CN106026623A - Isolation type electronic switch - Google Patents
Isolation type electronic switch Download PDFInfo
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- CN106026623A CN106026623A CN201610479907.XA CN201610479907A CN106026623A CN 106026623 A CN106026623 A CN 106026623A CN 201610479907 A CN201610479907 A CN 201610479907A CN 106026623 A CN106026623 A CN 106026623A
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- resistance
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- optocoupler
- terminal
- audion
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/08—Circuits specially adapted for the generation of control voltages for semiconductor devices incorporated in static converters
- H02M1/088—Circuits specially adapted for the generation of control voltages for semiconductor devices incorporated in static converters for the simultaneous control of series or parallel connected semiconductor devices
- H02M1/092—Circuits specially adapted for the generation of control voltages for semiconductor devices incorporated in static converters for the simultaneous control of series or parallel connected semiconductor devices the control signals being transmitted optically
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
- H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
- H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
- H02M3/10—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M3/145—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M3/155—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
- H02M3/156—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/0048—Circuits or arrangements for reducing losses
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B70/00—Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
- Y02B70/10—Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes
Abstract
An isolation type electronic switch at least comprises C1, D1, D2, a resistor R1, an optical coupler U1, a resistor R2 and a field effect transistor T1, wherein the resistor R1, the capacitors C1, C2 form a similar voltage doubling rectifying circuit. C1 is low in value and is used for limiting current. When PWM signals appear in J1, current flows by a luminous tube in U1, and the grid electrode of T1 is of low level and is cut off. When the photoelectric triode in U1 is serially connected with the R2, and when PWM signals appear in J1, the grid electrode of T1 is of a high level and is closed. Static power consumption is lower than 3mW, and isolation type electronic switch can be driven by PWM signals and controlled by high and low levels. The cost is low.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the electrical switch in Switching Power Supply, particularly to the isolation controlled by pwm signal in Switching Power Supply
Formula electrical switch.
Background technology
In a broad sense, a kind of power source shapes, as switch, is changed into another kind of form by all semiconductor power devices
Main circuit is all called Switching Converter Topologies, is called for short changer.The key component of Switching Power Supply is DC-DC converter.
The energy of most changer is one-way flow, such as charger for mobile phone, mostly is anti exciting converter, the energy of civil power
Amount rectification is direct current, then the low pressure being transformed to usually 5V is powered to mobile phone or charges.Some energy conversion occasions, it is desirable to energy
Can be with two-way flow, such as energy-storage system, when mains-supplied is abundant, it is low pressure by changer the energy conversion of civil power, storage
Depositing in the battery, when mains-supplied deficiency, changer is civil power the energy conversion of battery, supplements the electricity shortage of civil power.
The proposition of reversible transducer, comes from the mankind and follows the function of AC transformer, and AC transformer is a kind of two-way
Alternating voltage isolator, it can realize the two-way flow of energy, but direct current (DC) cannot be directly transmitted by it.
Application No. 201610355438.0 and 201610355599.X, title is in " a kind of reversible transducer ",
All refer to: when the first power tube of the first described side is in PWM duty, i.e. energy is lateral described from described first
Second side transfer time, grid to the source electrode of the 3rd described power tube is in high level state, at the 3rd described power tube
In saturation conduction state, meanwhile, grid to the source electrode of the 4th described power tube is in low level state, the 4th described power
Pipe is off state.
At present, including the Switching Power Supply of reversible transducer, all pursuing high efficiency, this meets the energy-saving and emission-reduction of entire society
Developing direction, the three, the 4th above-mentioned power tubes will be switched on or off under given conditions, it is true that here it is one
Planting electrical switch, for changer, each side wants a kind of isolated electrical switch, and this switch operationally static merit
Consuming the lowest more good, the quiescent dissipation of Switching Power Supply has required the most less than 100mW, even 30mW, it requires for switching
The quiescent dissipation of the isolated electrical switch of power supply so can reduce main power less than less than 1/10th of above-mentioned limit value
The design difficulty of changer.
The quiescent dissipation of the electrical switch being i.e. desirably isolated formula can be at below 10mW, even below 3mW, and can use
Pwm signal drives, and can be controlled by the low and high level of both sides simultaneously, and low cost.Existing isolated electrical switch is the most not
These requirements can be met.
Summary of the invention
In view of this, the invention solves the problems that existing isolated electrical switch all can not meet at present in low-power consumption etc.
Stating requirement, it is provided that a kind of isolated electrical switch, quiescent dissipation, at below 3mW, can drive with pwm signal, the most permissible
Controlled by the low and high level of both sides, low cost.
The object of the present invention is achieved like this, a kind of isolated electrical switch, at least includes the first resistance, the second electricity
Resistance, the first electric capacity, the second electric capacity, the first diode, the second diode, optocoupler, the first audion, the first audion is N-channel
Field effect transistor, also includes five terminals, the first terminal, the second terminal, the 3rd terminal, the 4th terminal, the 5th terminal, and it connects pass
System is: the first terminal connects first electric capacity one end, and the first electric capacity other end connects negative electrode and second diode of the first diode
Anode, the negative electrode of the second diode connects one end of the second electric capacity and forms the first junction point, and the other end of the second electric capacity is even
Connecing anode and second terminal of the first diode, the luminous tube series connection in the first resistance and optocoupler, generally, the mode of series connection has two
Kind, the most also forming two kinds of connected modes, both is equivalent:
(1) first junction point connects one end of the first resistance, and the other end of the first resistance connects the anode of optocoupler, optocoupler
Negative electrode connects the second terminal；
(2) first junction points connect the anode of optocouplers, and the negative electrode of optocoupler connects one end of the first resistance, the first resistance another
One end connects the second terminal；
3rd terminal connects one end of the second resistance, and the other end of the second resistance connects colelctor electrode and the one or three pole of optocoupler
The grid of pipe, the emitter stage of optocoupler connects source electrode and the 5th terminal of the first audion, and the drain electrode of the first audion connects the 4th
Terminal；
It is characterized in that: flowing through the electric current of the first resistance at below 0.68mA, the second resistance is at more than 18K Ω.
