CN105954240A - Measuring device and measuring method for in-situ quick determination of primary productivity of lakes - Google Patents
Measuring device and measuring method for in-situ quick determination of primary productivity of lakes Download PDFInfo
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- CN105954240A CN105954240A CN201610342861.7A CN201610342861A CN105954240A CN 105954240 A CN105954240 A CN 105954240A CN 201610342861 A CN201610342861 A CN 201610342861A CN 105954240 A CN105954240 A CN 105954240A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/62—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light
- G01N21/63—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light optically excited
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/62—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light
- G01N21/63—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light optically excited
- G01N2021/635—Photosynthetic material analysis, e.g. chrorophyll
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Abstract
The invention discloses a measuring device and a measuring method for in-situ quick determination of primary productivity of lakes. The measuring device comprises a transmitting bottle, a shading bottle, a first bottle cap, a second bottle cap, a first dissolved oxygen sensor and a second dissolved oxygen sensor. The transmitting bottle is provided with a first opening, and the shading bottle is provided with a second opening. The first bottle cap is movably arranged on the transmitting bottle between a first opening position and a first closing position; the second bottle cap is movably arranged on the shading bottle between a second opening position and a second closing position. The first dissolved oxygen sensor is arranged on the transmitting bottle, and the second dissolved oxygen sensor is arranged on the shading bottle. The measuring device for in-situ quick determination of the primary productivity of the lakes has the advantages of short exposure time, high measuring accuracy, short measuring period, capability of achieving in-situ real-time observation and the like.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to environmental science, in particular to measurement apparatus and the measuring method of situ Rapid Determination Primary Productivity of Lake of situ Rapid Determination Primary Productivity of Lake.
Background technology
Biological productivity (productivity) is biological by assimilation production (or accumulation) organic ability, including primary productivity and secondary productivity.Primary productivity (Primary Productivity) refers to that green plants utilizes sunlight to carry out photosynthesis, i.e. sunlight+inorganic substances+H2O+CO2→ heat+O2+ organic substance, DIC (CO2) fix, be converted into the ability of organic carbon (such as Fructus Vitis viniferae bran, starch etc.) this process.
Primary productivity can be divided into again gross primary productivity and net primary productivity.Gross primary productivity refers to the speed of true photosynthesis, the most within a certain period of time total amount of synthesis of organic substance.Net primary productivity refers to deduct the volume of production after the organic substance that Repiration consumes from hair volume of production.Primary productivity is the token state that ecosystem fixes solar energy speed, is the important index weighing ecosystem.
Lake primary production process is sufficiently complex, is affected by envirment factors such as illumination, temperature, nutritive salt, Phytoplankton biomass.The method measuring primary production of phytoplankton is a lot, and most widely used in aquatic ecosystem field at present is light and dark bottle technique and 14C method.
The ultimate principle of black and white bottle is to measure oxygen content in black bottle and white bottle, determines the net change amount of oxygen, and then recycling photosynthesis Equation for Calculating goes out GPP.Specifically, first take the water sample containing autotroph from water body certain depth, then water sample is divided in paired dissolved oxygen bottle, every pair of sample bottle always has a white bottle and a black bottle.White bottle printing opacity, the inside can carry out photosynthesis and Repiration, and black bottle is light tight, and the inside can only carry out Repiration.Black bottle and white bottle are suspended at the specific depth of water simultaneously.After placing a period of time, (typically 4h, it is also possible to be 24h) takes out from water body, uses titration or electrode method to measure the dissolved oxygen amount in black bottle and white bottle respectively.According to the change calculations primary productivity of dissolved oxygen, photosynthesis and Repiration intensity in black bottle and white bottle.
The basic assumption of light and dark bottle technique is: the Repiration of phytoplankton is the same in black bottle with white bottle.This point is mediated a settlement for some kinds of phytoplankton and can be set up for the experiment of short time, but also has number of types of plant often to show different breathing rates under dark condition.It must fully seal a part for holistic community, and this sampling tends not to reflect completely the actual state (can be corrected) of population belonging to sampling by many experiments.
And, in light and dark bottle technique, the water in sampling is static, and under practical situation, water is constantly flowing, makes the various nutrient substance in motion constantly arrive and depart from photosynthesis scene.
As aforesaid, light and dark bottle technique is long due to time of exposure, the most usually underestimates the productivity, and during laboratory fees.
Summary of the invention
It is contemplated that at least solve one of technical problem present in prior art.For this, it is an object of the present invention to propose a kind of measurement apparatus being capable of the situ Rapid Determination Primary Productivity of Lake of real-time monitored in situ, the measurement apparatus of described situ Rapid Determination Primary Productivity of Lake has that time of exposure is short, certainty of measurement is high, measurement cycle advantage short, eco-friendly.
