CN106053267A - Experiment device and method adopting resonance vibration to measure Young modulus of metal wire - Google Patents
Experiment device and method adopting resonance vibration to measure Young modulus of metal wire Download PDFInfo
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- CN106053267A CN106053267A CN201610323087.5A CN201610323087A CN106053267A CN 106053267 A CN106053267 A CN 106053267A CN 201610323087 A CN201610323087 A CN 201610323087A CN 106053267 A CN106053267 A CN 106053267A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/32—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying repeated or pulsating forces
- G01N3/34—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying repeated or pulsating forces generated by mechanical means, e.g. hammer blows
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- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
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- G09B23/00—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes
- G09B23/06—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes for physics
- G09B23/08—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes for physics for statics or dynamics
- G09B23/10—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes for physics for statics or dynamics of solid bodies
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- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0001—Type of application of the stress
- G01N2203/0005—Repeated or cyclic
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0014—Type of force applied
- G01N2203/0016—Tensile or compressive
- G01N2203/0017—Tensile
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- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
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- G01N2203/003—Generation of the force
- G01N2203/0032—Generation of the force using mechanical means
- G01N2203/0039—Hammer or pendulum
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0058—Kind of property studied
- G01N2203/0069—Fatigue, creep, strain-stress relations or elastic constants
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/026—Specifications of the specimen
- G01N2203/0262—Shape of the specimen
- G01N2203/0278—Thin specimens
- G01N2203/028—One dimensional, e.g. filaments, wires, ropes or cables
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Abstract
The invention provides an experiment device and method adopting resonance vibration to measure the Young modulus of a metal wire, relates to a Young modulus measuring device and method, and aims to solve problems that in the conventional university physical experiments, the experiment principle for measuring metal wire Young modulus is single and abstract, and the telescope is hard to adjust. The device comprises a crossbeam, which is arranged on the upper end of a support. An upper clamping head and a force sensitive sensor are arranged on the middle of the crossbeam. Two ends of a metal wire are respectively connected to the force sensitive sensor and a lower clamping head. The lower clamping head and a metal frame are fixed together, and an iron block is fixed in the metal frame. A measuring device is composed of a differential bridge composed of four magnetic sensitive resistors, an adjustable alternating voltage source, a voltage amplifying device, and a digital oscilloscope. The period of voltage waveform output by the differential bridge with periodic changes is measured by the digital oscilloscope to obtain the period of a metal wire spring oscillator that performs simple resonance vibration. The period of the metal wire spring oscillator is substituted into a formula to calculate the Young modulus of the metal wire. The provided method is suitable for measuring the Young modulus of a metal wire.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of Experiment of College Physics device, be specifically related to a kind of employing simple harmonic oscillation and survey tinsel Young
The experimental provision of modulus and method.
Background technology
Under external force, the change of shape that solid is occurred, referred to as deformation.It can be divided into elastic deformation and plastic deformation
Two classes.External force removes the complete restorable deformation of energy of rear object, referred to as elastic deformation.If the external force mistake being added on object
Greatly, so that after external force is removed, object can not restore to the original state completely, and leaves residual deformation, the most referred to as plastic deformation.In this reality
In testing, only study elastic deformation.To this end, the size of external force should be controlled, with ensure this external force remove after object resilient.
Simplest deformation is bar-like object (or tinsel) by the elongation after external force and shortening.If an a length of L of object, sectional area is S,
Along its length after force F, object elongation (or shortening) is Δ L.Ratio F/S is the active force in unit are, is referred to as stressing,
Which determine the deformation of object；Ratios delta L/L is the specific elongation of object, referred to as strain, and it represents the size of object deformation.Press
According to Hooke's law, the elastic limit internal stress at object is directly proportional to strain, proportionality coefficientIt is referred to as poplar
Family name's modulus.