The first above-mentioned technical scheme achieves pwm signal when occurring, realizes closing between the leakage of the first audion, source electrode
Disconnected, the second following technical scheme realizes when pwm signal occurs, realizes turning between the leakage of the first audion, source electrode:
The object of the present invention is achieved like this, a kind of isolated electrical switch, at least includes the first resistance, the second electricity
Resistance, the first electric capacity, the second electric capacity, the first diode, the second diode, optocoupler, the first audion, the first audion is N-channel
Field effect transistor, also includes five terminals, the first terminal, the second terminal, the 3rd terminal, the 4th terminal, the 5th terminal, and it connects pass
System is: the first terminal connects first electric capacity one end, and the first electric capacity other end connects negative electrode and second diode of the first diode
Anode, the negative electrode of the second diode connects one end of the second electric capacity and forms the first junction point, and the other end of the second electric capacity is even
Connecing anode and second terminal of the first diode, the luminous tube series connection in the first resistance and optocoupler, generally, the mode of series connection has two
Kind, the most also forming two kinds of connected modes, both is equivalent:
(1) first junction point connects one end of the first resistance, and the other end of the first resistance connects the anode of optocoupler, optocoupler
Negative electrode connects the second terminal；
(2) first junction points connect the anode of optocouplers, and the negative electrode of optocoupler connects one end of the first resistance, the first resistance another
One end connects the second terminal；
Also including the 3rd resistance, the phototriode series connection in the second resistance and optocoupler, generally, the mode of series connection has two
Kind, the most also forming two kinds of connected modes, both is equivalent:
A () the 3rd terminal connects one end of the second resistance, the other end of the second resistance connects the colelctor electrode of optocoupler, optocoupler
Emitter stage connects one end and the grid of the first audion of the 3rd resistance；
B () the 3rd terminal connects the colelctor electrode of optocoupler, the emitter stage of optocoupler connects one end of the second resistance, the second resistance
The other end connects one end and the grid of the first audion of the 3rd resistance；
The source electrode of the first audion connects the other end and the 5th terminal of the 3rd resistance, and the drain electrode of the first audion connects the
Four terminals；
It is characterized in that: the electric current flowing through the first resistance is much larger than the second resistance in below 0.68mA, the resistance of the 3rd resistance
Resistance.
More preferably, (1) scheme in above-mentioned first technical scheme and the second technical scheme, also include the 4th resistance, second
Audion, the 6th terminal, the second audion is NPN type triode, and its annexation is: the 6th terminal connects the 4th resistance one
End, the 4th resistance other end connects the base stage of the second audion, the anode of the colelctor electrode connection optocoupler of the second audion, and the two or three
The emitter stage of pole pipe connects the negative electrode of optocoupler.
More preferably, (1) scheme in above-mentioned first technical scheme and the second technical scheme, also include the 5th resistance, the 3rd
Diode, the 7th terminal, its annexation is: the 7th terminal connects the anode of the 3rd diode, and the negative electrode of the 3rd diode is even
Connecing the 5th resistance one end, the 5th resistance other end connects the anode of optocoupler.
More preferably, (1) scheme in above-mentioned first technical scheme and the second technical scheme, also include the 4th resistance, the 5th
Resistance, the 3rd diode, the 6th terminal, the 7th terminal, the second audion, the second audion is NPN type triode, and it connects pass
System is: the 6th terminal connects the 4th resistance one end, and the 4th resistance other end connects the base stage of the second audion, the second audion
Colelctor electrode connects the anode of optocoupler, and the emitter stage of the second audion connects the negative electrode of optocoupler, and the 7th terminal connects the 3rd diode
Anode, the negative electrode of the 3rd diode connects the 5th resistance one end, and the 5th resistance other end connects the anode of optocoupler.
The detailed operation principle of the present invention can describe in detail by connected applications in an embodiment, the isolated electricity of one of the present invention
Having the beneficial effect that of son switch
(1) quiescent dissipation as little as 3mW, easily realizes 1mW, even below 0.5mW；
(2) can drive with pwm signal；
(3) can be controlled by the low and high level of both sides, and low cost.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the first circuit theory diagrams of first embodiment corresponding to the first technical scheme；
Fig. 2 is the second circuit theory diagrams of first embodiment corresponding to the first technical scheme；
Fig. 3 is the first circuit theory diagrams of the second embodiment corresponding to the second technical scheme；
Fig. 4 is the second circuit theory diagrams of the second embodiment corresponding to the second technical scheme；
Fig. 5 is the schematic diagram after first embodiment adds low and high level control circuit；
Fig. 6 is the schematic diagram after the second embodiment adds low and high level control circuit.
