CN105976872B - A kind of processing unit of fusion-fission hybrid reactor fusion target chamber product - Google Patents
A kind of processing unit of fusion-fission hybrid reactor fusion target chamber product Download PDFInfo
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- CN105976872B CN105976872B CN201610391644.7A CN201610391644A CN105976872B CN 105976872 B CN105976872 B CN 105976872B CN 201610391644 A CN201610391644 A CN 201610391644A CN 105976872 B CN105976872 B CN 105976872B
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- fusion
- unit
- roads
- target chamber
- hybrid reactor
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21B—FUSION REACTORS
- G21B1/00—Thermonuclear fusion reactors
- G21B1/01—Hybrid fission-fusion nuclear reactors
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21B—FUSION REACTORS
- G21B1/00—Thermonuclear fusion reactors
- G21B1/11—Details
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21B—FUSION REACTORS
- G21B1/00—Thermonuclear fusion reactors
- G21B1/11—Details
- G21B1/115—Tritium recovery
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
- Y02E30/10—Nuclear fusion reactors
Abstract
The invention provides a kind of processing unit of fusion-fission hybrid reactor fusion target chamber product, described device includes the units such as fusion target chamber, condensation gas-liquid separation, cryogenic absorption, melting bubbling, normal temperature absorption, metal reduction, palladium UF membrane, air accumulator, high temperature filtration moulding by casting.Remaining deuterium tritium is oxidized to water by introducing oxygen element in fusion target chamber, hybrid reactor fusion target chamber product component complexity and the indefinite problem of composition is avoided, simplifies processing source item and technological process.For gaseous state and solid product, using different treatment technologies, higher deuterium tritium fuel organic efficiency ensure that.In addition, in the fusion-fission hybrid reactor target chamber product processing device of the present invention, a large amount of Ar gas recycle, and have saved cost.Using the fusion-fission hybrid reactor target chamber product processing device of the present invention, the requirement of fusion-fission hybrid reactor tritium " self-holding " and safety, economy, environmental protection etc. can be disclosure satisfy that more than 95% to the rate of recovery of remaining deuterium tritium fuel.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to energy mix heap field, and in particular to a kind of place of fusion-fission hybrid reactor fusion target chamber product
Manage device.
Background technology
With the shortage of fossil fuel, and getting worse the problems such as environmental pollution, fusion energy resource gradually cause people
Attention.In the evolution of fusion energy resource, the fusion-fission energy mix heap of Z constrictions driving（Z-FFR）It is considered as
A kind of relative approach for being easier to realize.At present in Z-FFR design, the burnup of deuterium tritium fuel fusion is about 30%, with fusion
Power is 25MW, target practice frequency is that 0.1Hz is calculated, and daily remaining tritium is 7.06g, and these tritiums are with fusion reaction product and impurity
Fusion target chamber is discharged together.Because tritium has radioactivity, and it is price high scarce resource and strategic resource, from peace
Entirely, economic and environmental protection angle is set out, it is necessary to fusion target chamber product is handled, tritium therein is reclaimed.In addition, Z-FFR
Tritium breeding ratio TBR is about 1.15 in experimental reactor, in order to realize " self-holding " of tritium, it is also necessary to the recovery of tritium more than improving as much as possible
Rate.
At present for the research of deuterium tritium fusion reaction product treatment processes, magnetic confinement fusion reaction unit is concentrated mainly on
（That is Tokamak devices）Field.Because Z-FFR experimental reactors and Tokamak devices are in type of drive, fusion reaction room atmosphere, deuterium
Tritium fusion reaction mode etc. is all different, cause its fusion reaction product component and remaining tritium concentration, distribution form etc. with
Greatest differences be present in Tokamak, as in Tokamak ash discharge gas remaining deuterium tritium concentration be more than 80%, exist in gaseous form；
And remaining deuterium tritium concentration is only 10 in Z-FFR experimental reactor fusion target chamber products-7Hereinafter, and its existence form and indefinite.Therefore
The fusion target chamber product handling process route of Z-FFR experimental reactors has significant difference with Tokamak, for Tokamak ash discharge
Gas disposal method can not directly apply to Z-FFR, it is necessary to be developed newly according to the target chamber product of Z-FFR experimental reactors composition and feature
Technical method and device.
Research report related to fusion-fission hybrid reactor at present is more paid close attention to fission fuel recycle, and is related to fusion
The data of fuel recycle is seldom, and wherein Sandia laboratories refer to the processing of fusion target chamber product in the design report of 2006.