Experiment shows, Young's modulus is unrelated with the size of external force F, length L of object and sectional area S, and is solely dependent upon rod
The material of (or tinsel).Young's modulus is to describe an important mechanics parameter of solid material elastic deformation ability, is selected
One of foundation of mechanical component material, is parameter conventional in engineering.No matter it is elastomeric material, such as various metal materials,
Or fragile material, such as glass, pottery etc., or other various new materials, such as fiberglass, carbon fibre composite etc., for
Ensure the use of normal safe, will measure their Young's modulus.For a long time, the Young's modulus measuring material is generally adopted
Use static stretch method, typically carry out on universal testing machine.This method load is big, and loading velocity is slow, there is relaxation mistake
Journey, can increase measurement error, and be difficult to fragile material measure, and measures also inconvenient under condition of different temperatures.20th century
The eighties, there are people's laser-holographic interferometry and laser speckle photography method that the Young's modulus of the carbon composite of aerospace field is entered
Row is measured, and carrys out the impact on Young's modulus of the research material defect with this, achieves good effect.The nineties in 20th century, power
Learn Young's modulus measuring method i.e. hang wire flexural resonance method to recommend to perform as national technical standard.This method can be
Measure the Young's modulus of various material in the range of bigger high/low temperature, and certainty of measurement is higher.Static method except static stretch method,
Also have static twist method, the method for Static bending etc.；Dynamic method except lateral resonance, also longitudinal resonance, torsional resonance etc..Additionally also
Wave speed measurement method can be used, utilize continuous wave or impulse wave to measure Young's modulus.
Although kinetics Young's modulus measuring method i.e. hang wire flexural resonance method has many good qualities, but due to theory
Formula is complicated, and principle is the most readily understood, and equipment is the most more complicated, and experiment difficulty is big, therefore in Experiment of College Physics at present frequently with
Static stretch method surveys tinsel Young's modulus, measures Chroococcus minutus Δ L wiry according to optical lever amplification principle, in recent years
Also there are the some other more advanced micro-displacement measurement method of employing, such as current vortex sensor method, Michelson interference
Instrument method, optical fibre displacement sensor method etc. measure Chroococcus minutus Δ L wiry, thus calculate tinsel Young's modulus.
At present in Experiment of College Physics, the experimental project of Module by Stretching silk Young's modulus is primarily present following deficiency:
One, generally uses static stretch method to survey tinsel Young's modulus, and principle is more single.
Its two, according to optical lever amplification principle, the amplification system consisted of optical lever, telescope and scale measures metal
The Chroococcus minutus of silk, although method is ingenious, but principle is more abstract, the most readily understood, and telescopical regulation difficulty is bigger,
Points for attention are the most, and directly utilize telescope to carry out observing measurement by human eye, are very easy to fatigue, easily by data
Mistake, affect the accuracy of measurement result.
Its three, general use counterweight to apply pulling force to tinsel, calculate pulling force with the nominal mass of counterweight inaccurate, thus
Affect the accuracy of experimental result.
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome the above-mentioned deficiency of prior art, the present invention proposes a kind of employing simple harmonic oscillation and surveys tinsel Young's modulus
Experimental provision and method, experimental principle of the present invention is easily understood, and wire spring oscillator is done simple harmonic quantity and shakes by described experimental provision
Dynamic cycle T, is converted to the cycle T of periodically variable bridge output voltage by mistor, after amplified device amplifies,
Waveform shows on digital oscilloscope, observes the waveform of bridge output voltage, measures its cycle T, and experimental phenomena is directly perceived, sees
Examine with measure more convenient.The wire spring oscillator using electromagnet apparatus to make iron block and tinsel constitute does simple harmonic oscillation,
Easy to operate.Measure pulling force size suffered by tinsel by force-sensing sensor, and shown by force-sensing sensor measurement display screen
Out, pulling force suffered by tinsel can conveniently be monitored, it is to avoid exceed elastic limit；By surveying wire spring oscillator lower end direct bearing
Gravity suffered by object, and then obtain its quality m, accurately facilitate.
