CN106003444A - Pneumatic compression electrochemical discharge machining device and method - Google Patents
Pneumatic compression electrochemical discharge machining device and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN106003444A CN106003444A CN201610432121.2A CN201610432121A CN106003444A CN 106003444 A CN106003444 A CN 106003444A CN 201610432121 A CN201610432121 A CN 201610432121A CN 106003444 A CN106003444 A CN 106003444A
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- working chamber
- computer
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- electrochemical discharge
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28D—WORKING STONE OR STONE-LIKE MATERIALS
- B28D5/00—Fine working of gems, jewels, crystals, e.g. of semiconductor material; apparatus or devices therefor
- B28D5/04—Fine working of gems, jewels, crystals, e.g. of semiconductor material; apparatus or devices therefor by tools other than rotary type, e.g. reciprocating tools
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C15/00—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by etching
Abstract
The invention is suitable for fine precision machining of insulated hard and brittle materials, belongs to the non-traditional machining field in manufacturing technologies, and particularly provides a pneumatic compression electrochemical discharge machining device and method. An airtight working cavity is filled with helium through a gas supply system, and thus pressure inside the working cavity is increased and controlled. An air pressure feedback and gas supply system is established to regulate the pressure inside the working cavity. A force feedback and tool electrode movement system is established to control effective feeding of tool electrodes, and the machining clearance is guaranteed. Pressure increase can accelerate formation of a gas film layer and improve the stability of the gas film layer, and electro-discharge machining precision and surface machining quality are improved. Pressure increase can also make operating fluid permeate into the machining area more easily, so that the machining depth is increased. Pressure control can indirectly control thickness of the gas film layer, and therefore the electro-discharge machining radius and machining precision can be controlled.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the special process field in manufacturing technology, refer in particular to a kind of inflating pressure electrochemical discharge processing unit (plant) and method, can be used for the processing hard crisp class material of insulation.
Background technology
Insulation hard brittle material with glass as representative, has the excellent properties such as high rigidity, resistance to chemical attack, transparent and good biocompatibility.Processing method currently for these materials has Laser Processing, chemical etching, Ultrasonic machining, electrochemical discharge processing etc..Laser Processing is difficult to the transparent materials such as processing glass.Chemical etching course of processing complex process, corrosion rate is low.Owing to the effect of mechanical force is easily caused machined material, crackle occurs during Ultrasonic machining.Electrochemical discharge processing method efficiency is of a relatively high, device simple, low cost, processing flexibility are good, is a kind of effective processing method to insulation hard brittle material.
Electrochemical discharge processing is to utilize tool-electrode surface to occur electrochemical reaction to form air film layer, makes short-term insulation between electrode and solution；When between tool-electrode and working solution, potential difference constantly increases to the discharge voltage puncturing air film, flashing discharges, and produced instantaneous high-temperature and shock wave, in category of glass insulant surface, make material be removed by heat etching.
It is critical only that of electrochemical discharge processing forms stable and fine and close air film layer, and air film layer instability can affect machining accuracy and machined surface quality.In the existing research about electrochemical discharge processing air film layer, the Chinese invention patent of Patent No. CN 102528187 A discloses one " reversed alignment electrochemical discharge machining method and device ", tool-electrode is arranged on the lower section of workpiece by the method, the bubble that cell reaction produces can be enriched in around electrode tip, form stable air film, thus increase stability and the working depth of electrochemical discharge processing, but easily cause the gas-liquid separation of electrode tip, make sideflash notable, and air film layer thickness can increase with hole depth.The Chinese invention patent of Patent No. CN 103920952 A proposes one " Varying-thickness electrochemical discharge wire electric discharge machine ", the method, by controlling to immerse the workpiece of the wire length adaptation different-thickness of electrolyte, decreases non-machining area and produces the invalid tool loss that bubble brings.Harbin Institute of Technology professor Guo Yongfeng etc. (non-conducting material electrochemical-discharge complex machining process research [J]. mechanical technology teacher 2000.2) have studied use tube electrode carry out physics inflation on electrochemical discharge processing impact.Test result indicate that, physics inflates the gas that electrochemical reaction can need to be leaned on to produce with Substitute For Partial, accelerates the formation of air film layer, reduce the electrochemical reaction in processing, improve spark discharge rate, but cast electrode size is relatively large, and air film layer thickness is unstable by gas flow effect.
