CN105969957B - A kind of quenching oil that fastener can be made to black certainly after quenching and its application method - Google Patents
A kind of quenching oil that fastener can be made to black certainly after quenching and its application method Download PDFInfo
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- CN105969957B CN105969957B CN201610544015.3A CN201610544015A CN105969957B CN 105969957 B CN105969957 B CN 105969957B CN 201610544015 A CN201610544015 A CN 201610544015A CN 105969957 B CN105969957 B CN 105969957B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/56—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering characterised by the quenching agents
- C21D1/58—Oils
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/0068—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for particular articles not mentioned below
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C22/00—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C22/02—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using non-aqueous solutions
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of quenching oil that fastener can be made to black certainly after quenching and its application methods, belong to technical field of metal heat treatment.The constituent and each component mass fraction of the quenching oil be：Refined 35~40 parts of base oil urges cold multiple 7~10 parts of agent, and black multiple 0.5~0.7 part of agent, 0.4~0.8 part of brightener, 0.5~0.8 part of surfactant, 0.02~0.04 part of antioxidant.Wherein, the mixture that cold multiple agent is polyisobutene, dialkyl group naphthalene and petroleum sulfonate is urged；Black the mixture that multiple agent is short oil-ity alcohol acid resin, coloring agent and wetting agent；Brightener is imidazoline oleate and the mixture of methyl terpene resin, and coloring agent is dispersion black 9；Wetting agent is fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether；Surfactant is sorbester p17, and the quenching oil optimal use temperature is moderate to the cooling velocity of fastener between 70~75 DEG C, forms protective film from blacking on surface while quenching, improves efficiency.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of metal heat treatment, fastener can be made spontaneous after quenching more specifically to a kind of
Black quenching oil and its application method.
Background technology
Fastener is also referred to as standard component on the market, is to be fastenedly connected into two or more parts (or component)
The general name of used one kind machine components during for an entirety.Most common fastener mainly includes bolt and nut.Generally
When fastener uses mild steel material, quench in grill-hearth travelling oven, be tempered, nigrescence three process mostly, done after heat treatment
The surface treatments such as plating, hardening media select quick bright quenc hing oil or water-soluble polymer quenching agent.Quick bright quenc hing oil
Small dimension carbon steel and the heat treatment of all kinds of steel alloy material fasteners are applicable in, advantage is that deformation and tearing tendency are small after being heat-treated.With
Low concentrations of water soluble's polymer quenching agent, advantage are to solve the heat treatment of big specification carbon steel material fastener, after shortcoming is quenching
It can get rusty, influence the nigrescence fastener quality done in grill-hearth travelling oven, it is not fast enough in boiling cooling stage cooling rate, do big specification
Carbon steel material fastener easily generates soft spots.The cooling velocity of hardening phase is very big on the performance influence for heating workpiece, at heat
Science and engineering author is seeking to improve finish and aqua hardening media method always, improves quenching oil boiling cooling stage cooling rate, at present
Most 110-120 DEG C/sec of rapid cooling scooter, it is helpful to big specification low-alloy steel material fastener, but big specification carbon steel material is tight
Firmware oil quenching or not all right.
It theoretically analyzes, heating workpiece is divided into three phases in hardening media cooling：1st, steam blanket cooling stage；2nd, it boils
Rise cooling stage；3rd, convection current cooling stage.Ideal hardening media wishes slow in steam blanket cooling stage cooling velocity, keeps away
Exempt from the workpiece in austenite and overcooling austenite state because cooling velocity is fast, contraction drastically deforms excessive；Rank is cooled down in boiling
Section is that the most unstable section of overcooling austenite (about 600-400 DEG C) wishes to cool down soon, avoids that perlite transformation occurs；Right
Stream cooling stage wants to enter into martensite range, and the slower cooling velocity the better, reduces martensite transfor mation volume and swells generation
Stress, reduce deformation and prevent from cracking.The treatment process of the high fastener of intensity is to add Q-tempering using carburizing or cyaniding
Etc. techniques handled, and using 850~900 DEG C of heat preservations full annealing techniques of 10 hours, but utilize the technique productions
Fastener contraction percentage of area in quenching is larger, and deformation rate is big, and the fit rate between fastener is low, and rejection rate is more than sometimes
10%.In view of the above-mentioned problems, Chinese Patent Application No. is 201410289701.1, data of publication of application is September in 2014 24 days
Patent application document discloses a kind of aqua hardening media for the heat treatment of carbon steel fastener, by the polypropylene of 0.4-0.6%
Amide, the sodium nitrite of 4-6%, the sodium carbonate of 1-2%, the sodium benzoate of 0.1-0.2% and 92-94% water composition, can
It gets rusty after overcoming the problems, such as current aqua quenching.But aqua hardening media to the cooling velocity of workpiece always than very fast, easily
It causes the deformation of fastener and generates soft spots, it is difficult to meet the performance requirement of fastener.
