CN106036259A - 一种葱地种蝇幼虫的人工饲料及其制备方法和饲养方法 - Google Patents
一种葱地种蝇幼虫的人工饲料及其制备方法和饲养方法 Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New or modified breeds of animals
- A01K67/033—Rearing or breeding invertebrates; New breeds of invertebrates
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L3/00—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs
- A23L3/16—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs by heating loose unpacked materials
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L3/00—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs
- A23L3/34—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs by treatment with chemicals
- A23L3/3454—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs by treatment with chemicals in the form of liquids or solids
- A23L3/3463—Organic compounds; Microorganisms; Enzymes
- A23L3/3481—Organic compounds containing oxygen
- A23L3/3508—Organic compounds containing oxygen containing carboxyl groups
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L3/00—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs
- A23L3/34—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs by treatment with chemicals
- A23L3/3454—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs by treatment with chemicals in the form of liquids or solids
- A23L3/3463—Organic compounds; Microorganisms; Enzymes
- A23L3/3526—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Nutrition Science (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
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- Fodder In General (AREA)
Abstract
本发明公开了一种葱地种蝇幼虫的人工饲料及其制备方法和饲养方法,属于昆虫饲料领域。葱地种蝇幼虫人工饲料由下列成分组成:玉米粉,谷米粉,花生仁粉,燕麦片,大豆粉,麦麸,蔗糖,酵母粉,琼脂,对羟基苯甲酸甲酯,氯霉素,山梨酸,氯化胆碱,抗坏血酸,大蒜粉、骨粉,无水乙醇和蒸馏水。本饲料所用原材料广泛易得,营养全面,操作方便,制备成本低,饲料保存时间长。且大蒜粉能够吸引幼虫取食,提供必要微量元素,并且有杀菌的作用。骨粉可以提供钙,磷等矿物质元素。本发明的饲料可代替大葱,圆葱饲养葱地种蝇幼虫,饲养方法简便,且幼虫存活率更高,龄期一致。本饲料饲养效果较好,虫体发育一致,达到了长期、大规模、继代饲养的目的。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种葱地种蝇幼虫人工饲料、其制备方法和喂饲方法,属昆虫饲料技术领域。
背景技术
葱地种蝇Delia antiqua(Meigen),又称葱蝇、蒜蛆,属根蛆类,双翅目Diptera,花蝇科Anthomyiidae,地种蝇属Delia。葱地种蝇为完全变态类昆虫,一生包括卵、幼虫、蛹和成虫四个时期。广泛分布于北半球温带地区,如中国的北部的大部分区域以及北美的西部地区,在国内的分布区已知有辽宁、河北、山西、内蒙古、甘肃、宁夏、青海、新疆、陕西、北京、山东、河南、江苏、浙江等地。国外已有报道的国家有朝鲜、日本、苏联、英国、法国、美国、加拿大等国。
葱地种蝇是一种毁灭性害虫,主要危害百合科葱属作物,在我国记述的寄主主要有圆葱、大蒜、大葱、韭菜等。其幼虫钻入鳞茎内取食,形成孔洞,引起腐烂;导致受害植株叶片枯黄,凋萎死亡。其每年发生2-4代,对百合科蔬菜产品的产量和质量影响极大。目前对葱地种蝇的防治主要依赖化学防治措施,如使用有机磷类药剂,新烟碱类药剂灌根,严重影响食品安全。随着时间的推进,葱地种蝇对一些有较好杀虫效果的杀虫剂产生了抗药性。现在人们正在寻找能有效控制葱地种蝇的防治措施。
由于葱地种蝇在农业生产上的严重危害性和抗药性的产生,有必要对该种的生物学、生理学、生长发育和行为以及抗药性等进行全面研究,同时以促进对该种的有效防控。这些研究工作以及我们在对葱地种蝇各虫态高效昆虫病原真菌的筛选和对成虫高效的引诱剂及驱避剂的筛选过程中,往往需要大量生长一致的幼虫和成虫。
传统的室内饲养大多是以新鲜大葱葱白和圆葱等天然寄主进行饲养,由于天然饲料易腐烂、变质,使试虫极易感染病原菌,室内饲养的虫源受限制,虫量小,葱属作物腐烂后气味恶臭,影响饲养环境,必须频繁更换食物,费时费力,并且化蛹时必须将饲养在自然寄主,如大葱,大蒜上的幼虫再次转移到供化蛹使用的沙土中,操作繁琐。所以采用天然寄主难以扩大葱地种蝇饲养的规模,并达到虫源发育一致的效果,这也限制了后续许多研究工作的开展。因此高效的人工饲养技术是各项研究成功的关键。人工饲料和饲养方法的优化和成本的降低将有利于促进对该害虫的研究和防治实践。
关于葱地种蝇幼虫人工饲料的研究,国内外一些科学家,如ISHIKAWA,Yukio(Ishikawa Y,Tsukada S,Matsumoto Y.Effect of temperature and photoperiod onthe larval development and diapause induction in the onion fly,Hylemyaantiqua Meigen(Diptera:Anthomyiidae)[J].Applied Entomology and Zoology,1987,22(12):610-617.)、陈斌(陈斌,黎万顺,冯国忠,等.葱蝇的实验室饲养、生物学特性及滞育诱导[J].重庆师范大学学报:自然科学版,2010,27(2):9-13.)曾对该虫的人工饲料作了研究,两者配方大体一致,但在国内外并没有得到有效利用。并且本文发明人在实验室内使用该饲料配方,没能较好地得到实验所需要的大量的各龄期试虫。