Detailed description of the invention
First embodiment
See Fig. 1, Fig. 2, for first embodiment of the invention, be also schematic diagram corresponding to the first technical scheme, this embodiment
The isolated electrical switch of one, at least include the first resistance R1, the second resistance R2, the first electric capacity C1, the second electric capacity C2, first
Diode D1, the second diode D2, optocoupler U1, the first audion T1, the first audion T1 is N-channel field effect transistor, also includes
Five terminals, the first terminal J1, the second terminal J2, the 3rd terminal J3, the 4th terminal J4, the 5th terminal J5, its annexation is:
The first terminal J1 connects first electric capacity C1 one end, and the first electric capacity C1 other end connects negative electrode and the two or two pole of the first diode D1
The anode of pipe D2, the negative electrode of the second diode D2 connects one end of the second electric capacity C2 and forms the first junction point, the second electric capacity C2
The other end connect anode and the second terminal J2 of the first diode D1, the luminous tube series connection in the first resistance R1 and optocoupler U1,
Generally, the mode of series connection has two kinds, the most also forms two kinds of connected modes, and both is equivalent:
(1) first junction point connects one end of the first resistance R1, and the other end of the first resistance R1 connects the anode of optocoupler U1,
The negative electrode of optocoupler U1 connects the second terminal J2；Fig. 1 shows the first connected mode；
(2) first junction points connect the anode of optocoupler U1, and the negative electrode of optocoupler U1 connects one end of the first resistance R1, the first electricity
The other end of resistance R1 connects the second terminal J2；Fig. 2 shows the second connected mode；
Above connection is used to the control of PWM end, referred to as controls lateral circuit；
3rd terminal J3 connects one end of the second resistance R2, the other end of the second resistance R2 connect optocoupler U1 colelctor electrode and
The grid of the first audion T1, the emitter stage of optocoupler U1 connects source electrode and the 5th terminal J5 of the first audion T1, the one or three pole
The drain electrode of pipe T1 connects the 4th terminal J4；
This part realizes electrical switch function, referred to as switch-side circuit；This described part does not include control
Lateral circuit processed.
Terminal definition and function are as follows:
Principles illustrated: for convenience, in following relative theory describes, the first resistance R1 is referred to as resistance R1, even as
Late electronics science boy servant's poem " Basic Analog Electronics " for Tsing-Hua University chief editor in vain is such, directly represents the with " R1 "
One resistance R1 or resistance R1, other electric capacity, diode, audion are similar.
Resistance R1 and electric capacity C1 with C2 forms similar voltage doubling rectifing circuit, and terminal J1 connects in the circuit at pwm signal place
Pwm signal exports, and pwm signal ground in the circuit at J2 connection pwm signal place, PWM voltage is generally the voltage of about 10V, also
Having the field effect transistor driving low Vgs, the high voltage of its PWM voltage is 5V, when positive level occurs in J1, through C1, diode
C2 is charged by D2, and voltage can be set up in C2 two ends, and voltage also can be set up in C1 two ends because of charging, when there is low level in J1,
I.e. identical with ground level, at this moment, J1 and J2 is equivalent to short circuit, and the upper voltage of C1 discharges through J1, J2 and diode D1, in order to
Next cycle recharges.Can also be equivalent between J1 and J2 exist the DC voltage of a half voltage of a PWM high level,
One square wave of superposition, its peak-to-peak value peak-to-peak value equal to PWM, this square wave is also AC signal, by C1, diode D1, D2 couple
C2 rectification.With discharge current, the charging current of C1 must be reached balance, and its virtual value is equal, makes ampere-second balance.
, there is anode and negative electrode in the light emitting diode in optocoupler U1, it should be noted that the anode of optocoupler, by industry mark
Accurate, it is simply that to refer in particular to the anode of light emitting diode in optocoupler；The negative electrode of optocoupler, it is simply that refer in particular to the moon of light emitting diode in optocoupler
Pole；The colelctor electrode of optocoupler, it is simply that refer in particular to the colelctor electrode of phototriode in optocoupler；The emitter stage of optocoupler, it is simply that refer in particular to optocoupler
In the emitter stage of phototriode；The base stage of the phototriode in optocoupler does not has pin, does not has electrode yet, is by receipts light
Occur amplification, the i.e. base stage of the phototriode in optocoupler not to have real pin to exist.
Light emitting diode in optocoupler U1, its forward voltage drop is about 1.1V, in order to obtain the low-power consumption of 3mW, controls side
The most not can exceed that 1.5mW with switch-side, then control side loss derive from the pressure drop of D1, the pressure drop of D2, the pressure drop of R1 and
The pressure drop of the light emitting diode in U1.Due to the lowest power consumption, being just the voltage of 1.1V, its electric current also only has (1.5mW/
1.1V)=1.36mA, for the least electric current, the pressure drop of D1, D2 easily reaches below 0.35V, and the pressure drop of resistance R1 is also
Can not be the lowest, at least reach more than 1/3rd, i.e. more than 0.33V of light-emitting diodes tube voltage drop in optocoupler U1, take here
0.4V, such metering function is relatively good, then, owing to there is ampere-second balance, the stagnation pressure controlling side generation loss is reduced to:
(0.35V+0.35V+0.4V+1.1V)=2.2V
The electric current so flowing through R1 should take approximation here at (P/U)=(1.5mW/2.2V)=below 0.682mA
0.68mA.It is true that D1 and D2 is according to the such switching tube of 1N4148, its pressure drop also can more greatly, about 0.45V, R1's
If terminal voltage takes the half of the light-emitting diodes tube voltage drop in optocoupler U1, for 0.55V, then, the electric current of R1 is flow through in final requirement will
At (1.5mW/2.55V)=below 0.588mA.
