CN106033862B - A kind of preparation method of locomotive traction motor carbon brush - Google Patents
A kind of preparation method of locomotive traction motor carbon brush Download PDFInfo
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- CN106033862B CN106033862B CN201510117848.7A CN201510117848A CN106033862B CN 106033862 B CN106033862 B CN 106033862B CN 201510117848 A CN201510117848 A CN 201510117848A CN 106033862 B CN106033862 B CN 106033862B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of preparation methods of locomotive traction motor carbon brush, include the following steps：In a heated condition, soft carbon powder, spraying carbon black, pitch coke powder, graphite powder, pore creating material, orientation auxiliary agent, modified coal tar pitch and lubricant are subjected to mixing extrusion process, obtain mixed material；Mixed material is ground, the first mixed powder is obtained；Roller sheet processing will be carried out after first mixed powder mixing, obtain sheet material；Sheet material is crushed, milled processed, obtains the second mixed powder；To be pressed into carbon brush green compact after second mixed powder mixing, then carry out successively calcination process, graphitization processing to get.Carbon brush High anti bending strength prepared by the method for the present invention, commutation ability are good, and allow by current density it is big, be not only suitable for diesel locomotive traction electric machine again suitable for electric locomotive traction motor.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to locomotive technology field more particularly to a kind of preparation methods of locomotive traction motor carbon brush.
Background technology
Railway locomotive traction electric machine carbon brush, as the core component of locomotive engine, be always carbon brush manufacturing enterprise most
Important research and development point, every country old brand carbon brush enterprise are applied to oneself unique product type characteristic on all kinds of traction electric machines.
But existing locomotive traction motor carbon brush can not be suitable for all types of locomotive tractions electricity due to properties of product difference
Machine, to locomotive, user brings inconvenience.And the locomotive traction motor carbon brush in China, the technique for almost still continuing to use the sixties are thought
Dimension, in decades also not big breakthrough.
Locomotive traction motor is divided into two major classes with carbon brush：Diesel locomotive traction electric machine carbon brush and electric locomotive traction motor
Use carbon brush.
Due to power resources difference, different locomotive traction motors needs the carbon brush of different performance matched：Internal combustion
Locomotive traction motor carbon brush, it is desirable that allow (to be not less than 16A/cm by high-density current2), and there is certain commutation
Can, under the premise of not damaging engine commutator, the longer the better for service life；And electric locomotive traction motor carbon brush, then it needs
Have fabulous commutation ability, and allows (to be not less than 13A/cm by higher current density2)。
In order to reach high current density, avoiding carbon brush again, temperature liter is excessively high during the work time, in generally use resistivity
Etc. the materials of sizes (40-50 μ Ω M) prepare carbon brush, but its commutation ability is limited by larger；It is good in order to obtain
Commutation property, and to sacrifice working current density as cost, carbon brush is prepared using the material of resistivity higher (55-65 μ Ω M),
Even if having prepared good ventilating and cooling auxiliary system, but the temperature of carbon brush rises and allows of no optimist.Usual commutation capacity and work electricity
Stream is opposition, because to improve commutation capacity just and must increase the resistivity of material (commutation resistance), and the increase of resistivity,
Carbon brush temperature can be caused to increase, operating current is severely limited.
Due to the restriction of production technology, currently, either both can be with without a kind of carbon brush in foreign country or domestic market
It is readily applicable to electric locomotive traction motor suitable for diesel locomotive traction electric machine.
Invention content
The purpose of the present invention is being directed to problem in the prior art, a kind of preparation side of locomotive traction motor carbon brush is provided
Method, carbon brush prepared by this method not only has good commutation, but also allows, by high-density current, to be not only suitable for internal combustion engine
Vehicle traction electric machine is suitable for electric locomotive traction motor again.
To achieve the above object, the present invention provides a kind of preparation method of locomotive traction motor carbon brush, including walks as follows
Suddenly：
1) in a heated condition, by soft carbon powder, spraying carbon black, pitch coke powder, graphite powder, pore creating material, orientation auxiliary agent,
Modified coal tar pitch and lubricant carry out mixing extrusion process, obtain mixed material；
2) mixed material is ground, obtains the first mixed powder；
3) in a heated condition, roller sheet processing will be carried out after the first mixed powder mixing, obtain sheet material；
4) sheet material is crushed, milled processed, obtains the second mixed powder；
5) carbon brush green compact will be pressed into after the second mixed powder mixing；
6) carbon brush green compact is carried out successively calcination process, graphitization processing to get.
Wherein, soft carbon powder described in step 1) is prepared in accordance with the following steps：
1-A) in a heated condition, acetylene carbon black and stearic acid are uniformly mixed, obtain the first mixture；
1-B) continue in a heated condition, mid temperature pitch, coal tar to be added into the first mixture, is uniformly mixed, obtains
Second mixture；
The second mixture 1-C) is pressed into stock column；
1-D) stock column is carried out successively calcination process, quick graphitization processing, crushing grinding processing to get.
