CN106026596A - Vertical shaft type generator unit multi-ring electromagnetic force load shedding and anti-lifting device - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses an electromagnetic force load shedding and anti-lifting system applied to a vertical shaft type rotor generator unit. The system comprises a multi-ring electromagnetic force load shedding device fixed on a first building, an armature on the spindle of a generator unit, multiple control electromagnets fixed on a second civil engineering building, multiple displacement sensors under the armature, and multiple pressure sensors under a thrust bearing, wherein the multi-ring electromagnetic force load shedding device and the control electromagnets are each composed of an iron yoke, an iron core and a coil. The invention provides a vertical shaft type generator unit multi-ring electromagnetic force load shedding and anti-lifting device which can produce a bidirectional electromagnetic force, can help to deal with bearing failure caused by too large plus or minus axial load and unbalanced hydraulic thrust, and plays a positive role in improving the operating conditions of units and preventing units from being lifted up.

Description

A kind of vertical shaft generator group polycycle electromagnetic force off-load and lifting-proof machine device

Technical field

The present invention relates to vertical shaft generator group field, particularly relate to a kind of vertical shaft generator group polycycle electromagnetic force Off-load and lifting-proof machine device.

Background technology

In China's power generation, hydroelectric generation is still in occupation of critical role, and hydropower development project remains China's new forms of energy development Emphasis.Turbine-generator units related to this designs, produces and run is water power research worker and engineers and technicians' research Core content.Turbine-generator units can be with the nucleus equipment of electric energy conversion as water, and the quality of its performance is directly connected to unit Or even can whole power station run normally.Along with the hydroelectric fast development of China, the scale in power station is increasing, Unit capacity and size increase further, and rotating speed and the strength of materials improve the most accordingly so that operating condition is the most complicated, to unit Safety and stablization run propose requirements at the higher level.

Turbine-generator units is as the nucleus equipment in power station, and functional, failure rate is low, length in service life are hydrogenerators Group realizes the basic demand of safe operation.In China, turbine-generator units usually uses vertical shaft type structure.Vertical hydrogenerator The rotor-support-foundation system of group mainly includes the parts such as generator amature, rotary wheel of water turbine and main shaft.The axial load of rotor-support-foundation system must hold Refitting is put and is undertaken, and thrust bearing is the important supporting of vertical hydropower generator, carries whole turbine-generator units rotatable parts Gravity and axial hydraulic thrust, and keep the steady in a long-term of unit rotating shaft.Due to stepping up of turbine-generator units single-machine capacity, The axial load making unit rotor system increases day by day, and thrust bearing is under long-term heavy service state, it occur frequently that oil film Puncture, and then cause bearing shell frictional heating, the problem such as even burn.In recent years, faulty generation during domestic each big power station, Once there is the catastrophe failures such as the higher even scaling loss of bearing bush temperature in the units such as Ge Zhou Ba, Du Hebai mountain, the Wujiang River.

As can be seen here, the axial load of rotor-support-foundation system decides thrust bearing service condition, and this sub-load is mainly by rotor-support-foundation system Gravity and axial hydraulic thrust two parts composition.Generally, the gravity direction phase of the direction of axial hydraulic thrust and rotor-support-foundation system With, referred to as forward hydraulic thrust.But, in some cases (as when load rejection), it occur frequently that negative sense (upwards) water Thrust, as numerical value is greater than the gravity of unit rotor system, it will makes to lift certain altitude on unit rotating part, and this phenomenon is referred to as The hydraulic turbine lift machine.The machine of lifting is one of fault the most serious during turbine-generator units runs, and can cause leaf destruction, holes probe Fracture and runner plate clash and cause the problem such as tiling gross distortion of thrust bearing.

