CN106033686A - Nuclear reactor shutdown device with high reliability - Google Patents
Nuclear reactor shutdown device with high reliability Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN106033686A CN106033686A CN201510598555.5A CN201510598555A CN106033686A CN 106033686 A CN106033686 A CN 106033686A CN 201510598555 A CN201510598555 A CN 201510598555A CN 106033686 A CN106033686 A CN 106033686A
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- China
- Prior art keywords
- nuclear reactor
- burnable poison
- fuel tank
- guide pipe
- control rod
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- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
- Y02E30/30—Nuclear fission reactors
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of reactivity control of a nuclear reactor, and particularly relates to a nuclear reactor shutdown device with high reliability. The device is installed above a nuclear reactor control rod guide tube support plate, and the whole device takes a fuel tank as a main structure; a head cover is installed at the upper end of the fuel tank, the fuel tank is filled with combustible poison balls, a guide grid partition plate and a solenoid switch are installed on the fuel tank, and a valve and a combustible poison guide tube are installed at the lower end of the fuel tank. When the nuclear reactor needs to be subjected to shutdown, the solenoid switch is turned off, a valve is switched on, and the combustible poison balls in the fuel tank can fall under the action of gravity, flow into a control rod guide tube along the combustible poison ball guide tube and enter a reactor core; boron in the combustible poison balls can absorb neutrons in the nuclear reactor, reactivity of the nuclear reactor is reduced, and shutdown is achieved. The nuclear reactor shutdown device is simple in structure manufacturing and small in occupied area, tapping on the head cover of a pressure vessel is not needed, falling is accurate, reaction is rapid, the rod seizure accident cannot occur, and high reliability is achieved.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to nuclear power plant meet an urgent need security technology area, particularly to a kind of nuclear reactor shutdown unit with higher reliability.
Background technology
Reactivity control system is for controlling the reactivity of nuclear reactor, and this system includes molten Ore-controlling Role and rod control system.Nuclear power plant have an accident need shutdown time, boric acid solution can be injected in nuclear reactor, and control rod falls into nuclear reactor simultaneously, absorbs the neutron in reactor core, makes reactive reduction, final shutdown.
Properly functioning reactor belongs to critical reactor, adds the control rod containing boron element to control its reactive need in fuel rod, adds boric acid solution in coolant.Boron element has higher neutron-capture cross section, can absorb neutron, therefore can reach to control the effect of pile reactivity by the boric acid solution concentration in elevating control rod and regulation coolant.In dress heap for the first time, reactor includes, fuel rod, control rod, burnable poison and resistance plug assembly.In second time circulation, burnable poison is removed, and changes resistance plug assembly.And control in addition to assemblies except these, some is shutdown control rod, generally these shut-down rods being not inserted in reactor core, until nuclear power plant has an accident, shut-down rod can fall into nuclear reactor, plays the effect of shutdown.
When reactor occurs that accident needs emergency shut-down, CRDM power-off, the control rod being about 3 rice diameter 1 centimetre can be under gravity, reactor core is dropped to along control rod guide pipe, under powering-off state, it is 3.2 seconds that control rod freely falls to the maximum duration of extreme lower position from extreme higher position.During concentrated boric acid solution is injected into reactor coolant simultaneously.
In place of above-mentioned reactor shut-off system Shortcomings:
(1) molten Ore-controlling Role is slower for reaction time；
(2) control rod is long, due to thermal expansion it may happen that deformation in the reactor of high temperature, therefore card rod can occur in dropping process；
(3) CRDM is complex, it is possible to card rod or the accident that by mistake falls occur；
(4) control rod length is longer, takies larger space；
(5) control rod length is longer, needs perforate on top cover of reactor pressure vessel, reduces pressure vessel safety;
(5) original burnable poison position is idle, causes the waste using space.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is directed to the deficiencies in the prior art, it is provided that the globose nucleus reactor emergency stop means that a kind of reliability is high.
