistance, collection measurement apparatus, control device；The photovoltaic array, diode, super capacitor, gate-controlled switch, regulation resistance are sequentially connected；The power that the photovoltaic array is sent is target control object；The diode is used to protect photovoltaic array；The collection measurement apparatus is used to measure photovoltaic array main line electric current I, the both end voltage V of photovoltaic array, intensity of illumination Ir, photovoltaic array surface temperature T；The control device exports low and high level, controls opening and breaking for gate-controlled switch.The invention also discloses one kind to be based on environmental suitability self study maximum photovoltaic power point tracking.The present invention is closed and closed by controlling switch, to control the charge and discharge of super capacitor, control photovoltaic array both end voltage make its follow the trail of peak power corresponding to voltage, eventually arrive at power output maximum.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to solar maximum power to track field, more particularly to a kind of to be based on environmental suitability self study photovoltaic
Maximum power point tracking device and method.
Background technology
Solar energy is more and more applied to every field as a kind of clean energy resource, therefore improves solar power generation
Efficiency is always the direction of people's research, and MPPT maximum power point tracking (MPPT) control is to improve effective hand of solar energy delivery efficiency
Section, some mechanisms or researcher propose some maximum power tracking methods at present, such as constant voltage tracking, disturbance observation
Method, conductance increment method etc., wherein constant voltage tracing step have a great influence to control accuracy and speed, to the sound of extraneous environmental change
Should be able to power it is poor, and do not account for influence of the temperature change to power output, be only used for illumination and the less ring of temperature change
Border；Perturbation observation method is then when external environment quick change system is likely to judge by accident；Conductance increment rule is in step-length and threshold
Certain difficulty in the selection of value be present.Although some scholars have the perturbation observation method or conductance increment method or base that proposition improves
In MPPT algorithm of artificial intelligence etc., some above-mentioned problems can be overcome, but maximal power tracing algorithm after improving and its
Circuit is relative complex, and one kind proposed by the present invention is based on environmental suitability self study maximum photovoltaic power point tracks of device and method
Problems can not only be overcome, and method and control circuit are simple.
The content of the invention
The present invention is in order to overcome shortcoming and deficiency existing for prior art, there is provided one kind is based on environmental suitability self study light
Lie prostrate maximum power point tracking device and method.
The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions：
One kind is based on environmental suitability self study maximum photovoltaic power point tracks of device, including：Photovoltaic array, diode,
Super capacitor, gate-controlled switch, regulation resistance, collection measurement apparatus, control device；The photovoltaic array, diode, super electricity
Appearance, gate-controlled switch, regulation resistance are sequentially connected；The power that the photovoltaic array is sent is target control object；The diode
For protecting photovoltaic array；Assuming that the diode is ideal diode, then photovoltaic array both end voltage V and super capacitor both ends
Voltage is equal；It is strong that the collection measurement apparatus is used to measuring photovoltaic array main line electric current I, the both end voltage V of photovoltaic array, illumination
Spend Ir, photovoltaic array surface temperature T；The control device exports low and high level, controls opening and breaking for gate-controlled switch.
Further, the resistance value R of the regulation resistance meets：
R≦V2 M/PMPP, (1)
Wherein PMPPFor the peak power under all situations, VMFor PMPPCorresponding voltage.
Further, the capacitance C of the super capacitor 3 meets：
The common node of the diode, super capacitor and regulation resistance is obtained by Kirchhoff's law：
IC=I-SIR,
Wherein I is photovoltaic array main line electric current (electric current for flowing through diode), IRTo flow through the electric current of regulation resistance, ICFor
Flow through the electric current of super capacitor, IR=V/R；S=1,0 corresponds to gate-controlled switch and disconnects and close respectively.
Further, described control device uses single-chip microcomputer.
In a sampling time Δ t, the variation delta V that photovoltaic array both end voltage V can be obtained by formula (1) and formula (2) can
To be expressed as：Δ V=(I-SIR) C Δ t, as S=0, Δ V=IC Δs t>0, electric capacity is electrically charged, V increases；Work as S=1
When, Δ V=(I-IR) C Δ t, less regulation resistance R is chosen in the present invention so that R<=V2 M/PMPP, it is therefore an objective to ensure I
<IR, then Δ V<0, super capacitor is that regulation resistance R is discharged in such cases, and V reduces.V increases during S=0 in brief
Greatly, V reduces during S=1.