Further object is that and propose a kind of measuring method being capable of the situ Rapid Determination Primary Productivity of Lake of real-time monitored in situ.
The measurement apparatus of the situ Rapid Determination Primary Productivity of Lake of embodiment includes according to a first aspect of the present invention: printing opacity bottle and shading bottle, and described printing opacity bottle has the first opening, and described shading bottle has the second opening；First bottle cap and the second bottle cap, described first bottle cap is movably arranged between the first open position of described first opening and the first closed position closing described first opening on described printing opacity bottle opening, and described second bottle cap is movably arranged on described shading bottle between the second open position of described second opening and the second closed position closing described second opening opening；And first dissolved oxygen sensor and the second dissolved oxygen sensor, described first dissolved oxygen sensor is located on described printing opacity bottle, and described second dissolved oxygen sensor is located on described shading bottle.
The measurement apparatus of situ Rapid Determination Primary Productivity of Lake according to embodiments of the present invention has the advantage that time of exposure is short, certainty of measurement is high, the measurement cycle is short, be capable of real-time monitored in situ.
It addition, the measurement apparatus of situ Rapid Determination Primary Productivity of Lake according to embodiments of the present invention can also have a following additional technical characteristic:
According to one embodiment of present invention, described first bottle cap is pivotally arranged on described printing opacity bottle between described first open position and described first closed position, described second bottle cap is pivotally arranged on described shading bottle between described second open position and described second closed position, preferably, the volume of described printing opacity bottle is more than or equal to 1 liter, and the volume of described shading bottle is more than or equal to 1 liter.
According to one embodiment of present invention, described first bottle cap is pivotally arranged on described printing opacity bottle by the first spring hinge between described first open position and described first closed position, and described second bottle cap is pivotally arranged on described shading bottle between described second open position and described second closed position by the second spring hinge.
According to one embodiment of present invention, the measurement apparatus of described situ Rapid Determination Primary Productivity of Lake farther includes the first driving motor and second and drives motor；And first drive rope and second drive rope, described first drives a part for rope to be wrapped on the described first motor shaft driving motor, described first drives the free end of rope to be connected with described first bottle cap, described second drives a part for rope to be wrapped on the described second motor shaft driving motor, and described second drives the free end of rope to be connected with described second bottle cap.
According to one embodiment of present invention, the measurement apparatus of described situ Rapid Determination Primary Productivity of Lake farther includes the first guide rail and the second guide rail, described first guide rail is located on the inwall of described printing opacity bottle, described second guide rail is located on the inwall of described shading bottle, wherein said first guide rail has the first through hole, described first drives rope through described first through hole, and described second guide rail has the second through hole, and described second drives rope through described second through hole.
According to one embodiment of present invention, the measurement apparatus of described situ Rapid Determination Primary Productivity of Lake farther includes microprocessor, and described microprocessor drives each in motor to be connected with described first dissolved oxygen sensor, described second dissolved oxygen sensor, described first driving motor and described second.
According to one embodiment of present invention, the measurement apparatus of described situ Rapid Determination Primary Productivity of Lake farther includes: memory element, and described memory element is connected with described microprocessor；Wireless transport module, described wireless transport module is connected with described memory element；GPS positioner, described GPS positioner is connected with described microprocessor；And power module, described power module drives each in motor, described second driving motor, described microprocessor, described memory element, described GPS positioner and described wireless transport module to be connected with described first.
According to one embodiment of present invention, the measurement apparatus of described situ Rapid Determination Primary Productivity of Lake farther includes fixing axle, first end of described fixing axle is connected with described printing opacity bottle, second end of described fixing axle is connected with described shading bottle, having receiving chamber in wherein said fixing axle, described first drives each of which in motor, described second driving motor, described microprocessor, described memory element, described wireless transport module, described GPS positioner and described power module to be located at described receiving intracavity.
According to one embodiment of present invention, the measurement apparatus of described situ Rapid Determination Primary Productivity of Lake farther includes: the first chlorophyll sensor, the first temperature sensor and the first illuminance sensor, and described first chlorophyll sensor, described first temperature sensor and described first illuminance sensor are located on described printing opacity bottle；With the second chlorophyll sensor, the second temperature sensor and the second illuminance sensor, described second chlorophyll sensor, described second temperature sensor and described second illuminance sensor are located on described shading bottle.
