CN105967746A - 一种多孔Bi2SiO5块材的制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种多孔Bi2SiO5块材的制备方法，利用多种分散剂的复配，使硅离子和铋离子与有机物形成络合大分子结构，各物质均匀地存在于干凝胶中，结合合理的复配浓度，使干凝胶具有合适的粘度，将干凝胶直接压制成型后，经热处理即可获得多孔Bi2SiO5块材；该方法工艺简单、周期短、设备简单、成本低、所得多孔材料的孔隙尺寸及分布可控性高。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于材料技术领域，特别涉及一种多孔Bi2SiO5块材的制备方法。
背景技术
Bi2SiO5是Bi2O3-SiO2二元系统中的一个亚稳定的化合物，其主要具有介电、热电以及非线性光学等性质。正因为Bi2SiO5为亚稳相物质，其结晶温度与Bi12SiO20稳定晶相的结晶温度点较接近，且其结晶过程中还存在中间相Bi2O3的影响，因此合成纯相Bi2SiO5较为困难。目前制备多孔材料的方法主要是利用湿法(如水热法、溶胶-凝胶法等)合成粉体材料后，再在粉体中混入复配的有机物(如发泡剂)，经制成形、热处理后获得多孔块体材料。这种方法不仅周期长，所得多孔材料中的孔隙分布也不够均匀，针对这个问题，本专利提出了一种周期短、工艺简单而成本低的一步制备法。应用这种方法，不仅大大缩短了制备周期，而且可使铋离子和硅离子均匀存在于体系中以利于获得纯相Bi2SiO5。
发明内容
为了克服上述现有技术的缺点，本发明的目的在于提供一种多孔Bi2SiO5块材的制备方法，具有生产工艺简单、设备要求简单、周期短的特点。
为了实现上述目的，本发明采用的技术方案是：
一种多孔Bi2SiO5块材的制备方法，包括如下步骤：
(1)将分散剂溶于无水乙醇中搅拌溶解得到溶液A；
(2)量取1/3的溶液A，将正硅酸乙酯溶于其中形成溶液B；将硝酸铋溶于剩余溶液A中形成溶液C；
(3)将溶液B和溶液C混合，搅拌均匀后形成前驱体溶液，将前驱体溶液于80～85℃下水浴2～5h至凝胶化，再在140～160℃下干燥形成干凝胶，室温下自然晾干后进行研磨过筛得到干凝胶粉体；
(4)将过筛后的干粉直接干压成型，形成块状坯体材料，最后将块状坯体材料进行热处理得到多孔Bi2SiO5块材。
所述步骤(1)中，所述分散剂由乙二胺四乙酸、柠檬酸、二乙烯三胺五羧酸、酒石酸、乙二醇和聚乙二醇组成。
所述溶液A中，分散剂各组份的浓度范围均为0～0.5mol/L。
所述正硅酸乙酯和硝酸铋的用量满足Si与Bi的摩尔比为(1：2)～(3：1)，且Si离子与Bi离子之和与柠檬酸的摩尔比为1：(0.6～1.0)。
所述步骤(4)中，所述热处理是在ZnO粉体中进行埋烧，温度为600℃～700℃。
与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果是：本发明提供的多孔Bi2SiO5块材的制备方法中，既不含有造粒及陈腐的过程，也不存在预结晶的过程，不需要在造粒和压片时加入额外的发泡剂等物质，是利用湿法过程直接将分散剂(如乙二胺四乙酸、柠檬酸、二乙烯三胺五羧酸、酒石酸、乙二醇、聚乙二醇400、聚乙二醇4000、聚乙二醇6000等)与反应物形成大分子络合结构，通过控制各物质的浓度，特别是各分散剂的用量，干燥后的粉体具有一定的粘度，可进行直接压制成型。此制备方法不仅制备工艺过程少、设备简单，而且结合了湿法过程，使铋离子和硅离子可以均匀地存在于络合大分子中，从而完成均匀的结晶过程，微孔的形成过程是均匀的，因此所得多孔Bi2SiO5块材的孔隙尺寸及分布可控性较好。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例详细说明本发明的实施方式。
实施例1
一种多孔Bi2SiO5块材的制备方法，包括如下步骤：
(1)量取50mL无水乙醇，称量一定量的分散剂(由乙二胺四乙酸、柠檬酸、二乙烯三胺五羧酸、酒石酸、乙二醇、聚乙二醇组成，其中聚乙二醇又包括聚乙二醇400、聚乙二醇4000和聚乙二醇6000)加入其中，搅拌溶解形成溶液A，分散剂各组份的浓度控制在0.5mol/L。
