CN105999304A - 一种荧光/mri双模态成像探针的合成方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种荧光/MRI双模态成像探针的合成方法,具体步骤如下:1、向低聚壳聚糖中加入无水DMSO,搅拌至溶解;分别称取Cy5.5和EDC加入到上述溶液中,室温避光反应;向反应后的溶液中加入丙酮,离心,用丙酮洗涤,真空干燥得到固体粉末。2、向步骤1中的固体粉末中加入DMSO,磁力搅拌至溶解完全;再依次加入DMAP和多胺多酸酸酐,于室温下反应。向反应后的溶液中加入丙酮,离心,用丙酮洗涤,真空干燥得到固体粉末。3、将步骤2所得到的固体粉末溶解于去离子水中,不断搅拌下缓慢加入顺磁性金属盐,溶液于室温下搅拌,真空浓缩,加入无水乙醇沉淀,用乙醇和乙醚洗涤,过滤,真空干燥得到最终产物。本发明的产品水溶性好,荧光性能及体外成像效果优良。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于双模态成像探针领域,具体涉及一种荧光/MRI双模态成像探针的合成方法。
背景技术
肿瘤是威胁人类健康的重要疾病之一,肿瘤疾病的早期诊断和治疗是提高患者生存质量和治愈率的关键。磁共振成像(Magnetic resonance imaging,MRI)是当代临床诊断中最为成熟的检测手段之一,其具有空间分辨率高、对人体无电离辐射损伤、可对任意层面选层扫描(横断面、矢状面、冠状面和任意切面)等特点,但是MRI技术对骨质结构的显示较差,且灵敏度较低,使得其临床实际应用受到很大的限制。与MRI技术相比,荧光成像技术的灵敏度明显高于MRI,但是其空间分辨率和组织穿透力低于MRI技术。因而可将MRI与荧光成像技术有效结合,以克服单一模态成像技术的固有局限性,取长补短,协同发挥各自的优势。因此,将MRI造影剂与荧光材料一体化的双模态成像探针在生物医学及临床诊断领域具有重要的研究意义和潜在的应用前景。
传统的双模态成像探针的研究中,荧光成像单元所用的材料主要有半导体量子点、稀土上转换材料、有机荧光分子等。尽管半导体量子点激发光谱宽,发射光谱窄,然而半导体量子点主要是一类由Cd、Te等重金属组成的无机半导体材料,它们在生物体内的安全性受到质疑。稀土元素也由于与其配合的水分子会对稀土元素自身的荧光产生淬灭作用,使得其在成像探针领域的进一步应用受到了限制。作为半导体量子点和稀土元素的替代材料,有机荧光染料得到了广泛的应用。其中,发射波长在700-1200nm范围的近红外荧光(Near-infraredfluorescence;NIRF)染料是荧光成像中最受关注的热点之一。因为其具有较强的组织穿透能力,且在此波长范围内生物组织自身的荧光较弱,避免了背景干扰,可获得较高的分析灵敏度。另外,传统的双模态成像探针的研究中,磁共振成像单元所用的材料主要是基于氧化铁或钆螯合物之类的磁性造影剂,尤其是钆螯合物在凸显组织差异性、增强成像效果等方面起到了关键的作用。最早应用于临床的钆基造影剂是Gd-DTPA(二乙三胺五乙酸钆)。然而,随着临床应用的逐步展开,研究发现Gd-DTPA容易引起生物体肾源性系统纤维化(Nephrogenic Systemic Fibrosis,NSF),钆基造影剂的体内安全性因此受到了很大的争议。
基于上述研究现状分析可以看出,荧光/MRI双模态成像探针的合成应从两方面入手:一是选择合适的具有较高灵敏度和荧光性能的荧光成像材料;二是选择合适的具有高弛豫性能和安全性能的磁共振成像材料,可以是对传统的钆基造影剂的修饰改性,也可以是以生物体内本来就存在的顺磁性金属来替代外来金属钆。
发明内容