The present invention solves the experimental provision using simple harmonic oscillation to survey tinsel Young's modulus of its technical problem: be included in
Arranging support on bracket base, pedestal upper end arranges crossbeam, arranges upper grip and force-sensing sensor, tinsel one end in the middle of crossbeam
Being connected with upper grip and force-sensing sensor, the other end is connected with lower chuck, and lower chuck and a metal framework are fixed together, metal
Lower portion fixes an iron block, arranges electromagnet apparatus below metal framework.Force-sensing sensor passes through interface and force-sensing sensor
Mersure Controler is connected, and force-sensing sensor is used for measuring pulling force size suffered by tinsel, and can be measured aobvious by force-sensing sensor
Display screen shows.Electromagnet apparatus is used for applying pulling force in iron block to tinsel by magneticaction, then discharges, so that
The iron block being fixed together and metal framework do simple harmonic oscillation under tinsel effect, and can pass through electromagnet apparatus operating current
Adjusting knob regulation pulling force size.The two identical Magnet of block specifications are separately positioned on metal framework two sides, can be with metal
Framework moves up and down, and four identical mistors of specification are separately positioned on four fixtures, and fixture is rack-mount,
Fixture can move to change position along support.By four mistors respectively as four brachium pontis of electric bridge, constitute one differential
Electric bridge, is provided power supply, the sinusoidal signal voltage amplitude of adjustable alternating-current voltage source output and frequency by adjustable alternating-current voltage source to electric bridge
Rate size can be adjusted by knob, and can show on adjustable alternating-current voltage source display screen.The outfan of electric bridge
Concatenation operation amplifier one, as a backward voltage amplifier, voltage amplification factor can be by changing adjustable feedback resistance
And the size of adjustable input resistance is adjusted, the output voltage of electric bridge is amplified, then puts through the computing as output buffer
Big device two exports, and operational amplifier two is connected with digital oscilloscope by interface, and digital oscilloscope can be by the electric bridge after amplifying
The waveform of output voltage shows, observes and measures.
Employing simple harmonic oscillation of the present invention is surveyed the experimental provision of tinsel Young's modulus and is surveyed tinsel Young's modulus
Experimental technique, the detailed process of the method comprises the following steps:
Step one, by observe bracket base level gauge, the bracket base leveling serew on adjusting pole base, make support
Base level；
Step 2, along support movable clamp, make Magnet one be positioned in the middle of mistor one and mistor two, make Magnet two
It is positioned in the middle of mistor three and mistor four, is entered by adjustable alternating-current voltage source voltage-regulation knob and frequency adjusting knob
Row regulation, the sinusoidal signal voltage amplitude exported by adjustable alternating-current voltage source and frequency regulation are suitable, by changing adjustable feedback
It is suitable that the voltage amplification factor of operational amplifier one is regulated by the size of resistance and adjustable input resistance, will by digital oscilloscope
The waveform of the bridge output voltage after amplification shows, observes the electric bridge output electricity after amplifying by digital oscilloscope display screen
The waveform of pressure, further along support movable clamp, carefully adjusts mistor one, mistor two, mistor three and magnetosensitive
The position of resistance four, making bridge output voltage is zero, and now Magnet one is positioned at the middle of mistor one and mistor two,
Magnet two is positioned at mistor three and the middle of mistor four；
Step 3, make electromagnet apparatus work, apply pulling force in iron block to tinsel by magneticaction, by regulation electricity
Magnet arrangement operating current, makes pulling force size to fit, then makes electromagnet apparatus quit work, so that the ferrum being fixed together
The wire spring oscillator that block and metal framework and tinsel are constituted starts to do simple harmonic oscillation, drives at iron block and metal framework
Under, Magnet one and Magnet two do simple harmonic oscillation, therefore mistor one, mistor two, mistor three and magnetic the most up and down
Magnetic induction cyclically-varying the most therewith suffered by quick resistance four, the cyclically-varying therewith of the resistance of four mistors,
So that bridge output voltage the most periodically changes；
Step 4, this periodically variable bridge output voltage are after operational amplifier one amplifies, then through slow as output
Rushing operational amplifier two output of device, waveform shows on digital oscilloscope, observes and put on digital oscilloscope display screen
The waveform of the bridge output voltage after great, measures its cycle T, and the iron block being i.e. fixed together and metal framework are constituted with tinsel
Wire spring oscillator do the cycle T of simple harmonic oscillation；
Step 5, make wire spring oscillator stop vibration, treat stable after, measure tinsel institute by force-sensing sensor
By pulling force size, and shown by force-sensing sensor measurement display screen, it is simply that the thing of wire spring oscillator lower end direct bearing
Gravity suffered by body, and then its quality m can be obtained；
Step 6, measure length L wiry between force-sensing sensor and lower chuck with meter ruler, measure tinsel with micrometer
Diameter d, and calculate its sectional area
Step 7, by length L wiry, sectional area S, quality m of wire spring oscillator lower end direct bearing object, and
Wire spring oscillator does the cycle T of simple harmonic oscillation and substitutes into formulaYoung's modulus Y wiry can be obtained.