The measuring method of the situ Rapid Determination Primary Productivity of Lake of embodiment comprises the following steps according to a second aspect of the present invention: by printing opacity bottle and shading bottle submerged, each of which in described printing opacity bottle and described shading bottle has opening, and each in described printing opacity bottle and described shading bottle is equipped with dissolved oxygen sensor；Close opening and the opening of described shading bottle of described printing opacity bottle；At interval of the first Preset Time, utilize dissolved oxygen sensor to measure and record the dissolved oxygen numerical value in described printing opacity bottle and the dissolved oxygen numerical value in described shading bottle, after the second Preset Time, measure and record the dissolved oxygen numerical value in described printing opacity bottle and the dissolved oxygen numerical value in described shading bottle, terminate to measure；With calculating primary productivity [mg (O2)/m2D]: the dissolved oxygen of described shading bottle after the dissolved oxygen of described printing opacity bottle-described second Preset Time after gross primary productivity=described second Preset Time, the initial dissolution oxygen of the dissolved oxygen of described printing opacity bottle-described printing opacity bottle after net primary productivity=described second Preset Time, the dissolved oxygen of described shading bottle after the initial dissolution oxygen of Repiration=described shading bottle-described second Preset Time, preferably, described first Preset Time is 8 seconds-12 seconds, and described second Preset Time is 10 minutes-30 minutes.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Above-mentioned and/or the additional aspect of the present invention and advantage will be apparent from easy to understand, wherein from combining the accompanying drawings below description to embodiment:
Fig. 1 is the partial structurtes schematic diagram of the measurement apparatus of situ Rapid Determination Primary Productivity of Lake according to embodiments of the present invention.
Detailed description of the invention
Embodiments of the invention are described below in detail, and the example of described embodiment is shown in the drawings, and the most same or similar label represents same or similar element or has the element of same or like function.The embodiment described below with reference to accompanying drawing is exemplary, is only used for explaining the present invention, and is not considered as limiting the invention.
Measurement apparatus 10 referring to Fig. 1 description situ Rapid Determination Primary Productivity of Lake according to embodiments of the present invention.As it is shown in figure 1, the measurement apparatus 10 of situ Rapid Determination Primary Productivity of Lake according to embodiments of the present invention includes printing opacity bottle 1011, shading bottle the 1012, first bottle cap the 1013, second bottle cap the 1014, first dissolved oxygen sensor 1021 and the second dissolved oxygen sensor 1022.
Printing opacity bottle 1011 has the first opening, and shading bottle 1012 has the second opening.First bottle cap 1013 is movably arranged between first open position of this first opening and the first closed position closing this first opening on printing opacity bottle 1011 opening, and the second bottle cap 1014 is movably arranged on shading bottle 1012 between second open position of this second opening and the second closed position closing this second opening opening.
First dissolved oxygen sensor 1021 is located on printing opacity bottle 1011, and the second dissolved oxygen sensor 1022 is located on shading bottle 1012.Wherein, the first dissolved oxygen sensor 1021 is for measuring the concentration of the dissolved oxygen of the water body in printing opacity bottle 1011, and the second dissolved oxygen sensor 1022 is for measuring the concentration of the dissolved oxygen of the water body in shading bottle 1012.
Existing light and dark bottle technique measures primary productivity needs time of exposure longer (2h-24h), tradition light and dark bottle technique by using iodimetric titration to analyze the change of dissolved oxygen concentration in bottle, in water sample, i.e. add manganese sulfate and alkaline potassium iodide, low price manganese is oxidized to value Mn by the dissolved oxygen in water, generates the hydroxide brown precipitate of tetravalent manganese.After adding concentrated sulphuric acid, hydroxide resolution of precipitate also reacts with iodide ion and disengages free-iodine.Make indicator with starch, disengage iodine with sodium thiosulfate titration, calculate the content of dissolved oxygen.This process is more complicated as can be seen here, and is easily subject to the impact of artificial subjective factor when color change judges.
The measurement apparatus 10 of situ Rapid Determination Primary Productivity of Lake according to embodiments of the present invention, by using the first dissolved oxygen sensor 1021 and the second dissolved oxygen sensor 1022, can quickly detect the numerical value of dissolved oxygen in water body.As a example by fluorescence method electrode, fluorescence spectrometry dissolved oxygen is based on fluorescence quenching principle, blue light illumination is to making fluorescent material excite on fluorescent material and sending HONGGUANG, owing to oxygen molecule can take away energy (quenching effect), so the concentration of the time and intensity of the HONGGUANG excited and oxygen molecule is inversely proportional to.Excited the phase contrast of HONGGUANG and reference light by measurement, and contrast with internal calibration value, thus the concentration of oxygen molecule can be calculated.This technology the most substantially need not safeguard but also do not consumes oxygen molecule in water body, simultaneously because it is highly sensitive, the minor fluctuations of dissolved oxygen can be caught, effectively reduce time of exposure, it is thus possible to realize the quick mensuration of primary productivity, higher volume of container can be used simultaneously, make measurement result more conform to actual state, and environmental friendliness.
