CN106017343B - The method for carrying out flexural measurement using the optical fibre bending sensor with the air gap - Google Patents
The method for carrying out flexural measurement using the optical fibre bending sensor with the air gap Download PDFInfo
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- CN106017343B CN106017343B CN201610395797.9A CN201610395797A CN106017343B CN 106017343 B CN106017343 B CN 106017343B CN 201610395797 A CN201610395797 A CN 201610395797A CN 106017343 B CN106017343 B CN 106017343B
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- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 72
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 48
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 9
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001782 photodegradation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009738 saturating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010183 spectrum analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/16—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring the deformation in a solid, e.g. optical strain gauge
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L1/00—Measuring force or stress, in general
- G01L1/24—Measuring force or stress, in general by measuring variations of optical properties of material when it is stressed, e.g. by photoelastic stress analysis using infrared, visible light, ultraviolet
- G01L1/242—Measuring force or stress, in general by measuring variations of optical properties of material when it is stressed, e.g. by photoelastic stress analysis using infrared, visible light, ultraviolet the material being an optical fibre
- G01L1/243—Measuring force or stress, in general by measuring variations of optical properties of material when it is stressed, e.g. by photoelastic stress analysis using infrared, visible light, ultraviolet the material being an optical fibre using means for applying force perpendicular to the fibre axis
- G01L1/245—Measuring force or stress, in general by measuring variations of optical properties of material when it is stressed, e.g. by photoelastic stress analysis using infrared, visible light, ultraviolet the material being an optical fibre using means for applying force perpendicular to the fibre axis using microbending
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- Length Measuring Devices By Optical Means (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of methods carrying out flexural measurement using the optical fibre bending sensor with the air gap, using single mode step index fiber, including fibre core and covering, the gap of an one fixed width and depth is opened up on the top of optical fiber, constitute the optical fibre bending sensor with the air gap, optical fibre bending sensor with the air gap is pasted onto in measurement structure, open end is outward, when optical fiber follows measurement structure to bend, with the variation of bending angle, it is also changed by the light intensity of this air gap, the bending radius of measurement structure is obtained by the light intensity attenuation of the air gap by measuring.The present invention can directly measure light intensity, not need the equipment such as expensive spectroanalysis instrument, while improving measurement sensitivity.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of methods carrying out flexural measurement using the optical fibre bending sensor with the air gap, belong to and answer
Stress-strain field of measuring technique.
Background technology
The bending of structure is a kind of important parameter.Traditional strain gauge utilizes the relationship between strain and curvature
Structural curvature is extrapolated indirectly, but when structural thickness is relatively thin, strains possible very little, this makes the measurement of strain gauge become to compare
It is difficult.
Fibre optical sensor has high temperature resistant, high sensitivity, fast response time, electromagnetism interference, corrosion-resistant, electrical insulating property
Can good, burn-proof and explosion prevention, small, simple in structure, and the advantages that convenient for forming telemetry network with fibre-optic transmission system (FOTS).Optical fiber
Bragg sensors are one of fibre optical sensor research hotspots in recent years, and the precision for structural bending detection is relatively high, quite
In 10 microstrains, bending radius is can detect in 200m flexural deformations below.When external environment (such as temperature) is affected, additionally
Also need to the equipment such as expensive spectroanalysis instrument.The optical fiber surface of intensity modulation type fibre optical sensor is untreated, only
Using intensity loss of the optical fiber in deep camber macrobend, increased principle is made suddenly, and therefore, sensitivity is very low.
Invention content
The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies of existing technologies, provide a kind of using with the air gap
The method that optical fibre bending sensor carries out flexural measurement increases a air gap on optical fiber, as photo sensitive area, utilizes
Curvature of the light loss with the related Characteristics Detection structure of flexural deformation.
In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provide a kind of optical fibre bending sensor using with the air gap carry out it is curved
The method that song measures, includes the following steps：
1) optical fibre bending sensor with the air gap, including optical fiber are built, the optical fiber uses single mode step index fiber, packet
Fibre core and covering are included, the refractive index of the fibre core is n1, the refractive index of radius a, the covering are n2, radius R, in optical fiber
Top open up a width be d, the gap that depth is H, constitute the optical fibre bending sensor with the air gap.