本发明提供一种体内安全、高效的荧光/MRI双模态成像探针的合成方法。针对上述问题,本发明选择NIRF染料Cy5.5作为荧光成像分子,以具有生物相容性、生物可降解性、无毒性等优良特性的水溶性低聚壳聚糖修饰的多胺多酸类顺磁性金属配合物作为磁共振成像分子,合成出一种兼具荧光成像和磁共振成像的双模态成像探针。
本发明的具体技术方案如下:
一种荧光/MRI双模态成像探针的合成方法,具体步骤如下:
步骤1、向低聚壳聚糖中加入10~30mL无水DMSO,于50~70℃下搅拌直至溶解;分别称取Cy5.5和1-乙基-(3-二甲基氨基丙基)碳酰二亚胺盐酸盐(EDC)加入到上述溶液中,室温避光反应18~36h;向反应后的溶液中加入10~30mL丙酮,离心,用丙酮洗涤产物,真空干燥,得到固体粉末。
步骤2、称取步骤1中所得到的固体粉末,向固体粉末中加入5~15mL DMSO,磁力搅拌至溶解完全;再依次加入4-二甲氨基吡啶(DMAP)和多胺多酸酸酐,于室温下反应20~48h。向反应后的溶液中加入10~30mL丙酮,离心,用丙酮洗涤产物,真空干燥,得到固体粉末。
步骤3、称取步骤2所得到的固体粉末溶解于10~50mL去离子水中,不断搅拌下缓慢加入顺磁性金属盐,溶液于室温下搅拌6~10h,真空浓缩,加入10~40mL无水乙醇沉淀,用乙醇和乙醚洗涤产物,过滤,真空干燥,得到荧光/MRI双模态成像探针。
步骤1中,所使用的低聚壳聚糖的聚合度为6、8、11或20。
步骤1中,低聚壳聚糖、Cy5.5、EDC与无水DMSO的用量比为1~1.1mmol:1mmol:1mmol:20~60mL。
步骤2中,所述的多胺多酸酸酐是二乙三胺五乙酸酸酐(DTPAA)或1,4,7,10-四氮杂环十二烷-1,4,7,10-四乙酸酸酐(DOTAA)或乙二胺四乙酸酸酐(EDTAA)。
步骤2中,加入的固体粉末、DMAP、多胺多酸酸酐与DMSO的用量比为1mmol:1~1.2mmol:1mmol:50~150mL。
步骤3中,所述的顺磁性金属盐为Gd、Mn或Fe的硝酸盐、氯化盐、硫酸盐或醋酸盐中的一种。
步骤3中,加入的固体粉末、顺磁性金属盐与去离子水的用量比为1mmol:1~4mmol:100~500mL。
所述的真空干燥温度为30~45℃,干燥时间为6~10h;步骤2中,所述的真空干燥温度为35~60℃,干燥时间为8~12h;步骤3中,所述的真空干燥温度为35~60℃,干燥时间为8~12h。
有益效果:
(1)本发明在技术上采用MRI造影剂与有机荧光染料分子相结合的方式,得到兼具荧光成像和核磁共振成像的双模态成像探针,实现一次给药便可得到多种诊断信息的目的,有效地提高了临床诊断的准确性和全面性,克服了传统单一模态成像技术的弊端;
(2)本发明以低聚壳聚糖修饰的多胺多酸类顺磁性金属配合物作为磁共振成像分子,壳聚糖是天然可再生丰产资源,成本较低,且无毒,有良好的生物相容性和生物可降解性,减轻了环境压力,其结构上富余的氨基和羟基还具有络合游离金属离子的能力,提高了成像探针的体内安全性;
(3)本发明的产品水溶性好,纵向弛豫率为10~15mM-1·s-1,远远高于传统单一模态的造影剂Gd-DTPA(同等测定条件下,其纵向弛豫率=3.85mM-1·s-1),且体外成像效果优良,是一种优异的潜在诊疗材料,为新型多功能诊断探针的设计开发提供了理论和实验基础。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例1中荧光/MRI双模态成像探针的合成示意图;
图2为本发明实施例1中合成的荧光/MRI双模态成像探针及Cy5.5的荧光发射图谱(插图:Gd-DTPA的荧光发射图谱);
图3为本发明实施例1中合成的荧光/MRI双模态成像探针的纵向弛豫率图;
