CN106026623B - A kind of isolated electronic switch - Google Patents
A kind of isolated electronic switch Download PDFInfo
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- CN106026623B CN106026623B CN201610479907.XA CN201610479907A CN106026623B CN 106026623 B CN106026623 B CN 106026623B CN 201610479907 A CN201610479907 A CN 201610479907A CN 106026623 B CN106026623 B CN 106026623B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/08—Circuits specially adapted for the generation of control voltages for semiconductor devices incorporated in static converters
- H02M1/088—Circuits specially adapted for the generation of control voltages for semiconductor devices incorporated in static converters for the simultaneous control of series or parallel connected semiconductor devices
- H02M1/092—Circuits specially adapted for the generation of control voltages for semiconductor devices incorporated in static converters for the simultaneous control of series or parallel connected semiconductor devices the control signals being transmitted optically
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
- H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
- H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
- H02M3/10—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M3/145—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M3/155—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
- H02M3/156—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/0048—Circuits or arrangements for reducing losses
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B70/00—Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
- Y02B70/10—Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Electronic Switches (AREA)
Abstract
A kind of isolated electronic switch includes at least C1, D1, D2, resistance R1 and optocoupler U1, and resistance R2 and field-effect tube T1, resistance R1 voltage doubling rectifing circuit similar with capacitor C1, C2 composition, but C1 value is smaller, is used for current limliting, when there is pwm signal in J1, luminous tube in U1 has electric current to flow through, and the grid of T1 turns off for low level, when the R2 of the phototriode in U1 is connected, achieve that: when pwm signal occurs in J1, the grid of T1 is closed for high level.With quiescent dissipation in 3mW hereinafter, can be driven with pwm signal, at the same can by high and low level control, and it is at low cost.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the electronic switch in Switching Power Supply, in particular to the isolation controlled in Switching Power Supply by pwm signal
Formula electronic switch.
Background technique
In a broad sense, all to use semiconductor power device as switch, a kind of power source shapes are changed into another form
Main circuit is all called Switching Converter Topologies, abbreviation converter.The chief component of Switching Power Supply is DC-DC converter.
The energy of most converter is one-way flow, such as phone charger, mostly flyback converter, the energy of alternating current
Amount is rectified into direct current, then is transformed to the low pressure of usually 5V to mobile phone power supply or charges.Certain energy conversion occasions, it is desirable to energy
It the energy conversion of alternating current can be low pressure, storage by converter with two-way flow, such as energy-storage system, when mains-supplied is abundant
It deposits in the battery, when mains-supplied deficiency, converter is alternating current the energy conversion of battery, supplements the electricity shortage of alternating current.
The it is proposed of reversible transducer is followed derived from function of the mankind to AC transformer, and AC transformer is a kind of two-way
Alternating voltage isolator, the two-way flow of energy may be implemented in it, but it can not directly transmit direct current (DC).
Application No. is 201610355438.0 and 201610355599.X, title is in " a kind of reversible transducer ",
Refer to: when the first power tube of first side is in PWM working condition, i.e., energy is from first side to described
Second side transfer when, grid to the source electrode of the third power tube is in high level state, at the third power tube
In saturation conduction state, meanwhile, grid to the source electrode of the 4th power tube is in low level state, the 4th power
It manages in an off state.
Currently, including the Switching Power Supply of reversible transducer, high efficiency all is being pursued, this meets the energy-saving and emission-reduction of entire society
Developing direction, above-mentioned third, the 4th power tube will be switched on or off under given conditions, in fact, here it is one
Kind of electronic switch, for converter, various aspects want a kind of isolated electronic switch, and the switch static function at work
The lower consume the better, and the quiescent dissipation of Switching Power Supply has required to it requires lower than 100mW, even 30mW for switching at present
The quiescent dissipation of the isolated electronic switch of power supply can be lower than 1/10th of above-mentioned limit value hereinafter, reducing in this way to main power
The design difficulty of converter.
The quiescent dissipation for being desirably isolated the electronic switch of formula can be in 10mW hereinafter, even 3mW is hereinafter, and can use
Pwm signal driving, while can be controlled by the low and high level of two sides, and at low cost.Existing isolated electronic switch is not
It is able to satisfy these requirements.
Summary of the invention
In view of this, the invention solves existing isolated electronic switches not to be able to satisfy at present in low-power consumption etc.
State requirement, a kind of isolated electronic switch be provided, quiescent dissipation in 3mW hereinafter, can be driven with pwm signal, while can be with
It is controlled by the low and high level of two sides, it is at low cost.
The object of the present invention is achieved like this, a kind of isolated electronic switch, includes at least first resistor, the second electricity
Resistance, first capacitor, the second capacitor, first diode, the second diode, optocoupler, the first triode, the first triode are N-channel
Field-effect tube further includes five terminals, first terminal, Second terminal, third terminal, forth terminal, the 5th terminal, connection pass
System are as follows: first terminal connects first capacitor one end, and the first capacitor other end connects the cathode and the second diode of first diode
Anode, one end that the cathode of the second diode connects the second capacitor simultaneously forms the first tie point, and the other end of the second capacitor connects
The anode and Second terminal of first diode are connect, the luminous tube series connection in first resistor and optocoupler, in general, concatenated mode has two
Kind, while two kinds of connection types are also formed, both are equivalent:
(1) first tie point connects one end of first resistor, and the other end of first resistor connects the anode of optocoupler, optocoupler
Cathode connects Second terminal；
(2) first tie points connect optocoupler anode, optocoupler cathode connection first resistor one end, first resistor it is another
One end connects Second terminal；
Third terminal connects one end of second resistance, the collector of the other end connection optocoupler of second resistance and the one or three pole
The grid of pipe, the emitter of optocoupler connect the source electrode and the 5th terminal of the first triode, the drain electrode connection the 4th of the first triode
Terminal；
It is characterized in that: flowing through the electric current of first resistor in 0.68mA hereinafter, second resistance is more than 18K Ω.