Invention content
1. it to solve the problems, such as
For the quenching of existing fastener there are deformation rate it is big, be also easy to produce soft spots, quenching and blackening cannot same stepping
The problems such as row, the present invention provide a kind of quenching oil that fastener can be made to black certainly after quenching and its application method.The present invention's quenches
Kerosene is specific to fastener research and development, will be heat-treated and surface treatment two procedures are perfectly combined together, Ji Nengbao
Case hardness and the deformation rate for demonstrate,proving fastener are small, and can form one layer of fine and close protective film in fastener surface, and it is outer to play beautification
The effect with short-term rust prevention is seen, is economized on resources, reduces process, improves efficiency.
2. technical solution
To solve the above-mentioned problems, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is as follows：
A kind of quenching oil that fastener can be made to black certainly after quenching, constituent and each component mass fraction are：It is refined
35~40 parts of base oil urges cold multiple 7~10 parts of agent, and black multiple 0.5~0.7 part of agent, 0.4~0.8 part of brightener, surfactant
0.5~0.8 part, 0.02~0.04 part of antioxidant.
Further, 40 parts of the refined base oil urges cold multiple 7 parts of agent, and black multiple 0.5 part of agent, 0.7 part of brightener,
0.7 part of surfactant, 0.03 part of antioxidant.
Further, the kinematic viscosity of the refined base oil is 13-28mm2/ s, acid value≤0.02mgKOH/g.
Further, it is described to urge the mixture that cold multiple agent is polyisobutene, dialkyl group naphthalene and petroleum sulfonate；Described
Black the mixture that multiple agent is short oil-ity alcohol acid resin, coloring agent and wetting agent；The brightener for imidazoline oleate and
The mixture of methyl terpene resin.
Further, the mass ratio of the polyisobutene, dialkyl group naphthalene and petroleum sulfonate is 2:1:1；Described is short
The mass ratio of oil content alkyd resin, coloring agent and wetting agent is 5:1:1；The imidazoline oleate and methyl terpene resin
Mass ratio is 1:1.
Further, the coloring agent is dispersion black 9；The wetting agent is fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether；Described
Surfactant is Arlacel-80.
Further, the antioxidant is sulphur phosphorus fourth octyl group zinc salt.
Above-mentioned can make the application method of quenching oil that fastener blacks certainly after quenching, and step is：
(1) fastener is heated to 850 DEG C or more, heat preservation；
(2) above-mentioned quenching oil is heated to 70~75 DEG C；
(3) fastener after heat preservation in step (1) is immersed to the quenching oil quenching in step (2)；
(4) 5~10min is stirred to quenching oil when the temperature of fastener in step (3) is down to 400~500 DEG C；
(5) it from quenching oil is taken out when the temperature of fastener is down to 80~90 DEG C, then carried out air-cooled.
Further, soaking time t=(L+T)/2H min in step (1), wherein, length of the L for fastener, unit
Mm, T are holding temperature, unit DEG C, and H is the thickness of fastener, unit mm.
Further, 10min is stirred to quenching oil when fastener temperature is down to 500 DEG C in step (4), stirred
Speed 150rpm.
