CN106038512B - 一种层层自组装纳米载体及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种层层自组装纳米载体及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN106038512B
CN106038512B CN201610425136.6A CN201610425136A CN106038512B CN 106038512 B CN106038512 B CN 106038512B CN 201610425136 A CN201610425136 A CN 201610425136A CN 106038512 B CN106038512 B CN 106038512B
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刘源岗
王士斌
范静骞
刘瑜璐
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种层层自组装纳米载体及其制备方法,其粒径为100~300nm,并包括一可负载药物的PLGA纳米核心和一依次由聚阳离子电解质和聚阴离子电解质层层自组装而形成的壳层,聚阳离子电解质为聚鸟氨酸,聚阴离子电解质为岩藻聚糖。本发明的层层自组装纳米载体的粒径可控为100‑300nm,粒径分布均匀,纳米的球型度良好,其利用天然的聚鸟氨酸及岩藻聚糖作为聚电解质,以PLGA为核心,所有的材料都具有良好的生物相容性;将抗肿瘤药物负载于核心内部,提高了药物的长效释放及吸收,降低了单纯使用药物的毒副作用。

Description

一种层层自组装纳米载体及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明具体涉及一种层层自组装纳米载体及其制备方法。
背景技术
层层自组装是利用基底从两种或多种聚合物溶液中交替吸附以及其他多价物质之间互补的一种技术,因其能在固体表面生成具有功能性的薄膜,在生物传感、药物、基因传递、再生医学、组织工程以及仿生医学上的应用已经得到认可,而其温和的水反应条件和较高的载药量,已经作为一种新型的药物传递系统应用于纳米医学研究中。在肿瘤治疗领域里,预期的载药纳米粒子需要具备控释、缓释,或者在体内合适的位点响应式地释放不同药物等功能,而利用层层自组装技术多功能的组装性质,当膜材料和组装顺序精确地设计好后,多功能层层自组装纳米粒子就可以按要求制备出来,而安全有效的新型聚电解质材料的寻找一直是研究人员努力的方向。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于克服现有技术缺陷,提供一种层层自组装纳米载体。
本发明的另一目的在于提供上述层层自组装纳米载体的制备方法。
本发明的具体技术方案如下:
一种层层自组装纳米载体,通过乳化超声法和层层自组装静电吸附法制得,其粒径为100~300nm,并包括一可负载药物的PLGA纳米核心和一依次由聚阳离子电解质和聚阴离子电解质层层自组装而形成的壳层,聚阳离子电解质为聚鸟氨酸,聚阴离子电解质为岩藻聚糖。
一种上述层层自组装纳米载体的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)配制PLGA的二氯甲烷溶液和牛血清白蛋白水溶液;
(2)将上述PLGA的二氯甲烷溶液逐滴滴入上述牛血清白蛋白水溶液中,进行超声乳化形成乳液;
(3)将上述乳液加入超纯水中,搅拌使二氯甲烷完全挥发,再冷冻干燥,得所述可负载药物的PLGA纳米核心;
(4)配制聚鸟氨酸水溶液和岩藻聚糖水溶液;
(5)将所得的PLGA纳米核心加入到聚鸟氨酸水溶液中,搅拌使得PLGA纳米核心上自组装形成一聚鸟氨酸层,接着用超纯水吸取多余的聚鸟氨酸水溶液,然后离心并冷冻干燥;
(6)将步骤(5)所得的物料加入到岩藻聚糖水溶液中,搅拌使得聚鸟氨酸层上自组装形成一岩藻聚糖层,接着用超纯水吸取多余的岩藻聚糖水溶液,然后离心并冷冻干燥,即成。
在本发明的一个优选实施方案中,所述步骤(1)为:配制20mg/mL的PLGA的二氯甲烷溶液和5%的牛血清白蛋白水溶液。
进一步优选的,所述步骤(3)为:将上述乳液加入200mL超纯水中,磁力搅拌3h使二氯甲烷完全挥发,再冷冻干燥,得所述可负载药物的PLGA纳米核心。
进一步优选的,所述步骤(4)为:配制1mg/mL的聚鸟氨酸水溶液和1mg/mL的岩藻聚糖水溶液。
进一步优选的,所述步骤(5)为:将所得的PLGA纳米核心加入到聚鸟氨酸水溶液中,搅拌30min使得PLGA纳米核心上自组装形成一聚鸟氨酸层,接着用超纯水吸取多余的聚鸟氨酸水溶液,然后离心并冷冻干燥。
进一步优选的,所述步骤(6)为:将步骤(5)所得的物料加入到岩藻聚糖水溶液中,搅拌30min使得聚鸟氨酸层上自组装形成一岩藻聚糖层,接着用超纯水吸取多余的岩藻聚糖水溶液,然后离心并冷冻干燥,即成。
本发明的有益效果是:
1、本发明的层层自组装纳米载体的粒径可控为100-300nm,粒径分布均匀,纳米的球型度良好,其利用天然的聚鸟氨酸及岩藻聚糖作为聚电解质,以PLGA为核心,所有的材料都具有良好的生物相容性;将抗肿瘤药物负载于核心内部,提高了药物的长效释放及吸收,降低了单纯使用药物的毒副作用;体系含有的多层聚电解质薄膜可以抑制药物的突释,在一定时间内减缓药物的释放速率;同时PLGA具有良好的降解性能,作用一定时间后,可从体内清除。
2、本发明所用的聚鸟氨酸(poly-L-ornithine,PLO)作为聚阳离子电解质材料,其良好的机械性能及渗透性可以保护粒子在体内运输过程中的完整性,减少粒子的溶胀作用。
3、本发明所用的岩藻聚糖(Fucoidan)作为聚阴离子电解质材料,在抗肿瘤方面,岩藻聚糖能诱导肿瘤细胞的凋亡或者影响肿瘤细胞的形成,在结肠癌、乳腺癌上可以作为潜在的抗肿瘤药物。
4、本发明的制备方法结合了乳化法和静电吸附法,工艺简单,操作方便,在实际应用中具有优势。
具体实施方式
以下通过具体实施方式对本发明的技术方案进行进一步的说明和描述。
实施例1
(1)配制20mg/mL的PLGA的二氯甲烷溶液和5%的牛血清白蛋白水溶液;
(2)将上述PLGA的二氯甲烷溶液逐滴滴入上述牛血清白蛋白水溶液中,进行超声乳化形成乳液;
(3)将上述乳液加入200mL超纯水中,磁力搅拌3h使二氯甲烷完全挥发,再冷冻干燥,得所述可负载药物的PLGA纳米核心;
(4)配制1mg/mL的聚鸟氨酸水溶液和1mg/mL的岩藻聚糖水溶液;
(5)将所得的PLGA纳米核心加入到聚鸟氨酸水溶液中,搅拌30min使得PLGA纳米核心上自组装形成一聚鸟氨酸层,接着用超纯水吸取多余的聚鸟氨酸水溶液,然后离心并冷冻干燥;
(6)将步骤(5)所得的物料加入到岩藻聚糖水溶液中,搅拌30min使得聚鸟氨酸层上自组装形成一岩藻聚糖层,接着用超纯水吸取多余的岩藻聚糖水溶液,然后离心并冷冻干燥,即得所述层层自组装纳米载体PLGA-(PLO/Fucoidan)n,其粒径为170.40nm,球型度良好,在生理盐水中具有良好的机械性能,且zeta电位证实了自组装纳米的成功制备,呈正、负交替走势,平均正电位为+29.86±2.02mV,平均负电位为-24.53±0.91mV,说明聚电解质薄膜有良好的稳定性。
取一定量的抗肿瘤药物以投药量为10%的比例加到PLGA的DCM中,采用相同的方法制备出载药层层自组装纳米载体,药物载体的载药量为5.54%,包封率为36.6%,体系在0.5h的累积释放率为3.28%,到36h时累积释放率为57.90%。
通过改变PLGA-(PLO/Fucoidan)n的成膜数n值,可获得不同粒径的载体。
以上所述,仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已,故不能依此限定本发明实施的范围,即依本发明专利范围及说明书内容所作的等效变化与修饰,皆应仍属本发明涵盖的范围内。

