CN105973856B - 一种用镧系荧光配合物检测及加速β淀粉样蛋白聚集的方法 - Google Patents
一种用镧系荧光配合物检测及加速β淀粉样蛋白聚集的方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种用镧系荧光配合物检测及加速β淀粉样蛋白聚集的方法,属于医药技术领域。该方法利用镧系荧光配合物检测Aβ聚集体,将咪唑并[1,2,a]吡啶衍生物作为天线基团与铕(III)‑DTPA发光中心偶联制得荧光配合物Eu‑L,天线基团能够与具有β‑折叠构象的Aβ疏水区氨基酸残基选择性结合,氨基酸的光诱导电子转移阻碍了天线基团到铕(III)的能量传递,导致Eu‑L荧光降低,利用荧光变化检测Aβ聚集体。该方法还利用镧系荧光配合物加速Aβ聚集,基于天线配体与Aβ聚集体的高亲和性,Eu‑L能够加速将Aβ寡聚体转化成纤维体,并利用自身荧光同步监测Aβ聚集过程,在AD诊疗方面具有很好的应用前景。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于医药技术领域,具体涉及一种用镧系荧光配合物检测及加速β淀粉样蛋白聚集的方法。
背景技术
阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimer’s disease,AD)是一种严重危及中老年人身心健康的进行性认知减退的中枢神经系统退行性疾病。AD主要的病理特征是β-淀粉样蛋白(Aβ)沉积所形成的老年斑(SP)、异常磷酸化的Tau蛋白聚集形成的神经纤维缠结(NFTs)以及大脑皮质和海马区神经元的丢失、变性或死亡,其中Aβ在各个特征病理形成过程中都发挥了重要作用,是AD发生发展过程中的肇始因素和中心环节。Aβ主要包含Aβ40和Aβ42,是淀粉样蛋白前体分别被β-和γ-分泌酶水解而产生的蛋白质片段,其聚集体,特别是寡聚体具有较强的神经毒性,可以引发脑神经细胞产生活性氧,导致氧化应激,并作用于钙离子通道,造成钙内流,使细胞凋亡,进一步造成海马和大脑皮层神经元变性与死亡,致使记忆功能障碍,最终引发AD。因此,Aβ聚集体通常被作为AD诊断与治疗的的生物标志物和药物靶标。
基于此,大量的具有Aβ靶向性的有机小分子、金属配合物以及多肽类衍生物被设计合成并应用于AD的诊断和治疗。但是绝大多数化合物仍存在毒副作用大、安全窗窄、血脑屏障穿透性差等缺陷。更关键的是,由于它们多为单一功能的诊断或治疗药物,容易因延误治疗或治疗时机不佳造成无效药物治疗。镧系荧光配合物由于大的斯托克位移、长的荧光寿命以及发射峰形较窄的等光学优势在生物和医学检测方面具有广泛的应用。但是目前还没发现其用于检测与加速Aβ聚集并以此开发AD诊疗剂的应用。
发明内容
有鉴于此,本发明要解决的技术问题在于提供一种用镧系荧光配合物检测及加速Aβ聚集的方法。该方法不仅能够加速Aβ寡聚体聚集形成纤维体并降低聚集体神经毒性,还可以通过镧系荧光跟踪监测Aβ聚集过程,为AD诊疗剂的开发提供有益信息。
为实现本发明目的,本发明将以DTPA为螯合基团的镧系发光中心与咪唑并[1,2,a]吡啶衍生物偶联获得镧系荧光配合物,利用咪唑并[1,2,a]吡啶衍生物与Aβ聚集体的高亲和性以及高的能量传递效率,选择性地与含β-折叠构象Aβ聚集体结合并使其加速转化成纤维体,同时镧系荧光配合物对β-折叠构象Aβ聚集体具有灵敏地荧光响应,利用荧光变化跟踪监测Aβ聚集,从而不仅能降低Aβ聚集体毒性,还可以定性或定量监测Aβ聚集程度的变化。
本发明首先提供一种用镧系荧光配合物检测Aβ聚集体的方法,该方法包括:
步骤一:合成镧系荧光配合物;
步骤二:将Aβ样品加入到缓冲溶液中,在37℃分别孵育0、4和7天制备Aβ单体、寡聚体以及纤维体溶液;
步骤三:在步骤二制得的溶液中分别加入Eu-L,利用时间分辨荧光检测方法检测Eu-L的荧光响应。
