CN106019259A - Laser frequency discriminating device and frequency discrimination method based on Mach-Zehnder interferometer - Google Patents
Laser frequency discriminating device and frequency discrimination method based on Mach-Zehnder interferometer Download PDFInfo
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- CN106019259A CN106019259A CN201610538829.6A CN201610538829A CN106019259A CN 106019259 A CN106019259 A CN 106019259A CN 201610538829 A CN201610538829 A CN 201610538829A CN 106019259 A CN106019259 A CN 106019259A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
- G01S7/48—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S17/00
- G01S7/483—Details of pulse systems
- G01S7/486—Receivers
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S17/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves, e.g. lidar systems
- G01S17/88—Lidar systems specially adapted for specific applications
- G01S17/95—Lidar systems specially adapted for specific applications for meteorological use
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
- G01S7/48—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S17/00
- G01S7/481—Constructional features, e.g. arrangements of optical elements
- G01S7/4816—Constructional features, e.g. arrangements of optical elements of receivers alone
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A90/00—Technologies having an indirect contribution to adaptation to climate change
- Y02A90/10—Information and communication technologies [ICT] supporting adaptation to climate change, e.g. for weather forecasting or climate simulation
Abstract
The invention discloses a laser frequency discriminating device and frequency discrimination method based on Mach-Zehnder interferometer. The device comprises three reflectors, four special prisms of different shapes and sizes, a quarter of a wave plate, a triangular prism, a one dimensional piezoelectric displacement table, two Wollaston polarizers, two converging lenses, and four unit detectors. It is possible to divide single longitudinal mode or multi-longitudinal-mode parallel laser beams which are slightly different in frequency and are formed by two successive impingements into four beams of emitted light which vary from each other due to the different frequencies of the incident light. After that, the four unit detectors detect the energy of emitted light from each beam. And the frequency difference between two times of the incident light can be inverted when the energy of four channels corresponding to the two times of incident light is found out. With a compact structure, fine path difference, the optical path difference of the device can be coarsely or finely scanned for high probing precision. It can be used for multi-longitudinal-mode laser impingement and has low requirements on detectors. It is particularly suitable for various vehicle-mounted or machine mounted Doppler radar frequency discrimination systems based on mobile platforms.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of laser frequency identification systems, be specifically related to a kind of laser based on Mach-Zehnder interferometer mirror
Frequently device and frequency discrimination method.
Background technology
Doppler lidar is often used to measure wind speed or the translational speed of hard goal, in atmospheric physics, meteorological distant
All being widely used in sense, military weapon, the Doppler frequency shift device being wherein used for measuring light is essential in these application
Core.Detection method used by current worldwide Doppler lidar substantially divides two kinds, coherent detection and
Non-coherent detection.Direct detection is also in non-coherent detection, and direct detection is divided into again edge sense technology and fringe technique two
Kind, the frequency displacement of the laser that Edge check utilization narrow band pass filter qualification wind speed or moving target cause, striped imaging uses F-P to do
The interference fringe of interferometer, Fizeau interferometer, Michelson interferometer or Mach-Zehnder (Mach Zeng De) interferometer and frequency
The corresponding relation of rate is identified the difference on the frequency launched between light and reception echo thus is finally inversed by the mobile speed of wind speed or moving target
Degree, both technology can normally work and respectively have superiority under common operating mode, but once system are placed on mobile platform
On the most vehicle-mounted the most spaceborne, both technology the most all face the most complicated and huge, and structure is not sufficiently stable, it is desirable to tested light is
Single longitudinal mode laser, the problem such as some requirement on devices constant temperature.The present invention devises a kind of to laser just for this situation
Device precision frequency stabilization requires the lowest, insensitive to variations in temperature, it is not required that LASER Light Source must single longitudinal mode incident, the most each parts
Fixed laser frequency discrimination device is with regard to sufficiently stable a kind of based on Mach-Zehnder interferometer laser frequency discrimination device.Here Mach was once
Deccan interferometer the Mach-Zehnder interferometer of non-striped imaging type, but the Mach Zeng Degan of the non-striped imaging of a kind of four-way
Interferometer, it is used for anemometry laser radar based on Zhao YanLiu and Takao Kobayashi bis-people in the one that nineteen ninety-five proposes
The device of middle detection frequency displacement, is the improvement to original device, compares original device, and more compact structure makes airborne this laser the most spaceborne
Frequency discrimination device is possibly realized, optical path difference is adjustable and be beneficial to debug, data acquisition and inverting laser frequency, it is possible to receive many longitudinal modes and enter
Penetrate laser and expand the range of application of laser frequency discrimination device.Owing to this laser frequency discrimination device and frequency discrimination method do not utilize striped
Imaging technique, can classify as a kind of edge sense technology.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of laser radar frequency discrimination device that can detect frequency displacement and frequency discrimination method so that many
The detection of general Le laser radar Wind measurement, hard goal translational speed has one can accept many longitudinal modes incident laser, by temperature shadow
Ring little, to laser instrument precision frequency stabilization low the most stable, reliable, the compact frequency discrimination device of requirement.
In order to achieve the above object, the laser frequency discrimination device in the present invention by the first reflecting mirror 1, the second reflecting mirror 4, the 3rd
Reflecting mirror 7, the first special prism 2, the second special prism 3, the 3rd special prism 8, the 4th special prism 9, triangular prism 6, one
Dimension piezoelectric position moving stage 5, quarter-wave plate 10, the first Wollaston polariser 11, the second Wollaston polariser 12, the first meeting
Poly-lens 13, the second collecting lens 14, first module detector 15, second unit detector 16, the 3rd single-element detector 17, the
Four single-element detectors 18 collectively constitute.