Positively and negatively the operation of thrust bearing or even unit all can be brought the biggest puzzlement by hydraulic thrust and uneven hydraulic thrust.Along with Power station scale is increasing, and unit develops towards high water head, high parameter and jumbo direction, and operating condition will increasingly be answered Miscellaneous, the load-bearing problem of unit can more highlight and severe, and the single load bearing manner of tradition can not meet day by day increase axially negative Lotus load-bearing demand, devises vertical shaft type turbine-generator units polycycle electromagnetic force off-load and lifting-proof machine device for this present invention, has Help solve positive and negative axial load excessive, and the bearing fault that uneven hydraulic thrust causes, to improving the service condition of unit, anti- Only it is raised to positive role on unit.

Summary of the invention

In order to solve the problem of above-mentioned existence, the present invention provide a kind of vertical shaft generator group polycycle electromagnetic force off-load with Lifting-proof machine device, can produce bi-directional electromagnetic power, contributes to solving positive and negative axial load excessive, and uneven hydraulic thrust causes Bearing fault, to improving the service condition of unit, prevent from being raised on unit positive role, for reaching this purpose, this A kind of vertical shaft generator group polycycle electromagnetic force off-load of bright offer and lifting-proof machine device, subtract including polycycle electromagnetic force Carrying structure, lifting-proof machine structure, the first fixture and the second fixture, described polycycle electromagnetic force load-relieving structure includes electricity Magnet, dynamic armature unshakable in one's determination and fixing device, the upper surface of the electric magnet upper yoke of described electric magnet and the end of the first fixture Face is connected, and described electric magnet includes electric magnet upper yoke, excitation coil of electromagnet and electric magnet inner iron core, described electric magnet Generally cylindrical, the rotating shaft of vertical shaft generator group is inside cylindrical electromagnet core, in described rotating shaft and electric magnet There is the air gap between main shaft and iron yoke between iron yoke, below described electric magnet upper yoke, have electric magnet inner iron core, described electric magnet At least 3 cannelures, described excitation coil of electromagnet are had to be arranged in cannelure in inner iron core, described electric magnet upper yoke Watered into insulating barrier with electric magnet inner iron core outer wall by epoxy, below described electric magnet, have the dynamic ferrum of collar plate shape of the same area Heart armature, has the air gap of iron yoke and armature residual gap, described dynamic armature unshakable in one's determination to pass through ring between described electric magnet and dynamic armature unshakable in one's determination The fixing device of shape is sleeved in rotating shaft, and described lifting-proof machine structure includes regulating and controlling that electric magnet, displacement transducer, control process Device and pressure transducer, described regulation and control electric magnet is angularly evenly arranged in the lower section of dynamic armature unshakable in one's determination, described regulation and control electromagnetism Having displacement transducer between ferrum and dynamic armature unshakable in one's determination, described regulation and control electric magnet is fixed on the second fixture, under described main shaft There is thrust bearing side, has pressure transducer between described thrust bearing and main shaft lower surface, and described control processor is by even Wiring is connected with displacement transducer and pressure transducer.

Further improvement of the present invention, described vertical shaft generator group is water turbine vertical shaft-type generators group, and the present invention mainly fits For hydraulic generating equipment.

Further improvement of the present invention, the fixture of described first fixture and the second fixture is civil construction or fixing Frame, fixture of the present invention can be civil construction or fixed support.

Further improvement of the present invention, described dynamic armature unshakable in one's determination is the armature dynamic unshakable in one's determination of the outer thin collar plate shape of interior thickness, because rank Ferrum stress is relatively big, passes to main shaft by contact surface, makes the oblique effect playing reinforcing.

Further improvement of the present invention, the electromagnetic force of described electric magnet uses adjustable, uses regulatable magnetic force, can be according to axle Regulated the electromagnetic force of generation by the size of regulation exciting current to the size of hydraulic thrust.

Further improvement of the present invention, described regulation and control electric magnet uses single ring architecture, and the present invention regulates and controls electric magnet and mainly uses Single ring architecture.