Being described above, resistance R1 and electric capacity C1 with C2 forms similar voltage doubling rectifing circuit, and the capacity of electric capacity C1 is taken little, this
Sample, under the fixed frequency of PWM and under harmonic wave, its capacitive reactance plays metering function, is achieved in that the terminal voltage of C2 will not be the highest, and draws
Play loss and become big.I.e. when design, the value of C1 can be estimated by the frequency of PWM, regulates its capacity, it is achieved flow through
The electric current of the first resistance R1 is below design load.
The control side data of first embodiment: PWM operating frequency is that 330KHz, D1 and D2 model is RB160, C1 capacitance
For 330pF, C2 capacitance be 6800pF, R1 resistance be 620 Ω, optocoupler model is EL817, and current transfer ratio is minimum one grade,
80% to 160%；
The value of so C1 is less, and the impact on former PWM drive circuit is negligible.
See switch lateral circuit, the low-power consumption of 1.5mW to be realized again, then flow through when R1 has more than 0.68mA electric current
Time, it is to be ensured that the phototriode in optocoupler is in saturation conduction state, and its output electric current is at (0.68 × 0.8) mA and (0.68
× 1.6) between mA, it is between 0.544～1.088mA, in order to ensure saturated, takes minima here, i.e. the electricity that resistance R2 provides
Stream is less than 0.544mA.The usage of the circuit of the present invention includes, between J3 and J5, will access a DC voltage, in industry
Common 5V or 12V voltage, as used 12V voltage, so, the collection when light emitting diode does not has electric current to flow through in U1, in U1
Electrode is in open-circuit condition to emitter stage, and the grid of T1 obtains the DC voltage of 12V, and this field effect transistor of T1 is in opens shape
State, its source electrode is in saturation conduction to drain electrode, i.e. J4 to J5 closes, and Guan Bi internal resistance is equal to the R of this pipeds(on)Walk plus circuit board
The internal resistance etc. of line, J4 to J5 is equivalent to a switch, is in closure state.Certainly, it is connected between J3 and J5 according to 5V, then
The model of field effect transistor T1 low driving voltage to be chosen.
When in U1, light emitting diode has electric current to flow through, the current collection best emitter stage of U1 is saturated, and the grid of T1 is to source electrode
Voltage is the saturation voltage of phototriode in U1, and only below 0.15V, T1 complete switch off, i.e. J4 to J5 turns off, J4 to J5 phase
When in a switch, it is off；The voltage of so 5V is all added to R2 two ends, and the heating of R2 is less than 1.5mW, i.e. R2
For:
R=U2/ P=25/1.5=16.67K Ω
Due in the common E24 series resistance in GB, there is no the resistance of 16.6K, at this moment by closest to 18K Ω
Carrying out value, draw and electricity standard by China, XXK Ω is referred to as XXK, the i.e. value of resistance R2 without exception will be at more than 18K.
The switch-side data of first embodiment: resistance R2 be 18K, T1 model be XP151A11B0MR, for the MOS of 30V 1A
Pipe, RDS (ON) is 0.17 Ω, is encapsulated as SOT-23, surveys pressure for 55V；
Goal of the invention is fully achieved, and for Fig. 1 or Fig. 2, actual measurement quiescent dissipation is 2.58mW, less than 3mW.
It is that two embodiments are merged into one and described it is true that above-mentioned.
Use the first embodiment of data below, can the most easily realize quiescent dissipation at below 0.5mW:
PWM operating frequency is that to be 1N4148, C1 capacitance be that 270pF, C2 capacitance is to 330KHz, D1 and D2 model
2200pF, R1 resistance is 11K, and optocoupler model is EL817, and current transfer ratio is still minimum one grade, 80% to 160%；Resistance
R2 resistance be 1M, T1 model be SIR422, for the metal-oxide-semiconductor of 40V 40A, RDS (ON) is 6m Ω, is encapsulated as SO-8；At J3 and J5
Between access the external voltage for 12V.Actual measurement flows through the electric current of the first resistance R1 at 100.4uA, i.e. 0.1mA, all static
Power consumption is 0.482mW, less than 0.5mW.
In above-mentioned value, the capacitance of C1 all capacity than filter capacitor C2 are little, and the Main Function of C2 is filtering, and it holds
Amount can so calculate: luminous tube internal resistance sum one total load resistance of equivalence of R1 and U1, this load resistance and the product of C2
Being a time constant, this time constant should be more than 5 of the cycle corresponding to PWM operating frequency times, such filter effect
Preferably, time constant is filtered more than 5 times of the cycle, derives from " the simulation electronic skill that late electronics science boy servant's poem is white
Art basis " second edition chapter 11, page 649, this book is numbered: ISBN7-04-000868-8/TN 53, awards in conjunction with China
Analysis in power, Application No. 201210303821.3 " a kind of filter circuit " background technology.
The luminous tube internal resistance of U1, approximates divided by operating current with pressure drop.The circuit of the present invention does not has electric capacity C2, and circuit is also
Can normally work, simply the poor performance of EMI some, owing to the light emitting diode in optocoupler is rubescent light, have 0.5uS's
Thermal inertia, and when after audion saturation conduction in optocoupler, T1 exists input capacitance, and at this moment, the voltage of this input capacitance is filled by R2
Electricity, requires time for, and when the most substantially rising, audion saturation conduction again in optocoupler, the grid voltage of T1 maintains 0.3V
Left and right, T1 is still in cut-off state.
When flowing through the electric current of the first resistance R1 at below 0.1mA, the second resistance is at more than 1M, and the present invention the most easily realizes quiet
State power consumption is at below 0.5mW.
