CN103217284B - Measurement method for modal damping coefficient of rotary machine - Google Patents
Measurement method for modal damping coefficient of rotary machine Download PDFInfo
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- CN103217284B CN103217284B CN201310136549.9A CN201310136549A CN103217284B CN 103217284 B CN103217284 B CN 103217284B CN 201310136549 A CN201310136549 A CN 201310136549A CN 103217284 B CN103217284 B CN 103217284B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a measurement method for a modal damping coefficient of a rotary machine. The method comprises the steps that firstly measuring a curve of the rotary machine with phase varying along of rotating speed and secondly carrying out value calculation on a matching test curve to obtain the corresponding modal damping coefficient of the rotary machine when a target function is a minimal value. In the measurement method for the modal damping coefficient of the rotary machine, the modal damping coefficient of the rotary machine is obtained by calculating the curve with the phase varying along with the rotating speed and through value calculation of the matching test curve, due to the fact the curve with the phase varying along with rotating speed is an approximate center symmetrical diagram and is in one-to-one correspondence with the modal damping coefficient, the method is utilized to measure the modal damping coefficient, a rotor system is not needed to be operated over a critical rotating speed, so that measurement cost is reduced, and measurement safety and generality are improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to mechanical test technology, be specially a kind of measuring method of rotating machinery modal damping coefficient.
Background technology
Along with the development that modernization industry is advanced by leaps and bounds, rotor-support-foundation system is to high speed, high power development, and its performance improves constantly, and the security requirement of people to rotor-bearing system is also more and more higher simultaneously.Therefore, researcher is also more deep to the research of rotor dynamics characteristic.Wherein, a kind of main research method carries out numerical simulation to real rotor dynamics characteristic exactly, needs the parameters knowing rotor-support-foundation system during numerical simulation, and modal damping coefficient is exactly the parameter that one of them must control.Meanwhile, more and more receive publicity without in test mass transient equilibrium, the modal damping coefficient of rotor-support-foundation system is also a parameter that must measure.Moreover utilize damping can control vibration and impact, damping makes system capacity dissipate in vibration processes.In the rotor-support-foundation system supporting construction of modern aeroengine, industrial compressors, turbosupercharger, all squeeze film damper can be housed, Damping work exciting force institute work limits the amplitude of system.
As can be seen here, damping has very important effect in vibrational system.And at present, usually half-power method is all adopted to the measurement of rotor-support-foundation system damping.Half-power points calculates attenuation coefficient according to the magnification factor for amplitude of vibrational system simple harmonic oscillation.In test is measured, rotor-support-foundation system must be accelerated to more than critical rotary speed by us, obtains the change curve of amplitude rotating speed, and then obtains two half-power points on this amplitude-frequency line, then calculates the modal damping coefficient of this system.Actual rotor-support-foundation system its amplitude before balance is larger often, and especially at critical rotary speed place, amplitude can increase suddenly, vibration aggravation, easily causes the damage of rotor-support-foundation system.Some rotor-support-foundation systems are before balance or even can not reach more than critical rotary speed smoothly, and at this time traditional half-power method just fails.So, obviously when carrying out modal damping coefficient by half-power method and measuring, the rotor-support-foundation system larger for amplitude is unsafe, irrational.Therefore, be just necessary again to propose a kind of new measuring method.
Summary of the invention
The technical matters solved
For solving traditional half-power measuring method poor stability when measuring rotor-support-foundation system damping, the problem even lost efficacy, the present invention proposes a kind of measuring method of rotating machinery modal damping coefficient, meet theoretical research rotating machinery power characteristic and novel without the demand of test mass dynamic balancing technique to system damping parameter.
Technical scheme
Technical scheme of the present invention is:
The measuring method of described a kind of rotating machinery modal damping coefficient, is characterized in that: adopt following steps:
Step 1: measure rotating machinery phase place with rotation speed change curve:
Step 1.1: install vibration-testing sensor in rotary machine rotor system position to be measured, measure the amplitude of rotor-support-foundation system; Photoelectric sensor is installed and aims at the rotor-support-foundation system wheel disc place of posting reflecting piece, to measure rotor-support-foundation system rotating speed;
Step 1.2: draw high near rotor-support-foundation system critical rotary speed from the even acceleration of 0rpm by the rotating speed of rotor-support-foundation system, collects the real-time rotate speed data of rotor-support-foundation system and corresponding amplitude data by vibration-testing sensor and photoelectric sensor; Described real-time rotate speed data are a series of pulse signal;
Step 1.3: calculate the phasing degree that between adjacent two pulse signals of real-time rotate speed data, peak swing is corresponding: the amplitude data collection between adjacent two pulse signals is counted as N, have peak swing at n-th place, then the phasing degree that between adjacent two pulse signals of real-time rotate speed data, peak swing is corresponding is (n/N) * 360 °;
Step 1.4: step 1.3 is repeated to all successive pulse signals of real-time rotate speed data, obtains and rotor-support-foundation system real-time rotate speed data peak swing phase angles data one to one
Step 2: numerical evaluation match test curve:
Step 2.1: press fixed step size C delivery state ratio of damping ξ in interval [a, b] scope
nc, by ξ
ncand the K recorded in step 1.2 real-time rotate speed data substitute into theoretical formula
Obtain at modal damping coefficient ξ
cunder, the phasing degree that each real-time rotate speed data are corresponding
ω in theoretical formula
nrepresent the critical rotary speed of rotor-support-foundation system, ω represents real-time rotate speed;
Step 2.2: adopt objective function
Compute mode ratio of damping ξ
nccorresponding target L
c; Delivery state ratio of damping ξ
ncin interval [a, b] scope, target L
cmodal damping coefficient corresponding to minimal value be the modal damping coefficient of this rotating machinery.