2) optical fibre bending sensor with the air gap is pasted onto in measurement structure, opens up gap end outward；
3) measurement structure bends, and the bending half of measurement structure is obtained by the light intensity attenuation of the air gap by measuring
Diameter；Relationship between the bending radius and the light intensity attenuation for passing through the air gap is determined as follows：
When 3-1) light enters the air gap from optical fiber, R is generated on the interface on the left of the air gap1Reflection, meter pair
The transmisivity answered is T1：
Wherein, tsFor transmission coefficient, n3For air refraction；
3-2) entering the light of the air gap, some energy enter another optical fiber, and what is had cannot enter the optical fiber of the other side,
The transmisivity that meter can enter the fibre core of another optical fiber is T2：
Wherein, x, y1 indicate that the abscissa and ordinate of eye point of the light on one side end face of the air gap, y2 indicate
The ordinate of incidence point of the light on another side end face in the air gap,WIndicate the bending radius of measurement structure,θIt indicates to measure knot
The bending angle of structure；
Er 2Indicate the distribution of opposite light energy：
Wherein, J0() be zero Bessel function, r be optical fiber in radial distance, U be a nondimensional amount, value by
Following formula determines：
Wherein, J0(·)、J1() is respectively zeroth order, first-order bessel function, K0(·)、K1() is respectively zeroth order, one
Rank Hankel function；V is the normalized frequency of optical fiber, and value is：
λ is operation wavelength；
When 3-3) light enters another optical fiber from the air gap, reflection R is generated on the end face of another optical fiber3, cause
Light intensity loss, it is T to count the part transmisivity3：
T3=(1+cos2α1)T3 x+sin2α1·T3 y (12)
Wherein, α1Indicate entry into the incidence angle of the light on the fiber end face of the other side, T3 xIt indicates parallel with fiber end face
Transmisivity, T3 yIndicate the transmisivity vertical with fiber end face,
α2Indicate entry into the refraction angle of the light on the fiber end face of the other side；
3-4) for single mode step index fiber, the light only along shaft axis of optic fibre transmission can be detected device and obtain, and will transmit light
It is decomposed into along shaft axis of optic fibre propagation component and along optical fiber radial transport component by force, the light intensity that can be finally obtained by detector is edge
Shaft axis of optic fibre propagation component remembers that the part transmisivity is T4：
T4=cos α2 (13)
3-5) the transmissivity T that entire light passes through the air gap is：
T=T1T2T3T4 (14)
Then light intensity attenuation p is：P=10log10(1-T)。
Meet following limitation between the width d of the air gap above-mentioned and the bending radius W of measurement structure：
The advantageous effect that the present invention is reached：
The present invention proposes to increase a air gap on optical fiber, as photo sensitive area, using its light loss with bending
The related characteristic of deformation directly measures bending angle or radius, can directly measure light intensity, does not need expensive spectrum analysis
The equipment such as instrument, while improving measurement sensitivity.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the optical fibre bending sensor structural schematic diagram with the air gap of the present invention, and Fig. 1 (a) is bending pre-structure,
Fig. 1 (b) is structure after bending；
Fig. 2 is the transmission schematic diagram of light in the air gap；
Light intensity attenuation verses scheme when Fig. 3 is differently curved degree；
Fig. 4 is the hot spot coordinate on fiber end face；
Fig. 5 is fiber end face glazing strong component schematic diagram；
Fig. 6 is the simulation result in the case of d=1mm.
Specific implementation mode
The invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.Following embodiment is only used for clearly illustrating the present invention
Technical solution, and not intended to limit the protection scope of the present invention.
Shown in optical fibre bending sensor structure such as Fig. 1 (a) with the air gap of the present invention, using single mode step index fiber,
Including fibre core and covering, the refractive index of fibre core is n1, the refractive index of radius a, covering are n2, radius R, on the top of optical fiber
Open up a width be d, the gap that depth is H, constitute the optical fibre bending sensor with the air gap.In figure, n3It is rolled over for air
Penetrate rate.
The measuring principle of the present invention is as follows：
The optical fibre bending sensor with the air gap of above-mentioned design is pasted onto in measurement structure, open end is outward.