Summary of the invention
The invention aims to overcome above-mentioned shortcoming, it is achieved quickly generate densification and thickness controllable air film layer, it is provided that a kind of inflating pressure electrochemical discharge processing unit (plant) and method.
Technical scheme working mechanism is: be filled with not inert gas helium with hydrogen and oxygen reaction in airtight working chamber by air supply system, to increase and to control the pressure in working chamber.Pressure increase makes bubble volume reduce, and reduces bubble buoyancy, and the biggest pressure increases the bubble normal pressure to electrode so that bubble increases with interelectrode adhesive force.Bubble buoyancy reduces and adhesive force increase all makes it easier to resident near electrode and accelerates the formation of air film layer.Quickly being formed of air film layer can reduce the electrochemical reaction time, reduces silent electrode loss.The raising of pressure also makes air film layer tissue finer and close so that during electro-discharge machining, gas-bearing formation is difficult to defeated and dispersed, improves gas membranous layer stability, improves machining accuracy and machined surface quality.Strengthen pressure can be forced in deep hole or deep trouth by electrolyte, thus solve the difficult processing problems of deep trouth deep hole especially Small Holes；Can be controlled the thickness of air film layer by regulation pressure size, pressure is the biggest, then air film layer is the thinnest, vice versa.Electro-discharge machining radius thicknesses of layers gentle to tool-electrode radius is relevant, air film layer thickness is the least more stable, electro-discharge machining radius change is the least, therefore required electro-discharge machining radius and machining accuracy can be obtained by controlling air-film thickness: air film layer is the thickest, then breakdown voltage and electro-discharge machining radius are the biggest, and machining accuracy is the lowest, otherwise, air film layer is the thinnest, then breakdown voltage and electro-discharge machining radius are the least, and machining accuracy is the highest.Regulate the less pressure air film layer with acquisition thickness during roughing, improve working (machining) efficiency, otherwise, polish then should use big pressure.To this end, the present invention builds air pressure feedback and air supply system, baroceptor detecting the pressure in working chamber in real time, data collecting card gathers the data of baroceptor collection and uploads computer, computer be analyzed relatively and control two-way micro pump supply.Control the pressure in working chamber by micro pump supply and air pressure feedback, indirectly control the thickness of air film layer, thus control electro-discharge machining radius and machined surface quality.In addition, the present invention also builds force feedback and tool-electrode motor system, the contact force between tool-electrode and workpiece is detected in real time by force transducer, data collecting card gathers data and uploads computer, computer be analyzed relatively and control X-Y-Z tri-coordinate digital control platform Z axis feeding to ensure processing gap.
In order to realize the technical purpose of the present invention, the technical scheme of a kind of inflating pressure electrochemical discharge processing unit (plant) that the present invention provides is: this device includes that working chamber and two-way micro pump, described two-way micro pump are connected on described working chamber；Being provided with workbench bottom described working chamber, described working chamber top is provided with X-Y-Z tri-coordinate digital control platform, and described X-Y-Z tri-coordinate digital control platform is connected with tool-electrode by force transducer；It is also equipped with baroceptor and auxiliary electrode, described auxiliary electrode and described tool-electrode in described working chamber to be connected with adjustable pulsed power supply.
In such scheme, described force transducer and described baroceptor are connected with data collecting card, and described data collecting card, described X-Y-Z tri-coordinate digital control platform, described adjustable pulsed power supply and described two-way micro pump are all connected with computer.
In such scheme, described two-way micro pump is also equipped with flow control valve.
In such scheme, described working chamber is provided with cover plate, by sealing device, described cover plate ensures that working chamber is closed cavity.
In such scheme, the voltage 0 ~ 60V of described adjustable pulsed power supply, frequency 1 ~ 5000Hz, dutycycle 0 ~ 100%；Described tool-electrode is tungsten carbide electrode, and described auxiliary electrode is graphite electrode.
A kind of inflating pressure electrochemical discharge processing method that the present invention provides, comprises the steps:
(1) workpiece is installed on the table, in working chamber, add solution, make workpiece immerse solution；
(2) operation computer makes X-Y-Z tri-coordinate digital control platform towards Z-axis direction lower feeding, produces contact force until with absorption surface；The operation two-way micro pump of computer starting, work chamber air of draining, make working chamber be full of helium；Operation computer starting adjustable pulsed power supply, is formed air film layer by adjustable pulsed power supply on-load voltage between tool-electrode and auxiliary electrode, constitutes electrochemical discharge loop and produces spark discharge etching workpiece；
(3) computer control X-Y-Z tri-coordinate digital control platform completes the processing of the electrochemical discharge to workpiece according to the path set.