When flowing through the electric current of the first resistance R1 at below 0.68mA, the second resistance the most easily realizes in more than 18K, the present invention
Quiescent dissipation is at below 3mW.
The first of the first embodiment that Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 respectively illustrates and the second embodiment, they all: realize
When pwm signal occurs, realize between the leakage of the first audion T1, source electrode turning off, when controlling side and there is no pwm signal, J4 and
This switch of J5 is in closure state.Following second technical scheme realizes when pwm signal occurs, the leakage of the first audion,
Conducting, the second technical scheme just shown in the second embodiment is realized between source electrode.
Second embodiment
See Fig. 3,4, for second embodiment of the invention, be also schematic diagram corresponding to the second technical scheme, it can be seen that control
Side processed and first embodiment are identical, and the control side of Fig. 3 with Fig. 1 is identical, and the control side of Fig. 4 with Fig. 2 is identical, so controlling
The annexation of side is the most identical.The isolated electrical switch of one of this embodiment, at least includes the first resistance R1, the second electricity
Resistance R2, the first electric capacity C1, the second electric capacity C2, the first diode D1, the second diode D2, optocoupler U1, the first audion T1, first
Audion T1 is N-channel field effect transistor, also includes five terminals, the first terminal J1, the second terminal J2, the 3rd terminal J3, the 4th
Terminal J4, the 5th terminal J5, its annexation is: the first terminal J1 connects first electric capacity C1 one end, the first electric capacity C1 other end
Connecting negative electrode and the anode of the second diode D2 of the first diode D1, the negative electrode of the second diode D2 connects the second electric capacity C2's
One end also forms the first junction point, and the other end of the second electric capacity C2 connects anode and the second terminal J2 of the first diode D1, the
Luminous tube series connection in one resistance R1 and optocoupler U1, generally, the mode of series connection has two kinds, the most also forms two kinds of connected modes,
Both is equivalent:
(1) first junction point connects one end of the first resistance R1, and the other end of the first resistance R1 connects the anode of optocoupler U1,
The negative electrode of optocoupler U1 connects the second terminal J2；Fig. 3 shows the first connected mode；
(2) first junction points connect the anode of optocoupler U1, and the negative electrode of optocoupler U1 connects one end of the first resistance R1, the first electricity
The other end of resistance R1 connects the second terminal J2；Fig. 4 shows the second connected mode；
Above connection is used to the control of PWM end, the most referred to as controls lateral circuit；
Also include the 3rd resistance R3, the phototriode series connection in the second resistance R2 and optocoupler U1, generally, the mode of series connection
Having two kinds, the most also form two kinds of connected modes, distinguish with (a), (b), this is in order to distinguish above-mentioned (1) and (2), both
It is equivalent:
A () the 3rd terminal J3 connects one end of the second resistance R2, the other end of the second resistance R2 connects the current collection of optocoupler U1
Pole, the emitter stage of optocoupler U1 connects one end and the grid of the first audion T1 of the 3rd resistance R3；Fig. 3 shows that the first connects
Mode；
B () the 3rd terminal J3 connects the colelctor electrode of optocoupler U1, the emitter stage of optocoupler U1 connects one end of the second resistance R2, the
The other end of two resistance R2 connects one end and the grid of the first audion T1 of the 3rd resistance R3；Fig. 4 shows that the second connects
Mode；
The source electrode of the first audion T1 connects the other end and the 5th terminal J5, the leakage of the first audion T1 of the 3rd resistance R3
Pole connects the 4th terminal J4.
This part realizes electrical switch function, referred to as switch-side circuit；This described part does not include control
Lateral circuit processed.
Terminal definition and the same first embodiment of function.
Principles illustrated: control the same first embodiment of principle of side, repeat no more here.Same in order to obtain the low merit of 3mW
Consumption, controls side and switch-side sum less than 3mW, then control the same same first embodiment of loss analysis of side, the most no longer
Repeat.
The control side data of the second embodiment: PWM operating frequency is 65KHz, peak value be 15V, D1 and D2 be one, model
Be internally integrated two diodes for BAT721S, BAT721S, C1 capacitance be 240pF, C2 capacitance be 103, R1 resistance is 5.1K,
Optocoupler model is EL357A, and current transfer ratio is minimum one grade, 50% to 100%；
The value of so C1 is less, and the impact on former PWM drive circuit is negligible.
See switch lateral circuit again, first look to be lost all somewhere？Owing to the phototriode in optocoupler there is also leakage
Electric current.The most all at below 0.8uA, herein for safety, take 1uA, i.e. the pressure drop that the leakage current of 1uA is formed on R3 is wanted enough
Low, it is ensured that T1 be unlikely to open conducting, the field effect transistor of current low driving voltage, its cut-in voltage Vgs can as little as 1.6V, this
Time its drain current reach 250uA, this be on its technical manual specify, then, for the T1 of this cut-in voltage, 1uA's
The pressure drop that leakage current is formed on R3 will the half of as little as 1.6V, be (U/I)=800K for 0.8V, i.e. R3, can take 820K or
750K, if for the higher field effect transistor of that cut-in voltage, the value of R3 can take greatly by this principle, so, resistance R2
Just can synchronize to take greatly, to reduce loss.