优选的是,所述的镧系荧光配合物以二乙基三胺五乙酸(DTPA)偶联咪唑并[1,2,a]吡啶衍生物作为配体,并以铕(III)作为镧系金属离子形成铕(III)荧光配合物Eu-L,结构式如附图1所示。铕(III)荧光具有荧光寿命长以及发光波长较长(红光)等优势。
优选的是,所述的缓冲溶液为20mM Tris-HCl,150mM NaCl,pH 7.4。
优选的是,所述的时间分辨荧光检测参数设置为:延迟时间为50μs;检测时间为2.0ms;激发与发射狭缝宽度均为18nm;检测电压为950V。
本发明还提供一种用镧系荧光配合物加速Aβ聚集的方法,该方法包括:
步骤一:合成镧系荧光配合物;
步骤二:将不同浓度的Eu-L分别与Aβ单体样品在缓冲溶液中37℃共同孵育7天加速Aβ聚集;
步骤三:利用时间分辨荧光检测方法跟踪监测Aβ聚集加速。
优选的是,所述的镧系荧光配合物以二乙基三胺五乙酸(DTPA)偶联咪唑并[1,2,a]吡啶衍生物作为配体,并以铕(III)作为镧系金属离子形成铕(III)荧光配合物Eu-L,结构式如附图1所示。铕(III)荧光具有荧光寿命长以及发光波长较长(红光)等优势。
优选的是,所述的缓冲溶液为20mM Tris-HCl,150mM NaCl,pH 7.4。
优选的是,所述的时间分辨荧光检测参数设置为:延迟时间为50μs;检测时间为2.0ms;激发与发射狭缝宽度均为18nm;检测电压为950V。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有以下有益效果:
本发明首先提供一种用镧系荧光配合物检测Aβ聚集体的方法,该方法利用含有咪唑并[1,2,a]吡啶衍生物的铕(III)荧光配合物Eu-L识别检测具有β-折叠构象的Aβ聚集体。咪唑并[1,2,a]吡啶基团能够与具有β-折叠构象的Aβ疏水区氨基酸残基通过氢键和π-π堆积作用选择性结合,它们之间的光诱导电子转移阻碍了咪唑并[1,2,a]吡啶基团到铕(III)金属中心的能量传递效率,最终造成了Eu-L荧光的淬灭。实验结果表明,Eu-L对含β-折叠构象的Aβ聚集体具有选择性荧光降低,并随聚集体浓度增大荧光降低越显著,能够利用荧光变化定性或定量检测Aβ聚集体。考虑到时间分辨荧光的高信噪比,Eu-L具有较好的检测和诊断AD的潜力。
本发明还提供一种用镧系荧光配合物加速Aβ聚集的方法,将Eu-L与Aβ单体共同孵化,通过比浊度和ThT荧光检测Aβ聚集程度,实验结果显示,Eu-L能够加速将Aβ寡聚体转化成纤维体,而且Eu-L浓度越大,加速效果越明显。利用透射电镜进行形貌观察可以发现,相比于Aβ自聚集,Eu-L存在下能清楚地观察到更多的Aβ纤维体。以上实验结果表明,Eu-L能够加速Aβ聚集形成纤维体。更为重要的是,Eu-L的荧光由于Aβ聚集程度的增加而出现了同步的降低。因此,本发明提供的镧系荧光配合物在检测与加速Aβ聚集方面具有很好的效果。本发明提供的镧系荧光配合物具有较好的AD诊疗应用前景。
附图说明
图1为实施例镧系荧光配合物Eu-L结构式;
图2为实施例Eu-L与不同浓度Aβ40纤维体的时间分辨荧光光谱图;
图3为实施例Eu-L对不同浓度的Aβ40单体、寡聚体以及纤维体荧光响应图;
图4为实施例Aβ40纤维体存在下Eu-L的615nm处荧光强度随作用时间变化图;
图5为实施例Eu-L对不同生物大分子(谷胱甘肽(GSH)、小牛胸腺DNA(CT-DNA)、Tau蛋白、牛血清白蛋白(BSA)和Aβ40纤维体)的荧光响应选择性图;
图6为实施例不同浓度Eu-L对Aβ40聚集的加速作用的比浊度(A405)检测图(A)和硫磺素T(ThT)荧光检测图(B);
图7为实施例Eu-L对Aβ40聚集影响的透射电镜图;
图8为实施例Eu-L荧光跟踪监测Aβ40加速聚集的比浊度(A405)和荧光强度(615nm)随孵育时间变化图。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例及实施例中的附图对本发明进行更好的说明。
实施例一:镧系荧光配合物检测Aβ聚集体:
步骤一:合成优选镧系荧光配合物Eu-L,合成路线图如下所示。
称取2-氨基吡啶(0.376g,4mmol)和α-溴代对硝基苯乙酮(0.486g,2mmol),溶于20mL乙腈溶液中,搅拌,80℃回流3h,血红色溶液中出现大量橘黄色沉淀,抽滤,用乙腈洗,收集沉淀,干燥得橘黄色固体(0.520g产率:90%)。1H NMR(CDCl3,500MHz,δ,ppm):6.90(t,1H,imidazo[1,2,a]pyridine),7.30(t,1H,imidazo[1,2,a]pyridine),7.73(d,1H,imidazo[1,2,a]pyridine),8.01(s,1H,imidazo[1,2,a]pyridine),8.15(d,2H,phenyl),8.18(d,1H,imidazo[1,2,a]pyridine),8.30(d,2H,phenyl)。ESI-MS found(calcd)forC13H9N3O2(m/z):239.07(239.23)[M+H]+。
称取化合物1(0.120g,0.5mmol)放于25mL圆底烧瓶中,加入1~2mL[bmin][BF4]离子液体,可以看到1并不溶于离子液体,超声15min,使之均匀,呈现橘黄色粘稠液。再加入SnCl2·2H2O(0.564g,2.5mmol),继续超声,过夜,变为淡黄色粘稠溶液。加200mL的水,加饱和Na2CO3水溶液,使PH值为8~9,用乙醚萃取,分液,取上层乙醚溶液,用无水硫酸钠干燥,抽滤后旋干母液,得到淡黄色固体(0.065g产率:54%)。1H NMR(DMSO-d6,500MHz,δ,ppm):6.68(d,2H,phenyl),6.89(t,1H,imidazo[1,2,a]pyridine),7.23(t,1H,imidazo[1,2,a]pyridine),7.53(d,1H,imidazo[1,2,a]pyridine),7.67(d,2H,phenyl),8.17(s,1H,imidazo[1,2,a]pyridine),8.50(d,1H,imidazo[1,2,a]pyridine)。ESI-MS found(calcd)for C13H11N3(m/z):209.10(209.25)[M+H]+。
称取化合物2(0.167g,0.8mmol)溶于6mL的DMF溶液(无水处理),在N2保护,冰浴(0℃)下,滴加1mL三乙胺(无水处理),加完,继续滴加二乙基三胺五乙酸双酐(DTPAA)(0.146g,0.4mmol)的8mL DMF溶液,滴加完毕,去冰浴,室温搅拌3~5h。往反应液中加10mL水,淬灭反应,把母液旋蒸至1mL左右,逐滴加入到50mL的丙酮溶液中,有白色沉淀析出,收集沉淀,再拿氯仿,乙醚各洗三次,真空干燥,得白色固体(0.145g产率:46%)。1H NMR(DMSO-d6,500MHz,δ,ppm):2.54(t,6H,NCH2CH2N),2.98(t,8H,NCH2CH2N),3.44(s,4H,NCH2COOH),6.86(t,2H,imidazo[1,2,a]pyridine),7.21(t,2H,imidazo[1,2,a]pyridine),7.54(d,2H,imidazo[1,2,a]pyridine),7.76(t,4H,phenyl),7.86(t,4H,phenyl),8.26(s,2H,imidazo[1,2,a]pyridine),8.46(d,2H,imidazo[1,2,a]pyridine)。ESI-MS found(calcd)for C40H41N9O8(m/z):775.31(775.81)[M+H]+。
称取L-3H(0.155g,0.2mmol)溶于10mL H2O中,用NaOH的水溶液(5M)调节反应液pH至6。Eu(NO3)3·6H2O(0.0892g,0.2mmol)的水溶液5mL,在搅拌下缓慢加入到反应体系中,同时用NaOH的水溶液调节使反应液pH维持在6左右。反应液在45℃下过夜,有少量沉淀生成,抽滤,水洗,收集固体,真空干燥,得白色粉末(0.07g产率:38%)。ESI-MS found(calcd)forC40H40EuN9O10(m/z):925.21(942.75)[M-H2O+Na]+。