When the first above-mentioned technical solution realizes pwm signal and occurs, realizes and close between the leakage of the first triode, source electrode
Disconnected, the second following technical solutions are realized when pwm signal occurs, and realize conducting between the leakage of the first triode, source electrode:
The object of the present invention is achieved like this, a kind of isolated electronic switch, includes at least first resistor, the second electricity
Resistance, first capacitor, the second capacitor, first diode, the second diode, optocoupler, the first triode, the first triode are N-channel
Field-effect tube further includes five terminals, first terminal, Second terminal, third terminal, forth terminal, the 5th terminal, connection pass
System are as follows: first terminal connects first capacitor one end, and the first capacitor other end connects the cathode and the second diode of first diode
Anode, one end that the cathode of the second diode connects the second capacitor simultaneously forms the first tie point, and the other end of the second capacitor connects
The anode and Second terminal of first diode are connect, the luminous tube series connection in first resistor and optocoupler, in general, concatenated mode has two
Kind, while two kinds of connection types are also formed, both are equivalent:
(1) first tie point connects one end of first resistor, and the other end of first resistor connects the anode of optocoupler, optocoupler
Cathode connects Second terminal；
(2) first tie points connect optocoupler anode, optocoupler cathode connection first resistor one end, first resistor it is another
One end connects Second terminal；
It further include 3rd resistor, the phototriode series connection in second resistance and optocoupler, in general, concatenated mode has two
Kind, while two kinds of connection types are also formed, both are equivalent:
(a) one end of third terminal connection second resistance, the collector of the other end connection optocoupler of second resistance, optocoupler
Emitter connects one end of 3rd resistor and the grid of the first triode；
(b) collector of third terminal connection optocoupler, one end of the emitter connection second resistance of optocoupler, second resistance
The other end connects one end of 3rd resistor and the grid of the first triode；
The other end and the 5th terminal of the source electrode connection 3rd resistor of first triode, the drain electrode connection the of the first triode
Four terminals；
It is characterized in that: flowing through the electric current of first resistor in 0.68mA hereinafter, the resistance value of 3rd resistor is much larger than second resistance
Resistance value.
More preferably, (1) scheme in above-mentioned first technical solution and the second technical solution, further includes the 4th resistance, second
Triode, the 6th terminal, the second triode are NPN type triode, connection relationship are as follows: the 6th terminal connects the 4th resistance one
End, the base stage of the 4th resistance other end the second triode of connection, the anode of the collector connection optocoupler of the second triode, the two or three
The cathode of the emitter connection optocoupler of pole pipe.
More preferably, (1) scheme in above-mentioned first technical solution and the second technical solution, further includes the 5th resistance, third
Diode, the 7th terminal, connection relationship are as follows: the 7th terminal connects the anode of third diode, and the cathode of third diode connects
The 5th resistance one end is connect, the 5th resistance other end connects the anode of optocoupler.
More preferably, (1) scheme in above-mentioned first technical solution and the second technical solution, further includes the 4th resistance, the 5th
Resistance, third diode, the 6th terminal, the 7th terminal, the second triode, the second triode are NPN type triode, and connection is closed
System are as follows: the 6th terminal connects the 4th resistance one end, and the 4th resistance other end connects the base stage of the second triode, the second triode
Collector connects the anode of optocoupler, the cathode of the emitter connection optocoupler of the second triode, and the 7th terminal connects third diode
Anode, the cathode of third diode connects the 5th resistance one end, and the 5th resistance other end connects the anode of optocoupler.
Detailed operation principle of the invention connected applications can be described in detail in embodiment, a kind of isolated electricity of the invention
Sub switch has the beneficial effect that
(1) quiescent dissipation easily realizes 1mW, even 0.5mW or less down to 3mW；
(2) it can be driven with pwm signal；
(3) it can be controlled by the low and high level of two sides, and at low cost.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the first circuit diagram of the corresponding first embodiment of the first technical solution；
Fig. 2 is second of circuit diagram of the corresponding first embodiment of the first technical solution；
Fig. 3 is the first circuit diagram of the corresponding second embodiment of the second technical solution；
Fig. 4 is second of circuit diagram of the corresponding second embodiment of the second technical solution；
Fig. 5 is the schematic diagram that first embodiment is added after low and high level control circuit；
Fig. 6 is the schematic diagram that second embodiment is added after low and high level control circuit.
