CN105970528B - 一种海藻纤维染色工艺 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种海藻纤维染色工艺,包括下列步骤:(1)高温真空蒸布;(2)冷轧堆低温染色;(3)平幅水洗定型。本发明的染色工艺用于新材料海藻纤维的染色,解决了行业中海藻纤维染色的技术难题,染色效果好,失重率低。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种新的纺织材料海藻纤维的染色工艺,属于纺织制造业的染整技术领域。
背景技术
海藻纤维是人造纤维的一种,指从海洋中一些棕色藻类植物中提取得到的海藻酸为原料制得的纤维。海藻纤维是采用天然海藻中所提取的物质纺丝加工而成,由于原料来自天然海藻,纤维具有良好的生物相容性、可降解吸收性、生物相容性等特殊功能。海藻纤维的主要价值在于海草成分,它可以有效提高吸湿性能,在纤维中可以通过与皮肤的接触发挥吸湿性能,积极释放海藻成分,令穿着者的皮肤吸收海藻释放的维生素和矿物质。这种纤维包含钙和镁等主要的矿物质,维生素包括维他命A、E、C等。在化妆品的研究中,显示出海草成份具有的矿物质和维他命A、E、C对皮肤有自然的益处,而且不会让人有过敏的反应。海藻纤维在内衣上的应用充分体现了海藻纤维能反射远红外线,产生负离子保暖和保健作用的特性。
海藻纤维-各国研究
德国Alceru Schwarza公司生产的SeaCell海藻纤维,是利用海草内含有之碳水化合物、蛋白质(氨基酸)、脂肪、纤维素和丰富矿物质的优点所开发出的纤维,这种纤维的制法是以lyocell纤维的生产制造程序为基础,在纺丝溶液中加入研磨得很细的海藻粉末或悬浮物予以抽丝而成。这些海藻主要来自于棕、红、绿和篮藻类,尤其是棕藻类及红藻类是最佳海藻纤维的原材料。
意大利Zegna Baruffa Lane Borgosesia纺丝公司也推出一种名为Thalassa的长丝,丝中含有海藻成份,用这种纤维制成的面料和服装比一般纤维制成的面料和服装更能保持和提高人体表面温度。这种含有海藻成份的面料穿着后可以让人的大脑松弛,也可以提高穿着者的注意力与记忆力,还具有抗过敏、减轻疲劳及改善失眠状况。
日本一家特种纤维公司是世界首家实现海藻纤维大批量生产的厂家,其工艺属领先地位。这家公司从1993年起在本国销售海藻纤维毛巾,自2000年在韩国销售海藻纤维内衣,目前已扩大到欧洲和东南亚等国家。海藻纤维在内衣上的应用充分体现了海藻纤维能反射远红外线,产生负离子保暖和保健作用的特性。海藻纤维还具有吸收性,它可以吸收20倍于自己体积的液体,所以可以使伤口减少微生物孽生及其所可能产生的异味。
中国青岛大学的夏延致教授团队在海藻纤维方面也有很深的研究,主要成果有:公开了一种壳聚糖接枝海藻纤维及其制备方法与用途的专利,这种纤维由于表面包复一定的壳聚糖,因而具有良好的吸湿性和抗菌性,且无毒、无害、安全性高及生物可降解性,在医药、环保等领域均有良好的应用前景,作为止血治疗的新型材料,尤其适合于制造纱布作伤口敷料用。纤维强度:1.5d~2.5d。断裂伸长率:4%~10%。断裂强度:1.8g/d~3.1g/d。
综上所述,关于海藻纤维制备的研究和报道比较多,对海藻纤维进行染色的研究和报道相对来说比较少。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是:提供一种新的纺织材料海藻纤维的染色工艺。
申请人自2014年12月始开始试染海藻纤维,虽经化验室和中样缸多次打样实验,但由于对海藻纤维这种新材料的染色经验不足,不了解海藻纤维不耐高温的属性,在染色皂洗过程中,按染棉温度(90摄氏度)操作,使成品面料内海藻纤维丢失,染色不成功。
2015年主要采用以下4种染料工艺继续进行海藻纤维试染:
(1)阳离子染料
使用染料:阳离子红、阳离子黄、阳离子蓝
助剂:冰醋酸0.5g/l
染色温度:80摄氏度
染色结果:阳离子蓝的上色率在10%左右,但阳离子红和阳离子黄只是粘在面料表面,面料失重率在15%左右。
(2)酸性染料
使用染料:酸性红、酸性黄、酸性蓝
助剂:冰醋酸0.3g/l
染色温度:80摄氏度
染色结果:酸性红、酸性黄、酸性蓝三种染料均只是粘在面料表面,面料失重率在5%左右。
(3)活性染料
使用染料:活性红、活性黄、活性蓝
助剂1:氯化钙1g/l
染色温度:60摄氏度
染色结果1:活性红、活性黄、活性蓝三种染料均只是粘在面料表面,面料失重率在5%左右。
助剂2:元明粉15g/l 纯碱10g/l
染色结果:活性红、活性黄、活性蓝三种染料上染率均达到40%左右,面料失重率在38%。