Described first reflecting mirror the 1, second reflecting mirror the 4, the 3rd reflecting mirror 7, triangular prism 6, quarter-wave plate 10
Highly less than minimum altitude in first special prism the 2, second special prism the 3, the 3rd special prism 9 of special prism the 8, the 4th
Half.
Equipped with in order to accurately to control and the one-dimensional piezoelectricity of scanning laser frequency discrimination device optical path difference below described triangular prism 6
Displacement platform 5.
The reference laser of parallel incidence or tested laser beam are anti-through the first reflecting mirror 1 of placement at 45 ° with incident light axis
Penetrate rear vertical incidence and enter the first special prism 2, the first special prism 2 adjacent second special prism 3 and partly plated
On face with semi-transparent semi-reflecting film, the light beam containing reference laser or tested laser 50% light energy goes directly 1/4th through this face
Wave plate 10 also passes through quarter-wave plate 10, and the light additionally containing reference laser or tested laser 50% light energy reflects at this
Return the first special prism 2 internal, and again reflected, instead in another face parallel with the face being partly plated with semi-transparent semi-reflecting film
Penetrate light again through the first special prism 2 and the second special prism 3, arrive the reflecting mirror 4 quilt placed with optical axis angle at 45 ° herein
Reflex to triangular prism 6, after triangular prism 6 experiences twice internal reflection, shine the 3rd with optical axis placement at 45 ° herein
Reflecting mirror 7, the light reflected by the 3rd reflecting mirror 7 meets with and passes through the 3rd special prism 8 and arrives the 4th special prism 9, at this moment from
The light beam containing 50% reference laser or tested laser energy of quarter-wave plate 10 outgoing with from the 3rd special prism outgoing
The same light beam containing 50% reference laser or tested laser energy be parallel to each other, they impinge perpendicularly on special prism 9, quilt
4th special prism 9 lifting certain altitude tailing edge incident light axis outgoing, exit direction is contrary with incident direction, the two-beam of outgoing
Position higher than quarter-wave plate the 10, first reflecting mirror the 1, second reflecting mirror 4 and the maximum height of the 3rd reflecting mirror 7 less than the
The maximum height of three special prism 8, second special prism the 3, first special prisms 2, therefore two-beam is after the outgoing of special prism 9
The most a branch of the top by quarter-wave plate 10 directly arriving the second special prism 3, another bundle is by special for experience the 3rd
Prism 8 arrives the second special prism 3；The light beam of the second special prism 3 is incided through second above quarter-wave plate 10
By light splitting again behind the face of semi-transparent semi-reflecting film of partly having been plated of arrival the first special prism 2 after special prism 3, containing with reference to swashing
This face of the light transmission of the energy of light or tested laser 25% also experiences the first special prism 2 and arrives the second Wollaston polariser again
12, it is divided into the different directional light containing different polarization component of two beam-emergence directions by the second Wollaston polariser 12, one
Another restraints obliquely bundle obliquely, and 2 points that two directional lights are focused onto on its focal plane through the second collecting lens 14 are above
The second unit detector 16 of lower alignment and the 4th single-element detector 18 receive the light spot energy on focal plane；At the first special edge
The part of mirror 2 is coated with on the face of semi-transparent semi-reflecting film, the light containing reference light or the energy of tested light 25% from this face reflect after, warp
Going through the second special prism 3, another face reflection parallel by its face adjacent with the first special prism 2 again experience second are special
Different prism 3, before shining the first Wollaston polariser 11, is divided into containing of the two oblique outgoing of bundle by the first Wollaston polariser 11
Having the directional light of different polarization component, this two-beam is assembled the focal plane arriving the first collecting lens 13 by the first collecting lens 13
On, hot spot falls on the first module detector 15 and the 3rd single-element detector 17 of consistency from top to bottom placement；Experience the 3rd special edge
Mirror 8 arrives the light beam of the second special prism 3 and passes the second special prism 3, engaging with two special prisms of the first special prism 2
At the another side that face is parallel, the part of reflection once arrival the first special prism 2 is coated with on the face of semi-transparent semi-reflecting film, on this face
It is special that this face of light transmission containing reference laser or tested laser 25% light energy arrives second parallel with two prisms composition surface
The one side of prism 3 is also reflected, and the reflection special prism of beam exit second 3 arrives the first Wollaston polariser 11, and it also can
It is divided into oblique outgoing collimated light beam that two bundle direction differences contain different polarization light component and is focused on by the first collecting lens 13
On the first module detector 15 of its focal plane and the 3rd single-element detector 17；Part at the first special prism 2 is coated with semi-transparent
The light containing reference laser or tested laser 25% light energy is also had to be reflected and the special prism of outgoing first 2 at the face of half anti-film
Arrive the second Wollaston polariser 12, by the second Wollaston polariser 12 be divided into two bundle directions different containing different polarization
The oblique outgoing directional light of component, this two bundles directional light arrives separately at the second unit on its focal plane through the second collecting lens 14 again
On detector 16 and the 4th single-element detector 18.
In described a kind of based on Mach-Zehnder interferometer laser frequency discrimination device, equipped with one-dimensional pressure below triangular prism 6
Current potential moving stage 5, in order to accurately to control or optical path difference L of scanning laser frequency discrimination device, this optical path difference is for entering triangular prism 6 and two
The secondary a branch of directional light passing through the 3rd special prism 8 and the light path between quarter-wave plate 10 a branch of directional light once
Difference, the former light path is the incident containing 50% of reflection at the separating surface of the first special prism 2 and the second special prism 3 joint
The light beam of light energy experiences first special prism 2, second special prism the 3, second reflecting mirror 4, triangular prism the 6, the 3rd reflecting mirror
7, after the 3rd special prism the 8, the 4th special prism 8, second special prism the 3, the first special prism 2 of special prism the 9, the 3rd again
Arriving the light path at aforementioned separating surface, the latter's light path is a branch of containing 50% incident illumination energy of transmission at aforementioned separating surface
Directional light, experience special prism the 9, the second special prism 3 of quarter-wave plate the 10, the 4th arrives again at the light at aforementioned separating surface
Journey, the refractive index of above-mentioned all prism materials to be multiplied by of light path in the prism counts in total optical path.