The technical solution used in the present invention is:
This nuclear reactor shutdown unit replaces original control rod shut-down rod；Described device is positioned in the position of original insertion shut-down rod, is positioned at above control rod guide pipe gripper shoe；Described apparatus main body is the fuel tank of a cuboid, and top is with top cover, internal equipped with burnable poison ball, steering gate dividing plate and electro-magnet switch, lower end connecting valve and burnable poison ball guide pipe.When nuclear reactor have an accident need shutdown time, electric magnet opens the light power-off, valve is opened, burnable poison ball in fuel tank is flowed in control rod guide pipe by burnable poison ball guide pipe, rising piled up in control rod guide pipe by burnable poison ball, boron element in burnable poison ball absorbs the neutron in nuclear reactor so that nuclear reactor reactivity declines final shutdown.
Fuel tank in described device is a cuboid cavity, and its bottom surface is more bigger than shut-down rod assembly, if the length of side is L, is then highly 3.1 times of its base length of side, and cavity wall thickness is 2 millimeters；Upper end covers tightly after feeding with top cover；Four, lower end drift angle is with alignment pin；Lower surface does not fully seal, and has the square hollow slots of n block length, every piece of dead slot correspondence string control rod guide pipe mouth of pipe.
Burnable poison ball in described device, it is made up of 304 rustless steels, for the rustless steel bead with through hole, it is perforated with a toroidal cavity around pipe inside bead, toroidal cavity volume accounts for 95 percent that burnable poison ball complement is long-pending, is divided into upper and lower two parts in cavity, and upper part accounts for the 20% of total cavity volume, being filled with helium, internal pressure is 0.25 times of reactor primary side pressure.Add helium and can reduce the self gravitation of burnable poison ball, prevent and treat that falling speed is too fast to cause damage to bottom device.Meanwhile, annular deflection one end, helium chamber can make neutron reflection ball axially fall along through hole when falling；Lower part inserts boron glass, and its composition is SiO2 and B2O3.When an accident occurs, burnable poison ball falls in control rod guide pipe, and the boron element in boron glass has bigger neutron absorption cross-section, can absorb neutron, reduces pile reactivity so that nuclear reactor gradually shutdown.Now, the helium chamber in burnable poison, except playing the effect controlling burnable poison ball falling state, it is also possible to for accommodating the helium that the boron element in boron glass produces with neutron reaction, prevents and treats the excessive breakage caused of burnable poison ball internal pressure.The burnable poison radius of a ball is 0.6 times of burnable poison ball guide pipe outlet diameter, and more than control rod guide pipe discharge orifice diameter so that it is can fall in vertical pipeline, and will not flow out from discharge orifice；Wherein 0.28 times of through hole a diameter of burnable poison ball, when burnable poison ball is flowed in control rod guide pipe, through hole be used for balance bead in control rod guide pipe time hydraulic pressure up and down；When nuclear reactor safety runs, burnable poison ball is placed in fuel tank.
Steering gate dividing plate in described device, it is positioned at fuel tank interior, it is that two hollow right-angle prismatic cones are formed by connecting, it is arranged on fuel tank lower surface, below grid separator plate, rectangular space is used for installing electro-magnet switch, and steering gate dividing plate is laterally total to n block, longitudinally has n block, for making burnable poison ball be flowed into smoothly in burnable poison ball guide pipe, and the burnable poison ball flowed in control rod guide pipe is carried out quantitatively.
Electro-magnet switch and valve in corresponding device are used in burnable poison ball burnable poison the to be fallen into ball guide pipe controlling in fuel tank；Total n electro-magnet switch and n valve, the corresponding valve of each electro-magnet switch.Electric magnet is that cuboid switch is positioned at fuel tank interior, below steering gate dividing plate, comprise 6 iron staffs inside cuboid to be evenly arranged, iron staff lower end and fuel cell bottom end are to flat, it is tied with wire on each iron staff and forms independent electric magnet, circuit uses parallel way, and the overall electro-magnet switch that the road breakage of preventing portion separated time causes lost efficacy, and caused burnable poison ball to fall by mistake；Power supply uses nuclear power plant's station service, and when there is the loss of power accident, electro-magnet switch disconnects automatically；Valve is a rectangle stainless steel substrates, and wherein a long limit is hinged on fuel tank lower end, when valve closes, electro-magnet switch is close in the most hinged one end, and held by electric magnet, rectangle stainless steel substrates can just seal the hollow slots below fuel tank, stops burnable poison ball to fall.