3. advantageous effect
Compared with the prior art, beneficial effects of the present invention are：
(1) the present invention provides a kind of quenching oil that fastener can be made to black certainly after quenching, particularly to bolt and nut
Quenching effect it is good, to the maximum cooling rate of fastener in 100~109 DEG C/s or so, effect is most at 70~75 DEG C for temperature in use
It is good, ideal quenching hardness can be obtained and deformation rate is small and realize the effect that surface blacks automatically, special bolt and spiral shell
Screw thread on cap and the bolt head there are pit, coating film forming is uniform, consistency of thickness, plays aesthetic appeal and short-term rust prevention
Effect, reduce heat treatment rear surface coat antirust treatment again, economize on resources, reduce process, improve efficiency；
(2) there are screw thread or bending parts, during quenching blacks, these portions on fastener (particularly bolt and nut)
Position will appear film forming non-uniform phenomenon, cause successfully black in part pit, influence appearance, while risen during preserving
Less than the effect of short-term rust prevention, the quenching oil that the present invention researches and develops can solve this problem, and main cause is in quenching oil
Fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether (C atomicities be 16~18；Polymerization degree n is 10~30) there is very strong wettability effect to fastener,
The particularly fastener of carbon steel material, substantially reduces the tension on its surface, then the extension of short oil-ity alcohol acid resin is coordinated to form a film and is made
With can be carried out in screw thread, that is, bending part surface homogeneous film formation of fastener, under the action of coloring agent to fastener surface film layer
Dyeing blacks, and the nigrescence film layer of one layer of even compact is finally formed in fastener surface；
(3) prior art often occurs film layer in nigrescence coating process and glues that hand, glossiness are inconsistent and film layer is secured
The problems such as property is not strong, in quenching oil of the invention, short oil-ity alcohol acid resin and imidazoline oleate and methyl terpene resin are mutual
It is used cooperatively, functional with doing certainly, rate of drying is fast, has many advantages, such as good glossiness and wearability, this is excellent
Different in nature can be also that one in actual production and R＆D process of inventor has been surprisingly found that, huge economic imitate is brought for enterprise
Benefit；
(4) quenching oil of the invention fastener surface from black the protective film that is formed uniformly, consistency of thickness, have good
Adhesive force and water resistant, oil-resistant characteristic, quenching oil modest viscosity of the invention, the experiment proved that, the optimal use of this quenching oil
Temperature is between 70-75 DEG C, and in this temperature range, the good fluidity of quenching oil is moderate to the cooling velocity of fastener (maximum
Cooling velocity is in 100~109 DEG C/s), protective film is formed from blacking in fastener surface while quenching, after reducing heat treatment
Surface coats antirust treatment again, economizes on resources, and reduces process, improves efficiency；
(5) in quenching process, when in the quenching oil that fastener has just immersed the present invention, quenching oil is to its cooling velocity
It 85~90 DEG C/s, is gradually reduced with the temperature of fastener, the temperature of quenching oil gradually rises, and the local mobility of quenching oil increases
Add, after fastener is cooled to 400~500 DEG C, quenching oil is suitably stirred, quenching oil obtains the cooling velocity of fastener
To certain raising, maximum cooling velocity can reach 100~109 DEG C/s；When the temperature of fastener is down to 200~240 DEG C,
Under the action of surfactant and wetting agent, dryness short oil-ity alcohol acid resin can be adsorbed gradually in piece surface, wetting agent point
Son amount is big, can substantially reduce metal surface tension, and dryness short oil-ity alcohol acid resin is promoted to form a film in screw thread and pit.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is further described below with reference to specific embodiment.
Embodiment 1
A kind of quenching oil that fastener can be made to black certainly after quenching, constituent and each component mass fraction are：It is refined
40 parts of base oil urges cold multiple 7 parts of agent, and black multiple 0.5 part of agent, 0.7 part of brightener, 0.7 part of surfactant, antioxidant 0.03
Part.Wherein, the kinematic viscosity for refining base oil is 13-28mm2/ s, acid value≤0.02mgKOH/g.It is poly- isobutyl to urge cold multiple agent
Mixture (the mass ratio 2 of alkene, dialkyl group naphthalene and petroleum sulfonate:1:1)；The multiple agent that blacks (is purchased from for short oil-ity alcohol acid resin
Shanghai Yuan Bang coating Manufacturing Co., Ltd), the mixture (mass ratio 5 of coloring agent and wetting agent:1:1)；Brightener is imidazoles
The mixture of quinoline oleate and methyl terpene resin (mass ratio 1:1)；Coloring agent is disperses black 9 (CAS No.12222-69-
4)；Wetting agent is that (C atomicities are 16~18 to fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether；Polymerization degree n is 15~20)；Surfactant is department
Disk -80, antioxidant are sulphur phosphorus fourth octyl group zinc salt.