In such scheme, the working chamber atmospheric pressure value detected is compared by computer with arranging value, if atmospheric pressure value is less than arranging value, is then controlled two-way micro pump supply by computer；If atmospheric pressure value is more than arranging value, then controlled two-way micro pump aerofluxus by computer；Repeat the above steps, until atmospheric pressure value is equal to arranging value.
In such scheme, the contact force detected is compared by computer with arranging value, if contact force is less than the low extreme value of the power that arranges, is then controlled the Z axis forward feeding of X-Y-Z tri-coordinate digital control platform by computer；If contact force is more than the higher extreme value of the power that arranges, then controlled the reverse feeding of Z axis of X-Y-Z tri-coordinate digital control platform to ensure discharging gap by computer；Repeat the above steps, completes until workpiece is processed.
In such scheme, described workpiece is insulation hard brittle material, and described solution is alkaline solution, and described workpiece immerses 2mm below solution face,
In such scheme, described X-Y-Z tri-coordinate digital control platform drives rotating speed 0 ~ 5000rpm that described tool-electrode rotates.
The medicine have the advantages that 1. accelerate the formation of air film layer by the pressure in inflation increase working chamber, decrease the export license that electrochemical reaction is brought, improve work efficiency.2. the increase of pressure makes air film layer finer and close, improves the stability of air film layer, thus improves machining accuracy and machined surface quality.3. the increase of pressure makes air film layer thinning, reduces breakdown voltage, increases the electrochemical discharge scope of application, and the reduction of discharge energy simultaneously further increases stability and the machining accuracy of air film layer.4. strengthen pressure can be forced in deep hole or deep trouth by electrolyte, thus solve the difficult processing problems of deep trouth deep hole especially Small Holes；5. fed back by air pressure and air supply system regulation pressure is to control air film layer thickness, thus obtain required electro-discharge machining radius and machining accuracy.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of inflating pressure electrochemical discharge processing unit (plant).
In figure: 1. computer, 2. sealing device, 3. baroceptor, 4.X-Y-Z tri-coordinate digital control platform, 5. force transducer, 6. working chamber, 7. solution, 8. workpiece, 9. tool-electrode, 10. workbench, 11. auxiliary electrodes, 12. adjustable pulsed power supplies, 13. two-way micro pumps, 14. cover plates, 15. flow control valves, 16. data collecting cards.
Detailed description of the invention
The inventive method and the details of device and working condition is described in detail below in conjunction with Fig. 1.
As it is shown in figure 1, this enforcement device mainly includes computer 1, sealing device 2, baroceptor 3, X-Y-Z tri-coordinate digital control platform 4, force transducer 5, working chamber 6, solution 7, workpiece 8, tool-electrode 9, workbench 10, auxiliary electrode 11, adjustable pulsed power supply 12, two-way micro pump 13, cover plate 14, flow control valve 15 and data collecting card 16.Wherein solution 7 is alkaline solution, and tool-electrode 9 uses diamondite, and workpiece 8 is insulation hard brittle material, and auxiliary electrode 11 uses graphite electrode；Adjustable pulsed power supply 12 voltage 0 ~ 60V, frequency 1 ~ 5000Hz, dutycycle 0 ~ 100%；Flow control valve 15 is arranged on two-way micro pump 13, by sealing device 2, cover plate 14 ensures that working chamber 6 is closed cavity.