During single longitudinal mode laser frequency discrimination, first launch the reference single longitudinal mode of a branch of given frequency to described laser frequency discrimination device
Laser beam, is obtained, by four single-element detectors, the magnitude of voltage that four light intensity are corresponding, then launches to described laser frequency discrimination device
A branch of with reference light frequency phase-difference less than a laser frequency discrimination device Free Spectral RangeTested single longitudinal mode swash
Light beam, the light velocity during wherein c is vacuum, L is laser frequency discrimination device optical path difference, four single-element detectors obtain four light intensity pair
The magnitude of voltage answered.During four reference light light-intensity test, scan reference light frequency, these four reference light light intensity magnitude of voltage meetings
Forming four four sine curves being separated by pi/2 phase, the reference light obtained according to four detectors is corresponding with tested light
8 magnitudes of voltage relative position relation in four sine curves, optical frequency rate variance between the two can be extrapolated, and then obtain
The frequency of tested light.During multilongitudianl-mode laser frequency discrimination, when incident reference laser and tested laser are multilongitudianl-mode lasers, if these are many
The Free Spectral Range FSR of longitudinal mode laserlaserFSR with this laser frequency discrimination devicesysIdentical, the most still can examine with this device
Survey the frequency displacement of multilongitudianl-mode laser.If the Free Spectral Range of this multilongitudianl-mode laser and the FSR of this laser frequency discrimination devicesysDifference, then
The optical path difference of laser frequency discrimination device can be changed by regulation piezoelectric position moving stage, so that FSRsysBecome and FSRlaserIt is identical,
The most still this laser frequency discrimination device frequency discrimination can be used.
The first described special prism 2 is a straight pentagonal prism, and on it, bottom surface is a pentagon, and two of which has light
The non-conterminous limit of transmission or reflection is parallel to each other, the side plating total reflection of corresponding pentagonal prism shorter in parallel limit
Film, longer in its portion corresponding with the position that the first reflecting mirror 1 center and quarter-wave plate 10 line of centres intersect
Side is divided to plate semi-transparent semi-reflecting film, this side remainder plating anti-reflection film, the side plating anti-reflection film of the laser light incident of pentagonal prism.
The second described special prism 3 is straight six prisms, and on it, bottom surface is a hexagon, wherein special with first
Limit and the opposite side on this limit that the adjacent face of different prism 2 is corresponding are parallel relation, and the face plating adjacent with the first special prism 2 is anti-reflection
Film, its opposite side plating total reflection film；Anti-reflection films, and the two side are plated in incident and the special prism of outgoing second 3 two sides of light
Also being parallel relation, the parallel face of the two is vertical with the direction of the light of incident or outgoing self.
Described a kind of based on Mach-Zehnder interferometer laser frequency discrimination device, the 3rd wherein said special prism 8 is
One cuboid, its two side plating anti-reflection films intersected with optical axis, and 8, the 3rd special prism is for increasing laser frequency discrimination device
Optical path difference and exist, if laser frequency discrimination device need not the biggest optical path difference, the 3rd special prism 8 can be removed.
The 4th described special prism 9 is a straight pentagonal prism, the shape of the upper bottom surface of this prism and pentagonal prism and
The bottom shape up and down of the solid of triangular prism splicing is identical, and the side plating anti-reflection film of outgoing incident at light, other side is plated
Total reflection film；4th special prism 9 can be by two right-angle side corresponding side surface plating total reflection films, hypotenuse correspondence in a upper bottom surface
The triangular prism of side plating anti-reflection film is replaced.
The first described Wollaston polariser 11 and the optical axis of the second Wollaston polariser 12 are all parallel or perpendicular to
The quick shaft direction of quarter-wave plate 10, can replace the two polariser with other polarization beam splitter, as long as changing accordingly
The each collecting lens of rear end, position of single-element detector.
Three sides of described triangular prism 6 need coating film treatment, and the side plating that on it, in bottom surface, right-angle side is corresponding is complete
Reflectance coating, the side plating anti-reflection film that hypotenuse is corresponding.
Equipped with in order to accurately to control and the one-dimensional piezoelectricity of scanning laser frequency discrimination device optical path difference below described triangular prism 6
Displacement platform 5, its direction of motion is consistent with the beam direction inciding one-dimensional piezoelectric position moving stage 5, and scanning system optical path difference can be used
Drawing the collection of illustrative plates that the light intensity optical path difference on described four single-element detector changes, control system optical path difference is then in order to full
The demand of the regulation optical path difference in some application-specific of foot, such as can be used to searching system highest signal to noise ratio operating point.
Described first reflecting mirror the 1, second reflecting mirror the 4, the 3rd reflecting mirror 7, triangular prism 6, quarter-wave plate 10
Highly less than minimum altitude in first special prism the 2, second special prism the 3, the 3rd special prism 9 of special prism the 8, the 4th
Half.
Described a kind of based on Mach-Zehnder interferometer laser frequency discrimination device can use other polarization beam splitting device generations
For Wollaston polariser by the horizontal polarization light component of incident light therein and vertical polarization light component separate detection.
The 3rd described special prism 8 is only and increases laser frequency discrimination device optical path difference and exist, and is not required to as in application-specific
Will bigger optical path difference, this prism can be removed.