Wherein, the weight of the acetylene carbon black, stearic acid, mid temperature pitch and coal tar is：Acetylene carbon black 95-
105, stearic acid 0.4-0.6, mid temperature pitch 24-26, coal tar 24-26.
In particular, the acetylene carbon black, stearic acid, mid temperature pitch and coal tar weight be：Acetylene carbon black
100, stearic acid 0.5, mid temperature pitch 25, coal tar 25.
Especially, the softening point of the mid temperature pitch is 80-84 DEG C, and fixed carbon content is 38-40%.
Wherein, step 1-A) in heat temperature be 140-160 DEG C, preferably 150 DEG C；Incorporation time is 15-25min,
Preferably 20min；
Wherein, step 1-B) in heat temperature be 140-160 DEG C, preferably 150 DEG C；Incorporation time is 50-70min,
Preferably 60min.
Wherein, further include by step 1-B) in after second mixture obtained naturally cools to 80 DEG C, it is re-compacted at step
Stock column described in 1-C).
Wherein, step 1-C) described in compression process pressure be 5MPa.
Wherein, step 1-D) described in calcination process maximum temperature be 1200 DEG C.
Wherein, step 1-D) described in quickly graphitization processing maximum temperature be 2800 DEG C.
Wherein, step 1-D) described in crushing grinding processing include the following steps：
Stock column after quick graphitization processing is crushed to 10mm hereinafter, obtaining soft carbon fritter with jaw crusher；
Soft carbon fritter is ground to 74 μm hereinafter, obtaining soft carbon fine powder with Raymond mill；
By soft carbon fine powder with fluidized bed air flow crusher be ground to 16 μm to get.
Wherein, spray carbon black described in step 1) is the high-class product spray carbon black that ash content is less than 0.2%.
Wherein, pitch coke powder described in step 1) is needle-shaped pitch coke powder, and granularity is 45 μm.
Wherein, graphite powder described in step 1) is that sub-nanometer purifies (natural) graphite powder, is purified by natural cryptocrystal stone mill powder
For obtained powder size close to nano level graphite powder, granularity is 10 μm.
Wherein, pore creating material described in step 1) is one kind or more in starch, urea, azodicarbonamide or hard resin
Kind, preferably starch.
In particular, the hard resin be epoxy resin, phenolic resin, polyamide, one kind in furane resins or
It is a variety of.
One of pore creating material effect of the present invention is the hardness for adjusting carbon brush material, is conducive to the matching of carbon brush and motor；Make
With it second is that forming hole in carbon brush, the commutation ability of carbon brush is improved.
Locomotive traction motor is high power DC electric machine, and due to the limitation of locomotive, motor is difficult on main pole pole shoe
Compensative winding is installed, the commutation between motor positive and negative anodes commutator segment is mainly undertaken by carbon brush.It commutates from the point of view of carbon brush angle merely special
Point is as follows：When commutation, the electric current of positive and negative anodes commutator segment forms short circuit by carbon brush, and the resistance that such as commutates is not enough to bear to produce when short circuit
Raw energy of position, then carbon brush will discharge energy of position when being moved to next group of commutator segment, and cause the spark of certain grade；It is super
Certain grade is crossed, such asGrade or more, then there is visible spark, more than 2 grades, will generate and be harmful to spark, while motor is formed and is hindered
Evil.The gap formed in carbon brush can absorb part energy of position, and the motor spark grade under same working condition is made to reduce 1/4-
1/2 grade.
Wherein, it is boron nitride, titanium dioxide, fluorographite, pitch oxidization fiber, carbon fiber that auxiliary agent is oriented described in step 1)
It ties up, is in graphite fibre or class graphene one or more, preferably pitch oxidization fiber.
In particular, the pitch oxidization fiber is the oxidization fiber obtained through cure treatment and oxidation processes by pitch spinning,
It is prepared again through the milling that is chopped, length is about 74 μm.
In particular, the class graphene is to pass sequentially through powder made from high power expansion, air-flow crushing by natural graphite powder,
Its performance is close to graphene.
The orientation auxiliary agent of the present invention can improve the wearability and orientation of carbon brush.
The orientation auxiliary agent that the present invention adds, when carbon brush green compact is molded, due to the shape characteristic of itself, in high briquetting pressure
Under, selecting sexual orientation enhancing --- the resistivity for being parallel to die mould direction is apparently higher than the resistivity perpendicular to die mould direction, obtains
Obtain different performances.By certain direction when processing carbon brush, is conducive to carbon brush material and obtains smaller resistivity in conducting direction,
To allow through high current density；And larger resistivity is obtained in carbon brush commutation direction, electricity when commutation can be effectively reduced
Potential energy generates, to obtain excellent commutation ability.
Wherein, the lubricant described in step 1) is stearic acid, Metallic stearates, phthalate, macromolecule
It is one or more in complex ester.
In particular, the Metallic stearates are one kind in calcium stearate, magnesium stearate, zinc stearate, barium stearate
Or it is a variety of.