One vertical shaft generator group polycycle electromagnetic force off-load of the present invention and lifting-proof machine device, when excitation coil passes to directly During stream electric current, polycycle electromagnetic force load-shedding equipment can produce electromagnetic attraction to armature, to armature one power upwards, due to Armature is connected with main shaft, and electromagnetic force upwards passes to main shaft by armature, thus can offset major part axial load, subtracts Shaoshi is added in the power on thrust bearing, thus improves thrust bearing running status under heavy loading, decreases because of downward Excessive the caused thrust bearing fault of axial load, as oil film punctures, thrust bearing shoe valve deforms, mechanical aging etc..Profit simultaneously With displacement transducer and pressure transducer, armature displacement and thrust bearing pressure are detected, when load rejection or When axial load is reduced to less than the 30% of rotating part gravity, off-load electric magnet power-off, regulation and control electric magnet energising, attract Armature, and give armature one downward power, and pass to main shaft, make the load being applied on thrust bearing maintain 30% all the time Left and right, can prevent from lifting on unit rotating part.

The effect of this device is to provide power upwards with polycycle electromagnetic force load-shedding equipment, can change feelings according to axial load Condition dynamically adjusts electromagnetic load reduction power, and this electromagnetic load reduction power passes to main shaft by armature, can offset the gravity of rotation system, Reducing the axial load being applied on hydraulic generator set thrust bearing, for solving, hydrogenerator axial load is excessive draws The problems such as the oil film risen punctures, mechanical aging；Regulation and control electric magnet provides downward electromagnetic force, offsets unit in removal of load The upwards hydraulic thrust occurred in journey, is used for solving to lift on rotating part the motor rotor part caused and damages and clash into and cause The problems such as mechanical failure.Regulation and control electric magnet can ensure that unit rotating part balances simultaneously, solves unit in dynamic thrust effect Under imbalance problem.Jointly acted on turbine-generator units by polycycle electromagnetic force load-shedding equipment and regulation and control electric magnet Rotating part carries out magnetic relieving and lifting-proof machine effect.

Accompanying drawing explanation

Fig. 1 is this patent vertical shaft type turbine-generator units polycycle electromagnetic force off-load and lifting-proof machine apparatus structure schematic diagram.

Fig. 2 is that schematic diagram arranged by this patent displacement transducer.

Fig. 3 is that this patent vertical shaft type turbine-generator units polycycle electromagnetic force off-load controls handling principle figure with lifting-proof machine.

Fig. 4 is the magnetic flux distribution figure of this patent six ring structure electromagnetic force load-shedding equipment.

Illustrate；

1, the air gap between main shaft and iron yoke；2, electric magnet upper yoke；3, excitation coil of electromagnet；4, iron yoke and armature residual gap Air gap；5, dynamic armature unshakable in one's determination；6, electric magnet inner iron core；7, insulating barrier；8, the first fixture；9, main shaft；10、 Regulation and control electric magnet；11, displacement transducer；12, the second fixture；13, processor is controlled；14, thrust bearing；15、 Pressure transducer；16, fixing device.

Detailed description of the invention

With detailed description of the invention, the present invention is described in further detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings:

The present invention provides a kind of vertical shaft generator group polycycle electromagnetic force off-load and lifting-proof machine device, can produce two-way electricity Magnetic force, contributes to solving positive and negative axial load excessive, and the bearing fault that uneven hydraulic thrust causes, to improving unit Service condition, prevents from being raised on unit positive role.