Quenching oil in the present embodiment can make fastener quench after its surface from black formed one layer of fine and close protective film,
At the screw thread of fastener and the film forming on head is uniform, and quenched fastener is made to have ideal depth of hardening zone, center portion
Hardness and metallographic structure, by controlling cooling velocity so that the deformation rate of fastener is extremely low in quenching process, is quenched than aqua
The deformation rate low more than 30% of medium and common oiliness hardening media.It is found through examining, it, can be tight using the quenching oil of the present invention
The surface of firmware and the surface of screw thread are respectively formed uniform film layer, and film layer is blocked up or the probability hair that is extremely low, and being formed of rupture of membranes
Black film glossiness is consistent, and the situation of not viscous hand can meet the functional requirements such as waterproof, antirust.
Particularly, short oil-ity alcohol acid resin is applied to one kind that quenching oil field is inventor to feel free to try, the present invention
The middle short oil-ity alcohol acid resin used is dryness short oil-ity alcohol acid resin, and content of fatty acid therein is 30% or so, mainly
Made of linseed oil and aliphatic acid is raw materials.Find that dryness short oil-ity alcohol acid resin must coordinate certain ratio in the course of the research
The fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether of example and the Arlacel-80 excellent properties that it quenches fastener using competence exertion, in experimentation
Middle inventor attempts to replace the fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether in the present invention with other kinds of wetting agent, but finds that effect is paid no attention to
Think.
The preparation method of above-mentioned quenching oil is：
(1) 20 parts of refined base oils are weighed in proportion, under the conditions of 25 DEG C, urge cold multiple agent, 0.4 part of surface by 7 parts respectively
Activating agent and 0.01 part of antioxidant are added thereto and stir evenly (mixing speed 200rpm), obtain quenching oil A liquid；
(2) weigh the refined base oil of remaining number in proportion, be heated to 40 DEG C, be separately added into 0.5 part black multiple agent and
0.7 part of brightener stirs evenly (mixing speed 250rpm), obtains quenching oil B liquid；
(3) quenching oil A liquid is heated to 35 DEG C, adds in quenching oil B drops when stirring (mixing speed 400rpm)
In quenching oil A liquid (rate of addition is 0.01 part/min), while add in remaining surfactant and antioxidant；
(4) stirring 1h postcoolings obtain the special quenching oil that fastener can be made to black certainly after quenching to 2h is stored at room temperature.
Quenching oil manufactured in the present embodiment has the advantages that good dispersion, heat transfer performance are good, performance is stable, shelf-stable；
It is all not in muddy, reunion iso-metamorphism phenomenon that 3 years or more are preserved under the conditions of being protected from light.In preparation process, each component is mixed
Conjunction sequence has a certain impact to the performance of quenching oil, and inventor has found, if simply being added sequentially to refine by each component
Easily there is the situation of rupture of membranes on fastener threads surface when in use in the quenching oil being stirred in base oil, the quenching
Oil is also susceptible to muddiness in storage.And the mixing temperature of quenching oil A liquid and quenching oil B liquid is to the property of last quenching oil
Energy influence is very big, and 30 DEG C are best mixing temperatures.
Above-mentioned can make the application method of quenching oil that fastener blacks certainly after quenching, and step is：
(1) fastener is heated to 850 DEG C, heat preservation；
(2) above-mentioned quenching oil is heated to 70 DEG C；
(3) fastener after heat preservation in step (1) is immersed to the quenching oil quenching in step (2)；
(4) 5min is stirred to quenching oil when the temperature of fastener in step (3) is down to 450 DEG C, mixing speed is
100rpm；
(5) it from quenching oil is taken out when the temperature of fastener is down to 80 DEG C, then carried out air-cooled.
Quenching oil in the present embodiment is different for the application method of various sizes of fastener, is protected in step (1)
There are relationship in the length of warm time t and fastener, the time kept the temperature etc., specifically, t=(L+T)/2H min, wherein, L is fastening
The length of part, unit mm, T are holding temperature, unit DEG C, and H is the thickness of fastener, unit mm, are specifically quenched in the present embodiment
Be one kind --- bolt in fastener, the length of bolt is 40mm, and the thickness of bolt is 3.5mm (with the straight of bolt body
Diameter meter), there is pit on head, when being heat-treated for the bolt of this specification, soaking time t=(40+850)/2*3.5min
=127min after being heat-treated according to this condition, then is used cooperatively quenching oil of the invention and is quenched, and effect is more preferable.