The frequency discrimination method step of laser frequency discrimination device is as follows:
First incident a branch of reference laser light beam is to described laser frequency discrimination device, records correspondence on four single-element detectors
Magnitude of voltage I15、I16、I17、I18, then stop incident reference laser beam and re-shoot a branch of with reference light frequency phase-difference less than one
Individual laser frequency discrimination device Free Spectral Range FSRsysTested laser beam to described laser frequency discrimination device, again record four
Magnitude of voltage I corresponding on individual single-element detector15’、I16’、I17’、I18', calculate reference laser according to following cotangent incident
Time optical path difference L, wherein c is the light velocity in a vacuum, and υ is incident light frequency:
Try to achieve after L again using L as it is known that by I15’、I16’、I17’、I18' substitute into I in above formula15、I16、I17、I18Corresponding positions
Put, try to achieve tested laser frequency υ, thus obtain the difference on the frequency of two kinds of laser；Formula (1) is fast at quarter-wave plate above
The formula solving laser frequency being suitable for when axle is parallel with the direction of Wollaston prism optical axis, when the fast axle of quarter-wave plate
Time vertical with the direction of Wollaston prism optical axis, use equation below (2) calculating laser frequency:
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is apparatus of the present invention pie graphs, and label in figure: 1-the first reflecting mirror, the special prism of 2-first, 3-second are special
Prism, 4-the second reflecting mirror, 5-one-dimensional piezoelectric position moving stage, 6-triangular prism, 7-the second reflecting mirror, the special prism of 8-the 3rd, 9-
4th special prism, 10-quarter-wave plate, 11-the first Wollaston polariser, 12-the second Wollaston polariser, 13-
First collecting lens, 14-the second collecting lens, 15-first module detector, 16-the second photodetector, 17-the 3rd photoelectricity
Detector, 18-the 4th photodetector.
Fig. 2 is the laser frequency discrimination device three-dimensional removing one-dimensional piezoelectric position moving stage, two collecting lenses, four single-element detectors
View.
Fig. 3 is to overlook incident beam part light path before this device bottom incides the 4th special prism 9 under visual angle to show
It is intended to.
Fig. 4 is light beam light path schematic diagram of quilt " lifting " in the 4th special prism 9 under horizontal view angle.
Fig. 5 is to overlook to arrive before two Wollaston polarisers 11,12 from the light beam of the 4th special prism 9 outgoing under visual angle
Part light path schematic diagram.
Fig. 6 is triangular prism 6 and the position relationship 3-D view of one-dimensional piezoelectric position moving stage 5.
Fig. 7 looks squarely the corresponding collecting lens of each Wollaston polariser and its rear end, two detectors under visual angle
Position relationship schematic diagram.
Fig. 8 is the graph of a relation not considering to receive on lower four detectors of various error the change of light intensity incident light frequency.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the example overlooking a kind of based on Mach-Zehnder interferometer laser frequency discrimination device described under visual angle.Fig. 2 is
Except collecting lens 13,14, single-element detector 15,16,17,18, the space three-dimensional of all elements outside one-dimensional piezoelectric position moving stage 5 regards
Figure, clearly reflects relative size and the position relationship of main element.With the first reflecting mirror 1 place layer as bottom, bottom is also
Have the second reflecting mirror the 2, the 3rd reflecting mirror 3, triangular prism 6, quarter-wave plate 10, with the first Wollaston polariser 11,
The layer at two Wollaston polariser the 12, first collecting lens the 13, second collecting lens 14 places is top layer, first module detector
15, the position that second unit detector 16 is higher in top layer, the 3rd single-element detector the 17, the 4th single-element detector 18 is at top layer
In relatively low position.When top view is observed, first module detector 15 and the 3rd single-element detector 17 position overlap, second unit
Detector 16 and the 4th single-element detector 18 position overlap；First special prism the 2, second special prism 8 of special prism the 3, the 3rd,
The height of the 4th special prism 9 covers bottom and top layer, i.e. their height are about reflecting mirror 1,2,3, triangular prism 6, four points
One of the twice of wave plate 10.
A branch of reference laser or tested laser at 45 ° of incidence first reflecting mirrors 1 of bottom, direction of advance by Fig. 1 upwards
Direction changes right direction, the special prism of vertical incidence first 2, the bottom in the first special prism 2 and the second special prism 3 into
Transmission as shown in Figure 3, the side of two prisms all makes incident illumination be split at separating surface (specifically quilt through coating film treatment
Composition surface is plated with a part of light splitting of semi-transparent semi-reflecting film on the first special prism 2), containing reference laser or tested laser
The light transmission composition surface of 50% light energy and the second special prism 3, additionally contain reference laser or tested laser 50% light energy
This composition surface of luminous reflectance of light energy and reflected in another side of the first special prism 2, then through the first special edge
Mirror 2 and the second special prism 3.Hereafter from the second special prism 3 outgoing containing initial incident reference laser or tested laser
The two-beam of 50% energy advances to the right bottom is parallel, and wherein light beam goes directly fast axle in system level direction (in top view
Vertical direction) quarter-wave plate 10, the polarized component on the slow-axis direction of this light beam obtainsPhase delay, pass through
Quarter-wave plate 10 arrives the 4th special prism 9；Light beam is made to advance to the right by 45 ° with optical axis herein tilting second anti-
Penetrating mirror 4 and reflex to triangular prism 6, the side that on this triangular prism 6, in bottom surface, right-angle side is corresponding is plated by plating total reflection film, hypotenuse
Anti-reflection film, makes it advance downwards upwards incident luminous reflectance, arrives and light direction of advance the 3rd tilting reflecting mirror 7 at 45 °,
By turnover for advance to the right, vertical incidence the 3rd special prism 8 of outgoing cuboid, arrive the 4th special prism 9.Here
All can arrive from the two-beam of the first special prism 2 and the second special prism 3 separating surface transmission and reflection different light path of passing by
The lower floor of the 4th special prism 9, in the 4th special prism 9, light path is as shown in Figure 4 when system level direction is observed for two-beam.