One hydroelectric generating set rotor part polycycle electromagnetic force off-load of the present invention and lifting-proof machine device, including ferrum on electric magnet Yoke 2, excitation coil of electromagnet 3, dynamic unshakable in one's determination armature 5, electric magnet inner iron core 6, the first civil construction of fixing upper yoke or Frame, regulation and control electric magnet 10, displacement transducer 11, the second civil construction of fixing regulation and control electric magnet, control processor 13, pressure The fixing device 16 of force transducer 15 and armature and main shaft 9.Wherein electric magnet upper yoke 2 is fixed on civil construction or fixing On support, main shaft 9 is placed in inside cylindrical electromagnet core, and there is certain air gap centre, and off-load electric magnet uses multiring structure, It is placed on organizing Exciting Windings for Transverse Differential Protection cavity electromagnetic core between in more, and waters into insulating barrier 7 with epoxy, its underlying equal area The outer thin collar plate shape armature of interior thickness, is fixed on main shaft 9, and armature can be fixed on water wheels by fixing devices 16 such as bolts and send out On group of motors main shaft 9.After energising, polycycle electromagnetic force load-shedding equipment produces suction upwards to armature, when armature revolves with main shaft When turning, main shaft obtains pulling force upwards.Whole unloading system is as shown in Figure 1.

The present invention regulates and controls electric magnet 10 and is evenly arranged in the lower section of armature 5, as in figure 2 it is shown, armature arranged beneath displacement transducer The change of 11 detection armature displacements, thrust bearing 14 is arranged the change of pressure transducer 15 rotating part axial load, regulation and control After electric magnet energising, armature can be produced downward suction, by controlling the processor 13 process to sensing data, regulation is adjusted The exciting current of control electric magnet, makes main shaft obtain downward electromagnetic force, prevents from lifting on rotating part.Whole lifting-proof machine system such as figure Shown in 1 and Fig. 3.

Application Example of the present invention is as follows:

As a example by the support pattern of China's Ankang Hydropower station rotor-support-foundation system, it uses thrust bearing, normal thrust total load to be 1600t, Hydraulic turbine model is HL-220-LT-550, major axis diameter 1.9m, runner diameter 5.5m, rated speed 107.1r/min, averagely Head 76.2m, in order to make unit keep stable operation, the 50%～85% of this device its axial thrust total load of only off-load.With six Its electromagnetic load reduction power is analyzed as a example by ring structure, setting slot number total length L=1.7m radially, the exciting current I=2A of applying, Coil total number of turns N=5000, sets armature and iron yoke thickness h₁=h₂=0.24m, stationary window height h₂=0.2m, air gap Thickness is 0.005m, if each wiring groove width is all 0.085m mutually, each facewidth is 0.170m, and the area of the most all teeth is 13.832m².As shown in Figure 4, obtain magnetic flux density at mean operating air gap is 0.999T to magnetic flux distribution at air gap, electromagnetism Power is 8.398 × 10⁶N, can off-load normal thrust total load 54%.Under the same terms, electric current being adjusted to 4A, electromagnetic force increases Greatly 1.303 × 10⁷N, can off-load normal thrust total load 83%, thus can obtain polycycle electromagnetic force load-shedding equipment can be big Width alleviates hydroelectric generating set rotor part and the hydraulic thrust axial compressive force to thrust bearing, and should by regulation exciting current Situation of change dynamic to axial load.

Lifting-proof machine is analyzed still as a example by hydraulic turbine HL220-LJ-550, chooses 6 collar plate shape DC electromagnets, this disk electric magnet Central axis with r_cFor on the circular path of radius, be evenly distributed on the lower section of armature, particular location as in figure 2 it is shown, its Middle R_a=d₄/ 2 is armature radius.The electromagnetic force that each regulation and control electric magnet provides is about 0～20kN.

Set δ_x0For regulation and control air gap, choose 3mm herein；d_c1For annular diameters 30cm；d_c2For outer shroud interior diameter 50cm；d_c3 For outer shroud interior diameter 60cm；h_c1For iron yoke height 4cm；h_c2For coil window height 6cm.By Ampere circuit law, air gap Magnetic flux density is:

$B=\frac{{\mathrm{\μ}}_{0}NI}{2{\mathrm{\δ}}_{x_0}}---\left(1\right);$

When being obtained static state by Maxwell formula, this electromagnet suction is；

$F=\frac{{\mathrm{\μ}}_0{S}_0{N}^2{I}^2}{8{\mathrm{\δ}}_{x_0}^2}---\left(2\right);$

Wherein S₀For air-gap field area.Assume to apply magnetomotive force NI=4000 number of ampere turns to solenoid, (1) formula obtain B=0.63T, can obtain F by formula (2)_ET,i≈ 22kN, i=1,2 ..., 6, meet regulation and control demand.