Specific embodiment
First embodiment
It is first embodiment of the invention and the corresponding schematic diagram of the first technical solution, the embodiment referring to Fig. 1, Fig. 2
A kind of isolated electronic switch, include at least first resistor R1, second resistance R2, first capacitor C1, the second capacitor C2, first
Diode D1, the second diode D2, optocoupler U1, the first triode T1, the first triode T1 are N-channel field-effect tube, further include
Five terminals, first terminal J1, Second terminal J2, third terminal J3, forth terminal J4, the 5th terminal J5, connection relationship are as follows:
The one end first terminal J1 connection first capacitor C1, the first capacitor C1 other end connect cathode and the two or two pole of first diode D1
The anode of pipe D2, the cathode of the second diode D2 connect one end of the second capacitor C2 and form the first tie point, the second capacitor C2
Other end connection first diode D1 anode and Second terminal J2, the luminous tube series connection in first resistor R1 and optocoupler U1,
In general, there are two types of concatenated modes, while two kinds of connection types are also formed, both are equivalent:
(1) first tie point connects one end of first resistor R1, and the other end of first resistor R1 connects the anode of optocoupler U1,
The cathode of optocoupler U1 connects Second terminal J2；Fig. 1 shows the first connection type；
(2) first tie points connect the anode of optocoupler U1, one end of the cathode connection first resistor R1 of optocoupler U1, the first electricity
The other end for hindering R1 connects Second terminal J2；Fig. 2 shows second of connection types；
Above connection is used to the control at the end PWM, referred to as control lateral circuit；
One end of third terminal J3 connection second resistance R2, second resistance R2 the other end connection optocoupler U1 collector and
The grid of first triode T1, the emitter of optocoupler U1 connect the source electrode and the 5th terminal J5 of the first triode T1, the one or three pole
The drain electrode of pipe T1 connects forth terminal J4；
This part is to realize electronic switch function, referred to as switch lateral circuit；This described a part does not include control
Lateral circuit processed.
Terminal definition and function are as follows:
Principles illustrated: for convenience, in the description of following relative theory, first resistor R1 is referred to as resistance R1 or even picture
White " Basic Analog Electronics " for Tsinghua University chief editor of late electronics science boy servant's poem like that, directly indicates the with " R1 "
One resistance R1 or resistance R1, other capacitors, diode, triode are similar.
Resistance R1 voltage doubling rectifing circuit similar with C2 composition with capacitor C1, in the circuit where terminal J1 connection pwm signal
Pwm signal output, pwm signal in the circuit where J2 connection pwm signal, PWM voltage is generally the voltage of 10V or so,
There is the field-effect tube for driving low Vgs, the high voltage of PWM voltage is 5V, when positive level occurs in J1, by C1, diode
D2 charges to C2, and the both ends C2 can establish starting voltage, and the both ends C1 can also establish voltage because of charging, when there is low level in J1,
That is the identical level with ground, at this moment, J1 and J2 are equivalent to short circuit, and the upper voltage of C1 discharges by J1, J2 and diode D1, so as to
Next cycle recharges.Also it can be equivalent between J1 and J2 there are the DC voltage of a half voltage of a PWM high level,
It is superimposed a square wave, peak-to-peak value is equal to the peak-to-peak value of PWM, which is also AC signal, passes through C1, diode D1, D2 couple
C2 rectification.Balance must be reached to the charging current and discharge current of C1, virtual value is equal, and ampere-second is made to balance.
Light emitting diode in optocoupler U1, there are anodes and cathode, it should be noted that the anode of optocoupler, by industry mark
Standard exactly refers in particular to the anode of the light emitting diode in optocoupler；The cathode of optocoupler exactly refers in particular to the yin of the light emitting diode in optocoupler
Pole；The collector of optocoupler exactly refers in particular to the collector of the phototriode in optocoupler；The emitter of optocoupler, exactly refers in particular to optocoupler
In phototriode emitter；The base stage of phototriode in optocoupler does not have pin, also without electrode, be by receive light and
Amplification occurs, i.e., there is no true pins to exist for the base stage of the phototriode in optocoupler.
Light emitting diode in optocoupler U1, forward voltage drop are 1.1V or so, in order to obtain the low-power consumption of 3mW, control side
With switch-side no more than 1.5mW, then the loss of control side from the pressure drop of D1, the pressure drop of D2, the pressure drop of R1 and
The pressure drop of light emitting diode in U1.It is just the voltage of 1.1V due to so low power consumption, electric current also only has (1.5mW/
1.1V)=1.36mA, for this one small electric current, the pressure drop of D1, D2 easily reach 0.35V hereinafter, resistance R1 pressure drop
Cannot be too low, more than the one third for reaching the light-emitting diodes tube voltage drop in optocoupler U1 at least, i.e. 0.33V or more takes here
0.4V, such metering function is just relatively good, then, since there are ampere-second balances, control the overall presure drop that side generates loss are as follows:
(0.35V+0.35V+0.4V+1.1V)=2.2V
The electric current for so flowing through R1 should be in (P/U)=(1.5mW/2.2V)=0.682mA hereinafter, taking approximation here
0.68mA.In fact, D1 and D2, according to switching tube as 1N4148, pressure drop can also more greatly, about 0.45V, R1's
It is 0.55V if end voltage takes the half of the light-emitting diodes tube voltage drop in optocoupler U1, then, it is final that the electric current for flowing through R1 is required to want
In (1.5mW/2.55V)=0.588mA or less.
Be described above, resistance R1 voltage doubling rectifing circuit similar with C2 composition with capacitor C1, the capacity of capacitor C1 is taken it is small, this
Sample, under the fixed frequency of PWM and under harmonic wave, capacitive reactance plays metering function, and the end voltage that C2 is achieved will not be too high, and draws
Loss is played to become larger.I.e. in design, the frequency of PWM can be used, the value of C1 is estimated, its capacity is adjusted, realization is flowed through
The electric current of first resistor R1 is below design value.