图4为本发明实施例1中合成的荧光/MRI双模态成像探针在不同浓度下的体外纵向弛豫加权成像图。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例和说明书附图对本发明作进一步说明,并且本发明的保护范围不仅局限于以下实施例。
实施例1
(1)称取聚合度为11的低聚壳聚糖0.9900g(0.5mmol)置于100mL圆底烧瓶中,加入20mL无水DMSO,于50℃下搅拌直至溶解。分别称取0.7414g(0.5mmol)Cy5.5和0.1917g(0.5mmol)EDC加入到上述溶液中,室温避光反应24h。向反应后的溶液中加入30mL丙酮,离心,用丙酮洗涤产物,于30℃下真空干燥10h,得到固体粉末。
(2)称取0.2722g(0.1mmol)步骤(1)中所得固体粉末于50mL圆底烧瓶中,加入5mLDMSO,磁力搅拌至溶解完全。再依次加入12.22mg(0.1mmol)DMAP和0.0357g(0.1mmol)DTPAA,于室温下反应48h。向反应后的溶液中加入30mL丙酮,离心,用丙酮洗涤产物,于40℃下真空干燥11h,得到固体粉末。
(3)称取0.3078g(0.1mmol)步骤(2)中所得固体粉末溶解于10mL去离子水中,不断搅拌下缓慢加入0.1487g(0.4mmol)GdCl3·6H2O,溶液于室温下搅拌10h,真空浓缩,加入35mL无水乙醇沉淀,用乙醇和乙醚洗涤产物,过滤,于50℃下真空干燥10h,得到荧光/MRI双模态成像探针。
本实施例的合成示意图如图1所示。此外,在本实施例中还对上述所得的荧光/MRI双模态成像探针进行了荧光光谱(图2)、纵向弛豫率(图3)及体外纵向弛豫加权成像(图4)测定。从图2中可以看出,Cy5.5的最大发射波长(λem)=693nm,制备得到的荧光/MRI双模态成像探针Gd-DTPA-Cy5.5-CS11的λem=676nm,与Cy5.5的荧光光谱相比,Gd-DTPA-Cy5.5-CS11的荧光强度几乎没有减弱,但是λem的位置发生了轻微地蓝移,可能是由于共轭程度的减弱。图2插图是传统单一模态的造影剂Gd-DTPA的荧光发射图谱,Gd-DTPA的λem在305nm附近,通过对比发现,Gd-DTPA的荧光强度明显弱于Gd-DTPA-Cy5.5-CS11,甚至可以忽略不计。图3为本实施例中制备得到的Gd-DTPA-Cy5.5-CS11的弛豫率图。从图中线性拟合分析得到,Gd-DTPA-Cy5.5-CS11的纵向弛豫率为12.744mM-1s-1,明显高于同等条件下Gd-DTPA的纵向弛豫率(3.85mM-1s-1)。图4为本实施例中制备得到的Gd-DTPA-Cy5.5-CS11的体外纵向弛豫加权成像图。从图中可以看出,同等浓度条件下,Gd-DTPA的图像亮度明显暗于Gd-DTPA-Cy5.5-CS11的图像,Gd-DTPA-Cy5.5-CS11具有明显的MRI增强对比效果。以上的分析结果表明,本实施例中合成得到的成像探针Gd-DTPA-Cy5.5-CS11能够同时用在荧光和MRI双模态成像。
实施例2
(1)称取聚合度为8的低聚壳聚糖0.8030g(0.55mmol)置于100mL圆底烧瓶中,加入10mL无水DMSO,于60℃下搅拌直至溶解。分别称取0.7414g(0.5mmol)Cy5.5和0.1917g(0.5mmol)EDC加入到上述溶液中,室温避光反应18h。向反应后的溶液中加入20mL丙酮,离心,用丙酮洗涤产物,于45℃下真空干燥6h,得到固体粉末。
(2)称取0.2201g(0.1mmol)步骤(1)中所得固体粉末于50mL圆底烧瓶中,加入10mLDMSO,磁力搅拌至溶解完全。再依次加入14.66mg(0.12mmol)DMAP和0.0357g(0.1mmol)DTPAA,于室温下反应36h。向反应后的溶液中加入20mL丙酮,离心,用丙酮洗涤产物,于35℃下真空干燥12h,得到固体粉末。