This report thinks that Z-FFR fusion target chambers product mainly includes Ar, He and DT, and wherein DT content is 37ppm.Due to product component
And it is uncomplicated, corresponding handling process is also relatively simple.First by a particular filter to remove RTL materials and pellet material
Material, is then cooled to 110 DEG C by air-flow, is enriched with DT through PRISM hollow-fibre membranes, afterwards at 400 DEG C or so by titanium sponge
Air-breathing bed absorbs, and removes air-breathing bed after saturation, in 700 DEG C of regeneration, the DT gases containing very small amount He is obtained, into the same position of hydrogen
Plain separative element.The tail gas of PRISM Middle hollow fiber membranes is the Ar gas for being practically free of DT, is returned directly to fusion reaction room.
The phase interaction of many kinds of substance such as RTL materials, pellet Shell Materials, aerosol and remaining DT is have ignored in this report
With, it is believed that can removes it from fusion target chamber product by way of filtering, and actual conditions are obviously really not so.Fusion
The high-energy that reaction is released can make a large amount of RTL materials gasify or ionize, the aerosol formed after cooling（Or solid granule）Tool
There is great surface area, remaining deuterium tritium fuel can be adsorbed on surface；In the state of gasification or ionization, some metal materials
（Target capsule of fusion Shell Materials or RTL materials）It is also possible to that chemisorption occurs with remaining deuterium tritium, is combined into deuterium tritide.
In addition, the high polymer material in target capsule of fusion shell may also be combined with remaining deuterium tritium, gas molecule is formed, and then by aerosol
Absorption.These effects can all influence the existence form of remaining deuterium tritium, in design hybrid reactor fusion target chamber product handling process and dress
It can not be ignored when putting.
The content of the invention
The invention solves a technical problem be to provide a kind of processing of fusion-fission hybrid reactor fusion target chamber product
Device.
The present invention fusion-fission hybrid reactor fusion target chamber product processing unit, mainly include fusion target chamber, condensation-
Gas-liquid separation unit, low temperature adsorption unit, melting-bubbling unit, normal temperature absorbing unit, metal reduction unit, palladium UF membrane list
Member, air accumulator, high temperature filtration-moulding by casting unit, after fusion reaction occurs in fusion target chamber, the product of generation be divided into A roads,
B roads, A roads are divided into A1 roads, A2 roads after entering condensation-gas-liquid separation unit, A1 roads enter after metal reduction unit with hydrogen isotope
Piece-rate system is connected, and A2 roads with waste gas by removing tritium system, fusion target chamber, metal reduction unit phase respectively after low temperature adsorption unit
Even；B roads are divided into B1 roads, B2 roads after entering melting-bubbling unit, and B1 roads are divided into B11 roads, B12 roads after normal temperature absorbing unit,
B11 roads enter metal reduction unit after be connected with hydrogen isotope separation system, B12 roads enter palladium film separation unit after respectively with hydrogen
Isotopic separation system, air accumulator are connected, and air accumulator is connected with melting-bubbling unit, B2 roads and high temperature filtration-moulding by casting list
Member is connected.
From oxidiferous metal material as recyclable transmission line in described fusion target chamber（RTL）, oxycompound
Metal material be CuO/Cu, SnO2/Sn、TiO2/Ti、Fe2O3One kind in/Fe.
The temperature range condensed in described condensation-gas-liquid separation unit is 0 DEG C ~ 5 DEG C.
The adsorbent filled in described low temperature adsorption unit is molecular sieve, one kind in silica gel, activated carbon, desorption temperature
Scope is -196 DEG C ~ 10 DEG C.
The temperature range of described melting-bubbling unit is 800 DEG C -1800 DEG C.
The adsorbent filled in described normal temperature absorbing unit is molecular sieve, one kind in silica gel, activated carbon, adsorption temp
Scope is 0 DEG C ~ 30 DEG C.
Metal in described metal reduction unit is one kind in U, Mg, Fe, Zn metal or Zr based alloys, reduction temperature
Scope is 400 DEG C ~ 550 DEG C.
Palladium film in described palladium film separation unit is Pd/Ag, Pd/Y, Pd/Ag/Au, Pd/Ag/Au/Y, Pd/Ag/Au/
One kind in the alloy films such as Ni, operating temperature range are 350 DEG C ~ 480 DEG C.