A kind of maximum photovoltaic power point tracking based on described device, comprises the following steps：
The first step：Initialization, companion matrix P is setM_TEMPAnd VM_TEMP(initial value 0), for store different temperatures and
PV plates MPP under illuminance, temperature and illuminance controlled device 7 divide enough parts, it is believed that its corresponding adjacent interval
Illuminance and temperature approximation are constant；
Second step：Measurement apparatus sampled I r, T, I and V are gathered, control device detection Ir and T falls in corresponding PM_TEMPWith
VM_TEMP, and calculate P=I*V；
3rd step：Judge P≤PM_TEMPWhether it is true, is true, then performs the 4th step；Otherwise, the 5th step is performed；
4th step：P and V value is assigned to corresponding P respectivelyM_TEMPAnd VM_TEMP, and keep gate-controlled switch state constant；
5th step：Judge P>PM_TEMPWhether it is true, is true, then performs the 6th step, otherwise perform the 7th step；
6th step：Gate-controlled switch is closed, by a sampling time, returns to second step；
7th step：Gate-controlled switch is disconnected, by a sampling time, returns to second step.
Further, P in the 4th stepM_TEMPAnd VM_TEMPIt is assigned, it is believed that the power of photovoltaic array output is close
Peak power, keep gate-controlled switch state constant, be to maintain this close trend.
Further, gate-controlled switch is closed in the 6th step and the 7th step and disconnects gate-controlled switch, is so that photovoltaic battle array
The output voltage V of row is close to VM_TEMP, and VM_TEMPIt is close to VM, so final V is close to VM, wherein PMPPFor under all situations
Peak power, VMFor PMPPCorresponding voltage.
Compared with prior art, beneficial effects of the present invention include：
1st, not only can realize maximal power tracing in normal situation, and environment (illumination and temperature) quickly change or
Abruptly-changing system also can quickly realize tracking, and response speed is quickly.
2nd, algorithm is succinct, and circuit topology is simple.
3rd, except sampling time no other treat setting parameter, convenient transplanting and commercial production in algorithm.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is to be based on environmental suitability self study photovoltaic MPPT system block diagrams.
Fig. 2 is to be based on environmental suitability self study photovoltaic MPPT method control flow charts.
Fig. 3 a are illustrated in different irradiation level and temperature, PV plate power outputs PPVSchematic diagram.
Fig. 3 b are illustrated in different irradiation level and temperature, PV plate corresponding voltages VPVSchematic diagram.
Fig. 4 a are irradiation level Ir change (mutation) schematic diagram.
Fig. 4 b are temperature T change (mutation) schematic diagram.
Fig. 5 a are illustrated in Ir and T such as Fig. 4 a, when 4b is inputted, photovoltaic panel power output PPVResult schematic diagram.
Fig. 5 b are illustrated in Ir and T such as Fig. 4 a, when 4b is inputted, photovoltaic panel voltage VPVResult schematic diagram.
Shown in figure：1- photovoltaic arrays, 2- diodes, 3- super capacitors, 4- gate-controlled switches, 5- regulation resistances, 6- collections
Measurement apparatus, 7- control devices.
Embodiment
With reference to embodiment and accompanying drawing, the present invention is described in further detail, but embodiments of the present invention are unlimited
In this.
Embodiment
As shown in figure 1, a kind of be based on environmental suitability self study maximum photovoltaic power point tracks of device, including：Photovoltaic battle array
Row 1, diode 2, super capacitor 3, gate-controlled switch 4, regulation resistance 5, collection measurement apparatus 6, control device 7.
The photovoltaic array 1, diode 2, super capacitor 3, gate-controlled switch 4, regulation resistance 5 are sequentially connected；
The photovoltaic array 1, its power sent are target control objects；
The diode 2, for protecting photovoltaic array 1；
The regulation resistance 5, meets R≤V2 M/PMPP, wherein PMPPFor the peak power under all situations, VMFor PMPPInstitute is right
The voltage answered；
Assuming that the diode 2 is ideal diode then the both end voltage V of photovoltaic array 1 and the both end voltage phase of super capacitor 3
Deng；
The collection measurement apparatus 6, for measuring both end voltage V, the light of the main line electric current I of photovoltaic array 1, photovoltaic array 1
According to intensity I r, photovoltaic array surface temperature T；
The control device 7, exports low and high level, and control gate-controlled switch 4 is opened and broken；
Have to the super capacitor 3：
To the common node of the diode 2, super capacitor 3 and regulation resistance 5 by Kirchhoff's law：
IC=I-SIR (2)
Wherein I is the main line electric current of photovoltaic array 1 (electric current for flowing through diode 2) IRFlow through the electric current of regulation resistance 5, IR=
V/R；S=1,0 corresponds to gate-controlled switch 4 and disconnects and close respectively.