In quenching process, when fastener is just immersed in the quenching oil of the present embodiment, quenching oil is to its cooling velocity
85 DEG C/s or so can effectively avoid contraction from drastically deforming excessive；Gradually reduced with the temperature of fastener, the temperature of quenching oil by
Step rises, and the local mobility of quenching oil increases, and after fastener is cooled to 450 DEG C, quenching oil is suitably stirred, and quenches
Oil obtains the cooling velocity of fastener certain raising, and maximum cooling velocity can reach 105 DEG C/s；When the temperature of fastener drops
During to 200 DEG C, under the action of surfactant and wetting agent, dryness short oil-ity alcohol acid resin can be gradually adsorbed in parts list
Face, wetting agent molecular weight is big, can substantially reduce metal surface tension, promotes dryness short oil-ity alcohol acid resin in screw thread and pit
Place's film forming.
Embodiment 2
A kind of quenching oil that fastener can be made to black certainly after quenching, constituent and each component mass fraction are：It is refined
35 parts of base oil urges cold multiple 9 parts of agent, and black multiple 0.7 part of agent, 0.4 part of brightener, 0.8 part of surfactant, antioxidant 0.02
Part.Wherein, the kinematic viscosity for refining base oil is 13-28mm2/ s, acid value≤0.02mgKOH/g.It is poly- isobutyl to urge cold multiple agent
Mixture (the mass ratio 2 of alkene, dialkyl group naphthalene and petroleum sulfonate:1:1)；The multiple agent that blacks (is purchased from for short oil-ity alcohol acid resin
Shanghai Yuan Bang coating Manufacturing Co., Ltd), the mixture (mass ratio 5 of coloring agent and wetting agent:1:1)；Brightener is imidazoles
The mixture of quinoline oleate and methyl terpene resin (mass ratio 1:1)；Coloring agent is disperses black 9 (CAS No.12222-69-
4)；Wetting agent is that (C atomicities are 16~18 to fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether；Polymerization degree n is 15~20)；Surfactant is department
Disk -80, antioxidant are sulphur phosphorus fourth octyl group zinc salt.
Quenching oil in the present embodiment can make fastener quench after its surface from black formed one layer of fine and close protective film,
At the screw thread of fastener and the film forming on head is uniform, and quenched fastener is made to have ideal depth of hardening zone, center portion
Hardness and metallographic structure, by controlling cooling velocity so that the deformation rate of fastener is extremely low in quenching process, is quenched than aqua
The deformation rate low more than 30% of medium and common oiliness hardening media.It is found through examining, it, can be tight using the quenching oil of the present invention
The surface of firmware and the surface of screw thread are respectively formed uniform film layer, and film layer is blocked up or the probability hair that is extremely low, and being formed of rupture of membranes
Black film glossiness is consistent, and the situation of not viscous hand can meet the functional requirements such as waterproof, antirust.
Particularly, short oil-ity alcohol acid resin is applied to one kind that quenching oil field is inventor to feel free to try, the present invention
The middle short oil-ity alcohol acid resin used is dryness short oil-ity alcohol acid resin, and content of fatty acid therein is 30% or so, mainly
Made of linseed oil and aliphatic acid is raw materials.Find that dryness short oil-ity alcohol acid resin must coordinate certain ratio in the course of the research
The fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether of example and the Arlacel-80 excellent properties that it quenches fastener using competence exertion, in experimentation
Middle inventor attempts to replace the fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether in the present invention with other kinds of wetting agent, but finds that effect is paid no attention to
Think.
The preparation method of above-mentioned quenching oil is：
(1) 18 parts of refined base oils are weighed in proportion, under the conditions of 20 DEG C, urge cold multiple agent, 0.3 part of surface by 9 parts respectively
Activating agent and 0.01 part of antioxidant are added thereto and stir evenly (mixing speed 250rpm), obtain quenching oil A liquid；
(2) weigh the refined base oil of remaining number in proportion, be heated to 40 DEG C, be separately added into 0.7 part black multiple agent and
0.4 part of brightener stirs evenly (mixing speed 280rpm), obtains quenching oil B liquid；
(3) quenching oil A liquid is heated to 30 DEG C, adds in quenching oil B drops when stirring (mixing speed 300rpm)
In quenching oil A liquid (rate of addition is 0.02 part/min), while add in remaining surfactant and antioxidant；
(4) stirring 1h postcoolings obtain the special quenching oil that fastener can be made to black certainly after quenching to 2h is stored at room temperature.