Gas in described air accumulator is H2/ Ar gaseous mixtures, wherein H2Volume fraction range be 1%-10%.
The temperature range of described high temperature filtration-moulding by casting unit high temperature filtering is 800 DEG C -1800 DEG C.
The fusion-fission hybrid reactor fusion target chamber product processing device of the present invention, it is oxygen-containing by being used in fusion target chamber
Mode of the metal material of compound as recyclable transmission line, remaining deuterium tritium fuel is oxidized to water, mixing is avoided and piles up
Become target chamber product component complexity and the indefinite problem of composition, the source item that product is handled is apparent from simply, so as to simplify
Corresponding processing technological flow.By the way of melting-bubbling, the deuterium tritium fuel adsorbed on aerosol or solid particle can be released
Put or cement out, ensure that higher deuterium tritium organic efficiency.In addition, in the fusion-fission hybrid reactor fusion target chamber of the present invention
In product processing device, a large amount of Ar gas can recycle as the carrier band gas of target chamber atmosphere gas or melting-bubbling unit, save
Cost.
Using the fusion-fission hybrid reactor fusion target chamber product processing device of the present invention, the recovery to remaining deuterium tritium fuel
Rate reaches more than 95%, disclosure satisfy that the requirement of fusion-fission hybrid reactor tritium " self-holding " and safety, economy, environmental protection etc..
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the processing unit schematic diagram of the fusion-fission hybrid reactor fusion target chamber product of the present invention.
Embodiment
Describe the present invention in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
All features disclosed in this specification, or disclosed all methods or during the step of, except mutually exclusive
Feature and/or step beyond, can combine in any way.
Any feature disclosed in this specification, unless specifically stated otherwise, can be equivalent by other or with similar purpose
Alternative features are replaced.I.e., unless specifically stated otherwise, each feature is an example in a series of equivalent or similar characteristics
.
The present invention fusion-fission hybrid reactor fusion target chamber product processing unit, mainly include fusion target chamber, condensation-
Gas-liquid separation unit, low temperature adsorption unit, melting-bubbling unit, normal temperature absorbing unit, metal reduction unit, palladium UF membrane list
Member, air accumulator, high temperature filtration-moulding by casting unit, after fusion reaction occurs in fusion target chamber, the product of generation be divided into A roads,
B roads, A roads are divided into A1 roads, A2 roads after entering condensation-gas-liquid separation unit, A1 roads enter after metal reduction unit with hydrogen isotope
Piece-rate system is connected, and A2 roads with waste gas by removing tritium system, fusion target chamber, metal reduction unit phase respectively after low temperature adsorption unit
Even；B roads are divided into B1 roads, B2 roads after entering melting-bubbling unit, and B1 roads are divided into B11 roads, B12 roads after normal temperature absorbing unit,
B11 roads enter metal reduction unit after be connected with hydrogen isotope separation system, B12 roads enter palladium film separation unit after respectively with hydrogen
Isotopic separation system, air accumulator are connected, and air accumulator is connected with melting-bubbling unit, B2 roads and high temperature filtration-moulding by casting list
Member is connected.
From oxidiferous metal material as recyclable transmission line in described fusion target chamber（RTL）, oxycompound
Metal material be CuO/Cu, SnO2/Sn、TiO2/Ti、Fe2O3One kind in/Fe.
The temperature range condensed in described condensation-gas-liquid separation unit is 0 DEG C ~ 5 DEG C.
The adsorbent filled in described low temperature adsorption unit is molecular sieve, one kind in silica gel, activated carbon, desorption temperature
Scope is -196 DEG C ~ 10 DEG C.
The temperature range of described melting-bubbling unit is 800 DEG C -1800 DEG C.
The adsorbent filled in described normal temperature absorbing unit is molecular sieve, one kind in silica gel, activated carbon, adsorption temp
Scope is 0 DEG C ~ 30 DEG C.
Metal in described metal reduction unit is one kind in U, Mg, Fe, Zn metal or Zr based alloys, reduction temperature
Scope is 400 DEG C ~ 550 DEG C.
Palladium film in described palladium film separation unit is Pd/Ag, Pd/Y, Pd/Ag/Au, Pd/Ag/Au/Y, Pd/Ag/Au/
One kind in the alloy films such as Ni, operating temperature range are 350 DEG C ~ 480 DEG C.