Described control device 7 uses single-chip microcomputer.
In a sampling time Δ t, the variation delta V that the both end voltage V of photovoltaic array 1 can be obtained by formula (1) and formula (2) can
To be expressed as：Δ V=(I-SIR) C Δ t, as S=0, Δ V=IC Δs t>0, super capacitor C3 is electrically charged, V increases；When
During S=1, Δ V=(I-IR) C Δ t, less regulation resistance 5 is chosen in the present invention so that R≤V2 M/PMPP, it is therefore an objective to really
Protect I<IR, then Δ V<0, super capacitor 3 is that regulation resistance 5 is discharged in such cases, and V reduces.V during S=0 in brief
Increase, V reduces during S=1.
As shown in Fig. 2 a kind of be based on environmental suitability self study maximum photovoltaic power point tracking, including following step
Suddenly：
The first step：Initialization, companion matrix P is setM_TEMPAnd VM_TEMP(initial value 0), for store different temperatures and
PV plates MPP under illuminance, as shown in table 1, temperature and illuminance are divided enough parts, it is believed that its corresponding adjacent interval
Illuminance and temperature approximation are constant；
Table 1：MPP inquiry tables under varying environment
Second step：Measurement apparatus 6 sampled I r, T, I and V are gathered, control device 7 detects Ir and T and fallen in corresponding PM_TEMPWith
PM_TEMP, and calculate P=I*V；
3rd step：Judge P≤PM_TEMPWhether it is true, is true, then performs the 4th step；Otherwise, the 5th step is performed；
4th step：P and V value is assigned to corresponding P respectivelyM_TEMPAnd VM_TEMP, and keep the state of gate-controlled switch 4 constant；
5th step：Judge V>VM_TEMPWhether it is true, is true, then performs the 6th step, otherwise perform the 7th step；
6th step：Gate-controlled switch 4 is closed, by a sampling time, returns to second step；
7th step：Gate-controlled switch 4 is disconnected, by a sampling time, returns to second step.
Specifically, P in the 4th stepM_TEMPAnd VM_TEMPIt is assigned, it is believed that the power of photovoltaic array output is close
Peak power, keep the state of gate-controlled switch 4 constant, be to maintain this close trend；
Specifically, gate-controlled switch 4 and disconnection gate-controlled switch 4 are closed in the 6th step and the 7th step, is so that photovoltaic array
Output voltage V is close to VM_TEMP, and VM_TEMPIt is close to VM, so final V is close to VM；
Specifically：A new MPPT system model, PV plates (Array type are established in MATLAB/Simulink:
SunPower SPR-315E-WHT-D；1Series modules；1Parallel strings) module that is carried using system,
Module section parameter is as shown in table 2.Circuit parameter：C=0.005F, R=2 Ω；Sampling time Δ t=50 μ s.Fig. 3 a, b displayings
Ir=500W/m2, T=20 DEG C, Ir=1000W/m2, T=25 DEG C, Ir=1500W/m2, T=30 DEG C, Ir=2500W/m2, T
At=45 DEG C, PV plate power outputs PPVAnd its corresponding voltage VPVResult.Fig. 4 a, 4b are that Ir and T changes (mutation) mode；Figure
5a, 5b are illustrated in Ir and T such as Fig. 4 a, when 4b is inputted, photovoltaic panel power output PPVWith voltage VPVResult.Comparison diagram 3a and
Fig. 5 a can be seen that when irradiation level is from 1000W/m2It is mutated 1500W/m2, temperature from 25 DEG C mutation to 30 DEG C when, system only passes through
Cross 1ms and reach stable state, explanation system has good environmental suitability.