As shown in Fig. 1 (b), when optical fiber follows measurement structure to bend, with the variation of bending angle, pass through this air gap
Light intensity also change, the bending radius of measurement structure obtained by the light intensity attenuation of the air gap by measuring.Such as Fig. 3 institutes
Show, when differently curved degree, light intensity attenuation situation is different, influence light intensity attenuation factor mainly have it is following：
1. light enters opening from optical fiber, R is generated on the interface on the left of opening1Reflection, it is saturating to count corresponding light intensity
It is T to penetrate rate1,
According to Fresnel law, transmission coefficient is：
Transmisivity is：
2. entering the light of opening, some energy enter another optical fiber, and such as the RED sector in the gaps Fig. 2, what is had cannot
Into the optical fiber of the other side, such as the green portion in the intermediate gaps Fig. 2, meter can enter the transmisivity of the fibre core of another optical fiber
For T2。
Due to using single mode optical fiber, the light of the air gap is injected from optical fiber, the direction of propagation is perpendicular to fiber openings
End face.In triangle Δ OAB, as shown in Figure 1, O indicates that the center of circle of bending circle, A indicate light in one side end face of the air gap
On eye point, B indicates incidence point of the light on another side end face in the air gap, it is known that：
R+W+y2=(R+W+y1)/cos θ (3)
Y2=(R+W+y1)/cos θ-R-W (4)
Wherein,
X, y1 indicates that the abscissa and ordinate of eye point of the light on one side end face of the air gap, y2 indicate that light exists
The ordinate of incidence point on another side end face in the air gap, abscissa is identical as eye point, shown in Figure 4,WIt indicates to measure
The bending radius of structure,θIndicate the bending angle of measurement structure.
Hot spot coordinate on fiber end face as shown in Figure 4, when the light by the air gap is fallen on another side end face
Coordinate meets：
When,
Light can continue to transmit in optical fiber by gap.
In view of in single mode step index fiber, the distribution of opposite light energy meets following relationship：
Wherein, J0() is zero Bessel function, and a is fiber core radius, and r is radial distance in optical fiber, value model
Enclose for：- a ＜ r ＜ a.U is a nondimensional amount, and value is determined by following formula：
Wherein：J0(·)、J1() is respectively zeroth order, first-order bessel function, K0(·)、K1() is respectively zeroth order, one
Rank Hankel function；V is the normalized frequency of optical fiber, and value is：
λ is operation wavelength.
Then：
3. light enters optical fiber from the air gap, reflection R is generated on the end face of another optical fiber3, light intensity loss is caused,
It is T to count the part transmisivity3。
Light portion energy in optical fiber can be transmitted by opening, continuation in optical fiber.
Incidence angle into the light on the fiber end face of the other side is α1=θ, then according to the law of refraction, refraction angle is：
As shown in figure 5, the photodegradation for being incident on fiber end face isThe pattern of two direction of vibration.
Wherein,Parallel with fiber end face, according to Fresnel law, transmisivity is：
It resolves into and is parallel to end face and the both direction perpendicular to end face, be parallel to the transmisivity of fiber end face
Identical as above formula, the transmisivity of vertical fiber end face is：
It is assumed thatEnergy is identical, then entire transmisivity is：
T3=(1+cos2α1)T3 x+sin2α1·T3 y (12)
4. due to being single mode optical fiber, the light only along shaft axis of optic fibre transmission can be detected device and obtain, by transmission light intensity point
Solution is along optical fiber for the light intensity that along shaft axis of optic fibre part of propagation and along optical fiber radial transport part, can be finally obtained by detector
The transmisivity of axis propagation part, the part is T4：
T4=cos α2 (13)
The transmissivity that entire light passes through the air gap is：
T=T1T2T3T4 (14)
Then light intensity attenuation is:P=10log10(1-T)
The bending radius of measurement structure has been obtained as a result, and through the relationship between the light intensity attenuation of the air gap.
When bending radius change is small, the light intensity of optical fiber transmission will be again introduced by the air gap to die down, until all
Light can not all be again introduced into optical fiber.