经过总结分析,这种人工饲料存在以下缺点:(1)ISHIKAWA,Yukio和陈斌报道的人工饲料配方中使用鼠饲料作为主料,市面上鼠饲料种类较多,各种营养成分存在差异,各研究团队不能购买到与配方相同的鼠饲料,造成饲养过程中幼虫发育不一致,化蛹率低,成虫易畸翅,且饲养多代后种群有退化等问题。(2)配方中纤维素粉使用的是膳食保健品,造成饲料成本高,大规模饲养花费大。(3)ISHIKAWA,Yukio和陈斌报道的人工饲料配方中配方中使用的几种防腐剂,氯霉素,硫酸锌霉素都是对细菌的杀菌效果好,对霉菌,真菌等效果较差,造成饲料中大量霉菌滋生。幼虫化蛹之后,蛹长出霉菌,不能成功羽化。(4)饲料配制过程中操作繁琐,蒸锅的灭菌效果差。(6)饲养过程中需要转移卵,对卵伤害大。(7)饲养过程中需要不断更换饲料,操作繁琐。如果实验中需要使用幼虫,需要掰开饲料,破坏幼虫的生长环境。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于克服现有技术之不足,而提供一种葱地种蝇幼虫的人工饲料配制方法和饲养方法,该饲料原材料广泛易得,营养全面,操作方便,制备成本低,饲料保存时间长。配套饲养方法,简便易行,饲养效果好。提供大量发育一致的虫源,达到长期大规模饲养葱地种蝇的效果。
一种葱地种蝇幼虫的人工饲料,由下列成份及其重量百分含量组成:
玉米粉:1.0%-1.5%;谷米粉:1.0%-1.5%;花生仁粉:1.0%-1.5%;燕麦片:1.0%-1.5%;大豆粉:6.0%-7.0%;麦麸:5.0%-6.0%;蔗糖:1.3%-1.8%;酵母粉:1.3%-1.8%;琼脂粉:1.3%-1.8%;对羟基苯甲酸甲酯:0.2%-0.4%;氯霉素:0.05%-0.07%;山梨酸:0.05%-0.07%;氯化胆碱:0.1%-0.15%;抗坏血酸:0.1%-0.15%;大蒜粉:0.40%-0.60%;骨粉:0.40%-0.60%;无水乙醇:0.40%-0.60%;蒸馏水:75%-80%。
作为优选,每份饲料包括:
玉米粉:1.2%-1.3%;谷米粉:1.2%-1.3%;花生仁粉:1.2%-1.3%;燕麦片:1.2%-1.3%;大豆粉:6.1%-7.3%;麦麸:5.3%-5.5%;蔗糖:1.5%-1.7%;酵母粉:1.5%-1.7%;琼脂粉:1.5%-1.7%;对羟基苯甲酸甲酯:0.23%-0.26%;氯霉素:0.06%-0.07%;山梨酸:0.06%-0.07%;氯化胆碱:0.12%-0.14%;抗坏血酸:0.12%-0.14%;大蒜粉:0.47%-0.52%;骨粉:0.47%-0.52%;无水乙醇:0.47%-0.52%;蒸馏水:76%-78%。
更优选:
玉米粉:8g;谷米粉:8g;花生仁粉:8g;燕麦片:8g;大豆粉:40g;麦麸:35g;蔗糖:10g;酵母粉:10g;琼脂粉:10g;对羟基苯甲酸甲酯:1.6g;氯霉素:0.4g;山梨酸:0.4g;氯化胆碱:0.8g;抗坏血酸:0.8g;大蒜粉:3.2g;骨粉:3.2g;无水乙醇:3.2ml;蒸馏水:500ml。
上述蔗糖可用白砂糖替代,酵母粉可用商用酵母替代。
所述饲料为凝胶块状。
一种如上所述的葱地种蝇幼虫人工饲料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)大蒜粉的制备:将新鲜大蒜剥皮切成块状,干燥后研磨成粉末状;按量称取大蒜粉末等比例加入乙醇溶解备用;
(2)谷米粉,花生仁粉的制备:从市场上购得谷米,干花生仁放入粉碎机中打碎备用;
(3)麦麸,燕麦片的加工:从市场上购得粗麦麸,燕麦片放入粉碎机中打碎备用;
(4)按以上饲料比例分别称取玉米粉,谷米粉,花生仁粉,燕麦片,大豆粉、麦麸、蔗糖、酵母粉、琼脂粉和蒸馏水,然后放于敞口容器中搅拌均匀,放入121℃高压灭菌锅中灭菌15分钟;冷却至60℃加入称量好的对羟基苯甲酸甲酯,氯霉素,山梨酸,氯化胆碱,抗坏血酸,骨粉和溶解在无水乙醇中的大蒜粉,搅拌均匀,待其冷却凝固后放入4℃冰箱中保存备用。