Table 2：PV plate module partial parameters
| Maximum Power(W) | 315.072 |
| Voltage at maximum power point VM(V) | 54.7 |
| Open circuit voltage Voc(V) | 64.6 |
| Short-circuit current Isc(A) | 6.14 |
| Temperature coefficient of Voc (%/deg.C) | -0.27269 |
| Temperature coefficient of Isc (%/deg.C) | 0.061694 |
Above-described embodiment is the preferable embodiment of the present invention, but embodiments of the present invention are not by above-described embodiment
Limitation, other any Spirit Essences without departing from the present invention with made under principle change, modification, replacement, combine, simplification,
Equivalent substitute mode is should be, is included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. one kind is based on environmental suitability self study maximum photovoltaic power point tracks of device, it is characterised in that including：Photovoltaic array
(1), diode (2), super capacitor (3), gate-controlled switch (4), regulation resistance (5), collection measurement apparatus (6), control device
(7)；The photovoltaic array (1), diode (2), super capacitor (3), gate-controlled switch (4), regulation resistance (5) are sequentially connected；Institute
It is target control object to state the power that photovoltaic array (1) is sent；The diode (2) is used to protect photovoltaic array (1)；Assuming that institute
It is ideal diode to state diode (2), then photovoltaic array (1) both end voltage V and super capacitor (3) both end voltage are equal；It is described
Collection measurement apparatus (6) is used to measure photovoltaic array (1) main line electric current I, the both end voltage V of photovoltaic array (1), intensity of illumination
Ir, photovoltaic array surface temperature T；The control device (7) exports low and high level, and control gate-controlled switch (4) is opened and broken.
2. according to claim 1 be based on environmental suitability self study maximum photovoltaic power point tracks of device, its feature exists
In：The resistance value R of the regulation resistance (5) meets：
R≦V2 M/PMPP,
Wherein PMPPFor the peak power under all situations, VMFor PMPPCorresponding voltage.
3. according to claim 2 be based on environmental suitability self study maximum photovoltaic power point tracks of device, its feature exists
In：The capacitance C of the super capacitor (3) meets：
<mrow>
<msub>
<mi>I</mi>
<mi>C</mi>
</msub>
<mo>=</mo>
<mi>C</mi>
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<mi>d</mi>
<mi>V</mi>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mi>d</mi>
<mi>t</mi>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
<mo>,</mo>
</mrow>
The common node of the diode (2), super capacitor (3) and regulation resistance (5) is obtained by Kirchhoff's law：
IC=I-SIR,
Wherein I is photovoltaic array main line electric current, IRTo flow through the electric current of regulation resistance (5), ICTo flow through the electricity of super capacitor (3)
Stream, IR=V/R；S=1,0 corresponds to gate-controlled switch and disconnects and close respectively.
4. according to claim 2 be based on environmental suitability self study maximum photovoltaic power point tracks of device, its feature exists
In：Described control device (7) uses single-chip microcomputer.
5. a kind of maximum photovoltaic power point tracking based on device any one of Claims 1-4, including following step
Suddenly：
The first step：Initialization, companion matrix P is setM_TEMPAnd VM_TEMP, for storing PV plates MPP under different temperatures and illuminance,
Temperature and illuminance controlled device (7) divide enough parts, it is believed that its corresponding adjacent interval illuminance and temperature are near
Like constant；
Second step：Measurement apparatus (6) sampled I r, T, I and V is gathered, control device (7) detection Ir and T falls in corresponding PM_TEMPWith
VM_TEMP, and calculate P=I*V；
3rd step：Judge P≤PM_TEMPWhether it is true, is true, then performs the 4th step；Otherwise, the 5th step is performed；
4th step：P and V value is assigned to corresponding P respectivelyM_TEMPAnd VM_TEMP, and keep gate-controlled switch state constant；
5th step：Judge P>PM_TEMPWhether it is true, is true, then performs the 6th step, otherwise perform the 7th step；
6th step：Gate-controlled switch (4) is closed, by a sampling time, returns to second step；
7th step：Gate-controlled switch (4) is disconnected, by a sampling time, returns to second step.
6. maximum photovoltaic power point tracking according to claim 5, it is characterised in that：P in 4th stepM_TEMP
And VM_TEMPIt is assigned, it is believed that the power of photovoltaic array (1) output keeps gate-controlled switch (4) state not close to peak power
Become, be to maintain this close trend.
7. maximum photovoltaic power point tracking according to claim 5, it is characterised in that：6th step and the 7th step
Middle closure gate-controlled switch (4) and disconnection gate-controlled switch (4), are so that the output voltage V of photovoltaic array (1) close to VM_TEMP, and
VM_TEMPIt is close to VM, so final V is close to VM, wherein PMPPFor the peak power under all situations, VMFor PMPPCorresponding
Voltage.
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| CN105373183B (en) * | 2015-10-20 | 2017-03-22 | 同济大学 | Method for tracking whole-situation maximum power point in photovoltaic array |
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