CN106038655A - 一种芜菁挥发油的制备方法及其抗菌应用 - Google Patents

一种芜菁挥发油的制备方法及其抗菌应用 Download PDF

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CN106038655A
CN106038655A CN201610306675.8A CN201610306675A CN106038655A CN 106038655 A CN106038655 A CN 106038655A CN 201610306675 A CN201610306675 A CN 201610306675A CN 106038655 A CN106038655 A CN 106038655A
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volatile oil
brassicae rapae
radix brassicae
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杨成东
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Nanjing Zelang Medical Technology Co Ltd
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K36/00—Medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicines
    • A61K36/18—Magnoliophyta (angiosperms)
    • A61K36/185—Magnoliopsida (dicotyledons)
    • A61K36/31—Brassicaceae or Cruciferae (Mustard family), e.g. broccoli, cabbage or kohlrabi
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11B—PRODUCING, e.g. BY PRESSING RAW MATERIALS OR BY EXTRACTION FROM WASTE MATERIALS, REFINING OR PRESERVING FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES, e.g. LANOLIN, FATTY OILS OR WAXES; ESSENTIAL OILS; PERFUMES
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    • C11B9/025—Recovery by solvent extraction
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A61K2236/00—Isolation or extraction methods of medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicine
    • A61K2236/10—Preparation or pretreatment of starting material
    • A61K2236/15—Preparation or pretreatment of starting material involving mechanical treatment, e.g. chopping up, cutting or grinding
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
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    • A61K2236/00—Isolation or extraction methods of medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicine
    • A61K2236/30—Extraction of the material
    • A61K2236/33—Extraction of the material involving extraction with hydrophilic solvents, e.g. lower alcohols, esters or ketones
    • A61K2236/333—Extraction of the material involving extraction with hydrophilic solvents, e.g. lower alcohols, esters or ketones using mixed solvents, e.g. 70% EtOH
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K2236/00—Isolation or extraction methods of medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicine
    • A61K2236/50—Methods involving additional extraction steps
    • A61K2236/51—Concentration or drying of the extract, e.g. Lyophilisation, freeze-drying or spray-drying
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K2236/00—Isolation or extraction methods of medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicine
    • A61K2236/50—Methods involving additional extraction steps
    • A61K2236/53—Liquid-solid separation, e.g. centrifugation, sedimentation or crystallization

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Abstract

本发明公开了一种芜菁挥发油的制备方法及其抗菌应用。该制备方法包括：将干燥的芜菁根采用植物组织破碎法粉碎；将粉碎后的原料采用超声法提取，离心，取上清液；将所得上清液浓缩至无醇味，浓缩液再经有机溶剂萃取、无水硫酸钠干燥、减压浓缩等步骤，得到芜菁挥发油。所得芜菁挥发油具有显著的抗菌活性，可应用于日化、食品、医药等领域中。

