CN105983692A - 一种叉车水泵壳体的粉末锻造方法 - Google Patents
一种叉车水泵壳体的粉末锻造方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种叉车水泵壳体的粉末锻造方法，其包括配料及混料、压制、烧结、锻造、热处理、表面喷丸强化处理等步骤。本发明叉车水泵壳体材料强度高，韧性好，硬度高，抗冲击，耐腐蚀，耐高低温。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种叉车水泵壳体的粉末锻造方法，属于粉末锻造技术领域。
背景技术
叉车水泵壳体是叉车发动机水泵的主要组成部分。在叉车发动机的缸体里，有多条供冷却水循环的水道，与置于汽车前部的散热器（俗称水箱）通过水管相连接，构成一个大的水循环系统，在发动机的上出水口，装有一个水泵，通过风扇皮带来带动，把发动机缸体水道内的热水泵出，把冷水泵入。在水泵的旁边还有一个节温器，汽车刚发动时（冷车）时，不打开，使冷却水不经过水箱，只在发动机内循环（俗称小循环），待发动机的温度达到95度以上时，就打开，发动机内的热水被泵入水箱，汽车前行时的冷风吹过水箱，带走热量。这就要求水泵壳体不仅具有优异的耐温性，还要具有优异的耐腐蚀性。
粉末锻造技术是常规的粉末冶金工艺和精密锻造有机结合而发展起来的一项颇具有市场竞争力的少、无切削金属加工方法, 以金属粉末为原料, 经过预成形压制, 在保护气氛中进行加热烧结及作为锻造毛坯, 然后在压力机上一次锻造成形和实现无飞边精密模锻, 获得了与普通模锻件相同密度、形状复杂的精密锻件。它既有粉末冶金成形性能较好的优点, 又发挥锻造变形有效地改变金属材料组织和性能作用的特点, 使粉末冶金和锻造工艺在生产上取得了新的突破, 特别适宜大批量生产高性能、形状复杂的结构零件, 因此具有广阔的应用前景。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种叉车水泵壳体的粉末锻造方法。
为实现上述目的，本发明采用的技术方案如下：
一种叉车水泵壳体的粉末锻造方法，包括以下步骤：
a、配料及混料
按照质量比5-7:3-6:2-3的比例称取A合金钢粉末、B合金钢粉末和C合金钢粉末，准确称取粉重后，置于混料机内混合20-25min，至分布均匀；
b、压制
将上述混合好的粉料加入压制机上压制成水泵壳体预成形坯，压制压力为6-7t/cm2；
c、烧结
将上述制得的水泵壳体预成形坯在通有保护气氛的烧结炉中进行烧结处理：首先在二氧化碳保护气氛下升温至925-965℃，保温1.5-2.5h，再在氮气保护气氛下降温至460-520℃，保温0.5-1h，然后在氩气保护气氛下升温至680-740℃，保温1-2h,再在一氧化碳保护气氛下升温至870-930℃，保温1-2h，再在氢气保护气氛升温至1050-1100℃，保温2-3h，最后在氩气保护气氛下降温至900-930℃，保温1-2h，；
d、锻造
将烧结处理后的水泵壳体预成形坯直接从烧结炉内送入压力机模具中进行锻造，出炉至锻压时间为3-6s，锻压力为8-10t/cm2，终锻温度为840-870℃；
e、热处理
将上述制得的锻件加热至1080-1140℃，保温2-3h，再降温至830-870℃，保温0.5-1h，再加热至960-1020℃，保温1-2h，水冷淬火后加热至490-530℃，保温2-3h，再降温至260-290℃，保温4-5h，随炉空冷，再加热至220-250℃，保温5-6h，再加热至540-580℃，保温2-3h，盐水淬火后加热至330-360℃，保温4-6h，油冷淬火后加热至420-470℃，保温3-5h，出炉空冷；
f、表面喷丸强化处理
采用0.05mm不锈钢弹丸，喷射距离为3-4cm，在0.5-0.7MPa压力下在锻件表面处理35-45min。