Burnable poison ball guide pipe in described device, is similar to funnel shaped by n × n, and big opening upwards is connected with fuel tank lower end, and big opening is corresponding with valve openings.Lower end is inserted in control rod guide pipe.After valve opening, burnable poison ball drops in burnable poison ball guide pipe, and drops in control rod guide pipe along guide pipe.
The invention have the benefit that
(1) present invention compare with Traditional control rod for structure compacter；
(2) present invention is due to compact conformation, therefore without perforate on top cover of reactor pressure vessel；
(3) present invention uses burnable poison ball to absorb seed, and rod seizure accident will not occur, and safety is higher；
(4) present invention is simple and clear compared to design for CRDM, and reliability is higher；
(5) motility of the present invention is strong, the most applicable by simply adjusting for different heap-type, different requirement；
(6) strong adaptability of the present invention, is applicable to active service nuclear reactor and without equipment in reactor is carried out bigger change；
(7) present invention area coverage in control rod guide pipe gripper shoe is relatively big, to having higher radiation protection ability above reactor vessel.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1, Fig. 2 are respectively schematic diagram and the generalized section of reactor emergency stop means；
Fig. 3, Fig. 4 are respectively schematic diagram and the schematic diagram of fuel tank section of fuel tank；
Fig. 5, Fig. 6 are respectively schematic diagram and the schematic diagram of burnable poison ball section of burnable poison ball；
Fig. 7, Fig. 8 are respectively schematic diagram and the schematic diagram of steering gate dividing plate right side view of the left side view of steering gate dividing plate；
Fig. 9, Figure 10 are respectively schematic diagram and the schematic diagram of electromagnetic switch section of electromagnetic switch；
Figure 11 is the schematic diagram of valve；
Figure 12,13 it is respectively the schematic diagram of burnable poison guide pipe and the schematic diagram of burnable poison guide pipe section；
Symbol description
1 is electric magnet
B is the vitreous body containing boron element.
Detailed description of the invention
The present invention provides the nuclear reactor emergency stop means that a kind of reliability is high, and the present invention will be further described with detailed description of the invention below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
Assume that nuclear reactor control cluster is three structures taking advantage of three, being illustrated in figure 1 an overall schematic of apparatus of the present invention, present device, externally with fuel tank as agent structure, adds top set lid above it, internally installed have steering gate dividing plate, positioned beneath burnable poison guide pipe；Profile as shown in Figure 2, it can be seen that fuel tank interior lower end electromagnetic switch to be installed additional and valve, and in fuel tank, to place neutron reflection ball and burnable poison ball；When nuclear reactor needs shutdown, electromagnetic switch power-off, valve is opened, burnable poison ball in fuel tank falls, dropping in control rod guide tube along burnable poison ball guide pipe, be flowed in reactor core, the boron element in burnable poison ball can absorb neutron, reduce nuclear reactor reactive, thus reach the effect of shutdown.
Being the fuel tank with top cover as shown in Figure 3, Figure 4, use plate sheet welding to form, upper articulation has top cover, lower end to have three slots, and corner, lower end is used for linking valve with hinge hole with alignment pin, both sides, lower end.
If Fig. 5, Fig. 6 are burnable poison ball, using 304 rustless steels, with through hole in the middle part of bead, inside has cavity, inserts boron glass below cavity, and its composition is SiO2 and B2O3；Superjacent air space is filled with helium, produces, for alleviating to fall at burnable poison ball, the pressure that gas is brought after in nuclear reactor.After being filled with helium, entrance is welded.
It is steering gate dividing plate as shown in Figure 7, Figure 8, longitudinally three pieces, horizontal two pieces, by intercalating dye case after interpolation.For the burnable poison ball in fuel tank is carried out rationed,
As shown in Figure 9, Figure 10, electromagnetic switch is rectangular structure, and inside comprises 5 electromagnet elements, uses parallel way to be linked on the station service of nuclear power plant, it is to avoid the Wu that single fault causes opens phenomenon.Whole electromagnetic switch uses the screw back of the body to be fixed on fuel tank lower shoe.
Being valve as shown in figure 11, simple structure, wherein one end is directly hinged on the hinge hole below fuel tank.
