CN102768101B - Vibration testing device for hydropower unit in hydropower station and vibration attenuation implementing method of vibration testing device - Google Patents
Vibration testing device for hydropower unit in hydropower station and vibration attenuation implementing method of vibration testing device Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a vibration testing device for a hydropower unit in a hydropower station, comprising four horizontal vibration sensors, a magnetic approach switch, a magnetic sheet type fixed reference point and a signal acquisition instrument, wherein the four horizontal vibration sensors are respectively fixed on an upper rack and a lower rack which are used as two supporting legs; the magnetic approach switch is fixed on the upper rack; the magnetic sheet type fixed reference point is fixed on a rotating shaft; and the horizontal vibration sensors and the magnetic approach switch are respectively connected with the signal acquisition instrument. A vibration attenuation implementing method of the vibration testing device comprises the following steps of: starting up the hydropower unit to test sensor signals of the hydropower unit under different loads; determining an unbalance mass position according to a test curve; carrying out equal-mass weight distribution on the upper end surface and the lower end surface of a rotor of the unit, and testing by changing mass of a distributed weight in equal proportion; and determining the masses of the distributed weights on the upper end surface and the lower end surface of the rotor of the hydropower unit according to the vibration test amplitude values of the two weight distributions. The vibration testing device is simple in structure, and the vibration attenuation implementing method is easy to implement, high in efficiency and capable of synchronously reducing vibration of the hydropower unit caused by a machine, a water flow and an unbalanced magnetic force so as to prolong the service life of the hydropower unit.
Description
Affiliated technical field
The invention belongs to the test of hydraulic unit vibration and control, particularly a kind of hydraulic unit vibration proving installation and vibration damping implementation method thereof.
Background technology
On August 17th, 2009, there is serious accident in Sa Yang-Shu Shensike power station, first near 2# unit, produces a thundering noise, and 2# water-turbine top cover and rotor penetrate subsequently, water column sprays into main building from the cavity of the hydraulic turbine, finally causes water logging factory building, fatal crass's heavy consequence.The past, if not forgotten, can serve as a guide for the future, and from the serious accident of Sa Yang-Shu Shensike power station, resulting warning should cause the attention of China's water conservancy industry.Accident post analysis, the vibration that exceeds standard of unit is one of major reason causing this accident.
The factor that causes Hydraulic Power Unit vibration mainly contains machinery, waterpower, electromagnetism three classes, and the unit vibration that three class factors cause interknits, interacts.For example, when flow evokes unit rotor oscillation, between generator amature and stator, can cause air gap asymmetric, the asymmetric vibration that can aggravate again unit rotating part of magnetic pull producing therefrom, and rotor motion state changes and must exert an influence to the flow field of the hydraulic turbine and generator electromagnetic field.
Carry out dynamic balance running, on electric generating set rotor, carry out reasonable, effective counterweight, can effectively solve the unit vibration problem causing due to unit rotating part non-uniform mass.The essence of dynamic balance running is to find out unbalance mass, and the position of rotor, at present installation company, three test mass graphing methods of the many employings of unit maintenance mechanism.The method more complicated, and need multiple switching unit, be generally no less than 5 times.And when test do not consider that unit load changes the impact bringing, make this experiment can not at utmost reduce Hydraulic Power Unit vibration.
Summary of the invention
Object of the present invention is intended to for above-mentioned existing problems, a kind of hydraulic unit vibration proving installation and vibration damping implementation method thereof are provided, this proving installation can synchronously reduce the Hydropower Unit vibration that machinery, current, electromagnetic unbalance power cause, consider the impact of unit load variation, water flow field variation etc., more effectively reduce and control the vibration of Hydraulic Power Unit, the number of times of starting shooting when this method of testing can reduce dynamic balance running, reduces testing cost, improves testing efficiency.
Technical solution of the present invention:
A kind of hydraulic unit vibration proving installation, comprise horizontal vibration sensor, magnet proximity switch, magnetic sheet permanent datum and signal sampler, horizontal vibration sensor arranges four and be separately fixed at and be positioned on two supporting legs of the above and below upper and lower frame of rotor altogether, and the horizontal vibration sensor orientation that two horizontal vibration sensors that install in the outside of each frame are mutually in 90 degree and upper and lower frame is corresponding consistent; Magnet proximity switch is fixed on upper spider near rotating shaft place, magnetic sheet permanent datum is fixed in rotating shaft and with magnet proximity switch on same level line, the distance of magnet proximity switch and magnetic sheet permanent datum is 0.5-2cm, make when this reference point is passed through magnet proximity switch, switch is opening state, and while leaving, switch is closure state; Horizontal vibration sensor is connected with signal sampler by wire respectively with magnet proximity switch.
