CN105983699A - 一种叉车减震器活塞杆的粉末锻造方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种叉车减震器活塞杆的粉末锻造方法，其包括配料及混料、压制、烧结、锻造、热处理、表面喷丸强化处理等步骤。本发明采用粉末锻造技术生产的叉车减震器活塞杆物理机械性能优异，不仅具有硬度大、抗拉强度高、屈服强度高、韧性好等特性，还具有优异的耐热性、化学稳定性、抗疲劳性、耐磨性和抗冲击性，且本发明方法锻件精度高，操作简单，劳动强度低，生产效率高，适合大批量生产。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种叉车减震器活塞杆的粉末锻造方法，属于粉末锻造技术领域。
背景技术
叉车减震器在使用过程中经常会发生主要零部件的断裂事故，其中尤其以活塞杆的断裂较为频繁。活塞杆在往复运动中受气体力、往复惯性力及往复运动的摩擦力等多重作用，所以容易发生断裂，这就要求减震器活塞杆不仅具有足够的疲劳强度和韧性，还需要具有优异的耐磨性。
粉末锻造技术是常规的粉末冶金工艺和精密锻造有机结合而发展起来的一项颇具有市场竞争力的少、无切削金属加工方法, 以金属粉末为原料, 经过预成形压制, 在保护气氛中进行加热烧结及作为锻造毛坯, 然后在压力机上一次锻造成形和实现无飞边精密模锻, 获得了与普通模锻件相同密度、形状复杂的精密锻件。它既有粉末冶金成形性能较好的优点, 又发挥锻造变形有效地改变金属材料组织和性能作用的特点, 使粉末冶金和锻造工艺在生产上取得了新的突破, 特别适宜大批量生产高性能、形状复杂的结构零件, 因此具有广阔的应用前景。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种叉车减震器活塞杆的粉末锻造方法。
为实现上述目的，本发明采用的技术方案如下：
一种叉车减震器活塞杆的粉末锻造方法，包括以下步骤：
a、配料及混料
按照质量比13-19:8-14:5-9:3-6的比例称取38CrMoAl合金钢粉末、20MnTiB合金钢粉末、碳化钽粉末和二硅化钼粉末，准确称取粉重后，置于混料机内混合35-45min，至分布均匀；
b、压制
将上述混合好的粉料加入压制机上压制成减震器活塞杆预成形坯，压制压力为7-9t/cm2；
c、烧结
将上述制得的减震器活塞杆预成形坯在通有保护气氛的烧结炉中进行烧结处理：首先在氮气保护气氛下升温至880-960℃，保温1-2h，再在氦气保护气氛下降温至610-690℃，保温0.5-1h，然后在氢气保护气氛下升温至860-920℃，保温1-2h,再在一氧化碳保护气氛下升温至1170-1230℃，保温2-3h，再在真空状态下降温至930-970℃，保温1-2h；
d、锻造
将烧结处理后的减震器活塞杆预成形坯直接从烧结炉内送入压力机模具中进行锻造，出炉至锻压时间为3-5s，锻压力为5-8t/cm2，终锻温度为860-890℃；
e、热处理
将上述制得的锻件加热至1120-1180℃，保温2-3h，再降温至840-880℃，保温0.5-1h，油冷淬火后加热至250-300℃，保温5-7h，随炉空冷，再加热至510-570℃，保温1-2h，盐水淬火后加热至360-420℃，保温4-6h，出炉空冷；
f、表面喷丸强化处理
采用0.05mm不锈钢弹丸，喷射距离为3-6cm，在0.6-0.9MPa压力下在锻件表面处理25-45min。
所述38CrMoAl合金钢的化学成分质量百分比为：C 0.37-0.41%、Si 0.2-0.4%、Mn0.4-0.6%、Cr 1.4-1.6%、Al 1.4-1.6%、Mo 0.15-0.25%、P≤0.03%、S ≤0.03%、余量为Fe及不可避免的夹杂质。
所述20MnTiB合金钢的化学成分质量百分比为：C 0.19-0.23%、Si 0.25-0.35%、Mn1.35-1.55%、Ti 0.05-0.1%、B 0.002-0.003%、Cr 0.02-0.03%、Ni 0.01-0.02%、P≤0.02%、S≤0.015%、余量为Fe及不可避免的夹杂质。
本发明的有益效果：
本发明采用粉末锻造技术生产的叉车减震器活塞杆物理机械性能优异，不仅具有硬度大、抗拉强度高、屈服强度高、韧性好等特性，还具有优异的耐热性、化学稳定性、抗疲劳性、耐磨性和抗冲击性，且本发明方法锻件精度高，操作简单，劳动强度低，生产效率高，适合大批量生产。
具体实施方式
一种叉车减震器活塞杆的粉末锻造方法，包括以下步骤：
a、配料及混料
按照质量比17:11:8:4的比例称取38CrMoAl合金钢粉末、20MnTiB合金钢粉末、碳化钽粉末和二硅化钼粉末，准确称取粉重后，置于混料机内混合40min，至分布均匀；