Specific implementation method is: (1) sets up the data base of computer 1, and the machining status according to described workpiece 8 is different, arranges different contact pressure values and working chamber atmospheric pressure value；(2) force transducer 5 is arranged on described X-Y-Z tri-coordinate digital control platform 4, described tool-electrode 9 is arranged on below described force transducer 5 on chuck, described force transducer 5 detects the contact force between described tool-electrode 9 and described workpiece 8, and by data output to described data collecting card 16, baroceptor 3 is arranged in described working chamber 6, described baroceptor 3 detects the air pressure in described working chamber 6, and by data output to described data collecting card 16, data are uploaded described computer 1 by described data collecting card 16；(3) positive pole of adjustable pulsed power supply 12 is connect described auxiliary electrode 11, negative pole connects described tool-electrode 9, by described adjustable pulsed power supply 12 on-load voltage between described tool-electrode 9 and described auxiliary electrode 11, after voltage exceedes certain value, form air film layer, constitute electrochemical discharge loop and produce the spark discharge described workpiece 8 of etching；(4) operation computer 1 starts described two-way micro pump 13, and air in working chamber 6 of draining makes described working chamber 6 be full of helium；The working chamber atmospheric pressure value detected is compared by described computer 1 with arranging value, if described atmospheric pressure value arranges value less than described, the most described computer 1 controls described two-way micro pump 13 and supplies；If described atmospheric pressure value arranges value more than described, the most described computer 1 controls the aerofluxus of described two-way micro pump 13；Repeat the above steps, until described atmospheric pressure value arranges value equal to described；(5) contact force detected is compared by computer 1 with arranging value, if described contact force is less than the low extreme value of the described power of setting, the most described computer 1 controls described X-Y-Z tri-coordinate digital control platform 4 towards Z axis forward feeding；If described contact force is more than the higher extreme value of the described power of setting, the most described computer 1 controls described X-Y-Z tri-coordinate digital control platform 4 towards the reverse feeding of Z axis；Described X-Y-Z tri-coordinate digital control platform 4 can drive described tool-electrode 9 to rotate towards Z axis, rotating speed 0 ~ 5000rpm.Described computer jointly controls described X-Y-Z tri-coordinate digital control platform feeding by program and described force transducer feedback.
Embodiment 1: by workpiece 8 erector's station 10, add solution 7 in working chamber 6, makes workpiece 8 immerse solution 7 more 2mm.Force transducer 5 is arranged on the Z axis of X-Y-Z tri-coordinate digital control platform 4, tool-electrode 9 is arranged on below force transducer 5 on chuck, by the contact force between force transducer detection tool-electrode 9 and workpiece 8, and data are exported to data collecting card 16, baroceptor 3 is arranged in working chamber 6, being detected the air pressure in working chamber 6 by baroceptor 3, and export data to data collecting card 16, data are uploaded computer by data collecting card 16；Operation computer 1 makes the Z-axis direction lower feeding of X-Y-Z tri-coordinate digital control platform 4, until contact generation contact force with workpiece 8；The positive pole of adjustable pulsed power supply 12 is connect auxiliary electrode 11, negative pole bonding tool electrode 9, by adjustable pulsed power supply 12 on-load voltage between tool-electrode 9 and auxiliary electrode 11, after voltage exceedes certain value, form air film layer, constitute electrochemical discharge loop and produce spark discharge etching workpiece 8.
Operation computer 1 starts two-way micro pump 13, and air in working chamber 6 of draining makes working chamber 6 be full of helium；Working chamber 6 atmospheric pressure value detected is compared by computer 1 with arranging value, if atmospheric pressure value is less than arranging value, is then controlled two-way micro pump 13 by computer 1 and supplies；If atmospheric pressure value is more than arranging value, then controlled the aerofluxus of two-way micro pump 13 by computer；Repeat the above steps, until atmospheric pressure value is equal to arranging value.
Meanwhile, the contact force detected is compared by computer 1 with arranging value, if contact force is less than the low extreme value of the power that arranges, is then controlled X-Y-Z tri-coordinate digital control platform 4 towards Z axis forward feeding by computer 1；If contact force is more than the higher extreme value of the power that arranges, then controlled the reverse feeding of Z axis of X-Y-Z tri-coordinate digital control platform 4 to ensure discharging gap by computer 1；Repeat the above steps, completes until workpiece 8 is processed.
It should be understood that above example is only to facilitate understand the technical scheme of the present patent application; it is not intended that limiting of its scope; every without departing from the scheme perhaps according to the technical spirit of the present patent application, any simple modification, equivalent variations and the modification of above scheme formed in the present patent application technical scheme, all should be included within belonging to the present patent application protection domain.Described embodiment be the present invention preferred embodiment; but the present invention is not limited to above-mentioned embodiment; in the case of without departing substantially from the flesh and blood of the present invention, any conspicuously improved, replacement or modification that those skilled in the art can make belong to protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. an inflating pressure electrochemical discharge processing unit (plant), it is characterised in that include that working chamber (6) and two-way micro pump (13), described two-way micro pump (13) are connected on described working chamber (6)；Described working chamber (6) bottom is provided with workbench (10), and described working chamber (6) top is provided with X-Y-Z tri-coordinate digital control platform (4), and described X-Y-Z tri-coordinate digital control platform (4) is connected with tool-electrode (9) by force transducer (5)；It is also equipped with baroceptor (3) and auxiliary electrode (11), described auxiliary electrode (11) and described tool-electrode (9) in described working chamber (6) to be connected with adjustable pulsed power supply (12).