The control side data of first embodiment: PWM working frequency is 330KHz, D1 and D2 model is RB160, C1 capacitance
For 330pF, C2 capacitance is 6800pF, and R1 resistance value is 620 Ω, and optocoupler model EL817, current transfer ratio is minimum one grade,
80% to 160%；
The value of C1 in this way is smaller, and the influence to former PWM drive circuit can be ignored.
Switch lateral circuit is seen again, also to realize the low-power consumption of 1.5mW, then when there is 0.68mA or more electric current to flow through in R1
When, it is to be ensured that the phototriode in optocoupler is in saturation conduction state, exports electric current in (0.68 × 0.8) mA and (0.68
× 1.6) it between mA, between 0.544~1.088mA, in order to ensure saturation, is minimized here, i.e. the electricity that resistance R2 is provided
Stream is less than 0.544mA.The usage of circuit of the invention includes, and between J3 and J5, to access a DC voltage, in industry
Common 5V or 12V voltage such as uses 12V voltage, in this way, the collection when light emitting diode does not have electric current to flow through in U1, in U1
Electrode is in open-circuit condition to emitter, and the grid of T1 obtains the DC voltage of 12V, this field-effect tube of T1 is in and opens shape
State, source electrode to drain electrode are in saturation conduction, i.e. J4 to J5 closure, and closure internal resistance is equal to the R of the pipeds(on)In addition circuit board is walked
The internal resistance etc. of line, J4 to J5 are equivalent to a switch, are in closed state.Certainly, it is connect between J3 and J5 according to 5V, then
Field-effect tube T1 will also choose the model of low driving voltage.
When light emitting diode has electric current to flow through in U1, the current collection best emitter of U1 is saturated, the grid of T1 to source electrode
Voltage is the saturation voltage of phototriode in U1, and only 0.15V is hereinafter, T1 is complete switched off, i.e. J4 to J5 is turned off, J4 to J5 phase
It switchs, is in an off state when in one；So the voltage of 5V is all added to the both ends R2, and the fever of R2 is less than 1.5mW, i.e. R2
Are as follows:
R=U2/ P=25/1.5=16.67K Ω
Since in the common E24 series resistance in national standard, the resistance of 16.6K, does not at this moment press closest 18K Ω
Carry out value, draws by China and electricity standard, XXK Ω are known as XXK without exception, is i.e. the value of resistance R2 will be in 18K or more.
The switch side data of first embodiment: resistance R2 is 18K, T1 model XP151A11B0MR, is the MOS of 30V 1A
Pipe, RDS (ON) are 0.17 Ω, are encapsulated as SOT-23, and actual measurement pressure resistance is 55V；
Goal of the invention is fully achieved, Fig. 1 or Fig. 2 is used for, actual measurement quiescent dissipation is 2.58mW, is less than 3mW.
In fact, above-mentioned is that two embodiments merge into one to describe.
Using the first embodiment of data below, can easily realize very much quiescent dissipation in 0.5mW or less:
PWM working frequency is 330KHz, D1 and D2 model is 1N4148, and C1 capacitance is 270pF, and C2 capacitance is
2200pF, R1 resistance value are 11K, and optocoupler model EL817, current transfer ratio is still minimum one grade, 80% to 160%；Resistance
R2 resistance value is 1M, T1 model SIR422, is the metal-oxide-semiconductor of 40V 40A, and RDS (ON) is 6m Ω, is encapsulated as SO-8；In J3 and J5
Between access the external voltage for being 12V.Actual measurement flows through the electric current of first resistor R1 in 100.4uA, i.e. 0.1mA, whole static state
Power consumption is 0.482mW, is less than 0.5mW.
In above-mentioned value, the capacitance of C1 is smaller than the capacity of filter capacitor C2, and the main function of C2 is filtering, holds
Amount can calculate in this way: the equivalent total load resistance of the sum of luminous tube internal resistance of R1 and U1, the product of the load resistance and C2
For a time constant, which should be 5 times or more of the period corresponding to PWM working frequency, such filter effect
Preferably, time constant is " the simulation electronic skill white from late electronics science boy servant's poem by 5 times or more of filtering cycle
Art basis " second edition chapter 11, page 649, book number: ISBN7-04-000868-8/TN53 has been awarded in conjunction with China
Power, application No. is the analyses in a kind of background technique of 201210303821.3 " filter circuits ".
The luminous tube internal resistance of U1, with pressure drop divided by operating current come approximate.Circuit of the invention does not have capacitor C2, circuit
It can work normally, only the performance of EMI is weaker, since the light emitting diode in optocoupler is rubescent light, with 0.5uS
Thermal inertia, and after triode saturation conduction in optocoupler, there are input capacitances by T1, and at this moment, the voltage of the input capacitance is filled by R2
Electricity needs the time, and when obviously not rising, saturation conduction, the grid voltage of T1 maintain 0.3V to triode again in optocoupler
Left and right, T1 is still in off state.
When flowing through the electric current of first resistor R1 in 0.1mA hereinafter, second resistance is in 1M or more, the present invention easily realizes quiet very much
State power consumption is in 0.5mW or less.
When flowing through the electric current of first resistor R1 in 0.68mA hereinafter, second resistance is in 18K or more, the present invention easily realizes very much
Quiescent dissipation is in 3mW or less.