(2)量取1/3的溶液A，将正硅酸乙酯溶于其中形成溶液B备用；将硝酸铋溶于剩余溶液A中形成溶液C，其中，Si：Bi(摩尔比)＝1：2，Si离子与Bi离子之和：柠檬酸(摩尔比)＝1：0.6。
(3)将溶液B和溶液C混合，搅拌均匀后形成前驱体溶液，将前驱体溶液于80℃下水浴2～5h至凝胶化，再在140℃下干燥形成干凝胶，室温下自然晾干后将粉体进行研磨过筛。
(4)将过筛后的干粉直接干压成形，形成块状坯体材料，最后将块状坯体材料在ZnO粉体中进行埋烧即获得多孔Bi2SiO5块材，热处理温度为600℃。所得多孔Bi2SiO5块材中为开孔结构，晶粒尺寸约为50nm～260nm，间隙尺寸为50nm～150nm。
实施例2
一种多孔Bi2SiO5块材的制备方法，包括如下步骤：
(1)量取50mL无水乙醇，称量一定量的分散剂(由乙二胺四乙酸、柠檬酸、二乙烯三胺五羧酸、酒石酸、乙二醇、聚乙二醇组成。)加入其中，搅拌溶解形成溶液A，分散剂各组份的浓度控制在0.5mol/L。
(2)量取1/3的溶液A，将正硅酸乙酯溶于其中形成溶液B备用；将硝酸铋溶于剩余溶液A中形成溶液C，其中，Si：Bi(摩尔比)＝3：1的比例，Si离子与Bi离子之和：柠檬酸(摩尔比)＝1：1。
(3)将溶液B和溶液C混合，搅拌均匀后形成前驱体溶液，将前驱体溶液于85℃下水浴2～5h至凝胶化，再在160℃下干燥形成干凝胶，室温下自然晾干后将粉体进行研磨过筛。
(4)将过筛后的干粉直接干压成形，形成块状坯体材料，最后将块状坯体材料在ZnO粉体中进行埋烧即获得多孔Bi2SiO5块材，热处理温度为700℃。所得多孔Bi2SiO5块材中为开孔结构，晶粒尺寸约为50nm～260nm，间隙尺寸为50nm～150nm。
实施例3
一种多孔Bi2SiO5块材的制备方法，包括如下步骤：
(1)量取50mL无水乙醇，称量一定量的分散剂(由乙二胺四乙酸、柠檬酸、二乙烯三胺五羧酸、酒石酸、乙二醇、聚乙二醇组成。)加入其中，搅拌溶解形成溶液A，分散剂各组份的浓度控制在0.01、0.1、0.1、0.5、0.5、0.5mol/L。
(2)量取1/3的溶液A，将正硅酸乙酯溶于其中形成溶液B备用；将硝酸铋溶于剩余溶液A中形成溶液C，其中，Si：Bi(摩尔比)＝1：1的比例，Si离子与Bi离子之和：柠檬酸(摩尔比)＝1：0.8。
(3)将溶液B和溶液C混合，搅拌均匀后形成前驱体溶液，将前驱体溶液于80℃下水浴2～5h至凝胶化，再在150℃下干燥形成干凝胶，室温下自然晾干后将粉体进行研磨过筛。
(4)将过筛后的干粉直接干压成形，形成块状坯体材料，最后将块状坯体材料在ZnO粉体中进行埋烧即获得多孔Bi2SiO5块材，热处理温度为700℃。所得多孔Bi2SiO5块材中为开孔结构，晶粒尺寸约为50nm～260nm，间隙尺寸为50nm～150nm。
Claims (5)
1.一种多孔Bi2SiO5块材的制备方法，其特征在于，包括如下步骤：
(1)将分散剂溶于无水乙醇中搅拌溶解得到溶液A；
(2)量取1/3的溶液A，将正硅酸乙酯溶于其中形成溶液B；将硝酸铋溶于剩余溶液A中形成溶液C；
(3)将溶液B和溶液C混合，搅拌均匀后形成前驱体溶液，将前驱体溶液于80～85℃下水浴2～5h至凝胶化，再在140～160℃下干燥形成干凝胶，室温下自然晾干后进行研磨过筛得到干凝胶粉体；
(4)将过筛后的干粉直接干压成型，形成块状坯体材料，最后将块状坯体材料进行热处理得到多孔Bi2SiO5块材。
2.根据权利要求1所述多孔Bi2SiO5块材的制备方法，其特征在于，所述步骤(1)中，所述分散剂由乙二胺四乙酸、柠檬酸、二乙烯三胺五羧酸、酒石酸、乙二醇和聚乙二醇组成。
3.根据权利要求2所述多孔Bi2SiO5块材的制备方法，其特征在于，所述溶液A中，分散剂各组份的浓度范围均为0～0.5mol/L。
4.根据权利要求2所述多孔Bi2SiO5块材的制备方法，其特征在于，所述正硅酸乙酯和硝酸铋的用量满足Si与Bi的摩尔比为(1：2)～(3：1)，且Si离子与Bi离子之和与柠檬酸的摩尔比为1：(0.6～1.0)。
5.根据权利要求1所述多孔Bi2SiO5块材的制备方法，其特征在于，所述步骤(4)中，所述热处理是在ZnO粉体中进行埋烧，温度为600℃～700℃。
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