CN106035231A - 通过亚麻籽提取饲料添加剂饲喂育肥猪的方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了通过亚麻籽提取饲料添加剂饲喂育肥猪的方法，它涉及牲畜饲喂技术领域。具体饲喂方法为：选择初始体重为74.9±0.4 kg的猪；将猪随机分成两组，对照组和实验组；对照组饲喂普通的饲料，实验组饲喂饲料为含有α－亚麻酸17.5%的饲料添加剂产品的饲料；对照组正常饲喂猪8‑9周；实验组将含有α－亚麻酸17.5%的饲料添加剂产品的饲料进行饲喂猪，饲喂时长为8周‑9周，然后分别测量猪脖子、里脊、腹部的α亚麻酸、总ѡ‑3及ѡ‑3/ѡ‑6的量进行结果分析。饲喂方法简单，通过天然的亚麻籽来提取富含α－亚麻酸的饲料添加剂，饲喂育肥猪，生产出富含ω－3的猪肉，最大程度的改善ω－6/ω－3的比例。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及通过亚麻籽提取饲料添加剂饲喂育肥猪的方法，属于牲畜饲喂技术领域。
背景技术
随着进入高度工业化、信息化、集约化的时代，人类的能量摄取相对过剩、脑力劳动取代体力劳动、营养平衡的失调给肥胖、高血脂、动脉硬化、冠心病、高血压、糖尿病、癌症的发生、发展提供了条件，使得这些代谢性疾病成为人类健康的头号杀手，即使是非致命性疫病如炎症（关节炎、前列腺炎等）、过敏性疾病也给患者带来诸多的痛苦。脂肪酸在其中扮演着重要的角色。不同种类的脂肪酸对人体有着不同的作用，饱和脂肪酸过剩、ω－6与ω－3多不饱和脂肪酸的比例失调可以直接导致上述疾病的发生和发展。
人体可以合成饱和脂肪酸和单不饱和脂肪酸，但有两种多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFA），即“α－亚麻酸”与“亚油酸”在人体内不能合成，而是像大部分维生素一样，必须从体外获得，这两种多不饱和脂肪酸称为“必需脂肪酸” （EFA）。
α－亚麻酸生化反应：α－亚麻酸(α-Linolenic acid, ALA)，全顺式－9,12,15－十八碳三烯酸（Allcis－9，12，15－Octadecatrienoic acid, 18:3ω－3，ω－3PUFA的一种。
α－亚麻酸和亚油酸在代谢中竞争同一种酶，是竞争抑制性关系，保持两者之间平衡比例，是维系健康的基础。
α－亚麻酸功能:α－亚麻酸作为生长、细胞代谢及肌肉运动供能只是其功能的一部分，其更多是作为结构物质和代谢调控物质，发挥结构功能和调控功能。
ω－3PUFA在神经系统中的结构性作用更是不可缺少的。α－亚麻酸生成DHA，DHA是人体大脑磷脂、视网膜及神经细胞的重要组成成分，对智力和视力功能发育及维持起着决定性作用。人体一旦缺乏α－亚麻酸，即会引起精神疲劳、失眠、健忘、视力减退等症状。尤其是胎儿、婴幼儿、青少年，如果缺乏α－亚麻酸，就会严重影响其智力和视力的正常发育。
α－亚麻酸的降血脂作用一方面是通过对代谢率的调节来实现，另一方面则是通过抑制有关的脂肪和甘油合成酶系及胆固醇合成酶来实现。α－亚麻酸能使胆固醇合成酶的限速酶HMG－CoA的活性降低而减少胆固醇的生成；α－亚麻酸对脂肪合成酶系（包括脂肪酸合成酶、CoA－羧化酶、二酰甘油乙酰转移酶等）的抑制和加强线粒体中的β－氧化，使甘油三酯的合成减少而消耗增加，这一点可以应用到减肥上去。EPA主要在降低甘油三酯方面起作用，DHA在降低胆固醇方面起作用，作为它们母体的α－亚麻酸在调节血脂时可以起到全面降脂、排脂的作用。