The usage of the circuit of the present invention includes, between J3 and J5, will access a DC voltage, such as 5V common in industry
Or 12V voltage, so, when in U1, light emitting diode does not has electric current to flow through, the colelctor electrode in U1 to emitter stage is in open circuit shape
State, the grid of T1 obtains the DC voltage of 0V because R3 connects source electrode, and this field effect transistor of T1 complete switches off, i.e. J4 to J5 turns off,
J4 to J5 is equivalent to a switch, is off；
When in U1, light emitting diode has electric current to flow through, the current collection best emitter stage of U1 is in opening state, either schemes
The voltage of 3 or Fig. 4, J3 is added to the grid of T1 through R2, so R2 R3 to be much smaller than, i.e. R3 is significantly larger than R2, at this moment at T1
In opening state, being i.e. equivalent to J4 to J5 Guan Bi, Guan Bi internal resistance is equal to the R of this pipeds(on)Plus the internal resistance etc. of circuit board trace,
J4 to J5 is equivalent to a switch, is in closure state.Certainly, it is connected between J3 and J5 according to 5V, then field effect transistor T1
The model of low driving voltage to be chosen.Much larger than referring generally to 10 times in electricity, such as, R2 value is 75K, then, R3 can obtain
To ceiling voltage be respectively as follows:
J3 to J5 voltage be the getable ceiling voltage of 5V, R3 be (5 × 750)/(750+75)=4.54V
J3 to J5 voltage be the getable ceiling voltage of 12V, R3 be (12 × 750)/(750+75)=10.9V
Actual driving voltage is equal to R3/ (R2+R3), the most about the 91% of primary voltage less than additional voltage, ratio.
Owing to T1 is field effect transistor, for voltage-controlled device, its grid does not consume electric current, so, when pwm signal occurs
Time, J4 Yu J5 realizes Guan Bi, and at this moment, the loss of switch-side is exactly the voltage of J3 to J5, is applied to R2 and R3 series connection all-in resistance and produces
Raw heat, has been taken as 750K due to R3, if R2 is 0 Europe, this allows in a second embodiment, because working as light load
Time, the resistance i.e. loaded is less, the output constant current characteristic of optocoupler U1, U1 when in U1, light emitting diode has electric current to flow through,
The current collection best emitter stage of U1 realizes constant current output, and the input capacitance of T1 is directly charged by this electric current, until grid voltage liter
To the highest.
The overtension applied for J3 to J5, at this moment needs existence the reasonable value of R2, it is ensured that the voltage that R3 divides
It is unlikely to damage T1, or R2 is used for coordinating T1 grid to the external stabilivolt of source electrode, it is ensured that be unlikely to damage T1, the most static merit
Consumption does not exceeds standard.
When in U1, light emitting diode does not has electric current to flow through, the current collection best emitter stage of U1 is in not on-state, only
Leakage current passes through, and leakage current is the least, and the voltage formed at R3 two ends is not higher than 0.8V, T1 and is not turned on, i.e. J4 to J5 turns off, J4
Be equivalent to a switch to J5, be off；
The switch-side data of the second embodiment: resistance R2 resistance is 100 Ω, R3 resistance is that 1.2M, T1 model is
The metal-oxide-semiconductor of AON6298,100V 46A, Vgs is 2.4V；
Goal of the invention is fully achieved, and for Fig. 3 or Fig. 4, actual measurement quiescent dissipation is 2.74mW, less than 3mW.
It is that two embodiments are merged into one and described it is true that above-mentioned.
Use the first embodiment of data below, can the most easily realize quiescent dissipation at below 0.5mW:
PWM operating frequency is 65KHz, peak value be 15V, D1 and D2 be one, model is the internal collection of BAT721S, BAT721S
Become two diodes, C1 capacitance be 180pF, C2 capacitance be 4700pF, R1 resistance be 16K, optocoupler model is EL357A, electric current
Transfer ratio is minimum one grade, 50% to 100%；Accessing the external voltage of 12V between J3 and J5, resistance R2 resistance is 20K,
R3 resistance be 1M, T1 model be SIR422, for the metal-oxide-semiconductor of 40V 40A, RDS (ON) is 6m Ω, actual measurement flow through the first resistance R1's
Electric current is at 119.7uA, i.e. 0.036mA, whole quiescent dissipations are 0.67mW, slightly larger than 0.5mW.C1 is adjusted to 150PF, the most quiet
State power consumption is 0.50mW, reaches to design requirement.
In the present invention for similar two-way changings such as Application No. 201610355438.0 and 201610355599.X
In device, when the metal-oxide-semiconductor of the first side works, it may be possible to the first side act as synchronous rectification, at this moment, it would be desirable in Fig. 3, works as J1
When also there is the driving pwm signal of synchronous rectification, at this moment T1 is not turned off or closes.3rd embodiment shows that this should
With.
3rd embodiment
See Fig. 5 and Fig. 6, please temporarily be considered as not existing by J7, R5.First embodiment, the second embodiment the first
On the basis of circuit, also including the 4th resistance R4, the second audion T2, the 6th terminal J6, the second audion is NPN type three pole
Pipe, its annexation is: the 6th terminal J6 connects the 4th resistance R4 one end, and the 4th resistance R4 other end connects the second audion T2
Base stage, the colelctor electrode of the second audion T2 connects the anode of optocoupler, and the emitter stage of the second audion T2 connects the negative electrode of optocoupler.
Terminal definition and function are as follows:
Obviously, the colelctor electrode maximum operating currenbt of T2 is exactly 0.68mA and following, if T2 select common 2N5551 or
9014.Its amplification is more than 100, and its base current only needs 6.8uA, then if the common single-chip microcomputer of the voltage of J6 terminal
3.3V, R4 choose 390K can provide the base current of 6.9uA, at this moment, the loss 0.03mW of introducing, is negligible.