The measuring method of described a kind of rotating machinery modal damping coefficient, is characterized in that: in step 1.2, the rotating speed of rotor-support-foundation system is drawn high 70% ~ 90% of rotor-support-foundation system critical rotary speed from the even acceleration of 0rpm.
Beneficial effect
Obtained the modal damping coefficient of rotating machinery with rotation speed change curve and numerical evaluation match test curve by calculating phase place in the present invention, due to phase place be approximate center symmetric figure with rotation speed change curve and and modal damping coefficient one to one, so adopt method of the present invention not need rotor-support-foundation system to open critical rotary speed at measurement mode ratio of damping, thus reduce and measure cost, improve and measure security and versatility.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is modal damping coefficient measurement procedure figure
Fig. 2 is vibration-testing sensor scheme of installation
Fig. 3 is the change curve of objective function L with ratio of damping
Fig. 4 is numerical evaluation and comparison of test results figure
In figure: 1-measured axis, 2-X direction sensor, 3-Y direction sensor, in Fig. 4, D represents modal damping coefficient.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the present invention is described:
The method of the measurement rotating machinery modal damping coefficient in the present embodiment, adopts following steps:
Step 1: measure rotating machinery phase place with rotation speed change curve:
Step 1.1: with reference to accompanying drawing 2, two orthogonal vibration-testing sensors are installed in rotary machine rotor system position to be measured, and the axle center of this sensor alignment rotor-support-foundation system, measure the amplitude of rotor-support-foundation system, rotor cross section to be measured and sensor mounting location should be tried one's best near bearing, reduce rotating shaft as much as possible and shake the excessive and additive error that causes of pendulum when rotated.Photoelectric sensor is installed and aims at the rotor-support-foundation system wheel disc place of posting reflecting piece, to measure rotor-support-foundation system rotating speed; Here the position of reflecting piece when measuring as the start reference position at phasing degree.
Step 1.2: after equipment installs, open acquisition system, the rotating speed of rotor-support-foundation system is drawn high near rotor-support-foundation system critical rotary speed from the even acceleration of 0rpm, here the magnitude of vibrations that can bear according to system determines, generally get 70% ~ 90% of rotor-support-foundation system critical rotary speed, the present embodiment chooses 80% of critical rotary speed.The real-time rotate speed data of rotor-support-foundation system and corresponding amplitude data is collected by vibration-testing sensor and photoelectric sensor; Described real-time rotate speed data are a series of pulse signal.
Step 1.3: what obtain in step 1.2 due to the present embodiment is the delta data of amplitude rotating speed, so also carried out discrete Fourier transformation to amplitude data, the change of this discrete fourier is carried out in real time, obtains sine or cosine signal.And the rotating speed that photoelectric sensor is measured is a series of pulse signal (rotor will produce a pulse signal in rotating whenever reflecting piece alignment light electric transducer), 360 ° are turned over for one-period and rotor-support-foundation system between two pulse signals, with first pulse in one-period for the starting point calculating phasing degree of rotor in one-period corresponding to peak swing, thus obtain the phase information of rotor, namely the amplitude data collection between adjacent two pulse signals is counted as N, peak swing is had at n-th place, the phasing degree that then between adjacent two pulse signals of real-time rotate speed data, peak swing is corresponding is (n/N) * 360 °.
Step 1.4: step 1.3 is repeated to all successive pulse signals of real-time rotate speed data, obtains and rotor-support-foundation system real-time rotate speed data peak swing phase angles data one to one
and draw out the change curve of phase place with rotating speed;
Step 2: numerical evaluation match test curve:
Step 2.1: increase progressively 0.0001 from 0.01 to 0.1 at every turn and get a fixed modal damping coefficient ξ
nc, by ξ
ncand the K recorded in step 1.2 real-time rotate speed data substitute into theoretical formula
Obtain at modal damping coefficient ξ
cunder, the phasing degree that each real-time rotate speed data are corresponding
ω in theoretical formula
nrepresent the critical rotary speed of rotor-support-foundation system, ω represents real-time rotate speed;
Step 2.2: adopt objective function
Compute mode ratio of damping ξ
nccorresponding target L
c; Draw out L with modal damping coefficient change curve as shown in Figure 3.Delivery state ratio of damping ξ
ncfrom 0.01 to 0.1 change, target L
cmodal damping coefficient corresponding to minimal value be the modal damping coefficient of this rotating machinery.