所述A合金钢的化学成分质量百分比为：C 0.15-0.25%、Si 0.3-0.5%、Cr 18-24%、Ni 2.2-3.6%、Mn 0.4-0.6%、Ti 0.5-0.8%、V 0.3-0.7%、Sn 0.2-0.4%、Ce 0.04-0.08%、P≤0.04%、S ≤0.03%、余量为Fe及不可避免的夹杂质。
所述B合金钢的化学成分质量百分比为：C 0.2-0.4%、Si 0.5-0.8%、Cr 6.4-7.2%、Mo 0.5-1.0%、Mn 0.4-0.6%、Co 0.3-0.5%、Ni 0.25-0.45%、Cd 0.1-0.2%、Ho 0.04-0.06%、Tm 0.03-0.05%、P≤0.02%、S ≤0.02%、余量为Fe及不可避免的夹杂质。
所述C合金钢的化学成分质量百分比为：C 0.6-0.9%、Si 0.2-0.4%、Mn 1.6-2.4%、V 0.8-1.4%、Zn 0.6-1.2%、Cr 0.5-0.8%、Bi 0.05-0.1%、La 0.06-0.09%、Yb 0.04-0.07%、Er 0.02-0.04、P≤0.015%、S ≤0.015%、余量为Fe及不可避免的夹杂质。
本发明的有益效果：
本发明采用粉末锻造技术制得的叉车水泵壳体材料综合性能优异，既具有A合金钢、B合金钢的耐高低温性和耐腐蚀性的优点，又具有C合金钢的强度高，韧性好，硬度高，抗冲击的优点，完全满足叉车水泵的工作要求，经久耐用，完全可靠。
具体实施方式
一种叉车水泵壳体的粉末锻造方法，包括以下步骤：
a、配料及混料
按照质量比6:4:3的比例称取A合金钢粉末、B合金钢粉末和C合金钢粉末，准确称取粉重后，置于混料机内混合22min，至分布均匀；
上述A合金钢的化学成分质量百分比为：C 0.15-0.25%、Si 0.3-0.5%、Cr 18-24%、Ni2.2-3.6%、Mn 0.4-0.6%、Ti 0.5-0.8%、V 0.3-0.7%、Sn 0.2-0.4%、Ce 0.04-0.08%、P≤0.04%、S ≤0.03%、余量为Fe及不可避免的夹杂质；
上述B合金钢的化学成分质量百分比为：C 0.2-0.4%、Si 0.5-0.8%、Cr 6.4-7.2%、Mo0.5-1.0%、Mn 0.4-0.6%、Co 0.3-0.5%、Ni 0.25-0.45%、Cd 0.1-0.2%、Ho 0.04-0.06%、Tm0.03-0.05%、P≤0.02%、S ≤0.02%、余量为Fe及不可避免的夹杂质；
上述C合金钢的化学成分质量百分比为：C 0.6-0.9%、Si 0.2-0.4%、Mn 1.6-2.4%、V0.8-1.4%、Zn 0.6-1.2%、Cr 0.5-0.8%、Bi 0.05-0.1%、La 0.06-0.09%、Yb 0.04-0.07%、Er0.02-0.04、P≤0.015%、S ≤0.015%、余量为Fe及不可避免的夹杂质；
b、压制
将上述混合好的粉料加入压制机上压制成水泵壳体预成形坯，压制压力为6t/cm2；
c、烧结
将上述制得的水泵壳体预成形坯在通有保护气氛的烧结炉中进行烧结处理：首先在二氧化碳保护气氛下升温至955℃，保温2.5h，再在氮气保护气氛下降温至490℃，保温0.5h，然后在氩气保护气氛下升温至720℃，保温1.5h,再在一氧化碳保护气氛下升温至910℃，保温1.5h，再在氢气保护气氛升温至1080℃，保温2.5h，最后在氩气保护气氛下降温至910℃，保温1h，；
d、锻造
将烧结处理后的水泵壳体预成形坯直接从烧结炉内送入压力机模具中进行锻造，出炉至锻压时间为4s，锻压力为9t/cm2，终锻温度为860℃；
e、热处理
将上述制得的锻件加热至1120℃，保温2.5h，再降温至840℃，保温0.5h，再加热至990℃，保温1.5h，水冷淬火后加热至510℃，保温2h，再降温至270℃，保温4h，随炉空冷，再加热至230℃，保温5h，再加热至560℃，保温2h，盐水淬火后加热至350℃，保温5h，油冷淬火后加热至440℃，保温4h，出炉空冷；