(4)直接染料
使用染料:直接红、直接黄、直接蓝
助剂:食盐10g/l
染色温度:80摄氏度
染色结果:莫代尔上色,但海藻不上色,布面呈现花灰效果,且海藻微溶,在布面形成色斑;在加入10g/l食盐的基础上,失重率在40%左右。
经上述4种工艺染出的面料成品效果并不理想,故又试验了如下3种染色方案:
(1)使用与芳纶染色相同的载体进行染色试验,不成功;
(2)采用丝光法处理纤维,视图改善纤维性能,以提高纤维上色率和色牢度,丝光波密度从8逐步降低到2,上色率和布面效果有所改善,但海藻纤维丢失;
(3)采用煮漂长车漂后染色,试图总价布面艳度,减少布面毛羽,但海藻纤维依然丢失。
经过以上无数次试验,染色前处理必须用到助剂酸碱盐除掉布面杂质异污,发现酸碱盐能溶解海藻纤维并发生反应,导致海藻纤维溶解。
如果染色前处理不用到助剂酸碱盐除掉布面杂质异污,面料就不能上色,最后经采用高温真空蒸布提高纤维毛效,然后经过冷轧堆低温染色,及染色后平幅水洗定型,等工艺解决一系列染色问题,得以成功。
具体的,本发明采用的技术方案是:
(1)高温真空蒸布;
(2)冷轧堆低温染色;
(3)平幅水洗定型。
步骤(1)高温真空蒸布的具体步骤是:将海藻纤维放入蒸锅,对蒸锅抽真空,待真空度达到1.5个大气压后,往蒸锅中输入100℃的蒸汽,然后维持30-60min,蒸布结束后,将海藻纤维冷却到常温。
步骤(2)冷轧堆低温染色的具体步骤是:对步骤(1)冷却到常温的海藻纤维进行前期处理,用20-50℃的温水配置质量分数为0.5-2%的精炼剂溶液,将海藻纤维放入20-50℃的精炼剂溶液中浸泡10-20min;
配制染料溶液,染料和水的重量比是1:10-20;将海藻纤维放入染料溶液进行染色,染料溶液的重量占海藻纤维和染料溶液总重量的5-10%,温度20-50℃,染料溶液的pH=7.0,染色的压力是2-3个大气压,染色时间1-2秒。
步骤(3)平幅水洗定型的具体步骤是:将步骤(2)染色完的海藻纤维堆置12h,用20-50℃水清洗20-30min,然后用烘干机进行烘干,50℃烘干5秒,然后100℃烘干1-2秒,烘干机型号是立信门富式。
本发明的有益效果:
本发明的染色工艺用于新材料海藻纤维的染色,解决了行业中海藻纤维染色的技术难题,染色效果好,失重率低于10%。
具体实施方式
实施例1
本实施例提供的海藻纤维的染色工艺包括下列步骤:
将海藻纤维放入蒸锅,对蒸锅抽真空,待真空度达到1.5个大气压后,往蒸锅中输入100℃的蒸汽,然后维持60min,蒸布结束后,将海藻纤维冷却到常温。
对冷却到常温的海藻纤维进行前期处理,用50℃的温水配置质量分数为2%的精炼剂溶液,将海藻纤维放入50℃的精炼剂溶液中浸泡20min;
配制染料溶液,染料和水的重量比是1:20;将海藻纤维放入染料溶液进行染色,染料溶液的重量占海藻纤维和染料溶液总重量的10%,温度50℃,染料溶液的pH=7.0,染色的压力是3个大气压,染色时间1秒。
将染色完的海藻纤维堆置12h,用50℃水清洗30min,然后用烘干机进行烘干,50℃烘干5秒,然后100℃烘干2秒,烘干机型号是立信门富式。
实施例2对染色后的海藻纤维进行鉴定,得到的相关性能参数如下:
项目序号 | 检测项目名称 | 现有标准值 | 白色 | 肉红色 |
1 | 抗菌性能 AAA 73023 | |||
大肠杆菌 | ≥70 | 95.4 | 93 | |
金黄色葡萄球菌 | ≥80 | 88.5 | 95.8 | |
白色念珠菌 | ≥60 | 75.9 | 88.2 | |
2 | 可分解芳香胺燃料 | ≤20 | 未检出 | 未检出 |
3 | 甲醛 | ≤20 | 未检出 | 未检出 |
4 | pH | 4.0-8.5 | 8.3 | 5.9 |
5 | 耐皂洗色牢度A1S、73024 | |||
变色 | ≥3-4 | 7 | 6 | |
毛沾色 | ≥3-4 | 7 | 6 | |
腈沾色 | ≥3-4 | 7 | 6 | |
涤沾色 | ≥3-4 | 7 | 6 | |
锦沾色 | ≥3-4 | 7 | 6 | |
棉沾色 | ≥3-4 | 7 | 6 | |
醋纤沾色 | ≥3-4 | 7 | 6 | |
6 | 耐酸汗渍色牢度73024 | |||
变色 | ≥3-4 | 8 | 7 | |
毛沾色 | ≥3 | 8 | 7 | |
腈沾色 | ≥3 | 8 | 7 | |
涤沾色 | ≥3 | 8 | 7 | |
锦沾色 | ≥3 | 8 | 7 | |
棉沾色 | ≥3 | 8 | 7 | |
醋纤沾色 | ≥3 | 8 | 7 | |