Finally, phase place under this modal damping coefficient is drawn out with rotation speed change curve with Matlab.By the Drawing of Curve of trial curve and theory calculate in a figure, as shown in Figure 4, theoretical result of mating with test can be checked further.
Claims (2)
1. a measuring method for rotating machinery modal damping coefficient, is characterized in that: adopt following steps:
Step 1: measure rotating machinery phase place with rotation speed change curve:
Step 1.1: install vibration-testing sensor in rotary machine rotor system position to be measured, measure the amplitude of rotor-support-foundation system; Photoelectric sensor is installed and aims at the rotor-support-foundation system wheel disc place of posting reflecting piece, to measure rotor-support-foundation system rotating speed;
Step 1.2: draw high near rotor-support-foundation system critical rotary speed from the even acceleration of 0rpm by the rotating speed of rotor-support-foundation system, collects the real-time rotate speed data of rotor-support-foundation system and corresponding amplitude data by vibration-testing sensor and photoelectric sensor; Described real-time rotate speed data are a series of pulse signal;
Step 1.3: calculate the phasing degree that between adjacent two pulse signals of real-time rotate speed data, peak swing is corresponding: the amplitude data collection between adjacent two pulse signals is counted as N, at m point, there is peak swing at place, then the phasing degree that between adjacent two pulse signals of real-time rotate speed data, peak swing is corresponding is (m/N) * 360 °;
Step 1.4: step 1.3 is repeated to all successive pulse signals of real-time rotate speed data, obtains and rotor-support-foundation system real-time rotate speed data peak swing phase angles data one to one
Step 2: numerical evaluation match test curve:
Step 2.1: press fixed step size C delivery state ratio of damping ξ in interval [a, b] scope
nc, by ξ
ncand the K recorded in step 1.2 real-time rotate speed data substitute into theoretical formula
Obtain at modal damping coefficient ξ
ncunder, the phasing degree that each real-time rotate speed data are corresponding
ω in theoretical formula
nrepresent the critical rotary speed of rotor-support-foundation system, ω represents real-time rotate speed;
Step 2.2: adopt objective function
Compute mode ratio of damping ξ
nccorresponding target L
c; Delivery state ratio of damping ξ
ncin interval [a, b] scope, target L
cmodal damping coefficient corresponding to minimal value be the modal damping coefficient of this rotating machinery.
2. the measuring method of a kind of rotating machinery modal damping coefficient according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in step 1.2, the rotating speed of rotor-support-foundation system is drawn high 70% ~ 90% of rotor-support-foundation system critical rotary speed from the even acceleration of 0rpm.
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| CN105067105B (en) * | 2015-05-04 | 2018-04-17 | 西安交通大学 | Utilize the kinetic parameter identification method of rotating machinery start and stop car transient signal feature |
| CN107238480B (en) * | 2017-06-20 | 2019-02-12 | 西北工业大学 | Milling process based on operational modal analysis damps scaling method |
| CN108918065B (en) * | 2018-06-19 | 2019-08-23 | 东北大学 | A kind of experimental provision and test method of drum barrel-wheel disc bolt fastening structure |
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| CN101915601A (en) * | 2010-07-22 | 2010-12-15 | 北京四方继保自动化股份有限公司 | Method for solving modal damping of shaft system of 1,000MW steam turbo generator set |
| CN101949753A (en) * | 2010-09-16 | 2011-01-19 | 西北工业大学 | High-speed flexible rotor dynamic balance method |
| CN102117374A (en) * | 2009-12-30 | 2011-07-06 | 北京四方继保自动化股份有限公司 | Method for calculating torsional oscillation modal damping of shaft system of generator set based on disturbance signal |
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Patent Citations (3)
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| CN102117374A (en) * | 2009-12-30 | 2011-07-06 | 北京四方继保自动化股份有限公司 | Method for calculating torsional oscillation modal damping of shaft system of generator set based on disturbance signal |
| CN101915601A (en) * | 2010-07-22 | 2010-12-15 | 北京四方继保自动化股份有限公司 | Method for solving modal damping of shaft system of 1,000MW steam turbo generator set |
| CN101949753A (en) * | 2010-09-16 | 2011-01-19 | 西北工业大学 | High-speed flexible rotor dynamic balance method |
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| Torsional Damping of a back-to-back gearbox rig: Experimental measurements and frequency domain modelling;S J Drew, etc;《Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers,Part K: Journal of Multi-body Dynamics》;20021231;第216卷(第2期);第157-168页 * |
| 利用信号相位匹配原理的正弦信号参数估计;孙轶源等;《自然科学进展》;20011130;第11卷(第11期);第1216-1220页 * |
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