(3)称取0.2558g(0.1mmol)步骤(2)中所得固体粉末溶解于40mL去离子水中,不断搅拌下缓慢加入0.1081g(0.4mmol)FeCl3·6H2O,溶液于室温下搅拌6h,真空浓缩,加入20mL无水乙醇沉淀,用乙醇和乙醚洗涤产物,过滤,于60℃下真空干燥8h,得到荧光/MRI双模态成像探针。
实施例3
(1)称取聚合度为20的低聚壳聚糖1.9800g(0.55mmol)置于100mL圆底烧瓶中,加入30mL无水DMSO,于70℃下搅拌直至溶解。分别称取0.7414g(0.5mmol)Cy5.5和0.1917g(0.5mmol)EDC加入到上述溶液中,室温避光反应36h。向反应后的溶液中加入25mL丙酮,离心,用丙酮洗涤产物,于35℃下真空干燥9h,得到固体粉末。
(2)称取0.4341g(0.1mmol)步骤(1)中所得固体粉末于50mL圆底烧瓶中,加入15mLDMSO,磁力搅拌至溶解完全。再依次加入14.66mg(0.12mmol)DMAP和0.0404g(0.1mmol)DOTAA,于室温下反应48h。向反应后的溶液中加入28mL丙酮,离心,用丙酮洗涤产物,于60℃下真空干燥8h,得到固体粉末。
(3)称取0.4745g(0.1mmol)步骤(2)中所得固体粉末溶解于50mL去离子水中,不断搅拌下缓慢加入0.0536g(0.2mmol)(CH3COO)3Mn·2H2O,溶液于室温下充分搅拌7h,真空浓缩,加入40mL无水乙醇沉淀,用乙醇和乙醚洗涤产物,过滤,于45℃下真空干燥11h,得到荧光/MRI双模态成像探针。
实施例4
(1)称取聚合度为6的低聚壳聚糖0.6480g(0.6mmol)置于100mL圆底烧瓶中,加入15mL无水DMSO,于60℃下搅拌直至溶解。分别称取0.4448g(0.6mmol)Cy5.5和0.1150g(0.6mmol)EDC加入到上述溶液中,室温避光反应30h。向反应后的溶液中加入10mL丙酮,离心,用丙酮洗涤产物,于40℃下真空干燥8h,得到固体粉末。
(2)称取0.5464g(0.3mmol)步骤(1)中所得固体粉末于50mL圆底烧瓶中,加入12mLDMSO,磁力搅拌至溶解完全。再依次加入36.65mg(0.3mmol)DMAP和0.1212g(0.3mmol)DOTAA,于室温下反应24h。向反应后的溶液中加入10mL丙酮,离心,用丙酮洗涤产物,于50℃下真空干燥10h,得到固体粉末。
(3)称取0.3338g(0.15mmol)步骤(2)中所得固体粉末溶解于20mL去离子水中,不断搅拌下缓慢加入0.2031g(0.45mmol)Gd(NO3)3·6H2O,溶液于室温下搅拌8h,真空浓缩,加入10mL无水乙醇沉淀,用乙醇和乙醚洗涤产物,过滤,于35℃下真空干燥12h,得到荧光/MRI双模态成像探针。
实施例5
(1)称取聚合度为11的低聚壳聚糖0.4158g(0.21mmol)置于100mL圆底烧瓶中,加入12mL无水DMSO,于65℃下搅拌直至溶解。分别称取0.1483g(0.2mmol)Cy5.5和0.0383g(0.2mmol)EDC加入到上述溶液中,室温避光反应25h。向反应后的溶液中加入18mL丙酮,离心,用丙酮洗涤产物,于30℃下真空干燥10h,得到固体粉末。
(2)称取0.2722g(0.1mmol)步骤(1)中所得固体粉末于50mL圆底烧瓶中,加入5mLDMSO,磁力搅拌至溶解完全。再依次加入13.44mg(0.11mmol)DMAP和0.0256g(0.1mmol)EDTAA,于室温下反应20h。向反应后的溶液中加入25mL丙酮,离心,用丙酮洗涤产物,于55℃下真空干燥9h,得到固体粉末。