The pentagonal prism that top half is a standard of the 4th special prism, the latter half is a triangular prism, and they combinations exist
The angle of each side of the 4th special prism 9 formed together makes the light at bottom glancing incidence can go out in top layer level
Penetrate.In system top view Fig. 1, from the two-beam of the 4th special prism 9 outgoing to the left, above a branch of direct arrival second special
Prism 3, below a branch of arrive the second special prism 3 through the 3rd special prism 8, two-beam is the first special prism 2 He afterwards
Light path in second special prism 3 is as it is shown in figure 5, both of which is split at the composition surface of two prisms again, finally from digonous
Mirror outgoing four bundle light, but this four bundles light overlaps two-by-two, remains two-beam in spatial distribution.This two-beam warp the most again
Cross the first Wollaston polariser 11 and the second Wollaston polariser 12, the most respective P-polarization component and S-polarization component quilt
It is single that first collecting lens the 13, second collecting lens 14 converges to first module detector the 15, the 3rd single-element detector 17 and second
Unit's detector the 16, the 4th single-element detector 18, as shown in Figure 7.
So far, for the first time at the first special prism 2 and the second special prism 3 after a branch of tested laser or reference laser incidence
Composition surface at light splitting, (space of again meeting at the composition surface of aforementioned two prisms after the transmission in the different path of two-beam experience
On meeting and), the difference of light path that this two-beam is passed by (comprising in air and in prism material) is optical path difference L of system.
Described a kind of based on Mach-Zehnder interferometer laser frequency discrimination device, it is characterised in that: described first is special
Prism 2 is a straight pentagonal prism, and on it, bottom surface is a pentagon, and two of which has the non-conterminous limit of light transmission or reflection
Parallel to each other, the side plating total reflection film of corresponding pentagonal prism shorter in parallel limit, in longer one side, it is with the
Surface corresponding to position that one reflecting mirror 1 center and quarter-wave plate 10 line of centres intersect plates semi-transparent semi-reflecting film, this
Side remainder plating anti-reflection film, the side plating anti-reflection film of the laser light incident of pentagonal prism.
Described a kind of based on Mach-Zehnder interferometer laser frequency discrimination device, it is characterised in that: described second is special
Prism 3 is straight six prisms, and on it, bottom surface is a hexagon, and wherein adjacent with the first special prism 2 face is corresponding
The opposite side on limit and this limit is parallel relation, the face plating anti-reflection film adjacent with the first special prism 2, its opposite side plating total reflection film；Light
Anti-reflection films are plated in incident and the special prism of outgoing second 3 two sides, and the two side is also parallel relation, and the two is parallel
Face vertical with the direction of the light of incident or outgoing self.
Described a kind of based on Mach-Zehnder interferometer laser frequency discrimination device, it is characterised in that: described the 3rd is special
Prism 8 is a cuboid, its two side plating anti-reflection films intersected with optical axis, and 8, the 3rd special prism is for increasing laser
The optical path difference of frequency discrimination device and exist, if laser frequency discrimination device need not the biggest optical path difference, the 3rd special edge can be removed
Mirror 8.
Described a kind of based on Mach-Zehnder interferometer laser frequency discrimination device, it is characterised in that: described the 4th is special
Prism 9 is a straight pentagonal prism, the shape of the upper bottom surface of this prism and pentagonal prism and triangular prism splicing three-dimensional upper
Bottom surface shape is identical, and the side plating anti-reflection film of outgoing, other side plating total reflection film incident at light；4th special prism 9
Can be by two right-angle side corresponding side surface plating total reflection films, the triangular prism of hypotenuse corresponding side surface plating anti-reflection film in a upper bottom surface
Replace.
Described a kind of based on Mach-Zehnder interferometer laser frequency discrimination device, it is characterised in that: the first described Walla
The optical axis of this polariser 11 and the second Wollaston polariser 12 is all parallel or perpendicular to the fast axle side of quarter-wave plate 10
To, the two polariser can be replaced with other polarization beam splitter, as long as changing the collecting lens of respective rear end, unit accordingly
The position of detector.
Described a kind of based on Mach-Zehnder interferometer laser frequency discrimination device, it is characterised in that: described triangular prism 6
Three sides need coating film treatment, the side plating total reflection film that on it, in bottom surface, right-angle side is corresponding, hypotenuse corresponding side plating
Anti-reflection film.
Described a kind of based on Mach-Zehnder interferometer laser frequency discrimination device, it is characterised in that: described triangular prism 6
Lower section equipped with in order to accurately to control and the one-dimensional piezoelectric position moving stage 5 of scanning laser frequency discrimination device optical path difference, its direction of motion with enter
The beam direction being mapped to one-dimensional piezoelectric position moving stage 5 is consistent, and scanning system optical path difference can be used to draw described four unit and visits
Surveying the collection of illustrative plates that the light intensity optical path difference on device changes, control system optical path difference is then to meet the regulation in some application-specific
The demand of optical path difference, such as can be used to searching system highest signal to noise ratio operating point.
Described a kind of based on Mach-Zehnder interferometer laser frequency discrimination device can use other polarization beam splitting device generations
For Wollaston polariser by the horizontal polarization light component of incident light therein and vertical polarization light component separate detection.
Described a kind of based on Mach-Zehnder interferometer laser frequency discrimination device, the 3rd special prism 8 therein is only and increases
Add laser frequency discrimination device optical path difference and exist, as application-specific need not bigger optical path difference, this prism can be removed.