大批量饲养葱地种蝇幼虫的方法,按以下步骤进行:
1)取一小片饲料放入灭菌的培养皿中,将装有饲料的培养皿做成产卵盒放入成虫养虫笼中供产卵;
2)在盖上开有小透气孔的透明塑料盒的底部放入1.5cm-2.5cm厚的灭菌细沙,然后加入适量无菌水,保持沙子湿润,在湿润细沙上放上一片饲料,取出产有蝇卵的产卵盒中的饲料放入沙盒中的饲料上方;在光照:黑暗为16h:8h、湿度为60%-70%、温度为21±1℃的条件下培养20天;幼虫化蛹之后,在饲养幼虫的透明塑料盒中加入自来水,轻轻搅动,用网筛过滤出蛹;将蛹表面水分吸去,放入培养皿中,直至成虫羽化。
所述步骤1)中的饲料大小为长×宽×厚为3cm×3cm×0.5cm,培养皿为直径为9cm培养皿。
所述步骤2)透明塑料盒大小为750ml-1000ml,盖上开有30-50个1mm直径的透气孔。
所述步骤2)中的饲料大小为长×宽×厚6cm×5cm×2.5cm。
实验使用蛹,则在步骤2)中培养15d后每日采集,未化蛹幼虫则放入新的养虫盒中继续饲养。
实验使用幼虫,则把饲料取下,取饲料背面的幼虫使用。
本发明的有益效果:
(1)该饲料原料来源广泛,大蒜粉有可以诱集成虫产卵,将饲料放入培养皿中做成产卵盒可以不必转移卵,防治对卵的伤害;可以诱集幼虫取食,提供幼虫生长所需的微量元素和维生素;并且大蒜是有很强的杀菌作用。骨粉的加入可以为幼虫的生长提供足量的矿物质元素,如钙磷的等,可以有效防止蛹畸形。该饲料中添加的山梨酸可以有效抑制霉菌,真菌等病原菌。有效防止化蛹后,蛹体霉菌的产生,提高羽化率。
(2)该饲料易保存,稳定性好,克服了天然饲料容易腐败,变质,幼虫容易被病原菌侵染,并且气味重,影响饲养环境的缺点,节省了时间。
(3)该饲料原料来源广泛,价格低廉,降低了饲料的成本。配方稳定,克服了以往人工饲料中添加的鼠饲料差别大,营养成分差别大的缺点。麦麸中纤维素含量高,可以提供幼虫生长所需的纤维素,替代了价格昂贵的膳食纤维素。
(4)该饲料配制过程中操作简单,直接放入高压灭菌锅15min,即可,既能保证饲料同时蒸熟,又能保证灭菌效果。
(5)该饲料成形之后可以按照需要切成合适的大小和形状,可以满足各种实验过程中饲料的需求。
(6)该饲料的饲养方法中,饲料的加入,可以满足从卵到化蛹的营养需求,中途不需要更换饲料,操作简单。实验过程中如果需要使用幼虫,则把上面的饲料取下,取饲料背面的幼虫使用。不会破坏幼虫的饲养环境。
(7)该饲料可以推广应用到葱地种蝇的近缘种,如灰地种蝇,萝卜地种蝇等。
本发明经过大量的反复研究探索以及连续两年的饲养,根据葱地种蝇幼虫的特点,克服了该虫作为该虫不易饲养的缺点,满足了从卵到蛹整个幼虫期的营养需要,所得幼虫品质的均一性和稳定性以及其存活率,化蛹率,羽化率有了较大的提高,为科研中试虫的正常供应提供了有力条件提供了稳定的,发育一致的虫源,操作简便,有利于进行持续的科研探索,可为该虫的生物学,生理学等研究提供虫源,同时为葱地种蝇的重要的生物防治手段研究提供稳定的,发育一致的虫源。
具体实施方式
为了使发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白,以下结合实施例,对本发明进行进一步详细说明。应当理解,此处所描述的具体实施例仅用以解释本发明,并不用于限定本发明。
原料种类及来源
人工饲料原料来源见表1,但是不限定于表1中的原料来源。.
注:买的大蒜,烘干后研磨成粉状
实施例1