In conjunction with the design object (i.e. about the 80% of the total axial load of off-load) of load-shedding equipment, in order to ensure the stability of unit and fit Answer different heads and the change of operating mode, need the actual carrying capacity of thrust bearing is monitored.Choose 6 pressure transducer peaces Being contained on thrust bearing, the concrete installation site of each sensor is corresponding with regulation and control electric magnet, simultaneously at the center of electric magnet Installation position, position displacement sensor is used for detecting armature stressing conditions, the most as shown in Figure 2.

Regulation and control electric magnet plays and prevents from lifting on unit effect, need to change according to the pressure on thrust bearing, choose bias current, with Reach to prevent to lift (or off-load) effect, according to armature displacement signal, detection thrust bearing by force unbalance degree, its control Principle processed as it is shown on figure 3, wherein D/A be digital-to-analog conversion, A/D is analog/digital conversion.Control principle is: biasing Current value is depending on pressure change and the state of device work, as prevented lifting or off-load, and pressure signal and displacement signal transmission To controller, according to the Rule of judgment set and control algolithm, controller determines the value of output bias current I (P) and controls electric current i_cSize.If armature is in equilbrium position δ_x0Time, by uneven water slug, occur disturbance make armature deviation equilbrium position (as Shown in Fig. 3, if offset displacement is δ_x) time, apparatus of the present invention make armature return to equilbrium position, can add regulation and control electromagnet apparatus One controls electric current i_cThe magnetic field intensity that magnet exciting coil 2 is produced strengthens, and the magnetic field intensity that magnet exciting coil 1 produces weakens, from And making armature return to equilbrium position under the effect of electromagnetic force, specific works process is as follows: displacement transducer and pressure transducer inspection Measure after this offset signal through displacement and pressure signal change-over circuit, after being processed by controller, obtain displacement bias signal, control Device processed processes through certain control algolithm and obtains controlled quentity controlled variable, then controlled quentity controlled variable is flowed to power amplifier, by power amplifier DM realizes the control to armature equilbrium position.

As a example by Ankang Hydropower station hydraulic turbine HL220-LJ-550, from off-load target, thrust bearing only needs to undertake the axle of 20% On the thrust bearing that total load, i.e. pressure transducer are surveyed, gross pressure is aboutUnder the operating modes such as removal of load, rotate Part is easily lifted, if the gross pressure on the thrust bearing of pressure transducer surveyTime, then biased electrical Stream I (P)=0, wherein P_iFor the pressure sensor readings that i displacement transducer is corresponding；If

$I\left(P\right)=\sqrt{\frac{8{\mathrm{\δ}}_{x_0}^2(0.2G-\underset{i=1}{\overset{6}{\Σ}}{P}_i)}{6{\mathrm{\μ}}_0{S}_0{N}^2}}---\left(3\right);$

The axial load being imparted on thrust bearing is consistently greater than equal to 0.2G, prevent rotating part on lift.For lifting machine The power station that phenomenon more takes place frequently, when removal of load, owing to the shut-in time of unit stator is limited, axially upwardly power can drastically increase Greatly, if F_WDuring ' ＞ G, rotor-support-foundation system can be lifted, nowTherefore can be previously applied downward electromagnetic force to prevent Lifting, the size of power is rule of thumb given, and is 15mm as assumed the most serious machine of the lifting accident that Ankang Hydropower station once occurred, and calculates F can be obtained_W≈ 8749kN, thenWherein F_ET,iIt is the electromagnetic force of i-th electric magnet, bias current It is set as；

$I\left(P\right)=\sqrt{\frac{8{\mathrm{\δ}}_{x_0}^2\left(\underset{i=1}{\overset{6}{\Σ}}{F}_{ET,i}\right)}{6{\mathrm{\μ}}_0{S}_0{N}^2}}---\left(4\right)$

I.e. unit prepare removal of load when to regulation and control electric magnet apply above-mentioned bias current, then by pressure data Line is monitored, and carries out subsequent adjustment.