爱斯基摩人摄食大量海鱼，每日EPA和DHA的摄人量分别达5和6 g，血中ω－3PUFA含量显著升高，并伴有轻微出血倾向，因而他们的心肌梗死患者甚罕见。对日本渔民和农民的膳食情况调查表明，每人每日鱼的平均消耗量在渔民为250 g(2.5g EPA)，在农民为90 g(0.9g EPA)，因此，日本人的心血管病发病率也低。
研究证明，每日膳食的EPA和DHA的供给量为3～5g时，可有效地降低血脂水平。富含ω－3 PUFA的食物也有降低动物和人体胆固醇水平的作用，只是所需剂量较高。健康成人每日摄食20g EPA，血浆胆固醇才能显著降低。
α－亚麻酸通过竞争抑制作用抑制ω－6 PUFA的代谢，减少前列腺素PGE2、前列腺环素PGI2、血栓素TXA2、白三烯LT4的合成，增加对应的ω－3 PUFA的代谢产物，从而产生众多的生物调控作用，如抗炎、抗血栓、抗过敏等。
根据能量供给的理想比例，ω－3 PUFA每天应能够提供1%的能量，即每天20千卡，相当于α－亚麻酸2.2克，同时亚油酸摄入量控制在8.7克以下，以减少其对亚麻酸转化为EPA和DHA过程的抑制。因为ω－6 PUFA和ω－3 PUFA存在竞争抑制，所以ω－6/ω－3比值受到重视。有些国家和组织用ω－6/ω－3比值表示PUFA的膳食推荐摄入量，如WHO建议ω－6/ω－3 = 5～10：1，瑞典建议ω－6/ω－3 = 5：1，日本建议ω－6/ω－3=2～4：1，中国建议ω－6/ω－3=4～6：1。
然而从多不饱和脂肪酸高，具有降低人体血脂的功能着眼，似乎胴体中的多不饱和脂肪酸愈高愈好。但从猪肉品质和经济效益出发，基础日粮中添加油脂含量应当适中。关于PUFA对人及动物机体免疫功能方面研究最关键的应当是如何确定合适的ω－6与ω－3比例。
ω－6和ω－3脂肪酸比例受到日粮调控，大量实验证明，通过日粮来生产高ω－3脂肪酸并且控制ω－6和ω－3脂肪酸的比例是可行的。添加2 %亚麻仁的日粮降低ω－6不饱和脂肪酸14.5%，添加到4%时降低ω－6不饱和脂肪酸10.1%，而ω－3不饱和脂肪酸则分别升高2.6倍和3.7倍，ω－6和ω－3的比例分别从7.4∶1降为2.4∶1和7.3∶1降为1.8∶1。
日粮中添加大剂量ω－3PUFA在组织内沉积会造成脂类过氧化，尤其会通过增加自由基或脂类过氧化副产品而造成细胞膜结构与功能发生改变,进而影响机体的免疫功能。许多研究发现，通过在动物日粮中添加天然抗氧化剂维生素E能够减少自由基及过氧化物的生成，维持细胞膜结构与功能的完整性，保持机体正常的免疫功能。
但是α－亚麻酸属于多不饱和脂肪酸，所以肉中含量过多时，会影响肉的货架期和肉的品质。现在普通猪肉的ω－3含量6g/kg，ω－6/ω－3=18.3，比例不利于人体健康。中国人主要以猪肉作为肉食首选，因此需要寻找一种方法来适当提高猪肉中ω－3的含量，改善ω－6/ω－3的比例，使猪肉成为更健康的肉食。
发明内容
针对上述问题，本发明要解决的技术问题是提供通过亚麻籽提取饲料添加剂饲喂育肥猪的方法。
本发明通过亚麻籽提取饲料添加剂饲喂育肥猪的方法。它的具体的饲喂方法为:步骤一: 选择初始体重为74.9±0.4 kg的猪；
步骤二：将猪随机分成两组，对照组和实验组；
步骤三：对照组饲喂普通的饲料，实验组饲喂饲料为含有α－亚麻酸17.5%的饲料添加剂产品的饲料；
步骤四：实验操作过程：对照组正常饲喂猪8-9周；实验组将含有α－亚麻酸17.5%的饲料添加剂产品的饲料进行饲喂猪，饲喂时长为8周-9周，然后分别测量猪脖子、里脊、腹部的α亚麻酸、总ѡ-3及ѡ-3/ ѡ-6的量进行结果分析。
作为优选，所述的含有α－亚麻酸17.5%的饲料添加剂从亚麻油中提取，所述的亚麻油的提取方法为采用使用压榨的方法从亚麻籽中提取，然后在进一步生产出含α－亚麻酸17.5%的饲料添加剂。