Quenching oil manufactured in the present embodiment has the advantages that good dispersion, heat transfer performance are good, performance is stable, shelf-stable；
It is all not in muddy, reunion iso-metamorphism phenomenon that 3 years or more are preserved under the conditions of being protected from light.In preparation process, each component is mixed
Conjunction sequence has a certain impact to the performance of quenching oil, and inventor has found, if simply being added sequentially to refine by each component
Easily there is the situation of rupture of membranes on fastener threads surface when in use in the quenching oil being stirred in base oil, the quenching
Oil is also susceptible to muddiness in storage.And the mixing temperature of quenching oil A liquid and quenching oil B liquid is to the property of last quenching oil
Energy influence is very big, and 30 DEG C are best mixing temperatures.
Above-mentioned can make the application method of quenching oil that fastener blacks certainly after quenching, and step is：
(1) fastener is heated to 900 DEG C, heat preservation；
(2) above-mentioned quenching oil is heated to 75 DEG C；
(3) fastener after heat preservation in step (1) is immersed to the quenching oil quenching in step (2)；
(4) 10min is stirred to quenching oil when the temperature of fastener in step (3) is down to 500 DEG C, mixing speed is
150rpm；
(5) it from quenching oil is taken out when the temperature of fastener is down to 90 DEG C, then carried out air-cooled.
Quenching oil in the present embodiment is different for the application method of various sizes of fastener, is protected in step (1)
There are relationship in the length of warm time t and fastener, the time kept the temperature etc., specifically, t=(L+T)/2H min, wherein, L is fastening
The length of part, unit mm, T are holding temperature, unit DEG C, and H is the thickness of fastener, unit mm, are specifically quenched in the present embodiment
Be one kind --- nut in fastener, the length of nut is 30mm (in terms of the external diameter of a circle of nut), the thickness of nut
It spends for 3.2mm (in terms of the inner and outer diameter difference of nut main body), when being heat-treated for the nut of this specification, soaking time t
=(30+900)/2*3.2min=145min after being heat-treated according to this condition, then is used cooperatively quenching oil of the invention and quenches
Fire, effect are more preferable.
In quenching process, when fastener is just immersed in the quenching oil of the present embodiment, quenching oil is to its cooling velocity
90 DEG C/s or so can effectively avoid contraction from drastically deforming excessive；Gradually reduced with the temperature of fastener, the temperature of quenching oil by
Step rises, and the local mobility of quenching oil increases, and after fastener is cooled to 500 DEG C, quenching oil is suitably stirred, and quenches
Oil obtains the cooling velocity of fastener certain raising, and maximum cooling velocity can reach 109 DEG C/s；When the temperature of fastener drops
During to 240 DEG C, under the action of surfactant and wetting agent, dryness short oil-ity alcohol acid resin can be gradually adsorbed in parts list
Face, wetting agent molecular weight is big, can substantially reduce metal surface tension, promotes dryness short oil-ity alcohol acid resin in screw thread and pit
Place's film forming.
Embodiment 3
A kind of quenching oil that fastener can be made to black certainly after quenching, constituent and each component mass fraction are：It is refined
38 parts of base oil urges cold multiple 10 parts of agent, and black multiple 0.6 part of agent, 0.8 part of brightener, 0.5 part of surfactant, antioxidant
0.04 part.Wherein, the kinematic viscosity for refining base oil is 13-28mm2/ s, acid value≤0.02mgKOH/g.It is poly- different to urge cold multiple agent
Mixture (the mass ratio 2 of butylene, dialkyl group naphthalene and petroleum sulfonate:1:1)；Multiple agent black as short oil-ity alcohol acid resin (purchase
From Shanghai Yuan Bang coating Manufacturing Co., Ltd), the mixture (mass ratio 5 of coloring agent and wetting agent:1:1)；Brightener is miaow
The mixture of oxazoline oleate and methyl terpene resin (mass ratio 1:1)；Coloring agent is disperses black 9 (CAS No.12222-
69-4)；Wetting agent is that (C atomicities are 16~18 to fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether；Polymerization degree n is 15~20)；Surfactant is
Arlacel-80, antioxidant are sulphur phosphorus fourth octyl group zinc salt.