Description

一种芜菁挥发油的制备方法及其抗菌应用
技术领域
本发明涉及一种芜菁挥发油的制备方法及其抗菌应用。
背景技术
高原植物“芜菁”又名蔓菁、圆根、盘菜，为十字花科芸苔属植物，味辛、性温，具有清除体内异常体液、开胸顺气、止咳化痰、利湿解毒预防癌症等功效。近代药理研究还发现，芜菁具有抗衰老、增强机体的免疫功能等功效。芜菁根具有特殊的臭味，是十字花科植物特有的硫苷的味道。
新疆芜菁挥发油中含有异硫氰酸酯、腈类、少量醛和萜类化合物。其中异硫氰酸酯（R—N=C=S）和腈类化合物（R—C=N）具有很强的抗菌和防腐作用。
目前，关于芜菁挥发性成分的提取方法主要有：水蒸气蒸馏法和超临界流体萃取法等，这些方法均存在不足。水蒸气蒸馏法虽方法经典、工艺成熟，但高温易引起热不稳定的化合物分解，收率不高，损失大；而超临界流体萃取法虽环保且提取率较高，但操作步骤繁琐、设备昂贵、维修困难，还易引入塑料增塑剂及提取出蜡质等成分，难于实现工业化生产。
为了克服上述技术缺点，本发明采用植物组织破碎法处理原料，再结合超声波法辅助提取芜菁挥发油，具有工艺简单、反应条件温和、得率高、成本低的优点，适于工业化生产。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种芜菁挥发油的制备方法及其抗菌应用，该挥发油抗菌效果明显。
本发明是通过如下技术方案完成的：
（1）将干燥的芜菁根采用植物组织破碎法粉碎，其中加入原料重量1~2倍的50~60%的乙醇溶液，在转速为1000~2000r/min的条件下提取2~4min；
（2）将粉碎后的原料置于频率为20KHz的超声装置中，加入原料3~5倍的60~70%的乙醇溶液，于70~80℃的条件下提取3~4h，离心，取上清液；
（3）将所得上清液浓缩至无醇味，用有机溶剂萃取2~3次，合并萃取剂，无水硫酸钠干燥脱水、减压浓缩，即得芜菁挥发油。
步骤（3）中所述的有机溶剂为乙醚、石油醚中的任意一种。
本发明所得的芜菁挥发油的抗菌效果实验：
1 材料
1.1 菌种 金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌、枯草杆菌和绿脓杆菌。
1.2 培养基 M-H肉汤培养基加0.3%的琼脂制成半固体培养基。
1.3 试品 上述方法所制备的芜菁挥发油。
2 方法与结果
2.1 MIC的测定 采用微量琼脂稀释法测定MIC。将上述所制备的芜菁挥发油作1:2~256的倍比水稀释，取20µL加入培养孔中，再分别加入用肉汤琼脂稀释的各菌液（107）200µL，混匀，于37℃培养24h，重复试验一次，结果见表1。
表1 芜菁挥发油的最低抑菌浓度试验结果
注：－无细菌生长，+有细菌生长。
3 结论
试验表明，芜菁挥发油16倍稀释后，对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌、枯草杆菌和绿脓杆菌均有显著的抗菌作用；32倍稀释后，对大肠杆菌和绿脓杆菌仍有显著的抗菌作用，且比1%黄连素强。
本发明的有益效果在于：工艺简单，采用植物组织破碎提取法处理原料，整个过程仅在数秒至数十秒内完成，同时由于免去了加热，从而可有效的避免挥发油成分的破坏，再结合超声波的空化作用，有效地提高了芜菁挥发油的溶出率，其得率高、产品品质好。
下面将结合具体实施方式进一步说明本发明，但本发明要求保护的范围并不局限于下列实施方式。
具体实施方式：
实施例1：
将1kg干燥的芜菁根采用植物组织破碎法粉碎，其中加入1L的50%的乙醇溶液，在转速为1000r/min的条件下提取2min；将粉碎后的原料置于频率为20KHz的超声装置中，加入3L的60%的乙醇溶液，于70℃的条件下提取3h，离心，取上清液；将所得上清液浓缩至无醇味，用石油醚萃取2次，合并萃取剂，无水硫酸钠干燥脱水、减压浓缩，即得芜菁挥发油26.7mL。
实施例2：
将1kg干燥的芜菁根采用植物组织破碎法粉碎，其中加入2L的55%的乙醇溶液，在转速为1500r/min的条件下提取4min；将粉碎后的原料置于频率为20KHz的超声装置中，加入5L的65%的乙醇溶液，于75℃的条件下提取3h，离心，取上清液；将所得上清液浓缩至无醇味，用乙醚萃取3次，合并萃取剂，无水硫酸钠干燥脱水、减压浓缩，即得芜菁挥发油28.6mL。
实施例3：
将1kg干燥的芜菁根采用植物组织破碎法粉碎，其中加入2L的60%的乙醇溶液，在转速为2000r/min的条件下提取3min；将粉碎后的原料置于频率为20KHz的超声装置中，加入4L的70%的乙醇溶液，于80℃的条件下提取4h，离心，取上清液；将所得上清液浓缩至无醇味，用石油醚萃取2次，合并萃取剂，无水硫酸钠干燥脱水、减压浓缩，即得芜菁挥发油24.1mL。

Claims (3)

1.一种芜菁挥发油的制备方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
（1）将干燥的芜菁根采用植物组织破碎法粉碎，其中加入原料重量1~2倍的50~60%的乙醇溶液，在转速为1000~2000r/min的条件下提取2~4min；
（2）将粉碎后的原料置于频率为20KHz的超声装置中，加入原料3~5倍的60~70%的乙醇溶液，于70~80℃的条件下提取3~4h，离心，取上清液；
（3）将所得上清液浓缩至无醇味，用有机溶剂萃取2~3次，合并萃取剂，无水硫酸钠干燥脱水、减压浓缩，即得芜菁挥发油。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种芜菁挥发油的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤（3）中所述的有机溶剂为乙醚、石油醚中的任意一种。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述方法制备的芜菁挥发油在制备具有抗菌、杀菌作用的药物中的应用。
CN201610306675.8A 2016-05-11 2016-05-11 一种芜菁挥发油的制备方法及其抗菌应用 Pending CN106038655A (zh)

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN109777622A (zh) * 2019-03-14 2019-05-21 武汉理工大学 一种高效提取网脉橐吾挥发油的工艺
CN113698992A (zh) * 2021-10-12 2021-11-26 浙江海洋大学 一种滨柃精油的制备方法

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN109777622A (zh) * 2019-03-14 2019-05-21 武汉理工大学 一种高效提取网脉橐吾挥发油的工艺
CN113698992A (zh) * 2021-10-12 2021-11-26 浙江海洋大学 一种滨柃精油的制备方法

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