The first for the first embodiment that Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 are respectively illustrated and second of embodiment, they are all: realizing
When pwm signal occurs, realize shutdown between the leakage of the first triode T1, source electrode, when controlling side does not have pwm signal, J4 and
This switch of J5 is in closed state.Following the second technical solution realizes when pwm signal occurs, the leakage of the first triode,
Conducting is realized between source electrode, exactly the second technical solution shown in second embodiment.
Second embodiment
It is second embodiment of the invention and the corresponding schematic diagram of the second technical solution, it can be seen that control referring to Fig. 3,4
Side processed and first embodiment are identical, and the control side of Fig. 3 and Fig. 1 is identical, and the control side of Fig. 4 and Fig. 2 is identical, so control
The connection relationship of side is also identical.A kind of isolated electronic switch of the embodiment includes at least first resistor R1, the second electricity
Hinder R2, first capacitor C1, the second capacitor C2, first diode D1, the second diode D2, optocoupler U1, the first triode T1, first
Triode T1 is N-channel field-effect tube, further includes five terminals, first terminal J1, Second terminal J2, third terminal J3, the 4th
Terminal J4, the 5th terminal J5, connection relationship are as follows: the one end first terminal J1 connection first capacitor C1, the first capacitor C1 other end
The cathode of first diode D1 and the anode of the second diode D2 are connected, the cathode of the second diode D2 connects the second capacitor C2's
One end simultaneously forms the first tie point, the anode and Second terminal J2 of the other end connection first diode D1 of the second capacitor C2, the
Luminous tube series connection in one resistance R1 and optocoupler U1, in general, there are two types of concatenated modes, while two kinds of connection types are also formed,
Both are equivalent:
(1) first tie point connects one end of first resistor R1, and the other end of first resistor R1 connects the anode of optocoupler U1,
The cathode of optocoupler U1 connects Second terminal J2；Fig. 3 shows the first connection type；
(2) first tie points connect the anode of optocoupler U1, one end of the cathode connection first resistor R1 of optocoupler U1, the first electricity
The other end for hindering R1 connects Second terminal J2；Fig. 4 shows second of connection type；
Above connection is used to the control at the end PWM, same referred to as control lateral circuit；
It further include 3rd resistor R3, the phototriode series connection in second resistance R2 and optocoupler U1, in general, concatenated mode
There are two types of, at the same also formed two kinds of connection types, with (a), (b) distinguish, this be in order to distinguish above-mentioned (1) and (2), both
It is equivalent:
(a) one end of third terminal J3 connection second resistance R2, the current collection of the other end connection optocoupler U1 of second resistance R2
Pole, one end of the emitter connection 3rd resistor R3 of optocoupler U1 and the grid of the first triode T1；Fig. 3 shows the first connection
Mode；
(b) collector of third terminal J3 connection optocoupler U1, one end of the emitter connection second resistance R2 of optocoupler U1, the
One end of the other end connection 3rd resistor R3 of two resistance R2 and the grid of the first triode T1；Fig. 4 shows second of connection
Mode；
The other end and the 5th terminal J5 of the source electrode connection 3rd resistor R3 of first triode T1, the leakage of the first triode T1
Pole connects forth terminal J4.
This part is to realize electronic switch function, referred to as switch lateral circuit；This described a part does not include control
Lateral circuit processed.
Terminal definition and the same first embodiment of function.
Principles illustrated: the same first embodiment of principle of side is controlled, which is not described herein again.For the purposes of obtaining the low function of 3mW
Consumption, control the sum of side and switch-side are no more than 3mW, then the equally same first embodiment of loss analysis of control side, here no longer
It repeats.
The control side data of second embodiment: PWM working frequency is 65KHz, and peak value 15V, D1 and D2 are one, model
Two diodes have been internally integrated for BAT721S, BAT721S, C1 capacitance is 240pF, and C2 capacitance is that 103, R1 resistance value is 5.1K,
Optocoupler model EL357A, current transfer ratio be minimum one grade, 50% to 100%；
The value of C1 in this way is smaller, and the influence to former PWM drive circuit can be ignored.
Switch lateral circuit is seen again, first look at loss all somewhere? since there is also leakages for the phototriode in optocoupler
Electric current.About all in 0.8uA hereinafter, taking 1uA, i.e., the pressure drop that the leakage current of 1uA is formed on R3 will be enough here for safety
It is low, it is ensured that T1 is unlikely to open conducting, and the field-effect tube of low driving voltage, cut-in voltage Vgs can be down to 1.6V at present, this
When its drain current reach 250uA, this be on its technical manual as defined in, then, for the T1 of this cut-in voltage, 1uA's
The pressure drop that leakage current is formed on R3 will down to the half of 1.6V, be 0.8V, i.e. R3 be (U/I)=800K, can take 820K or
750K, if field-effect tube higher for that cut-in voltage, the value of R3 can be taken greatly by this principle, in this way, resistance R2
It can just synchronize and take greatly, to reduce loss.