In Figure 5 by the light on the incident first special prism 2 in right side and the composition surface of the second special prism 3 due to through digonous
The air gap the thinnest between mirror, reflection light therein has really been plated semi-transparent semi-reflecting medium by a part for the first special prism
The face reflection of film, this is an external reflectance, and reflection light has the phase loss of π, adds quarter-wave plate 10 to wave plate slow axis
The light component in direction introducesPhase loss, the Phase delay that both is added finally makes to detect on four single-element detectors
Light intensity signal can represent with following formula:
Wherein I0For incident light beam light intensity,λ is lambda1-wavelength, and L is the optical path difference of system, and c is true
The aerial light velocity.Schematic diagram such as Fig. 8 (order of four signals and the quarter-wave plate that these four strength signals change with Δ
Quick shaft direction is relevant with Wollaston polariser optical axis direction, and two kinds of axles are parallel to each other here) shown in.Periodic intensity in figure
Signal about the cycle of frequency isThis is also the Free Spectral Range FSR of systemsys.The difference on the frequency difference of successively twice incidence
Less than a FSRsysFour strength signals detecting through this device of the light of different frequency be different, according to intensity with
The corresponding relation of frequency, can be finally inversed by the difference on the frequency of the light of twice incidence, and can be finally inversed by laser radar according to difference on the frequency
The wind speed of detection, the translational speed etc. of hard goal.Inversion method can use loop up table, it is also possible to in more existing documents
The mathematical method proposed, even:
Then have
Such that it is able to obtain the mapping relations one by one of the signal that lambda1-wavelength (frequency) detects with four detectors, will
The signal (signal of telecommunication represents light intensity signal) that on four passages that reference laser is corresponding, detector detects substitutes into (9) formula and obtains light
Path difference L, then the L of signal that detector on four corresponding for tested laser passages is detected and calculating to substitute into (9) formula the most permissible
Obtain the wavelength (frequency) of tested laser.Formula (9) is consistent with formula (1) above, is at the fast axle of quarter-wave plate and fertile
Lars pause the direction of prism optical axis parallel time the formula solving laser frequency that is suitable for, when fast axle and the Walla of quarter-wave plate
When the direction of this prism optical axis is vertical, formula (2) is used to calculate laser frequency.
In reality, any laser has broadening, the signal intensity that at this moment detector detects be incident illumination spectrum widening and
Ii, i=15, the convolution of 16,17,18, this can affect the detection accuracy of native system, and spectrum widening is the least, and detection accuracy is the highest.
Detecting for wind speed, the signal that this device detector detects is spectrum and each passage theory light intensity of incident illumination
Transmitance Ii/I0, i=15, the convolution of 16,17,18.Successively twice incident illumination be the laser instrument laser that do not shines in air and
The atmospheric echo that telescope receives, and incident illumination is if atmospheric scattering echo, then it is through Rayleigh scattering and the exhibition of Mie scattering
Width, this can affect contrast (the i.e. I of the light intensity detected15、I16、I17、I18Relative intensity), owing to the broadening of Rayleigh scattering is remote
Bigger than the broadening of Mie scattering, it is a constant after it and each passage light intensity transmitance convolution, brings a phase to each channel signal
Same direct current biasing, the relative intensity of the light intensity signal that the most each channel detector obtains is only relevant to Mie scattering, the most originally
Merely with air Mie scattering optical signal during device detection laser frequency displacement.
One-dimensional piezoelectric position moving stage is placed as shown in Figure 6, the direction of vibration of this piezoelectric position moving stage and triangle below triangular prism 6
Prism incidence light direction is identical, and its corner is screwed, and screw is " u "-shaped, and this allows the optical path difference of user coarse tuning system.
There is control cable bottom piezoelectric position moving stage, connect its control circuit.The introducing of piezoelectric position moving stage can make this device possess light path
Difference controls and the ability of scanning, and this can more easily obtain the intensity spectrum on four single-element detectors, be finally inversed by difference on the frequency, also
Contribute to finding the highest signal to noise ratio operating point of system.
Under the conditions of multilongitudianl-mode laser incidence, as long as regulating the position of piezoelectric position moving stage thus regulating system optical path difference L, make
This device Free Spectral Range FSRsysFree Spectral Range FSR with incident multilongitudianl-mode laserlaserIdentical, it becomes possible to allow institute
There are overlapping (and adjacent longitudinal mode intensity spectrum " level time " difference 1) such as the intensity spectrum in Fig. 8 of longitudinal mode light, the conjunction intensity of the most each longitudinal mode
Spectrum still with the intensity spectrum spectral line homomorphosis of single longitudinal mode, do not affect our inverting difference on the frequency.