In particular, the phthalate is repefral, dioctyl phthalate, O-phthalic
It is one or more in sour di-isooctyl, dibutyl phthalate.
In particular, the macromolecule complex ester is by polyalcohol, dicarboxylic acids, higher fatty acids through esterification condensation, saponification
The complex ester that process obtains.
Especially, the macromolecule complex ester is G32-1 or GH-104.
The lubricant collaboration orientation auxiliary agent of the present invention, is conducive to obtain orientation when carbon brush molding under same briquetting pressure
More obvious carbon brush green compact, and obtain the carbon brush green compact of performance evenly.
Wherein, the softening point of modified coal tar pitch described in step 1) is 102-108 DEG C, and fixed carbon content is 60-62%.
Wherein, soft carbon powder described in step 1), spraying carbon black, pitch coke powder, graphite powder, pore creating material, orientation auxiliary agent,
The weight of modified coal tar pitch and lubricant is：Soft carbon 45-60, spraying carbon black 5-15, pitch coke powder 8-15, graphite powder
3-8, pore creating material 0.1-3.0, orientation auxiliary agent 0.5-3.0, modified coal tar pitch 30-33, lubricant 0.3-1.0 are helped.
Wherein, the temperature heated described in step 1) is 190-210 DEG C.
Wherein, the granularity of the first mixed powder described in step 2) is 48 μm.
Wherein, the mixing of the first mixed powder described in step 3) includes：
It is added the first mixed powder into the double paddle mixing machines for being preheated to 150-160 DEG C, it is persistently overheating and mix 60-80 points
Clock, constant temperature mixes 20 minutes or more when temperature rises to 190 DEG C.
Wherein, the temperature of the roller sheet processing described in step 3) is 150-170 DEG C, the thickness of the sheet material≤
1.5mm。
Wherein, the granularity of the second mixed powder described in step 4) is 74 μm.
Wherein, the second mixed powder incorporation time described in step 5) is 110-130 minutes, preferably 120 minutes.
Wherein, the pressure of the compression process described in step 5) is 17-19MPa, preferably 18MPa.
Higher briquetting pressure is conducive to carbon brush material composition and is orientated, and improves anisotropy, and make the performance of carbon brush material
Evenly, flexural strength higher achievees the effect that improve commutation capacity, increases wear-resisting property.
Wherein, the calcination process described in step 6) includes the following steps：
The pitch char particle that thickness is 100 ± 5mm is spread in stainless steel crucible bottom, wherein the grain size of the pitch micelle
For 2-4mm；
Carbon brush green compact is neatly placed in stainless steel crucible；
Carbon brush green compact surrounding is filled into the pitch char particle that upper thickness is 30-50mm, jolt ramming, in stainless steel crucible top cover
Carbon plate, filling thickness are no less than the pitch char particle of 150mm；
Filled stainless steel crucible is placed in roaster, calcination process is carried out in isolation air atmosphere, wherein roasting
The maximum temperature of processing is 1200 DEG C.
Wherein, the graphitization processing described in step 6) includes the following steps：
Dry carbon black is mated formation in graphitizing furnace bottom, compacting, wherein the thickness of the carbon black of mating formation is not less than
500mm；
By the carbon brush green compact proper alignment after roasting in graphitizing furnace, wherein between the carbon brush green compact after roasting
It is divided into 3 ± 1 millimeters；
By pitch char particle be filled in roasting after carbon brush green compact between and surrounding；
By carbon black filled in outermost surrounding；
Graphitizing furnace heating is subjected to graphitization processing to the carbon brush green compact after roasting, wherein the graphitization processing
Maximum temperature is 2600-2800 DEG C.
The purpose filled using pitch char particle during graphitization processing of the present invention is to increase carbon brush green compact graphitization
Conductiving point in the process enables carbon brush material uniformly through electric current, reaches the effect of waiting flow fields；Outermost layer is using carbon black filled
Purpose be heat preservation heat-insulating property and fabulous insulation performance using carbon black, be conducive to insulation in graphitizing process, keep the temperature,
Make carbon brush material graphitization reach 2800 DEG C to be smoothed out.
The method of the present invention has the following advantages that：
1, locomotive traction motor of the invention uses soft carbon for primary raw material with carbon brush, is aided with spraying carbon black, import
Needle-shaped pitch coke, and add conducive to orientation and wear resistant components, it is binder with modified coal tar pitch, passes through double helix exrusion mixing, stream
Change the grinding of bed Air Grinder, remixes, roller sheet, the techniques such as broken, grinding, ensure uniform the one of material structure to greatest extent
It causes.
2, locomotive traction motor of the invention is added that same carbon compatibility is strong, has orientation, improves material with carbon brush in formula
The conductive capability of material and orientation auxiliary agent and the pore-creating of the culture materials porosity, balancing material hardness for improving carbon brush commutation ability
Agent makes finished product carbon brush meet the requirements of locomotive traction motor carbon brush.