The theoretical basis of employing simple harmonic oscillation survey tinsel Young's modulus:
If an a length of L of tinsel, sectional area is S, and Young's modulus is Y, applies pulling force F, wire elongation along its length
Amount is the active force in unit are for Δ L, ratio F/S, is referred to as stressing, which determines deformation wiry；Ratios delta L/L is
Specific elongation wiry, referred to as strain, it represents the size of tinsel deformation.According to Hooke's law, in elasticity wiry
Limit internal stress is directly proportional to strain, proportionality coefficient i.e. Young's modulus Y, i.e.
(1) formula is become
According to (2) formula as, this tinsel can be regarded a coefficient of elasticitySpring.This wire spring is erected
Directly hanging, the object that a mass is m is fastened in lower end, then wire spring and this object constitute a wire spring oscillator, and giving should
System applies certain pulling force, then discharges, then in the vertical direction is done simple harmonic oscillation by object, and its cycle can be by spring oscillator
Period Formula is obtained, i.e.
By the coefficient of elasticity of wire spring(3) formula of substitution, can do simple harmonic oscillation by this wire spring oscillator
Time cycle be
According to (4) formula, Young's modulus Y wiry can be obtained, i.e.
According to (5) formula, as long as measuring length L wiry, sectional area S, the object that wire spring oscillator lower end is fastened
Quality m, and cycle T when wire spring oscillator does simple harmonic oscillation, it is possible to substitute into formula and obtain Young wiry
Modulus Y.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
One, the present invention proposes a kind of new method using simple harmonic oscillation to survey tinsel Young's modulus, and the method is with logical
Frequently with the static stretch method surveying tinsel Young's modulus to there is essence different, and the experimental principle of the method institute foundation
The simplest, it is simply that common mass-spring model, high school physics class just has been directed to correlation formula, in course of University Physics also
There is detailed analysis, be easily understood.If this invention be incorporated in Physical Experiments, it is remarkably contributing to abundant university thing
Reason experiment content, the thinking of open student, the initiative spirit of training student, strengthen student and use knowledge to solve the energy of problem flexibly
Power.
Its two, the experimental provision that tinsel Young's modulus is surveyed in simple harmonic oscillation that what the present invention proposed use is the most uncomplicated, existing
Improve a little on the basis of having experimental provision, be easier to realize.
Its three, wire spring oscillator is done the cycle T of simple harmonic oscillation by the experimental provision that the present invention proposes, by magnetosensitive electricity
Resistance is converted to the cycle T of periodically variable bridge output voltage, and after amplified device amplifies, waveform is aobvious on digital oscilloscope
Illustrating, observing the waveform of bridge output voltage, measure its cycle T, experimental phenomena is directly perceived, observe with measure more convenient.
Its four, the experimental provision that the present invention proposes uses electromagnet apparatus to make the wire spring that iron block and tinsel are constituted
Oscillator does simple harmonic oscillation, easy to operate.
Its five, the experimental provision that the present invention proposes measures pulling force size suffered by tinsel by force-sensing sensor, and leads to
Cross force-sensing sensor measurement display screen to show, can conveniently monitor pulling force suffered by tinsel, it is to avoid exceed elastic limit；Pass through
Survey the gravity suffered by object of wire spring oscillator lower end direct bearing, and then obtain its quality m, accurately facilitate.
Accompanying drawing explanation
The present invention is further described with embodiment below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is the structural representation one of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the structural representation two of the present invention.