Quenching oil in the present embodiment can make fastener quench after its surface from black formed one layer of fine and close protective film,
At the screw thread of fastener and the film forming on head is uniform, and quenched fastener is made to have ideal depth of hardening zone, center portion
Hardness and metallographic structure, by controlling cooling velocity so that the deformation rate of fastener is extremely low in quenching process, is quenched than aqua
The deformation rate low more than 30% of medium and common oiliness hardening media.It is found through examining, it, can be tight using the quenching oil of the present invention
The surface of firmware and the surface of screw thread are respectively formed uniform film layer, and film layer is blocked up or the probability hair that is extremely low, and being formed of rupture of membranes
Black film glossiness is consistent, and the situation of not viscous hand can meet the functional requirements such as waterproof, antirust.
Particularly, short oil-ity alcohol acid resin is applied to one kind that quenching oil field is inventor to feel free to try, the present invention
The middle short oil-ity alcohol acid resin used is dryness short oil-ity alcohol acid resin, and content of fatty acid therein is 30% or so, mainly
Made of linseed oil and aliphatic acid is raw materials.Find that dryness short oil-ity alcohol acid resin must coordinate certain ratio in the course of the research
The fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether of example and the Arlacel-80 excellent properties that it quenches fastener using competence exertion, in experimentation
Middle inventor attempts to replace the fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether in the present invention with other kinds of wetting agent, but finds that effect is paid no attention to
Think.
The preparation method of above-mentioned quenching oil is：
(1) 18 parts of refined base oils are weighed in proportion, under the conditions of 25 DEG C, urge cold multiple agent, 0.2 part of surface by 10 parts respectively
Activating agent and 0.02 part of antioxidant are added thereto and stir evenly (mixing speed 200rpm), obtain quenching oil A liquid；
(2) weigh the refined base oil of remaining number in proportion, be heated to 40 DEG C, be separately added into 0.6 part black multiple agent and
0.8 part of brightener stirs evenly (mixing speed 250rpm), obtains quenching oil B liquid；
(3) quenching oil A liquid is heated to 35 DEG C, adds in quenching oil B drops when stirring (mixing speed 400rpm)
In quenching oil A liquid (rate of addition is 0.01 part/min), while add in remaining surfactant and antioxidant；
(4) stirring 1h postcoolings obtain the special quenching oil that fastener can be made to black certainly after quenching to 2h is stored at room temperature.
Quenching oil manufactured in the present embodiment has the advantages that good dispersion, heat transfer performance are good, performance is stable, shelf-stable；
It is all not in muddy, reunion iso-metamorphism phenomenon that 3 years or more are preserved under the conditions of being protected from light.In preparation process, each component is mixed
Conjunction sequence has a certain impact to the performance of quenching oil, and inventor has found, if simply being added sequentially to refine by each component
Easily there is the situation of rupture of membranes on fastener threads surface when in use in the quenching oil being stirred in base oil, the quenching
Oil is also susceptible to muddiness in storage.And the mixing temperature of quenching oil A liquid and quenching oil B liquid is to the property of last quenching oil
Energy influence is very big, and 30 DEG C are best mixing temperatures.
Above-mentioned can make the application method of quenching oil that fastener blacks certainly after quenching, and step is：
(1) fastener is heated to 950 DEG C, heat preservation；
(2) above-mentioned quenching oil is heated to 75 DEG C；
(3) fastener after heat preservation in step (1) is immersed to the quenching oil quenching in step (2)；
(4) 10min is stirred to quenching oil when the temperature of fastener in step (3) is down to 400 DEG C, mixing speed is
150rpm；
(5) it from quenching oil is taken out when the temperature of fastener is down to 85 DEG C, then carried out air-cooled.
Quenching oil in the present embodiment is different for the application method of various sizes of fastener, is protected in step (1)
There are relationship in the length of warm time t and fastener, the time kept the temperature etc., specifically, t=(L+T)/2H min, wherein, L is fastening
The length of part, unit mm, T are holding temperature, unit DEG C, and H is the thickness of fastener, unit mm, are specifically quenched in the present embodiment
Be one kind --- bolt in fastener, the length of bolt is 70mm, and the thickness of bolt is 8mm (with the diameter of bolt body
Meter), there is pit on head, when being heat-treated for the bolt of this specification, soaking time t=(70+950)/2*8min=
64min after being heat-treated according to this condition, then is used cooperatively quenching oil of the invention and is quenched, and effect is more preferable.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of quenching oil that fastener can be made to black certainly after quenching, it is characterised in that：Its constituent and each component mass parts
Number is：Refined 35 ~ 40 parts of base oil urges cold multiple 7 ~ 10 parts of agent, and black multiple 0.5 ~ 0.7 part of agent, 0.4 ~ 0.8 part of brightener, surface
0.5 ~ 0.8 part of activating agent, 0.02 ~ 0.04 part of antioxidant；The cold multiple agent of urging is polyisobutene, dialkyl group naphthalene and oil sulphur
The mixture of hydrochlorate；The nigrescence answers agent as short oil-ity alcohol acid resin, coloring agent dispersion black 9 and wetting agent fatty alcohol polyoxy second
The mixture of alkene ether；Mixture of the brightener for imidazoline oleate and methyl terpene resin, the surface-active
Agent is Arlacel-80.