Therefore, for needing to meet following limitation between the bending radius (W) of air gap width (d) and measurement structure：
As shown in fig. 6, in the case of for air gap width d=1mm, the simulation curve of bending angle and light intensity attenuation.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is noted that for the ordinary skill people of the art
For member, without departing from the technical principles of the invention, several improvement and deformations can also be made, these improvement and deformations
Also it should be regarded as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. the method for carrying out flexural measurement using the optical fibre bending sensor with the air gap, which is characterized in that including following step
Suddenly：
1) optical fibre bending sensor with the air gap, including optical fiber are built, the optical fiber uses single mode step index fiber, including fibre
The refractive index of core and covering, the fibre core is n1, the refractive index of radius a, the covering are n2, radius R, in the upper of optical fiber
Portion open up a width be d, the gap that depth is H, constitute the optical fibre bending sensor with the air gap；
2) optical fibre bending sensor with the air gap is pasted onto in measurement structure, opens up gap end outward；
3) measurement structure bends, and the bending radius of measurement structure is obtained by the light intensity attenuation of the air gap by measuring；
Relationship between the bending radius and the light intensity attenuation for passing through the air gap is determined as follows：
When 3-1) light enters the air gap from optical fiber, R is generated on the interface on the left of the air gap1Reflection, count corresponding light
Strong transmissivity is T1：
Wherein, tsFor transmission coefficient, n3For air refraction；
3-2) enter the light of the air gap, some energy enter another optical fiber, and what is had cannot enter the optical fiber of the other side, count energy
Transmisivity into the fibre core of another optical fiber is T2：
Wherein, x, y1 indicate that the abscissa and ordinate of eye point of the light on one side end face of the air gap, y2 indicate light
The ordinate of incidence point on another side end face in the air gap, W indicate that the bending radius of measurement structure, θ indicate measurement structure
Bending angle；
Er 2Indicate the distribution of opposite light energy：
Wherein, J0() is zero Bessel function, and r is radial distance in optical fiber, and U is a nondimensional amount, and value is determined by following formula
It is fixed：
Wherein, J0(·)、J1() is respectively zeroth order, first-order bessel function, K0(·)、K1() is respectively zeroth order, the single order Chinese
Ke Er functions；V is the normalized frequency of optical fiber, and value is：
λ is operation wavelength；
When 3-3) light enters another optical fiber from the air gap, reflection R is generated on the end face of another optical fiber3, light intensity is caused to damage
It loses, it is T to count the part transmisivity3：
T3=(1+cos2α1)T3 x+sin2α1·T3 y (12)
Wherein, α1Indicate entry into the incidence angle of the light on the fiber end face of the other side, T3 xIndicate the light intensity parallel with fiber end face
Transmissivity, T3 yIndicate the transmisivity vertical with fiber end face,
α2Indicate entry into the refraction angle of the light on the fiber end face of the other side；
3-4) for single mode step index fiber, the light only along shaft axis of optic fibre transmission can be detected device and obtain, by transmission light intensity point
Solution is along optical fiber for the light intensity that along shaft axis of optic fibre propagation component and along optical fiber radial transport component, can be finally obtained by detector
Axis propagation component remembers that the part transmisivity is T4：
T4=cos α2 (13)
3-5) the transmissivity T that entire light passes through the air gap is：
T=T1T2T3T4 (14)
Then light intensity attenuation p is：P=10log10(1-T)。
2. the method according to claim 1 for carrying out flexural measurement using the optical fibre bending sensor with the air gap,
It is characterized in that, following limitation is met between the width d of the air gap and the bending radius W of measurement structure：
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| CN109631820B (en) * | 2018-12-27 | 2020-09-18 | 南京航空航天大学 | Bending angle detection sensor |
| CN114061801B (en) * | 2021-11-17 | 2023-09-26 | 重庆三峡学院 | Optical fiber V-groove type cladding SPR strain sensor and manufacturing method thereof |
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| CN101055197A (en) * | 2007-05-28 | 2007-10-17 | 重庆大学 | Femtosecond laser pulse produced microsize optical fiber Fabry-perot sensor and its production method |
| CN103162722A (en) * | 2013-03-13 | 2013-06-19 | 南开大学 | Microfiber Fabry-Perot microcavity sensor and manufacturing method |
| CN103364014A (en) * | 2013-07-15 | 2013-10-23 | 北京理工大学 | High-fineness optical fiber external-cavity-type Fabry-Perot interferometric sensor |
| CN205669992U (en) * | 2016-06-06 | 2016-11-02 | 南京工程学院 | A kind of optical fibre bending sensor of band the air gap |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| KR20110131628A (en) * | 2010-05-31 | 2011-12-07 | 한국과학기술원 | Fiber optic sensing device with electromechanical sensor |
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| CN1614352A (en) * | 2004-12-07 | 2005-05-11 | 中山大学 | White light interference optical fibre sensor for straining measure |
| CN101055197A (en) * | 2007-05-28 | 2007-10-17 | 重庆大学 | Femtosecond laser pulse produced microsize optical fiber Fabry-perot sensor and its production method |
| CN103162722A (en) * | 2013-03-13 | 2013-06-19 | 南开大学 | Microfiber Fabry-Perot microcavity sensor and manufacturing method |
| CN103364014A (en) * | 2013-07-15 | 2013-10-23 | 北京理工大学 | High-fineness optical fiber external-cavity-type Fabry-Perot interferometric sensor |
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Effective date of registration: 20191227 Address after: 211100 Jiangsu Province Jiangning District Fangyuan Road 1 Haoyue Science Park 3 Floor 2 Patentee after: Nanjing Kekit Sensor Technology Co., Ltd. Address before: 1 No. 211167 Jiangsu city of Nanjing province Jiangning Science Park Hongjing Road Patentee before: Nanjing Institute of Technology |