步骤二:将购买的Aβ40冻干样品(2.0mg)溶解于NaOH(500μL,20mM),然后水浴超声处理30s。将此溶液用500μL去离子水稀释后超声处理30s,然后用0.5M HCl调节pH至约7.4,最后用0.22μm滤器(Millipore)过滤,紧接着用BCA Protein Assay Kit(Pierce)测定Aβ40储备液的浓度。取标定后的Aβ40加入到缓冲溶液中(20mM Tris-HCl,150mMNaCl,pH7.4),在37℃分别孵育0、4和7天制备Aβ40单体、寡聚体以及纤维体溶液。
步骤三:在步骤二制得的溶液中分别加入Eu-L,利用时间分辨荧光检测方法检测Eu-L对Aβ样品的荧光响应。
图1为实施例一步骤一合成的Eu-L结构式图,从图可以看出,Eu-L由DTPA为螯合配体的铕(III)配位中心与Aβ的靶向识别基团(咪唑并[1,2,a]吡啶衍生物)相连接。
图2为实施例一Eu-L与不同浓度Aβ40纤维体的时间分辨荧光光谱图。Eu-L的荧光发射峰集中在595、615和655nm处分别对应的是铕激发态5D0-7F1,5D0-7F2和5D0-7F4的电子转移。随着Aβ40纤维浓度的增大Eu-L的荧光强度出现了明显的降低。说明Eu-L能够通过时间分辨荧光识别Aβ40纤维体。
图3为实施例一Eu-L对不同浓度的Aβ40单体、寡聚体以及纤维体荧光响应图。通过检测Eu-L在615nm处的荧光强度发现,Eu-L对Aβ40单体的荧光响应较弱。相比而言,Aβ40寡聚体和纤维体都能明显降低Eu-L荧光强度,其中纤维的淬灭能力更强。由于Aβ寡聚体和纤维体都含有β-折叠构型,且纤维体中的β-折叠构型含量更大,所以Eu-L对含有β-折叠构型的Aβ聚集体具有更好的荧光响应能力。
图4为实施例一Aβ40纤维体存在下Eu-L的615nm处荧光强度随作用时间变化图。随着反应时间的增长,Eu-L的荧光强度有较大幅度的降低,但到了100s之后,荧光下降变得平缓并趋于稳定。实验结果表明,Eu-L在非常短的时间内就达到了对Aβ40的荧光响应平衡。因此Eu-L能够快速、灵敏地识别Aβ40纤维,适合用于对Aβ聚集的跟踪监测。
图5为实施例一Eu-L对不同生物大分子(GSH、CT-DNA、Tau、BSA和Aβ40纤维体)的荧光响应选择性图。可以发现,在相同的浓度条件下,Eu-L除了对Aβ40有不错的荧光淬灭外,对其它多肽、蛋白以及DNA几乎没有任何荧光响应。这说明了Eu-L对Aβ40的荧光识别具有高的选择性,并为Eu-L在生物复杂体系中的应用提供了可能。
实施例二:镧系荧光配合物加速Aβ聚集:
步骤一:合成优选镧系荧光配合物Eu-L,合成方法与实施例一步骤一相同。
步骤二:将不同浓度的Eu-L(0、5、20以及40μM)分别与Aβ单体样品在缓冲溶液中37℃共同孵育7天加速Aβ聚集。
步骤三:利用Eu-L时间分辨荧光检测方法跟踪监测Aβ聚集加速。
图6为实施例二不同浓度Eu-L对Aβ40聚集的加速作用的比浊度(A405)检测图(A)和硫磺素T(ThT)荧光检测图(B)。实验结果表明,Aβ40自聚集在前4天内主要是处在聚集的停滞期(成核期),4天后进入伸长期。在加入Eu-L(最终浓度分别为5、20和40μM)共孵化后,与Aβ40自聚集相比,反应液在405nm处的吸收强度即比浊度都有增强,而且随着Eu-L浓度的增加,比浊度的增强更为明显,速率更快。尤其当浓度达到40μM时,Eu-L能够短时间内使Aβ聚集进入快速聚集的伸长期并基本达到稳定。这说明Eu-L具有加速Aβ40聚集的能力。
图7为实施例二Eu-L对Aβ40聚集影响的透射电镜图。对于Aβ自聚集1、4和7天,能观察到Aβ聚集程度不断增强。当Eu-L与Aβ共孵化后,不同的孵育时间下的Aβ聚集程度都有显著的提高。这个实验结果从形貌方面进一步证实了Eu-L有较强的加速Aβ聚集的能力。