1. crossbeam in figure, 2. upper grip, 3. force-sensing sensor, 4. support, 5. bracket base leveling serew, 6. bracket base
Level gauge, 7. bracket base, 8. force-sensing sensor Mersure Controler, 9. force-sensing sensor measures display screen, 10. force-sensing sensor
Zeroing knob, 11. force-sensing sensors measurement startup buttons, 12. tinsels, 13. lower chucks, 14. metal frameworks, 15. iron blocks,
16. electromagnet apparatus, 17. electromagnet apparatus operating current adjusting knobs, 18. electromagnet apparatus switch keys, 19. mistors
One, 20. mistors two, 21. mistors three, 22. mistors four, 23. Magnet one, 24. Magnet two, 25. adjustable exchanges
Voltage source, 26. adjustable alternating-current voltage source display screens, 27. adjustable alternating-current voltage source voltage-regulation knobs, 28. adjustable alternating voltages
Source frequency adjusting knob, 29. adjustable alternating-current voltage source function switching keys, 30. adjustable feedback resistance, 31. operational amplifiers one,
32. adjustable input resistances, 33. operational amplifiers two, 34. digital oscilloscopes, 35. digital oscilloscope display screens, 36. numeral oscillographys
Device switch key.
Detailed description of the invention
In figure, arranging support 4 on bracket base 7, support 4 upper end arranges crossbeam 1, arrange in the middle of crossbeam 1 upper grip 2 and
Force-sensing sensor 3, tinsel 12 one end is connected with upper grip 2 and force-sensing sensor 3, and the other end is connected with lower chuck 13, lower folder
13 are fixed together with a metal framework 14, and metal framework 14 is internal fixes an iron block 15, arranges electricity below metal framework 14
Magnet arrangement 16.Force-sensing sensor 3 is connected with force-sensing sensor Mersure Controler 8 by interface, and force-sensing sensor 3 is used for measuring
Pulling force size suffered by tinsel 12, and can be shown by force-sensing sensor measurement display screen 9.Electromagnet apparatus 16 is used for leading to
Cross magneticaction and apply pulling force in iron block 15 to tinsel 12, then discharge, so that the iron block 15 being fixed together and metal
Framework 14 does simple harmonic oscillation under tinsel 12 acts on, and can regulate pulling force by electromagnet apparatus operating current adjusting knob 17
Size.The two i.e. Magnet 1 of the identical Magnet of block specifications and Magnet 2 24 are separately positioned on metal framework 14 two sides, can
Move up and down with metal framework 14, four the i.e. mistors 1 of the identical mistor of specification, mistor 2 20, magnetic
Quick resistance 3 21 and mistor 4 22 are separately positioned on four fixtures, and fixture is arranged on support 4, and fixture can be along support 4
Mobile to change position.By four mistors i.e. mistor 1, mistor 2 20, mistor 3 21 and magnetosensitive electricity
Hinder 4 22 respectively as four brachium pontis of electric bridge, constitute a differential bridge, adjustable alternating-current voltage source 25 provide electricity to electric bridge
Source, sinusoidal signal voltage amplitude and the frequency size of the output of adjustable alternating-current voltage source 25 can pass through adjustable alternating-current voltage source respectively
Voltage-regulation knob 27 and adjustable alternating voltage source frequency adjusting knob are adjusted 28 and are adjusted, and can be at adjustable alternating current
Show on potential source display screen 26.The outfan concatenation operation amplifier 1 of electric bridge, operational amplifier 1 is as one
Backward voltage amplifier, voltage amplification factor can be entered by the size changing adjustable feedback resistance 30 and adjustable input resistance 32
Row regulation, amplifies the output voltage of electric bridge, then exports through the operational amplifier 2 33 as output buffer, operational amplifier
2 33 are connected with digital oscilloscope 34 by interface, and the waveform of the bridge output voltage after amplifying can be shown by digital oscilloscope 34
Illustrate, observe and measure.
Specific experiment operating procedure is:
(1) by observing bracket base level gauge 6, the bracket base leveling serew 5 on adjusting pole base 7, support is made
Base 7 level.
(2) along support 4 movable clamp, make Magnet 1 be positioned at mistor 1 middle with mistor 2 20, make magnetic
Ferrum 2 24 is positioned in the middle of mistor 3 21 and mistor 4 22, by adjustable alternating-current voltage source function switching key 29,
Sinusoidal signal voltage amplitude and frequency that adjustable alternating-current voltage source 25 exports is shown respectively on adjustable alternating-current voltage source display screen 26
Size, is adjusted by adjustable alternating-current voltage source voltage-regulation knob 27 and adjustable alternating voltage source frequency adjusting knob 28,
The sinusoidal signal voltage amplitude exported by adjustable alternating-current voltage source 25 and frequency regulation are suitable.By changing adjustable feedback resistance 30
And the size of adjustable input resistance 32 voltage amplification factor of operational amplifier 1 is regulated suitable, by digital oscilloscope 34
The waveform of the bridge output voltage after amplifying shows.The electric bridge observed after amplifying by digital oscilloscope display screen 35 is defeated
Go out the waveform of voltage, further along support 4 movable clamp, carefully adjust mistor 1, mistor 2 20, mistor
3 21 and the position of mistor 4 22, making bridge output voltage is zero, and now Magnet 1 is positioned at mistor 1 and magnetic
The middle of quick resistance 2 20, Magnet 2 24 is positioned at mistor 3 21 and the middle of mistor 4 22.