3, locomotive traction motor carbon brush of the invention is by using double helix exrusion mixing, fluid bed crushing, pitch coke
Grain is that filler carries out the techniques such as graphitization processing, so that the whole uniformity of carbon brush material, flexural strength is greatly improved, favorably
It is used in the case where vibrating operating mode.
4, locomotive traction motor of the invention is up to 18MPa with carbon brush briquetting pressure, is aided with pore creating material and orientation auxiliary agent, both
Be conducive to the high current of carbon brush, and improve the degree of commutation of carbon brush, solves between high commutation ability and high operating current
Contradiction, can effectively improve the commutation capacity of carbon brush, and commutation resistivity reaches 68-71 μ Ω Μ, it is reachable to work at the same time current density
18A/cm2More than.
If 5, locomotive traction motor of the invention does not make any post-processing of carbon brush, service life is up to 1.28mm/
Ten thousand locomotive kilometers are twice of conventional locomotive traction motor carbon brush service life, while greatly improving motor surface
State；After post-treated technique, service life will improve 60% or more again.
6, the conducting direction resistivity of locomotive traction motor carbon brush of the invention is relatively low, and the resistance that commutates is larger, both may be used
It is applicable to electric locomotive traction motor again suitable for diesel locomotive traction electric machine.
Specific implementation mode
The invention will now be further described with reference to specific embodiments, the advantages and features of the present invention will be with description and
It is apparent.But examples are merely exemplary for these, and it is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention in any way.People in the art
Member it should be understood that without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention can to the details of technical solution of the present invention and form into
Row modifications or substitutions, but these modifications and replacement are each fallen in protection scope of the present invention.
Embodiment 1
1. preparing soft carbon powder
1-A) (kg) is stocked up according to following weight proportion：
Acetylene carbon black and stearic acid 1-B) are added into the double paddle mixing kettles for be preheated to 150 DEG C, closes lid mixing 20 minutes, so
Mid temperature pitch and coal tar are added afterwards, closes lid mixing 60 minutes, closes power supply, obtain mixed material.
1-C) mixed material is taken out, after naturally cooling to 80 DEG C, is pressed into stock column；Wherein, the pressure of compression process is
5MPa。
1-D) stock column is placed in roaster, completely cuts off air roasting, 1200 DEG C of maximum temperature keeps the temperature 10 hours, Baking profile
288 hours；Stock column after roasting is fitted into graphitizing furnace by cooling after coming out of the stove, and using pitch char particle as filler, be powered quick graphite
Change (can freely heat up), processing holding 4 hours at 2800 DEG C of maximum temperature.
The stock column after graphitization processing 1-E) is crushed to 10mm with jaw crusher to grind hereinafter, being subsequently placed into Raymond mill
74 μm are milled to, 16 μm are milled to finally by fluidized bed air flow crusher (Kunshan close friend's micro jet Co., Ltd).
2, carbon brush blank is prepared
2-A) prepare raw material (kg) according to following weight proportion：
2-B) mix extrusion process
By nine sections of preheatings of second segment-the of double helix exrusion mixing machine (Nanjing Cole gram squeezes out Equipment Limited) material chamber
To 120 DEG C, by step 2-A) in raw material be at the uniform velocity added in the first segment material chamber of double helix exrusion mixing machine, be continuously heating to
190 DEG C and mixing extrusion process is carried out, obtains mixed material；
2-C) first time milled processed
Mixed material is placed in milling in Raymond mill to be subsequently placed into fluidized bed air flow crusher and be milled to 48 μ to 74 μm
m。
It 2-D) mixes, roller sheet
Double paddle mixing machines are preheated to 150 DEG C, will be crushed in 48 μm of the double paddle mixing machines of mixed material input, close Gai Ji
Temperature of continuing rising simultaneously mixes 60 minutes, when temperature reaches 190 DEG C, then maintains temperature mixing 20 minutes, is then shut off power supply；It takes out mixed
Material is closed, on the rubber mixing machine of 150-170 DEG C of preheated nip roll temperature, roller sheet processing, material thickness three times is carried out continuously and is less than
1.5mm。
2-E) second of milled processed
By step 2-D) made from tablet input crusher in, be crushed to 15mm and ground hereinafter, being then added in Raymond mill
Wear into the powder that grain size is 74 μm.
It 2-F) is mixed, is molded
Above-mentioned powder is added in double-spiral conical mixer after being mixed 120 minutes, by carrying ferromagnetic discharging
Mouth discharge, is made moulding powder；
Moulding powder is fitted into the floating die of 124mm × 142mm, progress Bidirectional pressure system on 315 tons of four-column hydraulic press is placed in,
Carbon brush green billet is made, wherein the pressure of compacting is 17MPa.