A vibration damping implementation method for described hydraulic unit vibration proving installation, step is as follows:
1) stopped status installation testing device, then starts Hydraulic Power Unit to rated speed, and the sensor signal of Hydraulic Power Unit under different load is tested and recorded to grid-connected on-load;
2) selection level vibration amplitude maximum duty, according to the crest of the vibration amplitude signal curve of horizontal vibration sensor test, wave trough position and magnet proximity switch pulse signal location positioning unbalance mass, position;
3) then stop unit operation, the quality counterweight such as in relevant position, hydroelectric generator group rotor upper and lower end face, carry out, start unit to vibration amplitude maximum duty, test and record coherent signal;
4) then stop unit operation, equal proportion changes weight mass, starts unit to vibration amplitude maximum duty, tests and record coherent signal;
5) finally according to the vibration-testing amplitude of twice counterweight, determine the counterweight amount of Hydraulic Power Unit rotor upper and lower end face, stop unit operation, according to calculating counterweight value, carry out counterweight, complete and reduce Hydraulic Power Unit vibration work, unit recovers normal operation.
Beneficial effect of the present invention:
This proving installation is simple in structure, oscillation damping method is easy to implement, efficiency is high, can synchronously reduce the Hydraulic Power Unit vibration that machinery, current, electromagnetic unbalance power cause, classic method is simpler relatively, the factor of considering is more, can effectively reduce the vibration amplitude of Hydraulic Power Unit, increase the scope of the efficient operational area of unit, and the serviceable life that extends unit, testing cost is low, has very high practical value.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is this proving installation schematic diagram.
Fig. 2 is this proving installation schematic top plan view.
In figure: 1. upper spider 2. lower bearing bracket 3. rotor 4-I, 4-II, 4-III, 4-IV. horizontal vibration sensor 5. magnet proximity switch 6. rotating shaft 7. magnetic sheet permanent datum 8. signal sampler 9. wires
Fig. 3 is for take the phase place comparative analysis figure of upper spider directions X horizontal vibration sensor as reference point drafting.
Embodiment
Embodiment:
A kind of hydraulic unit vibration proving installation, comprise horizontal vibration sensor 4-I, 4-II, 4-III, 4-IV, magnet proximity switch 5, magnetic sheet permanent datum 7 and signal sampler 8, horizontal vibration sensor arranges altogether four 4-I, 4-II, 4-III, 4-IV and is separately fixed at and is positioned on 1,2 two supporting legs of the above and below upper and lower frame of rotor 3, and the horizontal vibration sensor orientation that two horizontal vibration sensors that install in the outside of each frame 1,2 are mutually in 90 degree and upper and lower frame 1,2 is corresponding consistent; Magnet proximity switch 5 is fixed on upper spider 1 near rotating shaft 6 places, magnetic sheet permanent datum 7 is fixed in rotating shaft 6 and with magnet proximity switch 5 on same level line, when this reference point 7 is passed through magnet proximity switch 5, switch 5 is opening state, and while leaving, switch 5 is closure state; Horizontal vibration sensor 4-I, 4-II, 4-III, 4-IV and magnet proximity switch 5 are connected with signal sampler 8 by wire 9 respectively.
The vibration damping implementation method of this hydraulic unit vibration proving installation, Hydraulic Power Unit capacity 200,000 kW, counterweight radius 3m, rated speed is 120r/min, step is as follows:
1) Hydraulic Power Unit is out of service, in orthogonal two horizontal directions of upper lower bearing bracket (directions X and Y-direction), a horizontal vibration sensor (DPS-0.35-5-H) is respectively installed; At upper spider directions X, near turning the place of taking out, one magnet proximity switch (DZJC-2) is installed, and permanent datum is installed in rotating shaft, magnet proximity switch 5 is 0.5cm with the distance of magnetic sheet permanent datum 7; Horizontal vibration sensor, magnet proximity switch are connected with signal sampler (NI PXI-6255 more Function Data Collect System) by wire respectively.