(3) make electromagnet apparatus 16 work by electromagnet apparatus switch key 18, given in iron block 15 by magneticaction
Tinsel 12 applies pulling force, and observes pulling force size suffered by tinsel 12, by regulation by force-sensing sensor measurement display screen 9
The operating current of electromagnet apparatus operating current adjusting knob 17 regulating magnet device 16, makes pulling force size to fit, then leads to
Crossing electromagnet apparatus switch key 18 makes electromagnet apparatus 16 quit work, so that the iron block 15 being fixed together and metal frame
The wire spring oscillator that frame 14 is constituted with tinsel 12 starts to do simple harmonic oscillation, under iron block 15 and metal framework 14 drive,
Magnet 1 and Magnet 2 24 do simple harmonic oscillation, therefore mistor 1, mistor 2 20, mistor three the most up and down
21 and mistor 4 22 suffered by magnetic induction cyclically-varying the most therewith, the resistance of four mistors cycle therewith
Property change so that bridge output voltage the most periodically changes.
(4) this periodically variable bridge output voltage is after operational amplifier 1 amplifies, then through as output buffering
Operational amplifier 2 33 output of device, waveform shows on digital oscilloscope 34, sees on digital oscilloscope display screen 35
Examine the waveform of the bridge output voltage after amplification, measure its cycle T, the iron block 15 being i.e. fixed together and metal framework 14 and gold
The wire spring oscillator belonging to silk 12 composition does the cycle T of simple harmonic oscillation.
(5) make wire spring oscillator stop vibration, after waiting to stablize, measure tinsel 12 institute by force-sensing sensor 3
By pulling force size, and shown by force-sensing sensor measurement display screen 9, it is simply that the thing of wire spring oscillator lower end direct bearing
Gravity suffered by body, and then its quality m can be obtained.
(6) measure length L of tinsel 12 between force-sensing sensor 3 and lower chuck 13 with meter ruler, measure metal with micrometer
The diameter d of silk 12, and calculate its sectional area
(7) by length L of tinsel 12, sectional area S, quality m of wire spring oscillator lower end direct bearing object, Yi Jijin
Belong to silk spring oscillator and do the cycle T substitution formula of simple harmonic oscillationYoung's modulus Y wiry can be obtained.
Above the present invention is set forth, but the most conditional intention of embodiment that the present invention is introduced, not
Deviating from the range of present subject matter, the present invention can have multiple changing and modifications.
Claims (2)
1. one kind uses the experimental provision that tinsel Young's modulus is surveyed in simple harmonic oscillation, it is characterised in that it is included in bracket base
On support is set, pedestal upper end arranges crossbeam, arranges upper grip and force-sensing sensor, tinsel one end and upper grip in the middle of crossbeam
And force-sensing sensor is connected, the other end is connected with lower chuck, and lower chuck and a metal framework are fixed together, inside metal framework
Fix an iron block, electromagnet apparatus is set below metal framework；Force-sensing sensor measures control by interface with force-sensing sensor
Device is connected, and force-sensing sensor is used for measuring pulling force size suffered by tinsel, and can be shown by force-sensing sensor measurement display screen
Out；Electromagnet apparatus is used for applying pulling force in iron block to tinsel by magneticaction, then discharges, so that being fixed on one
The iron block played and metal framework do simple harmonic oscillation under tinsel effect, and can pass through electromagnet apparatus operating current adjusting knob
Regulation pulling force size；The two identical Magnet of block specifications are separately positioned on metal framework two sides, can be upper and lower with metal framework
Mobile, four identical mistors of specification are separately positioned on four fixtures, and fixture is rack-mount, and fixture can edge
Support moves to change position；
By four mistors respectively as four brachium pontis of electric bridge, constitute a differential bridge, adjustable alternating-current voltage source give
Electric bridge provides power supply, and sinusoidal signal voltage amplitude and the frequency size of the output of adjustable alternating-current voltage source can be adjusted by knob
Joint, and can show on adjustable alternating-current voltage source display screen；The outfan concatenation operation amplifier one of electric bridge, as one
Backward voltage amplifier, voltage amplification factor can be adjusted by the size changing adjustable feedback resistance and adjustable input resistance
Joint, amplifies the output voltage of electric bridge, then exports through the operational amplifier two as output buffer, and operational amplifier two passes through
Interface is connected with digital oscilloscope, and the waveform of the bridge output voltage after amplifying can be shown by digital oscilloscope, carries out
Observe and measure.