7 | 耐碱汗渍色牢度73024 | 8 | 7 | |
变色 | ≥3-4 | 8 | 7 | |
毛沾色 | ≥3 | 8 | 7 | |
腈沾色 | ≥3 | 8 | 7 | |
涤沾色 | ≥3 | 8 | 7 | |
锦沾色 | ≥3 | 8 | 7 | |
棉沾色 | ≥3 | 8 | 7 | |
醋纤沾色 | ≥3 | 8 | 7 | |
8 | 耐摩擦色牢度73024 | |||
干摩 | ≥3-4 | 8 | 8 | |
湿摩 | ≥3(深2) | 7 | 7 | |
9 | 耐光色牢度22849 | 深4、浅3 | 不变色 | 不变色 |
10 | 耐光、汗复合色牢度22849 | |||
碱汗 | ≥3-4 | 9 | 6 | |
酸汗 | 8 | 3 | ||
11 | 耐水色牢度73024 | |||
变色 | ≥3-4 | 8 | 7 | |
毛沾色 | ≥3 | 8 | 7 | |
腈沾色 | ≥3 | 8 | 7 | |
涤沾色 | ≥3 | 8 | 7 | |
锦沾色 | ≥3 | 8 | 7 | |
棉沾色 | ≥3 | 8 | 7 | |
醋纤沾色 | ≥3 | 8 | 7 | |
12 | 顶破73024 | ≥250 | 373 | 313 |
13 | 起球73024 | ≥3 | 4 | 4 |
13 | 吸湿速干21655.1 | |||
1.吸水率% | ||||
洗前 | ≥200 | 305 | 295 | |
洗后 | ≥200 | 261 | 251 | |
2.滴水扩散时间s | ||||
洗前 | ≤3 | 1.6 | 1.3 | |
洗后 | ≤3 | 0.8 | 0.2 | |
3.芯吸高度mm | ||||
洗前 | ≥100 | 115.8 | 106.2 | |
洗后 | ≥100 | 106.5 | 112.3 | |
4.蒸发速率g/h | ||||
洗前 | ≥0.18 | 0.32 | 0.26 | |
洗后 | ≥0.18 | 0.33 | 0.58 | |
5.透湿量 | ||||
洗前 | ≥10000 | 17236 | 11236 | |
洗后 | ≥10000 | 18026 | 10367 | |
14 | 燃烧速率73025、81001 | t≥3.5s | 1s未点燃 | 1s未点燃 |
15 | 水洗尺寸变化率73024 | |||
直向 | -6 | -1.3 | -2.7 | |
横向 | -8.0~+2.0 | -2.5 | -4.5 | |
16 | 纤维含量 | 海藻纤维36.4 | 海藻纤维36.9 | |
莫代尔57.7 | 莫代尔55.9 | |||
氨纶5.9 | 氨纶7.2 | |||
d 1.03 | d 1.03 |
通过上述实验结果,可以证明,本发明的染色工艺用于新材料海藻纤维的染色,解决了行业中海藻纤维染色的技术难题,染色效果好。
以上所述,仅是本发明的较佳实施例而已,并非是对本发明作其它形式的限制,任何熟悉本专业的技术人员可能利用上述揭示的技术内容加以变更或改型为等同变化的等效实施例。但是凡是未脱离本发明技术方案内容,依据本发明的技术实质对以上实施例所作的任何简单修改、等同变化与改型,仍属于本发明技术方案的保护范围。
Claims (2)
1.一种海藻纤维染色工艺,其特征在于,包括下列步骤:
(1)高温真空蒸布;
(2)冷轧堆低温染色;
(3)平幅水洗定型;
步骤(1)高温真空蒸布的具体步骤是:
将海藻纤维放入蒸锅,对蒸锅抽真空,待真空度达到1.5个大气压后,往蒸锅中输入100℃的蒸汽,然后维持30-60min,蒸布结束后,将海藻纤维冷却到常温;
步骤(2)冷轧堆低温染色的具体步骤是:
对步骤(1)冷却到常温的海藻纤维进行前期处理,用20-50℃的温水配置质量分数为0.5-2%的精炼剂溶液,将海藻纤维放入20-50℃的精炼剂溶液中浸泡10-20min;
配制染料溶液,染料和水的重量比是1:10-20;将海藻纤维放入染料溶液进行染色,染料溶液的重量占海藻纤维和染料溶液总重量的5-10%,温度20-50℃,染料溶液的pH=7.0,染色的压力是2-3个大气压,染色时间1-2秒。
2.根据权利要求书1所述的海藻纤维染色工艺,其特征在于,步骤(3)平幅水洗定型的具体步骤是:
将步骤(2)染色完的海藻纤维堆置12h,用20-50℃水清洗20-30min,然后用烘干机进行烘干,50℃烘干5秒,然后100℃烘干1-2秒,烘干机型号是立信门富式。
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