Gas in described air accumulator is H2/ Ar gaseous mixtures, wherein H2Volume fraction range be 1%-10%.
The temperature range of described high temperature filtration-moulding by casting unit high temperature filtering is 800 DEG C -1800 DEG C.
Embodiment 1
In embodiment 1, recyclable transmission line（RTL）Material selection CuO/Cu（Wherein CuO molar fraction is 1%）, fusion
Part RTL is gasified or ionized by high-energy caused by reaction, and remaining deuterium tritium fuel is oxidized to water by oxygen element therein.Fusion target
Room product is largely divided into A, B two-way, and A roads are gas, mainly comprising HDO steam, HTO steam, Ar, CO2, He etc.；B roads be by
The aerosol or solid powder that RTL materials are vaporized or are cooled into after ionizing.A roads enter cryogenic condensation-gas-liquid separation unit,
At 0 DEG C ~ 5 DEG C, HDO steam and HTO steam therein are condensed into liquid, obtain liquid I（That is A1 roads）, A1 roads enter metal also
Former unit；Ar, CO in A roads2, He and a small amount of HDO steam, HTO steam not being condensed turn into tail gas I（That is A2 roads）.A2
Road enters low temperature adsorption unit, and adsorbent uses 4A type molecular sieves, and at -196 DEG C, in addition to He, other components are adsorbed；
During adsorbent reactivation, desorption temperature is stepped up, Ar gas is obtained at -185 DEG C or so（Tail gas III）, make into the circulation of fusion target chamber
With；CO is obtained at -78 DEG C or so2, with He together as tail gas II, tritium system is removed into waste gas；Continue to raise temperature to 10 DEG C,
Obtain HDO, HTO（Liquid）, into metal reduction unit.
B roads are the aerosol or solid powder of fusion target chamber bottom collection, into melting-bubbling unit, are heated to 800 DEG C
~ 1800 DEG C make it be in molten condition, while are passed through H from air accumulator2Volume fraction is 1% ~ 10% H2/ Ar gaseous mixtures, absorption is existed
HDO, HTO on aerosol discharge or cemented out, and form B1 roads, B1 roads contain Ar, H2、HD、HT、H2O steam, HDO steam, HTO
Steam etc.（Gas I）, into normal temperature absorbing unit, operating temperature is 0 DEG C ~ 30 DEG C, and adsorbent is 5A type molecular sieves, in gas I
Ar, H2, HD, HT be not adsorbed, form B12 roads（Gas II）, into palladium film separation unit；H in gas I2O steam, HDO
Steam, HTO steam are adsorbed, and heating desorption obtains B11 roads, including H2O、HDO、HTO（Liquid III）.
Liquid I, liquid, liquid III enter metal reduction unit, at 400 DEG C ~ 550 DEG C, using metal Mg by HDO,
HTO、H2O is reduced to HD, HT, H2（Gas III）, into hydrogen isotope separation system.
Gas II enters palladium film separation unit, and using Pd/Ag alloy films, at 350 DEG C ~ 480 DEG C, obtained infiltration gas is
Hydrogen isotope simple substance HD, HT, H2（Gas IV）, into hydrogen isotope separation system；Obtained tail gas is Ar（Tail gas IV）, return
Recycled to air accumulator.
Using the fusion target chamber product of present apparatus processing fusion-fission hybrid reactor, the organic efficiency of remaining deuterium tritium can reach
95.8%。
In embodiment 1, the CuO/Cu as recyclable transmission wire material also can be replaced SnO2/Sn、TiO2/Ti、Fe2O3/
One kind in Fe.
In embodiment 1, the adsorbent of molecular sieve in low temperature adsorption unit and normal temperature absorbing unit also can be replaced silica gel or
Activated carbon.
In embodiment 1, the metal Mg in metal reduction unit also can be replaced one in U, Fe, Zn metal or Zr based alloys
Kind.
In embodiment 1, the Pd/Ag alloy films in palladium film separation unit also can be replaced Pd/Y, Pd/Ag/Au, Pd/Ag/
One kind in the alloy films such as Au/Y, Pd/Ag/Au/Ni.