Employing simple harmonic oscillation the most according to claim 1 is surveyed the experimental provision of tinsel Young's modulus and is surveyed tinsel Young mould
The experimental technique of amount, it is characterised in that the detailed process of the method comprises the following steps:
Step one, by observe bracket base level gauge, the bracket base leveling serew on adjusting pole base, make bracket base
Level；
Step 2, along support movable clamp, make Magnet one be positioned in the middle of mistor one and mistor two, make Magnet two be positioned at
In the middle of mistor three and mistor four, adjusted by adjustable alternating-current voltage source voltage-regulation knob and frequency adjusting knob
Joint, the sinusoidal signal voltage amplitude exported by adjustable alternating-current voltage source and frequency regulation are suitable, by changing adjustable feedback resistance
And the voltage amplification factor of operational amplifier one is regulated suitable by the size of adjustable input resistance, will be amplified by digital oscilloscope
After the waveform of bridge output voltage show, observe the bridge output voltage after amplifying by digital oscilloscope display screen
Waveform, further along support movable clamp, carefully adjusts mistor one, mistor two, mistor three and mistor
The position of four, making bridge output voltage is zero, and now Magnet one is positioned at the middle of mistor one and mistor two, Magnet
Two middles being positioned at mistor three and mistor four；
Step 3, make electromagnet apparatus work, apply pulling force in iron block to tinsel by magneticaction, pass through regulating magnet
Device operating current, makes pulling force size to fit, then makes electromagnet apparatus quit work so that the iron block being fixed together and
The wire spring oscillator that metal framework is constituted with tinsel starts to do simple harmonic oscillation, under iron block and metal framework drive, and magnetic
Ferrum one and Magnet two do simple harmonic oscillation, therefore mistor one, mistor two, mistor three and mistor the most up and down
The cyclically-varying the most therewith of magnetic induction suffered by four, the cyclically-varying therewith of the resistance of four mistors, so that
Bridge output voltage the most periodically changes；
Step 4, this periodically variable bridge output voltage are after operational amplifier one amplifies, then through as output buffer
Operational amplifier two export, waveform shows on digital oscilloscope, on digital oscilloscope display screen observe amplify after
The waveform of bridge output voltage, measure its cycle T, the gold that the iron block being i.e. fixed together and metal framework are constituted with tinsel
Belong to silk spring oscillator and do the cycle T of simple harmonic oscillation；
Step 5, make wire spring oscillator stop vibration, treat stable after, measure tinsel institute tension by force-sensing sensor
Power size, and shown by force-sensing sensor measurement display screen, it is simply that the object institute of wire spring oscillator lower end direct bearing
The gravity being subject to, and then its quality m can be obtained；
Step 6, measure length L wiry between force-sensing sensor and lower chuck with meter ruler, with micrometer measure wiry directly
Footpath d, and calculate its sectional area
Step 7, by length L wiry, sectional area S, quality m of wire spring oscillator lower end direct bearing object, and metal
Silk spring oscillator does the cycle T of simple harmonic oscillation and substitutes into formulaYoung's modulus Y wiry can be obtained.
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| CN109617009A (en) * | 2018-12-15 | 2019-04-12 | 惠州Tcl移动通信有限公司 | Method for controlling power supply, device and the storage medium of display screen |
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| 周世圆等: "杨氏模量、切变模量测量的通用传感器 ", 《传感器技术》 * |
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