玉米粉:8g;谷米粉:8g;花生仁粉:8g;燕麦片:8g;大豆粉:40g;麦麸:35g;蔗糖:10g;酵母粉:10g;琼脂粉:10g;对羟基苯甲酸甲酯:1.6g;氯霉素:0.4g;山梨酸:0.4g;氯化胆碱:0.8g;抗坏血酸:0.8g;大蒜:3.2g;骨粉:3.2g;无水乙醇:3.2ml;蒸馏水:500ml;大蒜粉用无水乙醇溶解。按以上饲料比例分别称取熟玉米粉,谷米粉,花生仁粉,燕麦片,大豆粉、麦麸、蔗糖、酵母粉、琼脂粉和蒸馏水,然后放于20cm×10cm×5cm铝制大饭盒中搅拌均匀。放入121℃,0.12Mpa高压灭菌锅中灭菌15分钟。冷却至60℃加入称量好的对羟基苯甲酸甲酯,氯霉素,山梨酸,氯化胆碱,抗坏血酸,骨粉和溶解在无水乙醇中的大蒜粉,搅拌均匀,待其冷却凝固后放入4℃冰箱中保存备用。
实施例2
玉米粉10g;谷米粉:10g;花生仁粉:10g;燕麦片:10g;大豆粉:50g;麦麸:20g蔗糖:10g;酵母粉:10g;琼脂粉:10g;对羟基苯甲酸甲酯:1.6g;氯霉素:0.4g;山梨酸:0.2g;氯化胆碱:0.8g;抗坏血酸:0.8g;大蒜:1.6g;骨粉:1.6g;无水乙醇:1.6ml;蒸馏水:500ml;大蒜粉用等比例乙醇溶解。按以上饲料比例分别称取熟玉米粉,谷米粉,花生仁粉,燕麦片,大豆粉、麦麸、蔗糖、酵母粉、琼脂粉和蒸馏水,然后放于20cm×10cm×5cm铝制大饭盒中搅拌均匀。放入121℃,0.12Mpa高压灭菌锅中灭菌15分钟。冷却至60℃加入称量好的对羟基苯甲酸甲酯,氯霉素,山梨酸,氯化胆碱,抗坏血酸,骨粉和溶解在无水乙醇中的大蒜粉,搅拌均匀,待其冷却凝固后放入4℃冰箱中保存备用。
以葱地种蝇(饲养于中国农业科学院植物保护研究所)作为试验虫源,分别使用实施案例的实施例1、实施例2中的人工饲料,陈斌等(2010)已报道的人工饲料(陈斌,黎万顺,冯国忠,等.葱蝇的实验室饲养、生物学特性及滞育诱导[J].重庆师范大学学报:自然科学版,2010,27(2):9-13.)和自然寄主对葱地种蝇幼虫进行饲养;并且对葱地种蝇各虫态进行了观察,记录下不同饲养方式下下各虫态生物学习性的异同,并得出表2所示的一些生物学指标,其中选择大葱葱白为葱地种蝇幼虫自然寄主饲料,饲养温度21±1℃、相对湿度RH=60%-70%,光周期为L:D=16h:8h的恒温培养箱中进行。
表2葱地种蝇幼虫人工饲料饲养和已报道的人工饲料以及自然寄主饲养的生物学参数对比
从表2中可以看出:使用本发明的人工饲料实施例1中饲料配方饲养,葱地种蝇卵的孵化率是56.70%,幼虫历期13.50天,从卵到蛹的存化蛹率40.76%,蛹重12.80mg,成虫的羽化率97.00%,初羽化成虫虫重为9.97mg,单雌产卵量177.00粒,使用本发明的人工饲料配方对比自然寄主的生物学参数,发现本发明的两种饲料配方与自然寄主饲养效果相当,并且实施例1中,从卵到幼虫到化蛹,幼虫的存活率和化蛹率均大约自然寄主,原因是,人工饲料饲养幼虫过程中,湿度适宜,活动空间大,营养均衡。且实施例1比实施例2及已报道的人工饲料的饲养效果好,饲料中大蒜可以提供微量元素,并有杀菌作用。骨粉可以补充钙,磷等矿物质,防止蛹畸形。麦麸的添加可以为幼虫的生长提供足量纤维素,山梨酸的添加可以提高饲料的抗病毒和真菌的能力。
因此可利用该饲料人工饲养大量的葱地种蝇,对该种的生物学、生理学、生长发育和行为以及抗药性和生物防治等研究提供充足的生长发育一致的虫源。
以上所述,仅为本发明较佳的具体实施方式,本发明的保护范围不限于此,任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明披露的技术范围内,可显而易见地得到的技术方案的简单变化或等效替换均落入本发明的保护范围内。
Claims (10)
1.一种葱地种蝇幼虫的人工饲料,由下列成份及其重量百分含量组成:
玉米粉:1.0%-1.5%;谷米粉:1.0%-1.5%;花生仁粉:1.0%-1.5%;燕麦片:1.0%-1.5%;大豆粉:6.0%-7.0%;麦麸:5.0%-6.0%;蔗糖:1.3%-1.8%;酵母粉:1.3%-1.8%;琼脂粉:1.3%-1.8%;对羟基苯甲酸甲酯:0.2%-0.4%;氯霉素:0.05%-0.07%;山梨酸:0.05%-0.07%;氯化胆碱:0.1%-0.15%;抗坏血酸:0.1%-0.15%;大蒜粉:0.40%-0.60%;骨粉:0.40%-0.60%;无水乙醇:0.40%-0.60%;蒸馏水:75%-80%。