Claims (3)

1.一种层层自组装纳米载体,其特征在于:通过乳化超声法和层层自组装静电吸附法制得,其粒径为100~300nm,并包括一可负载药物的PLGA纳米核心和一依次由聚阳离子电解质和聚阴离子电解质层层自组装而形成的壳层,聚阳离子电解质为聚鸟氨酸,聚阴离子电解质为岩藻聚糖,其制备方法包括如下步骤:
(1)配制20mg/mL的PLGA的二氯甲烷溶液和5%的牛血清白蛋白水溶液;
(2)将上述PLGA的二氯甲烷溶液逐滴滴入上述牛血清白蛋白水溶液中,进行超声乳化形成乳液;
(3)将上述乳液加入200mL超纯水中,磁力搅拌3h使二氯甲烷完全挥发,再冷冻干燥,得所述可负载药物的PLGA纳米核心;
(4)配制1mg/mL的聚鸟氨酸水溶液和1mg/mL的岩藻聚糖水溶液;
(5)将所得的PLGA纳米核心加入到聚鸟氨酸水溶液中,搅拌使得PLGA纳米核心上自组装形成一聚鸟氨酸层,接着用超纯水吸取多余的聚鸟氨酸水溶液,然后离心并冷冻干燥;
(6)将步骤(5)所得的物料加入到岩藻聚糖水溶液中,搅拌使得聚鸟氨酸层上自组装形成一岩藻聚糖层,接着用超纯水吸取多余的岩藻聚糖水溶液,然后离心并冷冻干燥,即成。
2.如权利要求1所述的层层自组装纳米载体,其特征在于:所述步骤(5)为:将所得的PLGA纳米核心加入到聚鸟氨酸水溶液中,搅拌30min使得PLGA纳米核心上自组装形成一聚鸟氨酸层,接着用超纯水吸取多余的聚鸟氨酸水溶液,然后离心并冷冻干燥。
3.如权利要求1所述的层层自组装纳米载体,其特征在于:所述步骤(6)为:将步骤(5)所得的物料加入到岩藻聚糖水溶液中,搅拌30min使得聚鸟氨酸层上自组装形成一岩藻聚糖层,接着用超纯水吸取多余的岩藻聚糖水溶液,然后离心并冷冻干燥,即成。
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