2-G) calcination process
The pitch char particle that thickness is 100 ± 5mm is spread in stainless steel crucible bottom, wherein the grain size of the pitch char particle
For 2-4mm；
Carbon brush green billet is neatly placed in stainless steel crucible；
Carbon brush green billet surrounding is filled into the pitch char particle that upper thickness is 30-50mm, jolt ramming, in stainless steel crucible top cover
Upper carbon plate, filling thickness are no less than the pitch char particle of 150mm, prevent carbon brush green billet from being aoxidized in roasting；
Filled stainless steel crucible is placed in roaster, isolation air carries out anaerobic sintering, obtains roasting blank,
In, keep the temperature 5 hours under the conditions of 1200 DEG C of maximum temperature.
2-H) graphitization processing
Dry carbon black is mated formation in graphitizing furnace bottom, compacting, wherein the thickness of the carbon black of mating formation is not less than
500mm；
Blank proper alignment will be roasted in graphitizing furnace, wherein be divided into 3 ± 1 millimeters between roasting blank；
By pitch char particle be filled in roasting after carbon brush green compact between and surrounding；
By carbon black filled in outermost surrounding；
Graphitizing furnace power supply is opened, graphitization processing is carried out to roasting blank using the heating process of low-voltage, high current,
To obtain the final product.
Wherein, the maximum temperature of graphitization processing is 2800 DEG C, keeps the temperature 4 hours at this temperature.
The graphitizing furnace of the present invention uses high frequency switch power, primary voltage 380V, output secondary voltage 30-70V, electric current
10000A, graphitizing process can be precisely controlled, and the energy and Environmental costs are substantially reduced, and be conducive to carbon brush material performance
Stabilization, improve.
To carbon brush blank obtained, according to《JB/T 8133.1-2013 electric carbon product physical and chemical performances test method the 1st
Part:Sample processing technology provides》It is processed into 10mm × 10mm × 64mm samples and the carbon brush of 12.5mm × 25mm × 40mm, and
According to《JB/T8133.2-2013 electric carbon product physical and chemical performance test method part 2s：Resistivity》、《JB/T8133.3-
2013 electric carbon product physical and chemical performance test method third portions：Rockwell hardness》、《JB/T8133.7-2013 electric carbon product objects
The 7th part of Physicochemical method for testing performance：Flexural strength》、《JB/T8133.14-2013 electric carbon product physical and chemical performances are tested
The 14th part of method：Bulk density》、《JB/T8155-2001 brush for electromachine runnability test methods》It is tested for the property,
Test result is shown in Table 1.
Embodiment 2
1. preparing soft carbon powder
In addition to step 1-A) according to following weight proportion stock (kg)：
Acetylene carbon black 95
Stearic acid 0.4
Mid temperature pitch 24
Except coal tar 24, remaining is same as Example 1.
2, carbon brush blank is prepared
2-A) prepare raw material (kg) according to following weight proportion：
2-B) mix extrusion process
Nine sections of the second segment-the of double helix exrusion mixing machine material chamber is preheated to 110 DEG C, by step 2-A) in raw material it is even
Speed is added in the first segment material chamber of double helix exrusion mixing machine, is continuously heating to 200 DEG C and is carried out mixing extrusion process, obtains
Mixed material；
2-C) first time milled processed
Mixed material is placed in milling in Raymond mill to be subsequently placed into fluidized bed air flow crusher and be milled to 48 μ to 74 μm
m。
It 2-D) mixes, roller sheet
Double paddle mixing machines are preheated to 155 DEG C, will be crushed in 48 μm of the double paddle mixing machines of mixed material input, close Gai Ji
Temperature of continuing rising simultaneously mixes 80 minutes, and when temperature reaches 190 DEG C, then constant temperature mixes 25 minutes, is then shut off power supply, takes out mixture
Material is carried out continuously roller sheet processing three times on the rubber mixing machine of 150-170 DEG C of preheated nip roll temperature, and material thickness is less than 1.5mm.
2-E) second of milled processed
By step 2-D) made from tablet input crusher in, be crushed to 15mm and ground hereinafter, being then added in Raymond mill
Wear into the powder that grain size is 74 μm.
It 2-F) is mixed, is molded
Above-mentioned powder is added in double-spiral conical mixer and is mixed 110 minutes, then by carry it is ferromagnetic go out
Material mouth is discharged, and moulding powder is made；
Moulding powder is fitted into the floating die of 124mm × 142mm, progress Bidirectional pressure system on 315 tons of four-column hydraulic press is placed in,
Carbon brush green billet is made, wherein the pressure of compacting is 18MPa.
2-G) calcination process is same as Example 1.
2-H) graphitization processing is same as Example 1.
To carbon brush blank obtained, according to《JB/T 8133.1-2013 electric carbon product physical and chemical performances test method the 1st
Part:Sample processing technology provides》It is processed into 10mm × 10mm × 64mm samples and the carbon brush of 12.5mm × 25mm × 40mm, and
According to《JB/T8133.2-2013 electric carbon product physical and chemical performance test method part 2s：Resistivity》、《JB/T8133.3-
2013 electric carbon product physical and chemical performance test method third portions：Rockwell hardness》、《JB/T8133.7-2013 electric carbon product objects
The 7th part of Physicochemical method for testing performance：Flexural strength》、《JB/T8133.14-2013 electric carbon product physical and chemical performances are tested
The 14th part of method：Bulk density》、《JB/T8155-2001 brush for electromachine runnability test methods》It is tested for the property,
Test result is shown in Table 1.