A kind of inflating pressure electrochemical discharge processing unit (plant) the most according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described force transducer (5) and described baroceptor (3) are connected with data collecting card (16), and described data collecting card (16), described X-Y-Z tri-coordinate digital control platform (4), described adjustable pulsed power supply (12) and described two-way micro pump (13) are all connected with computer (1).
A kind of inflating pressure electrochemical discharge processing unit (plant) the most according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterised in that be also equipped with flow control valve (15) on described two-way micro pump (13).
A kind of inflating pressure electrochemical discharge processing unit (plant) the most according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterised in that described working chamber (6) is provided with cover plate (14), by sealing device (2), described cover plate (14) ensures that working chamber (6) is closed cavity.
A kind of inflating pressure electrochemical discharge processing unit (plant) the most according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterised in that the voltage 0 ~ 60V of described adjustable pulsed power supply (12), frequency 1 ~ 5000Hz, dutycycle 0 ~ 100%；Described tool-electrode (9) is tungsten carbide electrode, and described auxiliary electrode (11) is graphite electrode.
6. an inflating pressure electrochemical discharge processing method, comprises the steps:
(1) workpiece (8) is arranged on workbench (10), in working chamber (6), adds solution (7), make workpiece (8) immerse solution (7)；
(2) operation computer (1) makes X-Y-Z tri-coordinate digital control platform (4) towards Z-axis direction lower feeding, produces contact force until contacting with workpiece (8)；Operation computer (1) starts two-way micro pump (13), working chamber of draining (6) interior air, makes working chamber (6) be full of helium；Operation computer (1) starts adjustable pulsed power supply (12), adjustable pulsed power supply (12) on-load voltage between tool-electrode (9) and auxiliary electrode (11) form air film layer, constitutes electrochemical discharge loop and produces spark discharge etching workpiece (8)；
(3) computer (1) control X-Y-Z tri-coordinate digital control platform (4) completes the processing of the electrochemical discharge to workpiece (8) according to the path set.
A kind of inflating pressure electrochemical discharge processing method the most according to claim 5, it is characterized in that, working chamber (6) atmospheric pressure value detected is compared by computer (1) with arranging value, if atmospheric pressure value is less than arranging value, is then controlled two-way micro pump (13) supply by computer (1)；If atmospheric pressure value is more than arranging value, then controlled two-way micro pump (13) aerofluxus by computer；Repeat the above steps, until atmospheric pressure value is equal to arranging value.
A kind of inflating pressure electrochemical discharge processing method the most according to claim 5, it is characterized in that, the contact force detected is compared by computer (1) with arranging value, if contact force is less than the low extreme value of the power that arranges, then controlled the Z axis forward feeding of X-Y-Z tri-coordinate digital control platform (4) by computer (1)；If contact force is more than the higher extreme value of the power that arranges, then controlled the reverse feeding of Z axis of X-Y-Z tri-coordinate digital control platform (4) to ensure discharging gap by computer (1)；Repeat the above steps, completes until workpiece (8) is processed.
A kind of inflating pressure electrochemical discharge processing method the most according to claim 5, it is characterised in that described workpiece (8) is insulation hard brittle material, and described solution (7) is alkaline solution, and described workpiece (8) immerses 2mm below solution face.
A kind of inflating pressure electrochemical discharge processing method the most according to claim 5, it is characterised in that described X-Y-Z tri-coordinate digital control platform (4) drives rotating speed 0 ~ 5000rpm that described tool-electrode (9) rotates.
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Patent Citations (7)
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| JPH0577108A (en) * | 1991-09-20 | 1993-03-30 | Shizuoka Seiki Co Ltd | Electroprocesser |
| US20020170829A1 (en) * | 2001-05-15 | 2002-11-21 | Korea Advanced Institute Of Science And Technology | Electrochemical discharge machining device and machining method |
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