The usage of circuit of the invention includes, and between J3 and J5, to access a DC voltage, such as 5V common in industry
Or 12V voltage, in this way, the collector in U1 is in open circuit shape to emitter when light emitting diode does not have electric current to flow through in U1
The grid of state, T1 obtains the DC voltage of 0V because R3 connects source electrode, this field-effect tube of T1 complete switches off, i.e. J4 to J5 shutdown,
J4 to J5 is equivalent to a switch, is in an off state；
When light emitting diode has electric current to flow through in U1, the current collection best emitter of U1 is in opening state, either schemes
3, or the voltage of Fig. 4, J3 pass through the grid that R2 is added to T1, so R2 will be much smaller than R3, i.e. R3 is significantly larger than R2, at this moment at T1
In opening state, that is, J4 to J5 is closed, closure internal resistance is equal to the R of the pipeds(on)In addition the internal resistance etc. of circuit board trace,
J4 to J5 is equivalent to a switch, is in closed state.Certainly, it is connect between J3 and J5 according to 5V, then field-effect tube T1
Also the model of low driving voltage is chosen.Refer generally to 10 times much larger than in electricity, for example, R2 value is 75K, then, R3 can be obtained
To ceiling voltage be respectively as follows:
J3 is 5V to J5 voltage, and the getable ceiling voltage of R3 is (5 × 750)/(750+75)=4.54V
J3 is 12V to J5 voltage, and the getable ceiling voltage of R3 is (12 × 750)/(750+75)=10.9V
Practical driving voltage is lower than additional voltage, and ratio is equal to R3/ (R2+R3), here about the 91% of primary voltage.
It is voltage-controlled device since T1 is field-effect tube, grid do not consume electric current, so, when there is pwm signal
When, J4 and J5 realize and are closed that at this moment, the loss of switch-side is exactly the voltage of J3 to J5, are applied to R2 and R3 series connection all-in resistance and produce
Raw heat, since R3 has been taken as 750K, if R2 is 0 Europe, this allows in a second embodiment, because working as light load
When, that is, the resistance loaded is smaller, the output constant current characteristic of optocoupler U1, U1 when light emitting diode has electric current to flow through in U1,
The current collection best emitter of U1 realizes constant current output, this electric current directly charges to the input capacitance of T1, until grid voltage liter
To highest.
For the overtension that J3 to J5 applies, the presence of R2 and reasonable value are at this moment needed, it is ensured that the voltage that R3 divides
It is unlikely to damage the voltage-stabiliser tube that T1 or R2 is used to cooperate T1 grid external to source electrode, it is ensured that be unlikely to damage T1, while static function
It consumes not exceeded.
When light emitting diode does not have electric current to flow through in U1, the current collection best emitter of U1 is in not on-state, only
Leakage current passes through, and leakage current very little, is not higher than 0.8V in the voltage that the both ends R3 are formed, and T1 is not turned on, i.e. J4 to J5 shutdown, J4
It is equivalent to a switch to J5, is in an off state；
The switch side data of second embodiment: resistance R2 resistance value is 100 Ω, and R3 resistance value is 1.2M, T1 model
The metal-oxide-semiconductor of AON6298,100V 46A, Vgs 2.4V；
Goal of the invention is fully achieved, Fig. 3 or Fig. 4 is used for, actual measurement quiescent dissipation is 2.74mW, is less than 3mW.
In fact, above-mentioned is that two embodiments merge into one to describe.
Using the first embodiment of data below, can easily realize very much quiescent dissipation in 0.5mW or less:
PWM working frequency is 65KHz, and peak value 15V, D1 and D2 are one, collection inside model BAT721S, BAT721S
At two diodes, C1 capacitance is 180pF, and C2 capacitance is 4700pF, and R1 resistance value is 16K, optocoupler model EL357A, electric current
Transfer ratio is minimum one grade, 50% to 100%；The external voltage of 12V is accessed between J3 and J5, resistance R2 resistance value is 20K,
R3 resistance value is 1M, T1 model SIR422, is the metal-oxide-semiconductor of 40V 40A, and RDS (ON) is 6m Ω, and actual measurement flows through first resistor R1's
For electric current in 119.7uA, i.e. 0.036mA, whole quiescent dissipations are 0.67mW, are slightly larger than 0.5mW.C1 is adjusted to 150PF, all quiet
State power consumption is 0.50mW, reaches design requirement.
The two-way changing similar application No. is 201610355438.0 and 201610355599.X etc. is used in the present invention
In device, when the metal-oxide-semiconductor of the first side works, it may be possible to which the first side acts as synchronous rectification, at this moment, it would be desirable in Fig. 3, work as J1
When also there is the driving pwm signal of synchronous rectification, at this moment T1 is not turned off or is closed.3rd embodiment shows this and answers
With.
3rd embodiment
Referring to Fig. 5 and Fig. 6, please temporarily J7, R5 are considered as and are not present.In the first of first embodiment, second embodiment
It further include the 4th resistance R4, the second triode T2, the 6th terminal J6 on the basis of circuit, the second triode is three pole of NPN type
Pipe, connection relationship are as follows: the 4th one end resistance R4 of the 6th terminal J6 connection, the 4th resistance R4 other end connect the second triode T2
Base stage, the second triode T2 collector connection optocoupler anode, the second triode T2 emitter connection optocoupler cathode.
Terminal definition and function are as follows:
Obviously, the collector maximum operating currenbt of T2 be exactly 0.68mA and hereinafter, if T2 select common 2N5551 or
9014.For its amplification factor 100 or more, base current only needs 6.8uA, then the voltage of J6 terminal is if common single-chip microcontroller
It is the base current that can provide 6.9uA that 3.3V, R4, which choose 390K, and at this moment, the loss 0.03mW of introducing can be ignored.
For the circuit shown in Fig. 5, when pwm signal occurs in J1, J6 is disconnected if low level, J4 to J5；If at this point, J6
There is high level, T2 conducting, the light emitting diode no current of U1 flows through, and the triode cut-off in U1, T1 grid obtains electric by R2
And it is in high level, and T2 conducting, J4 to J5 closure.