Embodiment 3
1. preparing soft carbon powder
In addition to step 1-A) according to following weight proportion stock (kg)：
Acetylene carbon black 105
Stearic acid 0.6
Mid temperature pitch 26
Except coal tar 26, remaining is same as Example 1.
2, carbon brush blank is prepared
2-A) prepare raw material (kg) according to following weight proportion：
2-B) mix extrusion process
Nine sections of the second segment-the of double helix exrusion mixing machine material chamber is preheated to 130 DEG C, by step 2-A) in raw material it is even
Speed is added in the first segment material chamber of double helix exrusion mixing machine, is continuously heating to 210 DEG C and is carried out mixing extrusion process, obtains
Mixed material；
2-C) first time milled processed
Mixed material is placed in milling in Raymond mill to be subsequently placed into fluidized bed air flow crusher and be milled to 48 μ to 74 μm
m。
It 2-D) mixes, roller sheet
Double paddle mixing machines are preheated to 160 DEG C, will be ground in 48 μm of the double paddle mixing machines of mixed material input, close the lid
Son continues to heat up and mix 70 minutes, when temperature reaches 190 DEG C, then maintains temperature mixing 30 minutes, is then shut off power supply, takes
Go out mixed material, on the rubber mixing machine of 150-170 DEG C of preheated nip roll temperature, it is small to be carried out continuously roller sheet processing, material thickness three times
In 1.5mm.
2-E) second of milled processed
By step 2-D) made from tablet input crusher in, be crushed to 15mm and ground hereinafter, being then added in Raymond mill
Wear into the powder that grain size is 74 μm.
It 2-F) mixes, molding
Above-mentioned powder is added in double-spiral conical mixer and mixes 130 minutes, then by carry it is ferromagnetic go out
Material mouth is discharged, and moulding powder is made；
Moulding powder is fitted into the floating die of 124mm × 142mm, progress Bidirectional pressure system on 315 tons of four-column hydraulic press is placed in,
Green compact is made, wherein the pressure of compacting is 19MPa.
2-G) calcination process is same as Example 1.
2-H) graphitization processing is same as Example 1.
To carbon brush blank obtained, according to《JB/T 8133.1-2013 electric carbon product physical and chemical performances test method the 1st
Part:Sample processing technology provides》It is processed into 10mm × 10mm × 64mm samples and the carbon brush of 12.5mm × 25mm × 40mm, and
According to《JB/T8133.2-2013 electric carbon product physical and chemical performance test method part 2s：Resistivity》、《JB/T8133.3-
2013 electric carbon product physical and chemical performance test method third portions：Rockwell hardness》、《JB/T8133.7-2013 electric carbon product objects
The 7th part of Physicochemical method for testing performance：Flexural strength》、《JB/T8133.14-2013 electric carbon product physical and chemical performances are tested
The 14th part of method：Bulk density》、《JB/T8155-2001 brush for electromachine runnability test methods》It is tested for the property,
Test result is shown in Table 1.
Embodiment 4
Step 2-A in addition to preparing carbon brush blank) according to following weight proportion preparation raw material (kg)：Soft carbon powder 45；
Spray carbon black 8；Needle-shaped pitch coke powder 8；Graphite powder 3；Azodicarbonamide 0.1；Pitch oxidization fiber 0.5；Calcium stearate 0.3；Change
Except matter pitch 32, remaining is same as Example 1.
To carbon brush blank obtained, according to《JB/T 8133.1-2013 electric carbon product physical and chemical performances test method the 1st
Part:Sample processing technology provides》It is processed into 10mm × 10mm × 64mm samples and the carbon brush of 12.5mm × 25mm × 40mm, and
According to《JB/T8133.2-2013 electric carbon product physical and chemical performance test method part 2s：Resistivity》、《JB/T8133.3-
2013 electric carbon product physical and chemical performance test method third portions：Rockwell hardness》、《JB/T8133.7-2013 electric carbon product objects
The 7th part of Physicochemical method for testing performance：Flexural strength》、《JB/T8133.14-2013 electric carbon product physical and chemical performances are tested
The 14th part of method：Bulk density》、《JB/T8155-2001 brush for electromachine runnability test methods》It is tested for the property,
Test result is shown in Table 1.
Embodiment 5
Step 2-A in addition to preparing carbon brush blank) according to following weight proportion preparation raw material (kg)：Soft carbon powder 60；
Spray carbon black 6；Needle-shaped pitch coke powder 8；Graphite powder 3；Hard resin 1.0；Class graphene 0.2；Dibutyl phthalate 1.0；
Except modified coal tar pitch 32, remaining is same as Example 2.