2.根据权利要求1所述的人工饲料,由下列成份及其重量百分含量组成:
玉米粉:1.2%-1.3%;谷米粉:1.2%-1.3%;花生仁粉:1.2%-1.3%;燕麦片:1.2%-1.3%;大豆粉:6.1%-7.3%;麦麸:5.3%-5.5%;蔗糖:1.5%-1.7%;酵母粉:1.5%-1.7%;琼脂粉:1.5%-1.7%;对羟基苯甲酸甲酯:0.23%-0.26%;氯霉素:0.06%-0.07%;山梨酸:0.06%-0.07%;氯化胆碱:0.12%-0.14%;抗坏血酸:0.12%-0.14%;大蒜粉:0.47%-0.52%;骨粉:0.47%-0.52%;无水乙醇:0.47%-0.52%;蒸馏水:76%-78%。
3.根据权利要求1所述的人工饲料,由下列成份及其重量组成:
玉米粉:8g;谷米粉:8g;花生仁粉:8g;燕麦片:8g;大豆粉:40g;麦麸:35g;蔗糖:10g;酵母粉:10g;琼脂粉:10g;对羟基苯甲酸甲酯:1.6g;氯霉素:0.4g;山梨酸:0.4g;氯化胆碱:0.8g;抗坏血酸:0.8g;大蒜粉:3.2g;骨粉:3.2g;无水乙醇:3.2ml;蒸馏水:500ml。
4.根据权利要求1所述的人工饲料,所述蔗糖用白砂糖替代,酵母粉用商用酵母替代。
5.根据权利要求1所述的人工饲料,所述饲料为凝胶块状。
6.权利要求1-5任一所述葱地种蝇幼虫的人工饲料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)大蒜粉的制备:将新鲜大蒜剥皮切成块状,干燥后研磨成粉末状;按量称取大蒜粉末等比例加入乙醇溶解备用;
(2)谷米粉,花生仁粉的制备:从市场上购得谷米,干花生仁放入粉碎机中打碎备用;
(3)麦麸,燕麦片的加工:从市场上购得粗麦麸,燕麦片放入粉碎机中打碎备用;
(4)按以上饲料比例分别称取玉米粉,谷米粉,花生仁粉,燕麦片,大豆粉、麦麸、蔗糖、酵母粉、琼脂粉和蒸馏水,然后放于敞口容器中搅拌均匀,放入121℃高压灭菌锅中灭菌15分钟;冷却至60℃加入称量好的对羟基苯甲酸甲酯,氯霉素,山梨酸,氯化胆碱,抗坏血酸,骨粉和溶解在无水乙醇中的大蒜粉,搅拌均匀,待其冷却凝固后放入4℃冰箱中保存备用。
7.大批量饲养葱地种蝇幼虫的方法,按以下步骤进行:
1)取一小片权利要求5所述的人工饲料放入灭菌的培养皿中,将装有人工饲料的培养皿做成产卵盒放入成虫养虫笼中供产卵;
2)在盖上开有小透气孔的透明塑料盒的底部放入1.5cm-2.5cm厚的灭菌细沙,然后加入适量无菌水,保持沙子湿润,在湿润细沙上放上一片权利要求5所述的人工饲料,取出产有蝇卵的产卵盒中的饲料放入沙盒中的饲料上方;在光照:黑暗为16h:8h、湿度为60%-70%、温度为21±1℃的条件下培养20天;幼虫化蛹之后,在饲养幼虫的透明塑料盒中加入自来水,轻轻搅动,用网筛过滤出蛹;将蛹表面水分吸去,放入培养皿中,直至成虫羽化。
8.根据权利要求7所述的方法,所述步骤1)中的饲料大小为长×宽×厚为3cm×3cm×0.5cm,培养皿为直径为9cm培养皿。
9.根据权利要求7所述的方法,所述步骤2)透明塑料盒大小为750ml-1000ml,盖上开有30-50个1mm直径的透气孔;所述步骤2)中的饲料大小为长×宽×厚6cm×5cm×2.5cm。
10.根据权利要求7所述的方法,其中在步骤2)中培养15d后采集实验使用蛹,未化蛹幼虫则放入新的养虫盒中继续饲养;在饲料背面采集实验使用幼虫。
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