For the circuit shown in Fig. 6, when pwm signal occurs in J1, J6 is if low level, J4 to J5 closure；If at this point, J6
There is high level, T2 conducting, the light emitting diode no current of U1 flows through, and the triode cut-off in U1, T1 grid can not pass through R2
Must be electric, while being in low level because of R3 ground connection, T2 shutdown, J4 to J5 is disconnected.
In fact, this is two different embodiments, obtained switch state is opposite, but the work of control section is former
It manages identical, therefore puts together statement.
Fourth embodiment
Referring also to Fig. 5 and Fig. 6, please temporarily J6, R4, T2 are considered as and are not present.First embodiment, second embodiment
It further include the 5th resistance R5, third diode D3, the 7th terminal J7, connection relationship are as follows: the 7th end on the basis of a kind of circuit
The cathode of the anode of sub- J7 connection third diode D3, third diode D3 connects the 5th one end resistance R5, and the 5th resistance R5 is another
The anode of one end connection optocoupler.
Terminal definition and function are as follows:
It is achieved, when there is no pwm signal, high level is added by J7, optocoupler U1 can still be allowed to work, thus real
It is existing:
For the circuit shown in Fig. 5, when J1 is without pwm signal:
J7 is flowed through if low level, the light emitting diode no current of U1, and the triode cut-off in U1, T1 grid is obtained by R2
Electricity and be in high level, T2 conducting, J4 to J5 closure；
J7 has electric current to flow through if high level, the light emitting diode of U1, the triode ON in U1, and T1 grid is low electricity
Flat, T2 shutdown, J4 to J5 is disconnected；
For the circuit shown in Fig. 6, when J1 is without pwm signal:
J7 is flowed through if low level, the light emitting diode no current of U1, and the triode cut-off in U1, T1 grid can not pass through
R2 is obtained electric and is in low level, and T2 shutdown, J4 to J5 is disconnected.
J7 has electric current to flow through if high level, the light emitting diode of U1, and the triode ON in U1, T1 grid is obtained by R2
Electricity and be in high level, T2 conducting, J4 to J5 closure；
Obviously with " the high level control terminal " of 3rd embodiment in the same circuit, obtained switch state is opposite
's.
In fact, this is two different embodiments, obtained switch state is opposite, but the work of control section is former
It manages identical, therefore puts together statement.
5th embodiment
3rd embodiment, fourth embodiment are combined to come, referring also to Fig. 5 and Fig. 6, full figure participates in analysis, this reality
A kind of isolated electronic switch for applying example, further include the 4th resistance R4, the 5th resistance R5, third diode D3, the 6th terminal J6,
7th terminal J7, the second triode T2, the second triode are NPN type, connection relationship are as follows: the 4th resistance of the 6th terminal J6 connection
The one end R4, the 4th resistance R4 other end connect the base stage of the second triode T2, and the collector of the second triode T2 connects optocoupler U1
Anode, the second triode T2 emitter connection optocoupler U1 cathode, the anode of the 7th terminal J7 connection third diode D3,
The cathode of third diode D3 connects the 5th one end resistance R5, and the 5th resistance R5 other end connects the anode of optocoupler.
Available increasingly complex control planning is implemented in conjunction with above-mentioned first embodiment, second embodiment, third
Example, fourth embodiment are easy to get a thorough understanding of its working principle, and which is not described herein again.
The low and high level control of switch-side is very simple, directly controls the grid of T1, also repeats no more here.
The above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is noted that above-mentioned preferred embodiment is not construed as pair
Limitation of the invention.For those skilled in the art, without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, also
Several improvements and modifications can be made, such as again plus all the way the control circuit of identical 3rd embodiment, the 4th implement again plus all the way
The control circuit of example, these modifications and embellishments should also be considered as the scope of protection of the present invention, is no longer repeated here with embodiment, this hair
Bright protection scope should be defined by the scope defined by the claims..
Claims (8)
1. a kind of isolated electronic switch, including first resistor, second resistance, first capacitor, the second capacitor, first diode,
Second diode, optocoupler, the first triode, the first triode are N-channel field-effect tube, further include five terminals, first terminal,
Second terminal, third terminal, forth terminal, the 5th terminal, connection relationship are as follows: first terminal connects first capacitor one end, the
The one capacitor other end connects the cathode of first diode and the anode of the second diode, the second electricity of cathode connection of the second diode
One end of appearance simultaneously forms the first tie point, the anode and Second terminal of the other end connection first diode of the second capacitor, and first
Luminous tube series connection in resistance and optocoupler, series system are one of the following:
(1) first tie point connects one end of first resistor, the anode of the other end connection optocoupler of first resistor, the cathode of optocoupler
Connect Second terminal；
(2) first tie points connect the anode of optocoupler, one end of the cathode connection first resistor of optocoupler, the other end of first resistor
Connect Second terminal；
Third terminal connects one end of second resistance, the collector and first triode of the other end connection optocoupler of second resistance
Grid, the emitter of optocoupler connect the source electrode and the 5th terminal of the first triode, and the drain electrode of the first triode connects forth terminal；
It is characterized in that: the value of first capacitor requires as under the fixed frequency of PWM and under harmonic wave, capacitive reactance plays metering function,
Realize the electric current for flowing through first resistor in 0.68mA hereinafter, second resistance is more than 18K Ω.