(3)称取0.3573g(0.12mmol)步骤(2)中所得固体粉末溶解于30mL去离子水中,不断搅拌下缓慢加入0.0335g(0.15mmol)MnSO4·4H2O,溶液于室温下搅拌8h,真空浓缩,加入30mL无水乙醇沉淀,用乙醇和乙醚洗涤产物,过滤,于55℃下真空干燥9h,得到荧光/MRI双模态成像探针。
Claims (8)
1.一种荧光/MRI双模态成像探针的合成方法,其特征在于,具体步骤如下:
步骤1、向低聚壳聚糖中加入10~30mL无水DMSO,于50~70℃下搅拌直至溶解;分别称取Cy5.5和1-乙基-(3-二甲基氨基丙基)碳酰二亚胺盐酸盐加入到上述溶液中,室温避光反应18~36h;向反应后的溶液中加入10~30mL丙酮,离心,用丙酮洗涤产物,真空干燥,得到固体粉末;
步骤2、称取步骤1中所得到的固体粉末,向固体粉末中加入5~15mL DMSO,磁力搅拌至溶解完全;再依次加入4-二甲氨基吡啶和多胺多酸酸酐,于室温下反应20~48h;向反应后的溶液中加入10~30mL丙酮,离心,用丙酮洗涤产物,真空干燥,得到固体粉末;
步骤3、称取步骤2所得到的固体粉末溶解于10~50mL去离子水中,不断搅拌下缓慢加入顺磁性金属盐,溶液于室温下搅拌6~10h,真空浓缩,加入10~40mL无水乙醇沉淀,用乙醇和乙醚洗涤产物,过滤,真空干燥,得到荧光/MRI双模态成像探针。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种荧光/MRI双模态成像探针的合成方法,其特征在于,步骤1中,所使用的低聚壳聚糖的聚合度为6、8、11或20。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种荧光/MRI双模态成像探针的合成方法,其特征在于,步骤1中,低聚壳聚糖、Cy5.5、1-乙基-(3-二甲基氨基丙基)碳酰二亚胺盐酸盐与无水DMSO的用量比为1~1.1mmol:1mmol:1mmol:20~60mL。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种荧光/MRI双模态成像探针的合成方法,其特征在于,步骤2中,所述的多胺多酸酸酐是二乙三胺五乙酸酸酐或1,4,7,10-四氮杂环十二烷-1,4,7,10-四乙酸酸酐或乙二胺四乙酸酸酐。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种荧光/MRI双模态成像探针的合成方法,其特征在于,步骤2中,加入的固体粉末、4-二甲氨基吡啶、多胺多酸酸酐与DMSO的用量比为1mmol:1~1.2mmol:1mmol:50~150mL。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种荧光/MRI双模态成像探针的合成方法,其特征在于,步骤3中,所述的顺磁性金属盐为Gd、Mn或Fe的硝酸盐、氯化盐、硫酸盐或醋酸盐中的一种。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种荧光/MRI双模态成像探针的合成方法,其特征在于,步骤3中,加入的固体粉末、顺磁性金属盐与去离子水的用量比为1mmol:1~4mmol:100~500mL。
8.根据权利要求1所述的一种荧光/MRI双模态成像探针的合成方法,其特征在于,步骤1中,所述的真空干燥温度为30~45℃,干燥时间为6~10h;步骤2中,所述的真空干燥温度为35~60℃,干燥时间为8~12h;步骤3中,所述的真空干燥温度为35~60℃,干燥时间为8~12h。
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