作为优选，所述的猪饲料中α－亚麻酸17.5%的饲料添加剂的添加比例为3%-5%。
本发明的有益效果：它能克服现有技术的弊端，饲喂方法简单，通过天然的亚麻籽来提取富含α－亚麻酸的饲料添加剂，饲喂育肥猪，生产出富含ω－3的猪肉，最大程度的改善ω－6/ω－3的比例。
附图说明：
为了易于说明，本发明由下述的具体实施及附图作以详细描述。
图1为本发明中实施例的数据分析结构示意图。
具体实施方式：
本具体实施方式采用以下技术方案：它的具体的饲喂方法为:步骤一: 选择初始体重为74.9±0.4 kg的猪；
步骤二：将猪随机分成两组，对照组和实验组；
步骤三：对照组饲喂普通的饲料，实验组饲喂饲料为含有α－亚麻酸17.5%的饲料添加剂产品的饲料；
步骤四：实验操作过程：对照组正常饲喂猪8-9周；实验组将含有α－亚麻酸17.5%的饲料添加剂产品的饲料进行饲喂猪，饲喂时长为8周-9周，然后分别测量猪脖子、里脊、腹部的α亚麻酸、总ѡ-3及ѡ-3/ ѡ-6的量进行结果分析。
作为优选，所述的含有α－亚麻酸17.5%的饲料添加剂从亚麻油中提取，所述的亚麻油的提取方法为采用使用压榨的方法从亚麻籽中提取，然后在进一步生产出含α－亚麻酸17.5%的饲料添加剂。
作为优选，所述的猪饲料中α－亚麻酸17.5%的饲料添加剂的添加比例为3%-5%。
实施例1：选择初始体重为74.9 kg的猪；将猪随机分成两组，对照组和实验组；对照组采用普通饲料正常饲喂，实验组选择饲喂饲料为含有α－亚麻酸17.5%的饲料添加剂产品的饲料饲喂；将含有α－亚麻酸17.5%的饲料添加剂产品的饲料进行饲喂猪，饲喂时长为8周-9周，然后分别测量猪脖子、里脊、腹部的α亚麻酸、总ѡ-3及ѡ-3/ ѡ-6的量进行结果分析，猪饲料中α－亚麻酸17.5%的饲料添加剂的添加比例为3.5%。参照图1分析得出，采用α－亚麻酸17.5%的饲料添加剂饲料饲喂的猪中ω－3的量大大提高，且ω－6/ω－3比例也在合适的范围内。
以上显示和描述了本发明的基本原理和主要特征和本发明的优点。本行业的技术人员应该了解，本发明不受上述实施例的限制，上述实施例和说明书中描述的只是说明本发明的原理，在不脱离本发明精神和范围的前提下，本发明还会有各种变化和改进，这些变化和改进都落入要求保护的本发明范围内。本发明要求保护范围由所附的权利要求书及其等效物界定。
Claims (3)
1.通过亚麻籽提取饲料添加剂饲喂育肥猪的方法，其特征在于：它的具体的饲喂方法为:步骤一: 选择初始体重为74.9±0.4 kg的猪；
步骤二：将猪随机分成两组，对照组和实验组；
步骤三：对照组饲喂普通的饲料，实验组饲喂饲料为含有α－亚麻酸17.5%的饲料添加剂产品的饲料；
步骤四：实验操作过程：对照组正常饲喂猪8-9周；实验组将含有α－亚麻酸17.5%的饲料添加剂产品的饲料进行饲喂猪，饲喂时长为8周-9周，然后分别测量猪脖子、里脊、腹部的α亚麻酸、总ѡ-3及ѡ-3/ ѡ-6的量进行结果分析。
2.按照权利要求1所述的通过亚麻籽提取饲料添加剂饲喂育肥猪的方法，其特征在于：所述的含有α－亚麻酸17.5%的饲料添加剂从亚麻油中提取，所述的亚麻油的提取方法为采用使用压榨的方法从亚麻籽中提取，然后在进一步生产出含α－亚麻酸17.5%的饲料添加剂。
3.按照权利要求1所述的通过亚麻籽提取饲料添加剂饲喂育肥猪的方法，其特征在于：所述的猪饲料中α－亚麻酸17.5%的饲料添加剂的添加比例为3%-5%。
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