2. a kind of quenching oil that fastener can be made to black certainly after quenching according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Described
Refined 40 parts of base oil urges cold multiple 7 parts of agent, and black multiple 0.5 part of agent, 0.7 part of brightener, 0.7 part of surfactant, antioxidant
0.03 part.
3. a kind of quenching oil that fastener can be made to black certainly after quenching according to claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that：Institute
The kinematic viscosity of refined base oil stated is 13-28 mm2/ s, the mgKOH/g of acid value≤0.02.
4. a kind of quenching oil that fastener can be made to black certainly after quenching according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Described
The mass ratio of polyisobutene, dialkyl group naphthalene and petroleum sulfonate is 2:1:1；Short oil-ity alcohol acid resin, coloring agent and the profit
The mass ratio of humectant is 5:1:1；The mass ratio of the imidazoline oleate and methyl terpene resin is 1:1.
5. a kind of quenching oil that fastener can be made to black certainly after quenching according to claim 1 or 4, it is characterised in that：Institute
The antioxidant stated is sulphur phosphorus fourth octyl group zinc salt.
6. can make the application method of quenching oil that fastener blacks certainly after quenching described in claims 1 or 2, step is：
（1）Fastener is heated to 850 DEG C or more, heat preservation；
（2）Quenching oil described in claims 1 or 2 is heated to 70 ~ 75 DEG C；
（3）By step（1）Fastener after middle heat preservation immerses step（2）In quenching oil quenching；
（4）Work as step（3）5 ~ 10 min are stirred when the temperature of middle fastener is down to 400 ~ 500 DEG C to quenching oil；
（5）It from quenching oil is taken out when the temperature of fastener is down to 80 ~ 90 DEG C, then carried out air-cooled.
7. a kind of application method of quenching oil that fastener can be made to black certainly after quenching according to claim 6, feature
It is：Step（1）Middle soaking time t=（L+T）/ 2H min, wherein, L is the length of fastener, and unit mm, T are holding temperature,
Unit DEG C, thickness of the H for fastener, unit mm.
8. a kind of application method of quenching oil that fastener can be made to black certainly after quenching described according to claim 6 or 7,
It is characterized in that：Step（4）In when fastener temperature is down to 500 DEG C, 10 min, mixing speed 150 are stirred to quenching oil
rpm。
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| CN107723429A (en) * | 2017-11-15 | 2018-02-23 | 郑州市欧普士科技有限公司 | A kind of low oil smoke overspeed quenching oil and preparation method thereof |
| CN108754093A (en) * | 2018-05-21 | 2018-11-06 | 山东高强紧固件有限公司 | A kind of king-bolt heat treatment heat treating oil |
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| CN1364861A (en) * | 2001-01-11 | 2002-08-21 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司大连石化分公司 | Composite additive for quenching oil |
| CN102978356A (en) * | 2011-09-02 | 2013-03-20 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Quenching oil regeneration method |
| CN105274288A (en) * | 2014-12-16 | 2016-01-27 | 马鞍山金泉工业介质科技有限公司 | Method for making bearing steel blacken after quenching |
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| JP4837160B2 (en) * | 2000-03-02 | 2011-12-14 | 出光興産株式会社 | Heat treatment method |
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| CN1364861A (en) * | 2001-01-11 | 2002-08-21 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司大连石化分公司 | Composite additive for quenching oil |
| CN102978356A (en) * | 2011-09-02 | 2013-03-20 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Quenching oil regeneration method |
| CN105274288A (en) * | 2014-12-16 | 2016-01-27 | 马鞍山金泉工业介质科技有限公司 | Method for making bearing steel blacken after quenching |
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