Claims (8)
1. a laser frequency discrimination device based on Mach-Zehnder interferometer, including the first reflecting mirror (1), the second reflecting mirror (4),
Three reflecting mirrors (7), the first special prism (2), the second special prism (3), the 3rd special prism (8), the 4th special prism (9),
Triangular prism (6), one-dimensional piezoelectric position moving stage (5), quarter-wave plate (10), the first Wollaston polariser (11), second irrigates
Pause polariser (12) in Lars, the first collecting lens (13), the second collecting lens (14), first module detector (15), and second is single
Unit's detector (16), the 3rd single-element detector (17) and the 4th single-element detector (18)；It is characterized in that:
Described the first reflecting mirror (1), the second reflecting mirror (4), the 3rd reflecting mirror (7), triangular prism (6), quarter-wave plate
(10) height is less than the first special prism (2), the second special prism (3), the 3rd special prism (8), the 4th special prism
(9) half of minimum altitude in；
Described triangular prism (6) lower section is equipped with in order to accurately to control and the one-dimensional piezoelectric position of scanning laser frequency discrimination device optical path difference
Moving stage (5)；
The reference laser of parallel incidence or tested laser beam reflect through first reflecting mirror (1) of placement at 45 ° with incident light axis
Rear vertical incidence enters the first special prism (2), the first special prism (2) adjacent second special prism (3) and by portion
Dividing and be plated with on the face of semi-transparent semi-reflecting film, the light beam containing reference laser or tested laser 50% light energy goes directly four points through this face
One of wave plate (10) through quarter-wave plate (10), and additionally contain reference laser or the light of tested laser 50% light energy
The first special prism (2) it is reflected back internal at this, and in another face parallel with the face being partly plated with semi-transparent semi-reflecting film again
Secondary being reflected, reflection light, again through the first special prism (2) and the second special prism (3), arrives angle at 45 ° with optical axis herein and puts
The reflecting mirror (4) put also is reflected to triangular prism (6), shines and this in triangular prism (6) after twice internal reflection of experience
3rd reflecting mirror (7) of place's optical axis placement at 45 °, the light reflected by the 3rd reflecting mirror (7) meets with and passes through the 3rd special prism
(8) arrive the 4th special prism (9), at this moment from quarter-wave plate (10) outgoing containing 50% reference laser or tested laser
The light beam that the light beam of energy contains 50% reference laser or tested laser energy as from the 3rd special prism outgoing is mutual
Parallel, they impinge perpendicularly on special prism (9), by the 4th special prism (9) lifting certain altitude tailing edge incident light axis outgoing,
Exit direction is contrary with incident direction, the two-beam position of outgoing higher than quarter-wave plate (10), the first reflecting mirror (1), the
Two-mirror (4) and the maximum height of the 3rd reflecting mirror (7) and less than the 3rd special prism (8), the second special prism (3), the
The maximum height of one special prism (2), therefore two-beam is the most a branch of after special prism (9) outgoing will pass through quarter-wave
The top of sheet (10) directly arrives the second special prism (3), and experience the 3rd special prism (8) is arrived the second special edge by another bundle
Mirror (3)；The light beam of the second special prism (3) is incided through after the second special prism (3) from quarter-wave plate (10) top
Arrive behind the face of semi-transparent semi-reflecting film of partly having been plated of the first special prism (2) by light splitting again, containing reference laser or tested
This face of the light transmission of the energy of laser 25% also experiences the first special prism (2) and arrives the second Wollaston polariser (12) again,
It is divided into the different directional light containing different polarization component of two beam-emergence directions by the second Wollaston polariser (12), a branch of
Another bundle is obliquely obliquely, and 2 points that two directional lights are focused onto on its focal plane through the second collecting lens (14) are above
The second unit detector (16) of lower alignment and the 4th single-element detector (18) receive the light spot energy on focal plane；Special first
The part of different prism (2) is coated with on the face of semi-transparent semi-reflecting film, and the light containing reference light or the energy of tested light 25% is anti-from this face
After penetrating, experience the second special prism (3), reflected by parallel another face, its face adjacent with the first special prism (2) and again
The special prism of secondary experience second (3), shines the first Wollaston polariser (11) front, by the first Wollaston polariser (11)
Being divided into the directional light containing different polarization component of the two oblique outgoing of bundle, this two-beam is assembled arrival the by the first collecting lens (13)
On the focal plane of one collecting lens (13), hot spot fall consistency from top to bottom place first module detector (15) and Unit the 3rd spy
Survey on device (17)；The light beam experiencing the 3rd special prism (8) arrival the second special prism (3) passes the second special prism (3),
At the another side parallel with two special prism composition surfaces of the first special prism (2), reflection once arrives the first special prism (2)
Part be coated with on the face of semi-transparent semi-reflecting film, containing reference laser or the light transmission of tested laser 25% light energy on this face
This face arrives the one side of the second special prism (3) parallel with two prisms composition surface and is reflected, and reflection beam exit second is special
Different prism (3) arrives the first Wollaston polariser (11), and it also can be divided into two bundle direction differences and contain different polarization light and divide
The oblique outgoing collimated light beam of amount is also focused on the first module detector (15) and the of its focal plane by the first collecting lens (13)
On three single-element detectors (17)；Part at the first special prism (2) is coated with at the face of semi-transparent semi-reflecting film to be also had containing with reference to swashing
The light of light or tested laser 25% light energy is reflected and the special prism of outgoing first (2) arrives the second Wollaston polariser
(12) the oblique outgoing containing different polarization component, being divided into two bundle directions different by the second Wollaston polariser (12) is parallel
Light, this two bundles directional light arrives separately at the second unit detector (16) on its focal plane and the through the second collecting lens (14) again
On four single-element detectors (18)；
Optical path difference L of laser frequency discrimination device be enter triangular prism (6) and transmit twice the light beam of the 3rd special prism (8) with
Optical path difference between quarter-wave plate (10) light beam once, the former light path is the first special prism (2) and second
At special prism (3) composition surface reflection the light beam containing 50% incident illumination energy experience successively the first special prism (2), second
Special prism (3), the second reflecting mirror (4), triangular prism (6), the 3rd reflecting mirror (7), the 3rd special prism (8), the 4th special
Arrive again at aforementioned composition surface after prism (9), the 3rd special prism (8), the second special prism (3), the first special prism (2)
Light path, the latter's light path is a branch of directional light containing 50% incident illumination energy of transmission at aforementioned separating surface, experiences four points
One of wave plate (10), the 4th special prism (9), the second special prism (3) arrive again at the light path at aforementioned composition surface, above-mentioned institute
The refractive index having the prism material to be multiplied by of light path in the prism counts in total optical path；
During single longitudinal mode laser frequency discrimination, first launch the reference single longitudinal mode laser of a branch of given frequency to described laser frequency discrimination device
Bundle, is obtained, by four single-element detectors, the magnitude of voltage that four light intensity are corresponding；Then launch a branch of to described laser frequency discrimination device
With reference light frequency phase-difference less than a laser frequency discrimination device Free Spectral RangeTested single longitudinal mode laser
Bundle, the light velocity during wherein c is vacuum, four single-element detectors obtain the magnitude of voltage that four light intensity are corresponding；At four reference lighies
During light-intensity test, scanning reference light frequency, these four reference light light intensity magnitudes of voltage can form four and be separated by pi/2 phase
Four sine curves, the reference light obtained according to four detectors 8 magnitudes of voltage corresponding with tested light are sinusoidal bent at four
Relative position relation in line, can extrapolate optical frequency rate variance between the two, and then obtain the frequency of tested light；Multilongitudianl-mode laser
During frequency discrimination, when incident reference laser and tested laser are multilongitudianl-mode lasers, if the Free Spectral Range of this multilongitudianl-mode laser
FSRlaserFSR with this laser frequency discrimination devicesysIdentical, the most still can be with the frequency displacement of this device detection multilongitudianl-mode laser, frequency discrimination
Method is constant, if the Free Spectral Range of this multilongitudianl-mode laser and the FSR of this laser frequency discrimination devicesysDifference, then can be by adjusting
Joint piezoelectric position moving stage changes optical path difference L of laser frequency discrimination device, so that FSRsysBecome and FSRlaserIdentical, the most still
This laser frequency discrimination device frequency discrimination can be used.