To carbon brush blank obtained, according to《JB/T 8133.1-2013 electric carbon product physical and chemical performances test method the 1st
Part:Sample processing technology provides》It is processed into 10mm × 10mm × 64mm samples and the carbon brush of 12.5mm × 25mm × 40mm, and
According to《JB/T8133.2-2013 electric carbon product physical and chemical performance test method part 2s：Resistivity》、《JB/T8133.3-
2013 electric carbon product physical and chemical performance test method third portions：Rockwell hardness》、《JB/T8133.7-2013 electric carbon product objects
The 7th part of Physicochemical method for testing performance：Flexural strength》、《JB/T8133.14-2013 electric carbon product physical and chemical performances are tested
The 14th part of method：Bulk density》、《JB/T8155-2001 brush for electromachine runnability test methods》It is tested for the property,
Test result is shown in Table 1.
Embodiment 6
Step 2-A in addition to preparing carbon brush blank) according to following weight proportion preparation raw material (kg)：Soft carbon powder 60；
Spray carbon black 5；Needle-shaped pitch coke powder 8；Graphite powder 5；Starch 3；Carbon fiber 3；Macromolecule complex ester (G32-1) 1.0；Modified coal tar pitch
Except 30, remaining is same as Example 3.
To carbon brush blank obtained, according to《JB/T 8133.1-2013 electric carbon product physical and chemical performances test method the 1st
Part:Sample processing technology provides》It is processed into 10mm × 10mm × 64mm samples and the carbon brush of 12.5mm × 25mm × 40mm, and
According to《JB/T8133.2-2013 electric carbon product physical and chemical performance test method part 2s：Resistivity》、《JB/T8133.3-
2013 electric carbon product physical and chemical performance test method third portions：Rockwell hardness》、《JB/T8133.7-2013 electric carbon product objects
The 7th part of Physicochemical method for testing performance：Flexural strength》、《JB/T8133.14-2013 electric carbon product physical and chemical performances are tested
The 14th part of method：Bulk density》、《JB/T8155-2001 brush for electromachine runnability test methods》It is tested for the property,
Test result is shown in Table 1.
Reference examples
Carbon brush material is prepared using traditional traction electric machine factory formula and technique
1, prepare raw material (kg) according to following weight proportion：
Wherein, one stage of the carbon black expects by the mixing of acetylene carbon black/spray carbon black and mid temperature pitch and coal tar/carbolineum
Material, fired, broken, milling are made, raw material when being conventional produce.
Wherein, the electrical carbon graphite refers to the crystalline graphite powder of phosphorus content 94/95%.
2) material mixing, roller sheet
Mixing machine is preheated to 120 DEG C or more, successively input spraying carbon black, one stage of carbon black material, electrical carbon into mixing machine
It after graphite, closes the lid, continues to heat up and mix 30 minutes；Then it is uniformly added into mid temperature pitch into mixing machine, closes the lid,
Continue to heat up and mix 45 minutes, after material temperature reaches 165 DEG C, continues to close lid constant temperature mixing 60 minutes, close power supply, take out mixed
Close material；On the rubber mixing machine of 140-150 DEG C of preheated nip roll temperature, it is carried out continuously roller sheet processing, material thickness three times and is less than
2mm。
3) it crushes
Mixture tablet made from step 2) is broken, it is placed in universal mill and is ground into the powder that granularity is 74 μm.
4) it is molded
Powder is fitted into the floating die of 124mm × 142mm, is placed in 315 tons of four-column hydraulic press and is suppressed, life is made
Base, wherein compression moulding pressure is 14MPa.
5) it roasts, be graphitized
Green compact is fitted into stainless steel crucible, quartz sand filler, jolt ramming are filled, isolation air carries out anaerobic sintering, wherein
Highest calcination temperature is 1200 DEG C, keeps the temperature 5 hours at this temperature.
Green compact after roasting is fitted into graphitizing furnace, carbon black filled, the progress graphitization processing of roasting blank surrounding, i.e.,
.Wherein, graphitization processing maximum temperature is 2600-2800 DEG C, is kept for 4 hours at this temperature,.
To carbon brush blank obtained, according to《JB/T 8133.1-2013 electric carbon product physical and chemical performances test method the 1st
Part:Sample processing technology provides》It is processed into 10mm × 10mm × 64mm samples and the carbon brush of 12.5mm × 25mm × 40mm, and
According to《JB/T8133.2-2013 electric carbon product physical and chemical performance test method part 2s：Resistivity》、《JB/T8133.3-
2013 electric carbon product physical and chemical performance test method third portions：Rockwell hardness》、《JB/T8133.7-2013 electric carbon product objects
The 7th part of Physicochemical method for testing performance：Flexural strength》、《JB/T8133.14-2013 electric carbon product physical and chemical performances are tested
The 14th part of method：Bulk density》、《JB/T8155-2001 brush for electromachine runnability test methods》It is tested for the property,
Test result is shown in Table 1.