2) start Hydraulic Power Unit, grid-connected on-load, stable operation 5 minutes under 2,4,6,8,10,12,14,16,18,200,000 kW loads respectively, the fluctuating signal that the lower vibration amplitude of each load of signal sampler record and on-off element produce; Draw the lower sensor vibration amplitude change procedure curve map of respectively loading, select the maximum corresponding load condition of vibration amplitude, this time implement by relatively determining that the corresponding operating mode of maximum vibration amplitude is 80,000 kW; The upper spider directions X horizontal vibration sensor of take is reference point, draw phase place comparative analysis figure, as shown in Figure 3, from figure, leading reference point 54 degree of phase place of unbalance mass, can be determined in pulse signal and vibration amplitude position, utilize the test data of other three sensors, also draw phase place comparative analysis figure, check the phase place of unbalance mass,, guarantee the accurate of result.
3) unit is out of service, the relevant position that the Hydraulic Power Unit upper and lower end face counterweight radius of spending directions in definite unbalance phase 180 is 3m, counterweight 15kg, starts unit to the corresponding operating mode of maximum vibration amplitude respectively, and signal sampler records coupled vibration amplitude signal.
4) unit is out of service, and at the original balance position in Hydraulic Power Unit upper and lower end face, counterweight 30kg, starts unit to 80,000 kW that load respectively, and signal sampler records coupled vibration amplitude signal.
5) this time implementing to choose lower bearing bracket test data on directions X analyzes.The radial rigidity of supposing upper lower carriage is constant, and the mount vibration amplitude that after consideration counterweight, the variation of unbalance mass, causes changes, and according to Hooke's law and equilibrium of forces, can calculate this hydropower unit upper and lower end face and respectively need counterweight 60kg, 80kg.Concrete formula is as follows:
F=kx
In formula, F is load, and K is rigidity, and X is shift value.
According to the mass change of twice counterweight, adopt the relation between above-mentioned formula row centrifugal force and test shift value to obtain:
In formula, twice counterweight of △ m is of poor quality; The tarnsition velocity of ω unit; R is counterweight radius; k
1, k
2be respectively upper spider and lower bearing bracket radial rigidity;
be respectively upper spider counterweight for the first time with the displacement amplitude of secondary test;
be respectively lower bearing bracket counterweight for the first time with the displacement amplitude of secondary test.
According to above formula, can calculate upper spider and lower bearing bracket radial rigidity k
1, k
2.Then according to the displacement amplitude test result before counterweight, adopt following formula:
M
1, m
2for the required weight mass of upper lower bearing bracket;
be respectively lower bearing bracket at unit to maximum vibration amplitude under corresponding operating mode, the displacement amplitude of horizon sensor test during counterweight not.
Stop unit operation, the original balance position in Hydraulic Power Unit upper and lower end face, difference counterweight 60kg and 80kg, unit recovers normal operation.
Claims (1)
1. the vibration damping implementation method of a hydraulic unit vibration proving installation, described vibration-testing apparatus comprises horizontal vibration sensor, magnet proximity switch, magnetic sheet permanent datum and signal sampler, horizontal vibration sensor arranges four and be separately fixed at and be positioned on two supporting legs of the above and below upper and lower frame of rotor altogether, and the horizontal vibration sensor orientation that two horizontal vibration sensors that install in the outside of each frame are mutually in 90 degree and upper and lower frame is corresponding consistent; Magnet proximity switch is fixed on upper spider near rotating shaft place, magnetic sheet permanent datum is fixed in rotating shaft and with magnet proximity switch on same level line, the distance of magnet proximity switch and magnetic sheet permanent datum is 0.5-2cm, make when magnetic sheet permanent datum passes through magnet proximity switch, magnet proximity switch is opening state, and while leaving, magnet proximity switch is closure state; Horizontal vibration sensor is connected with signal sampler by wire respectively with magnet proximity switch, it is characterized in that step is as follows:
1) stopped status installation testing device, then starts hydropower unit to rated speed, and the horizontal vibration sensor signal of hydropower unit under different load is tested and recorded to grid-connected on-load;
2) selection level vibration amplitude maximum duty, according to the crest of the vibration amplitude signal curve of horizontal vibration sensor test, wave trough position and magnet proximity switch pulse signal location positioning unbalance mass, position;
3) then stop hydropower unit operation, the quality counterweight such as in relevant position, hydroelectric generator group rotor upper and lower end face, carry out, start hydropower unit to vibration amplitude maximum duty, test and record coherent signal;
4) then stop the operation of hydropower unit, equal proportion changes weight mass, starts hydropower unit to vibration amplitude maximum duty, tests and record coherent signal;
5) finally according to the vibration amplitude of twice weight mass test, determine the weight mass of hydroelectric generator group rotor upper and lower end face, stop the operation of hydropower unit, according to calculating weight mass, carry out counterweight, complete and reduce hydropower unit vibration work, hydropower unit recovers normal operation.
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