图8为实施例二Eu-L荧光跟踪监测Aβ40加速聚集的比浊度(A405)和荧光强度(615nm)随孵育时间变化图。向Aβ40单体中加入Eu-L之后,随着反应的进行,Eu-L在615nm处的荧光强度逐渐降低,同时可以观察到在405nm处的吸光度(反应液的比浊度)随之同步增加。这是由于Eu-L促进Aβ40聚集之后,含β-折叠构型的Aβ40聚集体的含量不断增加,Eu-L的荧光也会随着Aβ40的不断聚集而淬灭。因此,Eu-L可以通过自身的荧光监测Aβ40聚集的过程。
从上述实施例可以看出,本发明提供的镧系荧光配合物能够检测及加速Aβ40聚集。咪唑并[1,2,a]吡啶衍生物作为Eu-L的天线基团起到了关键作用。通过咪唑并[1,2,a]吡啶衍生物基团,Eu-L可与含β-折叠构象的Aβ疏水区氨基酸残基结合,所形成的加合物能够作为晶核加速Aβ聚集,同时Aβ疏水区的芳香氨基酸残基与Eu-L天线基团之间的光诱导电子转移降低了天线基团到Eu(III)的能量转移,从而降低了Eu-L的荧光强度。
上述说明并非对本发明的限制,本发明也并不限于上述举例。本技术领域的普通技术人员在本发明的实质范围内,作出的变化、改型、添加或替换,也应属于本发明的保护范围。
Claims (8)
1.一种用镧系荧光配合物检测β淀粉样蛋白聚集体的方法,其特征在于,该方法包括:
步骤一:合成如下结构的镧系荧光配合物:
步骤二:将β淀粉样蛋白样品加入到缓冲溶液中,在37℃分别孵育0、4和7天制备β淀粉样蛋白单体、寡聚体以及纤维体溶液;
步骤三:在步骤二制得的溶液中分别加入步骤一制得的镧系荧光配合物,利用时间分辨荧光检测方法检测镧系荧光配合物的荧光响应。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种用镧系荧光配合物检测β淀粉样蛋白聚集体的方法,其特征在于,所述的镧系荧光配合物以二乙基三胺五乙酸(DTPA)偶联咪唑并[1,2,a]吡啶衍生物作为配体,并以铕(III)作为镧系金属离子形成铕(III)荧光配合物。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种用镧系荧光配合物检测β淀粉样蛋白聚集体的方法,其特征在于,所述的缓冲溶液为20mM Tris-HCl,150mM NaCl,pH 7.4。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种用镧系荧光配合物检测β淀粉样蛋白聚集体的方法,其特征在于,所述的时间分辨荧光检测参数设置为:延迟时间为50μs;检测时间为2.0ms;激发与发射狭缝宽度均为18nm;检测电压为950V。
5.一种用镧系荧光配合物加速β淀粉样蛋白聚集的方法,其特征在于,该方法包括:
步骤一:合成如下结构的镧系荧光配合物:
步骤二:将不同浓度的步骤一制得的镧系荧光配合物分别与β淀粉样蛋白单体样品在缓冲溶液中37℃共同孵育7天加速β淀粉样蛋白聚集;
步骤三:利用时间分辨荧光检测方法跟踪监测β淀粉样蛋白聚集加速。
6.根据权利要求5所述的一种用镧系荧光配合物加速β淀粉样蛋白聚集的方法,其特征在于,所述的镧系荧光配合物以二乙基三胺五乙酸(DTPA)偶联咪唑并[1,2,a]吡啶衍生物作为配体,并以铕(III)作为镧系金属离子形成铕(III)荧光配合物。
7.根据权利要求5所述的一种用镧系荧光配合物加速β淀粉样蛋白聚集的方法,其特征在于,所述的缓冲溶液为20mM Tris-HCl,150mM NaCl,pH 7.4。
8.根据权利要求5所述的一种用镧系荧光配合物加速β淀粉样蛋白聚集的方法,其特征在于,所述的时间分辨荧光检测参数设置为:延迟时间为50μs;检测时间为2.0ms;激发与发射狭缝宽度均为18nm;检测电压为950V。
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