2. isolated electronic switch according to claim 1 is (1) kind for the luminous tube in first resistor and optocoupler
Series system, it is characterised in that: further include the 4th resistance, the second triode, the 6th terminal, the second triode is three pole of NPN type
Pipe, connection relationship are as follows: the 6th terminal connects the 4th resistance one end, and the 4th resistance other end connects the base stage of the second triode,
The anode of the collector connection optocoupler of second triode, the cathode of the emitter connection optocoupler of the second triode.
3. isolated electronic switch according to claim 1 is (1) kind for the luminous tube in first resistor and optocoupler
Series system, it is characterised in that: further include the 5th resistance, third diode, the 7th terminal, connection relationship are as follows: the 7th terminal
The anode of third diode is connected, the cathode of third diode connects the 5th resistance one end, and the 5th resistance other end connects optocoupler
Anode.
4. isolated electronic switch according to claim 1 is (1) kind for the luminous tube in first resistor and optocoupler
Series system, it is characterised in that: further include the 4th resistance, the 5th resistance, third diode, the 6th terminal, the 7th terminal, second
Triode, the second triode are NPN type triode, connection relationship are as follows: the 6th terminal connects the 4th resistance one end, the 4th resistance
The other end connects the base stage of the second triode, the anode of the collector connection optocoupler of the second triode, the transmitting of the second triode
Pole connects the cathode of optocoupler, and the 7th terminal connects the anode of third diode, and the cathode of third diode connects the 5th resistance one
End, the 5th resistance other end connect the anode of optocoupler.
5. a kind of isolated electronic switch includes at least first resistor, second resistance, first capacitor, the second capacitor, the one or two pole
Pipe, the second diode, optocoupler, the first triode, the first triode are N-channel field-effect tube, further include five terminals, first end
Son, Second terminal, third terminal, forth terminal, the 5th terminal, connection relationship are as follows: first terminal connects first capacitor one end,
The first capacitor other end connects the cathode of first diode and the anode of the second diode, the cathode connection second of the second diode
One end of capacitor simultaneously forms the first tie point, the anode and Second terminal of the other end connection first diode of the second capacitor, the
Luminous tube series connection in one resistance and optocoupler, series system are one of the following:
(1) first tie point connects one end of first resistor, the anode of the other end connection optocoupler of first resistor, the cathode of optocoupler
Connect Second terminal；
(2) first tie points connect the anode of optocoupler, one end of the cathode connection first resistor of optocoupler, the other end of first resistor
Connect Second terminal；
Further include 3rd resistor, the phototriode series connection in second resistance and optocoupler, series system is one of the following:
(a) one end of third terminal connection second resistance, the collector of the other end connection optocoupler of second resistance, the transmitting of optocoupler
Pole connects one end of 3rd resistor and the grid of the first triode；
(b) third terminal connection optocoupler collector, optocoupler emitter connection second resistance one end, second resistance it is another
One end of end connection 3rd resistor and the grid of the first triode；
The other end and the 5th terminal of the source electrode connection 3rd resistor of first triode, the drain electrode of the first triode connect the 4th end
Son；
It is characterized in that: the value of first capacitor requires as under the fixed frequency of PWM and under harmonic wave, capacitive reactance plays metering function,
Realize the electric current for flowing through first resistor in 0.68mA hereinafter, the resistance value of 3rd resistor is much larger than the resistance value of second resistance.
6. isolated electronic switch according to claim 5 is (1) kind for the luminous tube in first resistor and optocoupler
Series system, it is characterised in that: further include the 4th resistance, the second triode, the 6th terminal, the second triode is three pole of NPN type
Pipe, connection relationship are as follows: the 6th terminal connects the 4th resistance one end, and the 4th resistance other end connects the base stage of the second triode,
The anode of the collector connection optocoupler of second triode, the cathode of the emitter connection optocoupler of the second triode.
7. isolated electronic switch according to claim 5 is (1) kind for the luminous tube in first resistor and optocoupler
Series system, it is characterised in that: further include the 5th resistance, third diode, the 7th terminal, connection relationship are as follows: the 7th terminal
The anode of third diode is connected, the cathode of third diode connects the 5th resistance one end, and the 5th resistance other end connects optocoupler
Anode.
8. isolated electronic switch according to claim 5 is (1) kind for the luminous tube in first resistor and optocoupler
Series system, it is characterised in that: further include the 4th resistance, the 5th resistance, third diode, the 6th terminal, the 7th terminal, second
Triode, the second triode are NPN type triode, connection relationship are as follows: the 6th terminal connects the 4th resistance one end, the 4th resistance
The other end connects the base stage of the second triode, the anode of the collector connection optocoupler of the second triode, the transmitting of the second triode
Pole connects the cathode of optocoupler, and the 7th terminal connects the anode of third diode, and the cathode of third diode connects the 5th resistance one
End, the 5th resistance other end connect the anode of optocoupler.
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| CN107681875A (en) * | 2017-10-12 | 2018-02-09 | 上海市共进通信技术有限公司 | Novel power supply on-off circuit |
| JP2020165923A (en) * | 2019-03-29 | 2020-10-08 | 日本電産リード株式会社 | Inspection device and inspection method |
| CN112117817B (en) * | 2019-06-19 | 2022-08-09 | Oppo广东移动通信有限公司 | Drive circuit, electronic device, and charging control method |
| CN110729880B (en) * | 2019-11-18 | 2021-06-11 | 阳光电源股份有限公司 | Driving circuit of power conversion device and application device thereof |
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