Being burnable poison guide pipe as shown in Figure 12 and Figure 13, use the mode of welding, be placed in below fuel tank, guide pipe lower end is inserted in control rod guide pipe.
When nuclear reactor needs shutdown, electro-magnet switch disconnects, and the burnable poison ball in fuel tank presses off valve under gravity, is flowed in control rod guide pipe along burnable poison guide pipe, boron element in burnable poison absorbs neutron, thus reduces nuclear reactor reactivity and make its gradually shutdown.
Claims (6)
- The most novel nuclear reactor shutdown unit, it is characterised in that space more saved by the fuel tank of cuboid, it is not necessary to perforate on pressure vessels top cover；Use spherical burnable poison, traditional rod seizure accident will not occur；Use the electromagnetic switch of multiple parallel connection, it is to avoid valve opens by mistake and opens；When valve is opened, fall into reactor core not against extra powered burnable poison ball, reached passive effect.
- Nuclear reactor shutdown unit the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that this device back of the body is arranged on above control rod guide pipe gripper shoe, and the structure of its cuboid avoids perforate on pressure vessels top cover, this provides for improved the safety of whole nuclear reactor.
- Nuclear reactor shutdown unit the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the nuclear reactor neutron-absorbing device used is no longer traditional control rod, but burnable poison ball；And increasing through hole in the middle part of burnable poison ball, internal toroidal cavity, top is filled with helium, and boron glass is inserted in bottom；This structure can control burnable poison ball falling state in control rod guide pipe.
- Nuclear reactor shutdown unit the most according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, fuel tank interior places steering gate dividing plate, in order to the number of the burnable poison ball fallen in every control rod guide pipe is carried out quantitatively, in addition, add slope on steering gate dividing plate, facilitate burnable poison ball to roll in burnable poison ball guide pipe.
- Nuclear reactor shutdown unit the most according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the multiple electric magnet of electromagnetic switch installed inside, and multiple electric magnet is all to be parallel on nuclear power plant's station service, this reduces the possibility that electromagnetic switch wrong diagnosis is opened, the most once nuclear power plant's station service goes wrong, and electromagnetic switch can immediately disconnect.
- Nuclear reactor shutdown unit the most according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the burnable poison ball guide pipe of lower end is funnel shaped, and top is that rectangle closely links with fuel tank, having through flow hole on the conduit of funnel lower end, end is inserted in control rod guide pipe.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201510598555.5A CN106033686B (en) | 2015-09-21 | 2015-09-21 | A kind of high nuclear reactor shutdown unit of reliability |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201510598555.5A CN106033686B (en) | 2015-09-21 | 2015-09-21 | A kind of high nuclear reactor shutdown unit of reliability |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN106033686A true CN106033686A (en) | 2016-10-19 |
| CN106033686B CN106033686B (en) | 2017-10-03 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CN201510598555.5A Expired - Fee Related CN106033686B (en) | 2015-09-21 | 2015-09-21 | A kind of high nuclear reactor shutdown unit of reliability |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111063461A (en) * | 2019-12-31 | 2020-04-24 | 中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院 | Solid critical device |
| CN111247603A (en) * | 2017-03-28 | 2020-06-05 | 罗伯特·G·阿布德 | Varying the density of particles having neutron absorber and thermal conductor |
| CN111613348A (en) * | 2020-05-20 | 2020-09-01 | 中国核电工程有限公司 | Magnetic-type non-contact critical experiment device and method for arranging neutron poison rods |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111247603A (en) * | 2017-03-28 | 2020-06-05 | 罗伯特·G·阿布德 | Varying the density of particles having neutron absorber and thermal conductor |
| CN111063461A (en) * | 2019-12-31 | 2020-04-24 | 中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院 | Solid critical device |
| CN111613348A (en) * | 2020-05-20 | 2020-09-01 | 中国核电工程有限公司 | Magnetic-type non-contact critical experiment device and method for arranging neutron poison rods |
| CN111613348B (en) * | 2020-05-20 | 2023-11-14 | 中国核电工程有限公司 | Magnetic attraction type critical experiment device and method for non-contact arrangement of neutron poison rod |
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| CN106033686B (en) | 2017-10-03 |
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Granted publication date: 20171003 Termination date: 20180921 |