f、表面喷丸强化处理
采用0.05mm不锈钢弹丸，喷射距离为4cm，在0.6MPa压力下在锻件表面处理40min。
经检测，上述制得的水泵壳体材料的主要力学性能为：硬度55.2HRC，抗拉强度1083MPa，屈服强度981MPa，冲击韧性62.7 J/cm2，伸长率12.6%。
Claims (4)
1.一种叉车水泵壳体的粉末锻造方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
a、配料及混料
按照质量比5-7:3-6:2-3的比例称取A合金钢粉末、B合金钢粉末和C合金钢粉末，准确称取粉重后，置于混料机内混合20-25min，至分布均匀；
b、压制
将上述混合好的粉料加入压制机上压制成水泵壳体预成形坯，压制压力为6-7t/cm2；
c、烧结
将上述制得的水泵壳体预成形坯在通有保护气氛的烧结炉中进行烧结处理：首先在二氧化碳保护气氛下升温至925-965℃，保温1.5-2.5h，再在氮气保护气氛下降温至460-520℃，保温0.5-1h，然后在氩气保护气氛下升温至680-740℃，保温1-2h,再在一氧化碳保护气氛下升温至870-930℃，保温1-2h，再在氢气保护气氛升温至1050-1100℃，保温2-3h，最后在氩气保护气氛下降温至900-930℃，保温1-2h，；
d、锻造
将烧结处理后的水泵壳体预成形坯直接从烧结炉内送入压力机模具中进行锻造，出炉至锻压时间为3-6s，锻压力为8-10t/cm2，终锻温度为840-870℃；
e、热处理
将上述制得的锻件加热至1080-1140℃，保温2-3h，再降温至830-870℃，保温0.5-1h，再加热至960-1020℃，保温1-2h，水冷淬火后加热至490-530℃，保温2-3h，再降温至260-290℃，保温4-5h，随炉空冷，再加热至220-250℃，保温5-6h，再加热至540-580℃，保温2-3h，盐水淬火后加热至330-360℃，保温4-6h，油冷淬火后加热至420-470℃，保温3-5h，出炉空冷；
f、表面喷丸强化处理
采用0.05mm不锈钢弹丸，喷射距离为3-4cm，在0.5-0.7MPa压力下在锻件表面处理35-45min。
2.根据权利要求1所述的叉车水泵壳体的粉末锻造方法，其特征在于，所述A合金钢的化学成分质量百分比为：C 0.15-0.25%、Si 0.3-0.5%、Cr 18-24%、Ni 2.2-3.6%、Mn 0.4-0.6%、Ti 0.5-0.8%、V 0.3-0.7%、Sn 0.2-0.4%、Ce 0.04-0.08%、P≤0.04%、S ≤0.03%、余量为Fe及不可避免的夹杂质。
3.根据权利要求1所述的叉车水泵壳体的粉末锻造方法，其特征在于，所述B合金钢的化学成分质量百分比为：C 0.2-0.4%、Si 0.5-0.8%、Cr 6.4-7.2%、Mo 0.5-1.0%、Mn 0.4-0.6%、Co 0.3-0.5%、Ni 0.25-0.45%、Cd 0.1-0.2%、Ho 0.04-0.06%、Tm 0.03-0.05%、P≤0.02%、S ≤0.02%、余量为Fe及不可避免的夹杂质。
4.根据权利要求1所述的叉车水泵壳体的粉末锻造方法，其特征在于，所述C合金钢的化学成分质量百分比为：C 0.6-0.9%、Si 0.2-0.4%、Mn 1.6-2.4%、V 0.8-1.4%、Zn 0.6-1.2%、Cr 0.5-0.8%、Bi 0.05-0.1%、La 0.06-0.09%、Yb 0.04-0.07%、Er 0.02-0.04、P≤0.015%、S ≤0.015%、余量为Fe及不可避免的夹杂质。
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