For the circuit shown in Fig. 5, when pwm signal occurs in J1, if J6 low level, J4 to J5 disconnects；Now, if J6
High level occur, T2 turns on, and the light emitting diode no current of U1 flows through, and the audion cut-off in U1, T1 grid obtains electric by R2
And in high level, T2 turns on, J4 to J5 closes.
For the circuit shown in Fig. 6, when pwm signal occurs in J1, if J6 low level, J4 to J5 closes；Now, if J6
High level occur, T2 turns on, and the light emitting diode no current of U1 flows through, and the audion cut-off in U1, T1 grid cannot pass through R2
Obtaining electric, simultaneously because of R3 ground connection in low level, T2 turns off, and J4 to J5 disconnects.
It is true that this is two different embodiments, the on off state obtained is contrary, but the work controlling part is former
Manage identical, therefore put together statement.
4th embodiment
Referring also to Fig. 5 and Fig. 6, please temporarily be considered as not existing by J6, R4, T2.First embodiment, the of the second embodiment
On the basis of a kind of circuit, also including the 5th resistance R5, the 3rd diode D3, the 7th terminal J7, its annexation is: the 7th end
Sub-J7 connects the anode of the 3rd diode D3, and the negative electrode of the 3rd diode D3 connects the 5th resistance R5 one end, and the 5th resistance R5 is another
One end connects the anode of optocoupler.
Terminal definition and function are as follows:
It is achieved in that, when there is no pwm signal, adds high level by J7, optocoupler U1 still can be allowed to work, thus real
Existing:
For the circuit shown in Fig. 5, when J1 is without pwm signal:
If J7 low level, the light emitting diode no current of U1 flows through, and the audion cut-off in U1, T1 grid is obtained by R2
Electricity and in high level, T2 turn on, J4 to J5 close；
If J7 high level, the light emitting diode of U1 has electric current to flow through, the triode ON in U1, and T1 grid is low electricity
Flat, T2 turns off, and J4 to J5 disconnects；
For the circuit shown in Fig. 6, when J1 is without pwm signal:
If J7 low level, the light emitting diode no current of U1 flows through, and the audion cut-off in U1, T1 grid cannot pass through
R2 obtain electric and in low level, T2 turn off, J4 to J5 disconnect.
If J7 high level, the light emitting diode of U1 has electric current to flow through, the triode ON in U1, and T1 grid is obtained by R2
Electricity and in high level, T2 turn on, J4 to J5 close；
Obviously, with " the high level control end " of the 3rd embodiment in same circuit, the on off state obtained is contrary
's.
It is true that this is two different embodiments, the on off state obtained is contrary, but the work controlling part is former
Manage identical, therefore put together statement.
5th embodiment
3rd embodiment, the 4th embodiment are combined, and referring also to Fig. 5 and Fig. 6, full figure participates in analyzing, this reality
Execute the isolated electrical switch of one of example, also include the 4th resistance R4, the 5th resistance R5, the 3rd diode D3, the 6th terminal J6,
7th terminal J7, the second audion T2, the second audion are NPN type, and its annexation is: the 6th terminal J6 connects the 4th resistance
R4 one end, the 4th resistance R4 other end connects the base stage of the second audion T2, and the colelctor electrode of the second audion T2 connects optocoupler U1
Anode, the emitter stage of the second audion T2 connects the negative electrode of optocoupler U1, and the 7th terminal J7 connects the anode of the 3rd diode D3,
The negative electrode of the 3rd diode D3 connects the 5th resistance R5 one end, and the 5th resistance R5 other end connects the anode of optocoupler.
Increasingly complex control planning can be obtained, in conjunction with above-mentioned first embodiment, the second embodiment, the 3rd enforcement
Example, the 4th embodiment easily get a thorough understanding of its operation principle, repeat no more here.
The low and high level of switch-side controls very simple, is directly controlled the grid of T1, the most also repeats no more.
Below it is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is noted that it is right that above-mentioned preferred implementation is not construed as
The restriction of the present invention.For those skilled in the art, without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, also
Can make some improvements and modifications, the control circuit of the 3rd embodiment, Zai Jia mono-tunnel the 4th as identical in Zai Jia mono-tunnel are implemented
The control circuit of example, these improvements and modifications also should be regarded as protection scope of the present invention, the most no longer repeat by embodiment, this
Bright protection domain should be as the criterion with claim limited range.
Claims (8)
1. an isolated electrical switch, including the first resistance, the second resistance, the first electric capacity, the second electric capacity, the first diode,
Second diode, optocoupler, the first audion, the first audion is N-channel field effect transistor, also includes five terminals, the first terminal,
Second terminal, the 3rd terminal, the 4th terminal, the 5th terminal, its annexation is: the first terminal connects first electric capacity one end, the
The one electric capacity other end connects negative electrode and the anode of the second diode of the first diode, and the negative electrode of the second diode connects the second electricity
One end of holding also forms the first junction point, and the other end of the second electric capacity connects anode and second terminal of the first diode, and first
Luminous tube series connection in resistance and optocoupler, series system is following one of both:
(1) first junction point connects one end of the first resistance, and the other end of the first resistance connects the anode of optocoupler, the negative electrode of optocoupler
Connect the second terminal；
(2) first junction points connect the anode of optocoupler, and the negative electrode of optocoupler connects one end of the first resistance, the other end of the first resistance
Connect the second terminal；
3rd terminal connects one end of the second resistance, and the other end of the second resistance connects the colelctor electrode of optocoupler and the first audion
Grid, the emitter stage of optocoupler connects source electrode and the 5th terminal of the first audion, and the drain electrode of the first audion connects the 4th terminal；
It is characterized in that: flowing through the electric current of the first resistance at below 0.68mA, the second resistance is at more than 18K Ω.