1 properties of product testing result of table
The testing result of table 1 shows the locomotive traction motor carbon brush prepared using the method for the present invention, resistivity 48-
54μΩ.m；Flexural strength >=25MPa；Commutation/conduction is anisotropic than being 1.35-1.42；50H wear rates≤0.050mm.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of preparation method of locomotive traction motor carbon brush, which is characterized in that include the following steps：
1) in a heated condition, by soft carbon powder, spraying carbon black, pitch coke powder, graphite powder, pore creating material, orientation auxiliary agent, modification
Pitch and lubricant carry out mixing extrusion process, obtain mixed material；
2) mixed material is ground, obtains the first mixed powder；
3) in a heated condition, roller sheet processing will be carried out after the first mixed powder mixing, obtain sheet material；
4) sheet material is crushed, milled processed, obtains the second mixed powder；
5) carbon brush green compact will be pressed into after the second mixed powder mixing；
6) carbon brush green compact is carried out successively calcination process, graphitization processing to get；
Wherein, soft carbon powder described in step 1) is prepared in accordance with the following steps：
1-A) in a heated condition, acetylene carbon black and stearic acid are uniformly mixed, obtain the first mixture；
1-B) continue in a heated condition, mid temperature pitch, coal tar to be added into the first mixture, is uniformly mixed, obtains second
Mixture；
The second mixture 1-C) is pressed into stock column；
1-D) stock column is carried out successively calcination process, quick graphitization processing, attrition grinding processing to get；
Wherein, the weight of the acetylene carbon black, stearic acid, mid temperature pitch and coal tar is：It is acetylene carbon black 95-105, hard
Resin acid 0.4-0.6, mid temperature pitch 24-26, coal tar 24-26.
2. preparation method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that step 1-A) described in the temperature that heats be 140-
160 DEG C, incorporation time 15-25min；Step 1-B) described in the temperature that heats be 140-160 DEG C, incorporation time 50-
70min。
3. preparation method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the pore creating material is starch, urea, two formyl of azo
It is one or more in amine or hard resin.
4. preparation method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the orientation auxiliary agent is boron nitride, titanium dioxide, fluorine
It is one or more in graphite, pitch oxidization fiber, carbon fiber, graphite fibre or class graphene.
5. preparation method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the lubricant is stearic acid, metallic stearic
It is one or more in salt, phthalate, macromolecule complex ester.
6. preparation method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the soft carbon powder, spraying carbon black, pitch coke
Powder, graphite powder, pore creating material, orientation auxiliary agent, modified coal tar pitch and lubricant weight be：Soft carbon powder 45-60, spraying
Carbon black 5-15, pitch coke powder 8-15, graphite powder 3-8, pore creating material 0.1-3.0, orientation auxiliary agent 0.2-3.0, modified coal tar pitch 30-33,
Lubricant 0.3-1.0.
7. preparation method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the pressure of the compression moulding described in step 5) is
17-19MPa。
8. preparation method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the calcination process described in step 6) includes following step
Suddenly：
The pitch char particle that thickness is 100 ± 5mm is spread in stainless steel crucible bottom, wherein the grain size of the pitch char particle is 2-
4mm；
Carbon brush green compact is neatly placed in stainless steel crucible；
Carbon brush green compact surrounding is filled into the pitch char particle that upper thickness is 30-50mm, jolt ramming, the carbon in stainless steel crucible top cover
Plate, filling thickness are not less than the pitch char particle of 150mm；
Filled stainless steel crucible is placed in roaster, carries out calcination process in the case where completely cutting off air atmosphere, wherein the roasting
The maximum temperature for burning processing is 1200 DEG C.
9. preparation method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the graphitization processing described in step 6) includes as follows
Step：
Dry carbon black is mated formation in graphitizing furnace bottom, compacting, wherein the thickness of the carbon black of mating formation is not less than 500mm；
By the carbon brush green compact proper alignment after roasting in graphitizing furnace, wherein be divided into 3 between the carbon brush green compact after roasting
± 1 millimeter；
By pitch char particle be filled in roasting after carbon brush green compact between and surrounding；
By carbon black filled in outermost surrounding；
Graphitizing furnace heating is subjected to graphitization processing to the carbon brush green compact after roasting, wherein the highest of the graphitization processing
Temperature is 2600-2800 DEG C.
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| CN106549283B (en) * | 2016-10-28 | 2019-03-15 | 湖南大学 | A kind of friction film has the resin type electrical carbon material and preparation method thereof of self-regeneration function |
| DE102017131341A1 (en) * | 2017-12-27 | 2019-06-27 | Schunk Carbon Technology Gmbh | Carbon brush and method of manufacture |
| CN108963709A (en) * | 2018-06-28 | 2018-12-07 | 大同新成新材料股份有限公司 | A kind of preparation method of electric brush for electric tool motor |
| CN111592355A (en) * | 2020-05-25 | 2020-08-28 | 海门市恒昌碳业有限公司 | Carbon block stable in use and preparation process thereof |
| CN112028659B (en) * | 2020-08-13 | 2021-09-10 | 湖南大学 | Carbon graphite material and preparation method thereof |
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