The invention is not limited in foregoing embodiment.The present invention, which expands to, any in this manual to be disclosed
New feature or any new combination, and disclose any new method or process the step of or any new combination.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of processing unit of fusion-fission hybrid reactor fusion target chamber product, it is characterised in that described device includes fusion
Target chamber, condensation-gas-liquid separation unit, low temperature adsorption unit, melting-bubbling unit, normal temperature absorbing unit, metal reduction unit,
Palladium film separation unit, air accumulator, high temperature filtration-moulding by casting unit, after fusion reaction occurs in fusion target chamber, the production of generation
Thing is divided into A roads, B roads, and A roads are divided into A1 roads, A2 roads after entering condensation-gas-liquid separation unit, after A1 roads enter metal reduction unit
It is connected with hydrogen isotope separation system, A2 roads with waste gas by removing tritium system, fusion target chamber, metal respectively after low temperature adsorption unit
Reduction unit is connected；B roads are divided into B1 roads, B2 roads after entering melting-bubbling unit, and B1 roads are divided into after normal temperature absorbing unit
B11 roads, B12 roads, B11 roads are connected after entering metal reduction unit with hydrogen isotope separation system, and B12 roads enter palladium UF membrane list
It is connected respectively with hydrogen isotope separation system, air accumulator after member, air accumulator is connected with melting-bubbling unit, B2 roads and high temperature mistake
Filter-moulding by casting unit is connected；
From oxidiferous metal material as recyclable transmission line, oxidiferous metal material in described fusion target chamber
For CuO/Cu, SnO2/Sn、TiO2/Ti、Fe2O3One kind in/Fe；
Metal in described metal reduction unit is one kind in U, Mg, Fe, Zn metal or Zr based alloys, reduction temperature scope
For 400 DEG C ~ 550 DEG C；
Palladium film in described palladium film separation unit closes for Pd/Ag, Pd/Y, Pd/Ag/Au, Pd/Ag/Au/Y, Pd/Ag/Au/Ni
One kind in golden film, operating temperature range are 350 DEG C ~ 480 DEG C；
The temperature range of described high temperature filtration-moulding by casting unit high temperature filtering is 800 DEG C -1800 DEG C.
2. the processing unit of fusion-fission hybrid reactor fusion target chamber product according to claim 1, it is characterised in that institute
The temperature range condensed in the condensation-gas-liquid separation unit stated is 0 DEG C ~ 5 DEG C.
3. the processing unit of fusion-fission hybrid reactor fusion target chamber product according to claim 1, it is characterised in that institute
The adsorbent filled in the low temperature adsorption unit stated is one kind in molecular sieve, silica gel, activated carbon, and desorption temperature scope is -196
℃~10℃。
4. the processing unit of fusion-fission hybrid reactor fusion target chamber product according to claim 1, it is characterised in that institute
The temperature range of the melting stated-bubbling unit is 800 DEG C -1800 DEG C.
5. the processing unit of fusion-fission hybrid reactor fusion target chamber product according to claim 1, it is characterised in that institute
The adsorbent filled in the normal temperature absorbing unit stated is molecular sieve, silica gel, one kind in activated carbon, adsorption temp scope is 0 DEG C ~
30℃。
6. the processing unit of fusion-fission hybrid reactor fusion target chamber product according to claim 1, it is characterised in that institute
Gas in the air accumulator stated is H2/ Ar gaseous mixtures, wherein H2Volume fraction range be 1%-10%.
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| CN109935347B (en) * | 2019-03-06 | 2020-11-13 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Target ball inner wall protective layer connecting device |
| CN112331366B (en) * | 2020-11-21 | 2022-12-13 | 中国工程物理研究院材料研究所 | Deuterium-tritium fuel storage and supply demonstration system and application |
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| KR101036972B1 (en) * | 2010-02-19 | 2011-05-25 | 한국수력원자력 주식회사 | Movable apparatus for removing radioactive noble gases |
| IT1400531B1 (en) * | 2010-06-22 | 2013-06-11 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | PROCESS FOR THE DETRIFICATION OF SOFT HOUSEKEEPING WASTE AND RELATIVE PLANT |
| CN102358618B (en) * | 2011-07-04 | 2013-04-03 | 中国工程物理研究院核物理与化学研究所 | Gas-liquid exchange type liquid lithium lead alloy bubbler |
| KR20140132617A (en) * | 2013-05-08 | 2014-11-18 | 주식회사 디에스과학 | Portable apparatus for removing of radioactive noble gas |
| CN104167233A (en) * | 2014-06-16 | 2014-11-26 | 中国工程物理研究院核物理与化学研究所 | Tritium water collecting device |
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