上述38CrMoAl合金钢的化学成分质量百分比为：C 0.37-0.41%、Si 0.2-0.4%、Mn 0.4-0.6%、Cr 1.4-1.6%、Al 1.4-1.6%、Mo 0.15-0.25%、P≤0.03%、S ≤0.03%、余量为Fe及不可避免的夹杂质；
上述20MnTiB合金钢的化学成分质量百分比为：C 0.19-0.23%、Si 0.25-0.35%、Mn1.35-1.55%、Ti 0.05-0.1%、B 0.002-0.003%、Cr 0.02-0.03%、Ni 0.01-0.02%、P≤0.02%、S≤0.015%、余量为Fe及不可避免的夹杂质；
b、压制
将上述混合好的粉料加入压制机上压制成减震器活塞杆预成形坯，压制压力为8t/cm2；
c、烧结
将上述制得的减震器活塞杆预成形坯在通有保护气氛的烧结炉中进行烧结处理：首先在氮气保护气氛下升温至945℃，保温1.5h，再在氦气保护气氛下降温至660℃，保温0.5h，然后在氢气保护气氛下升温至890℃，保温1h,再在一氧化碳保护气氛下升温至1190℃，保温2h，再在真空状态下降温至950℃，保温1.5h；
d、锻造
将烧结处理后的减震器活塞杆预成形坯直接从烧结炉内送入压力机模具中进行锻造，出炉至锻压时间为4s，锻压力为7t/cm2，终锻温度为870℃；
e、热处理
将上述制得的锻件加热至1170℃，保温3h，再降温至860℃，保温1h，油冷淬火后加热至280℃，保温6h，随炉空冷，再加热至550℃，保温1.5h，盐水淬火后加热至390℃，保温5h，出炉空冷；
f、表面喷丸强化处理
采用0.05mm不锈钢弹丸，喷射距离为4.5cm，在0.8MPa压力下在锻件表面处理30min。
经检测，上述制得的减震器活塞杆材料的主要力学性能为：硬度56.1HRC，抗拉强度1074MPa，屈服强度958MPa，冲击韧性81.2 J/cm2，伸长率13.6%。
Claims (3)
1.一种叉车减震器活塞杆的粉末锻造方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
a、配料及混料
按照质量比13-19:8-14:5-9:3-6的比例称取38CrMoAl合金钢粉末、20MnTiB合金钢粉末、碳化钽粉末和二硅化钼粉末，准确称取粉重后，置于混料机内混合35-45min，至分布均匀；
b、压制
将上述混合好的粉料加入压制机上压制成减震器活塞杆预成形坯，压制压力为7-9t/cm2；
c、烧结
将上述制得的减震器活塞杆预成形坯在通有保护气氛的烧结炉中进行烧结处理：首先在氮气保护气氛下升温至880-960℃，保温1-2h，再在氦气保护气氛下降温至610-690℃，保温0.5-1h，然后在氢气保护气氛下升温至860-920℃，保温1-2h,再在一氧化碳保护气氛下升温至1170-1230℃，保温2-3h，再在真空状态下降温至930-970℃，保温1-2h；
d、锻造
将烧结处理后的减震器活塞杆预成形坯直接从烧结炉内送入压力机模具中进行锻造，出炉至锻压时间为3-5s，锻压力为5-8t/cm2，终锻温度为860-890℃；
e、热处理
将上述制得的锻件加热至1120-1180℃，保温2-3h，再降温至840-880℃，保温0.5-1h，油冷淬火后加热至250-300℃，保温5-7h，随炉空冷，再加热至510-570℃，保温1-2h，盐水淬火后加热至360-420℃，保温4-6h，出炉空冷；
f、表面喷丸强化处理
采用0.05mm不锈钢弹丸，喷射距离为3-6cm，在0.6-0.9MPa压力下在锻件表面处理25-45min。
2.根据权利要求1所述的叉车减震器活塞杆的粉末锻造方法，其特征在于，所述38CrMoAl合金钢的化学成分质量百分比为：C 0.37-0.41%、Si 0.2-0.4%、Mn 0.4-0.6%、Cr1.4-1.6%、Al 1.4-1.6%、Mo 0.15-0.25%、P≤0.03%、S ≤0.03%、余量为Fe及不可避免的夹杂质。
3.根据权利要求1所述的叉车减震器活塞杆的粉末锻造方法，其特征在于，所述20MnTiB合金钢的化学成分质量百分比为：C 0.19-0.23%、Si 0.25-0.35%、Mn 1.35-1.55%、Ti 0.05-0.1%、B 0.002-0.003%、Cr 0.02-0.03%、Ni 0.01-0.02%、P≤0.02%、S ≤0.015%、余量为Fe及不可避免的夹杂质。
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