Isolated electrical switch the most according to claim 1, is (1st) kind for the luminous tube in the first resistance and optocoupler
Series system, it is characterised in that: also include that the 4th resistance, the second audion, the 6th terminal, the second audion are NPN type three pole
Pipe, its annexation is: the 6th terminal connects the 4th resistance one end, and the 4th resistance other end connects the base stage of the second audion,
The colelctor electrode of the second audion connects the anode of optocoupler, and the emitter stage of the second audion connects the negative electrode of optocoupler.
Isolated electrical switch the most according to claim 1, is (1st) kind for the luminous tube in the first resistance and optocoupler
Series system, it is characterised in that: also including the 5th resistance, the 3rd diode, the 7th terminal, its annexation is: the 7th terminal
Connecting the anode of the 3rd diode, the negative electrode of the 3rd diode connects the 5th resistance one end, and the 5th resistance other end connects optocoupler
Anode.
Isolated electrical switch the most according to claim 1, is (1st) kind for the luminous tube in the first resistance and optocoupler
Series system, it is characterised in that: also include the 4th resistance, the 5th resistance, the 3rd diode, the 6th terminal, the 7th terminal, second
Audion, the second audion is NPN type triode, and its annexation is: the 6th terminal connects the 4th resistance one end, the 4th resistance
The other end connects the base stage of the second audion, and the colelctor electrode of the second audion connects the anode of optocoupler, the transmitting of the second audion
Pole connects the negative electrode of optocoupler, and the 7th terminal connects the anode of the 3rd diode, and the negative electrode of the 3rd diode connects the 5th resistance one
End, the 5th resistance other end connects the anode of optocoupler.
5. an isolated electrical switch, at least includes the first resistance, the second resistance, the first electric capacity, the second electric capacity, the one or two pole
Pipe, the second diode, optocoupler, the first audion, the first audion is N-channel field effect transistor, also includes five terminals, the first end
Son, the second terminal, the 3rd terminal, the 4th terminal, the 5th terminal, its annexation is: the first terminal connects first electric capacity one end,
The first electric capacity other end connects negative electrode and the anode of the second diode of the first diode, and the negative electrode of the second diode connects second
One end of electric capacity also forms the first junction point, and the other end of the second electric capacity connects anode and second terminal of the first diode, and
Luminous tube series connection in one resistance and optocoupler, series system is following one of both:
(1) first junction point connects one end of the first resistance, and the other end of the first resistance connects the anode of optocoupler, the negative electrode of optocoupler
Connect the second terminal；
(2) first junction points connect the anode of optocoupler, and the negative electrode of optocoupler connects one end of the first resistance, the other end of the first resistance
Connect the second terminal；
Also include the 3rd resistance, the phototriode series connection in the second resistance and optocoupler, series system is following one of both:
A () the 3rd terminal connects one end of the second resistance, the other end of the second resistance connects the colelctor electrode of optocoupler, the transmitting of optocoupler
Pole connects one end and the grid of the first audion of the 3rd resistance；
B () the 3rd terminal connects the colelctor electrode of optocoupler, the emitter stage of optocoupler connects one end of the second resistance, another of the second resistance
End connects one end and the grid of the first audion of the 3rd resistance；
The source electrode of the first audion connects the other end and the 5th terminal of the 3rd resistance, and the drain electrode of the first audion connects the 4th end
Son；
It is characterized in that: the electric current flowing through the first resistance is much larger than the resistance of the second resistance in below 0.68mA, the resistance of the 3rd resistance
Value.
Isolated electrical switch the most according to claim 5, is (1st) kind for the luminous tube in the first resistance and optocoupler
Series system, it is characterised in that: also include that the 4th resistance, the second audion, the 6th terminal, the second audion are NPN type three pole
Pipe, its annexation is: the 6th terminal connects the 4th resistance one end, and the 4th resistance other end connects the base stage of the second audion,
The colelctor electrode of the second audion connects the anode of optocoupler, and the emitter stage of the second audion connects the negative electrode of optocoupler.
Isolated electrical switch the most according to claim 5, is (1st) kind for the luminous tube in the first resistance and optocoupler
Series system, it is characterised in that: also including the 5th resistance, the 3rd diode, the 7th terminal, its annexation is: the 7th terminal
Connecting the anode of the 3rd diode, the negative electrode of the 3rd diode connects the 5th resistance one end, and the 5th resistance other end connects optocoupler
Anode.
Isolated electrical switch the most according to claim 5, is (1st) kind for the luminous tube in the first resistance and optocoupler
Series system, it is characterised in that: also include the 4th resistance, the 5th resistance, the 3rd diode, the 6th terminal, the 7th terminal, second
Audion, the second audion is NPN type triode, and its annexation is: the 6th terminal connects the 4th resistance one end, the 4th resistance
The other end connects the base stage of the second audion, and the colelctor electrode of the second audion connects the anode of optocoupler, the transmitting of the second audion
Pole connects the negative electrode of optocoupler, and the 7th terminal connects the anode of the 3rd diode, and the negative electrode of the 3rd diode connects the 5th resistance one
End, the 5th resistance other end connects the anode of optocoupler.
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| CN106026623B (en) | 2019-07-19 |
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