The above, be only presently preferred embodiments of the present invention, is not the restriction that the present invention makees any other form, and Any amendment made according to the technical spirit of the present invention or equivalent variations, still fall within scope of the present invention.

Claims (6)

1. null1. a vertical shaft generator group polycycle electromagnetic force off-load and lifting-proof machine device，Including polycycle electromagnetic force load-relieving structure、Lifting-proof machine structure、First fixture (8) and the second fixture (12)，It is characterized in that: described polycycle electromagnetic force load-relieving structure includes electric magnet、Dynamic armature (5) unshakable in one's determination and fixing device (16)，The upper surface of the electric magnet upper yoke (2) of described electric magnet is connected with the end face of the first fixture (8)，Described electric magnet includes electric magnet upper yoke (2)、Excitation coil of electromagnet (3) and electric magnet inner iron core (6)，Described electric magnet is the most cylindrical，The rotating shaft (9) of vertical shaft generator group is inside cylindrical electromagnet core，The air gap (1) between main shaft and iron yoke is had between described rotating shaft (9) and electric magnet upper yoke (2)，There is electric magnet inner iron core (6) described electric magnet upper yoke (2) lower section，At least 3 cannelures are had in described electric magnet inner iron core (6)，Described excitation coil of electromagnet (3) is arranged in cannelure，Described electric magnet upper yoke (2) is watered into insulating barrier (7) with electric magnet inner iron core (6) outer wall by epoxy，The armature (5) dynamic unshakable in one's determination of collar plate shape of the same area is had below described electric magnet，The air gap (4) of iron yoke and armature residual gap is had between described electric magnet and dynamic armature (5) unshakable in one's determination，Described dynamic armature (5) unshakable in one's determination is sleeved in rotating shaft (9) by the fixing device (16) of annular，Described lifting-proof machine structure includes regulating and controlling electric magnet (10)、Displacement transducer (11)、Control processor (13) and pressure transducer (15)，Described regulation and control electric magnet (10) is angularly evenly arranged in the lower section of dynamic armature (5) unshakable in one's determination，Displacement transducer (11) is had between described regulation and control electric magnet (10) and dynamic armature (5) unshakable in one's determination，Described regulation and control electric magnet (10) is fixed on the second fixture (12)，There is thrust bearing (14) described main shaft (9) lower section，Pressure transducer (15) is had between described thrust bearing (14) and main shaft (9) lower surface，Described control processor (13) is connected with displacement transducer (11) and pressure transducer (15) by connecting line.
2. A kind of vertical shaft generator group polycycle electromagnetic force off-load the most according to claim 1 and lifting-proof machine device, it is characterised in that: described vertical shaft generator group is water turbine vertical shaft-type generators group.
3. A kind of vertical shaft generator group polycycle electromagnetic force off-load the most according to claim 1 and lifting-proof machine device, it is characterised in that: the fixture of described first fixture (8) and the second fixture (12) is civil construction or fixed support.
4. A kind of vertical shaft generator group polycycle electromagnetic force off-load the most according to claim 1 and lifting-proof machine device, it is characterised in that: described dynamic armature (5) unshakable in one's determination is the armature (5) dynamic unshakable in one's determination of the outer thin collar plate shape of interior thickness.
5. A kind of vertical shaft generator group polycycle electromagnetic force off-load the most according to claim 1 and lifting-proof machine device, it is characterised in that: the electromagnetic force of described electric magnet uses adjustable.
6. A kind of vertical shaft generator group polycycle electromagnetic force off-load the most according to claim 1 and lifting-proof machine device, it is characterised in that: described regulation and control electric magnet (10) uses single ring architecture.