A kind of laser frequency discrimination device based on Mach-Zehnder interferometer the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described
The first special prism (2) be a straight pentagonal prism, on it, bottom surface is a pentagon, and two of which has light transmission or reflection
Non-conterminous limit parallel to each other, the side plating total reflection film of corresponding pentagonal prism shorter in parallel limit, longer
The surface that in Yi Bian, it is corresponding with the position that the first reflecting mirror (1) center and quarter-wave plate (10) line of centres intersect
Plate semi-transparent semi-reflecting film, this side remainder plating anti-reflection film, the side plating anti-reflection film of the laser light incident of pentagonal prism.
A kind of laser frequency discrimination device based on Mach-Zehnder interferometer the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described
The second special prism (3) be straight six prisms, on it, bottom surface is a hexagon, wherein with the first special prism (2)
Limit and the opposite side on this limit that adjacent face is corresponding are parallel relation, and the face plating anti-reflection film adjacent with the first special prism (2), it is right
The side plating total reflection film that limit is corresponding；Anti-reflection films, and the two are plated in incident and the special prism of outgoing second (3) two sides of light
Side is also parallel relation, and the parallel face of the two is vertical with the direction of the light of incident or outgoing self.
A kind of laser frequency discrimination device based on Mach-Zehnder interferometer the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described
The 3rd special prism (8) be a cuboid, two sides plating anti-reflection films that it intersects with optical axis, when laser frequency discrimination device not
When needing the biggest optical path difference, the 3rd special prism (8) can be removed.
A kind of laser frequency discrimination device based on Mach-Zehnder interferometer the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described
The 4th special prism (9) be a straight pentagonal prism, the shape of the upper bottom surface of this prism and pentagonal prism and triangular prism are spelled
The bottom shape up and down of the solid connect is identical, and the side plating anti-reflection film of outgoing, other side plating total reflection film incident at light；Or
The special prism of person the 4th (9) is that in a upper bottom surface, two right-angle side corresponding side surface plating total reflection films, the plating of hypotenuse corresponding side surface increase
The triangular prism of permeable membrane.
A kind of laser frequency discrimination device based on Mach-Zehnder interferometer the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described
The first Wollaston polariser (11) and the available polarization beam splitter of the second Wollaston polariser (12) substitute.
A kind of laser frequency discrimination device based on Mach-Zehnder interferometer the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described
Side plating total reflection film corresponding to two right-angle sides of triangular prism (6), the side plating anti-reflection film that hypotenuse is corresponding.
8. laser frequency based on a kind of based on Mach-Zehnder interferometer the laser frequency discrimination device described in claim 1 mirror
Frequency method, it is characterised in that method step is as follows: first incident a branch of reference laser light beam is to described laser frequency discrimination device, record
Magnitude of voltage I corresponding on four single-element detectors15、I16、I17、I18, then stop incident reference laser beam and re-shoot a branch of
With reference light frequency phase-difference less than a laser frequency discrimination device Free Spectral Range FSRsysTested laser beam swash to described
Light frequency discrimination device, again corresponding on four single-element detectors of record magnitude of voltage I15’、I16’、I17’、I18', more than following
Cutting optical path difference L during function calculating reference laser incidence, wherein c is the light velocity in a vacuum, and υ is incident light frequency:
Try to achieve after L again using L as it is known that by I15’、I16’、I17’、I18' substitute into I in above formula15、I16、I17、I18Relevant position, asks
Obtain tested laser frequency υ, thus obtain the difference on the frequency of two kinds of laser；Above formula (1) be quarter-wave plate fast axle and
The formula solving laser frequency being suitable for when the direction of Wollaston prism optical axis is parallel, when the fast axle of quarter-wave plate is with fertile
Lars pause the direction of prism optical axis vertical time, use equation below (2) to calculate laser frequency:
。
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Effective date of registration: 20200624 Address after: 201800 First Floor and First Floor of the Underground of 2398 Luyi Road Comprehensive Laboratory Building, Jiading Industrial Zone, Jiading District, Shanghai Patentee after: SHANGHAI JIWU PHOTOELECTRIC TECHNOLOGY Co.,Ltd. Address before: 200083 No. 500, Yutian Road, Shanghai, Hongkou District Patentee before: Axon Medical Technologies Corp. |