Compared to traditional light and dark bottle technique, the feature of present invention maximum is the most quickly to measure primary productivity in water column (water body).Simultaneously as the first bottle cap 1013 and the second bottle cap 1014 can be opened and closed, thus ensure that the airtight water body for measuring primary productivity keeps consistent with extraneous so that analysis result more conforms to actual state.
The measurement apparatus 10 of situ Rapid Determination Primary Productivity of Lake according to embodiments of the present invention is by arranging the first dissolved oxygen sensor 1021 and arranging the second dissolved oxygen sensor 1022 on shading bottle 1012 on printing opacity bottle 1011, such that it is able to the concentration of the dissolved oxygen of the water body directly read in printing opacity bottle 1011 and shading bottle 1012.Thus, the measurement apparatus 10 of situ Rapid Determination Primary Productivity of Lake according to embodiments of the present invention is possible not only to the Changing Pattern realizing monitoring the concentration of the dissolved oxygen of the water body in printing opacity bottle 1011 and shading bottle 1012 in real time, and can also greatly shorten the time of exposure during whole measurement, reduce the error brought due to time exposure.
And, the measurement apparatus 10 of situ Rapid Determination Primary Productivity of Lake according to embodiments of the present invention is by arranging the first bottle cap 1013 and the second bottle cap 1014, thus when not measurement data, the first bottle cap 1013 and the second bottle cap 1014 can be opened, in order to ensure that printing opacity bottle 1011 keeps connecting with extraneous water body with the water body in shading bottle 1012 at any time.When measurement data, the first bottle cap 1013 and the second bottle cap 1014 can be closed, in order to guarantee that the water body tested is i.e. environment at that time, thus can improve the accuracy of measurement further.
Additionally, due to the measurement time of the measurement apparatus 10 of situ Rapid Determination Primary Productivity of Lake according to embodiments of the present invention is short, therefore meet the feature that some kind short time internal respiration effect is constant.
Therefore, the measurement apparatus 10 of situ Rapid Determination Primary Productivity of Lake according to embodiments of the present invention has that time of exposure is short, certainty of measurement is high, the measurement cycle is short, is capable of the advantage such as real-time monitored in situ.
As it is shown in figure 1, include the printing opacity the whitest bottle of bottle 1011(according to the measurement apparatus 10 of the situ Rapid Determination Primary Productivity of Lake of some embodiments of the present invention), the most black bottle of shading bottle 1012(), first bottle cap the 1013, second bottle cap the 1014, first dissolved oxygen sensor the 1021, second dissolved oxygen sensor 1022, first drive motor 1031, second to drive motor 1032, first to drive rope 1033, second to drive rope 1034 and microprocessor 1051.
The cross section of the length direction with printing opacity bottle 1011 orthogonal (vertical) of printing opacity bottle 1011 is rectangular or square when, and the cross section of the length direction with shading bottle 1012 orthogonal (vertical) of shading bottle 1012 is rectangular or square when.Thus can be so that processing and operation.
Advantageously, the volume of printing opacity bottle 1011 is more than or equal to 1 liter, and the volume of shading bottle 1012 is more than or equal to 1 liter.The volume of existing white bottle and black bottle is about 250 milliliters, find after inventor in depth studies: in sampling, the number change of Heterotroph (especially antibacterial) also can make respiration consumption deviate normal value, between 11 hours-12 hours, the oxygen that antibacterial consumes often can reach the 40%-60% of total respiratory capacity, the most usually underestimates primary productivity.If carried out experiment in two days, owing on bottle wall, the effect of antibacterial accelerates the regeneration of nutrient substance, therefore big outside phytoplankton the most relatively bottle in bottle.
By making the volume of printing opacity bottle 1011 and shading bottle 1012 more than or equal to 1 liter, such that it is able to the ratio that the internal surface area of minimizing printing opacity bottle 1011 and shading bottle 1012 is to volume, the impact of bacterial growth thus can be reduced, in order to improve the accuracy measured further.
Additionally, by making the volume of printing opacity bottle 1011 and shading bottle 1012 be more than or equal to 1 liter, such that it is able to make measurement result more conform to actual state.By increasing airtight water body volume and can repeatedly measure, reflect the actual state of overall group in water body.
In one embodiment of the invention, first bottle cap 1013 is pivotally arranged on printing opacity bottle 1011 between this first open position and this first closed position, and the second bottle cap 1014 is pivotally arranged on shading bottle 1012 between this second open position and this second closed position.The structure that thus can make the measurement apparatus 10 of situ Rapid Determination Primary Productivity of Lake is more reasonable.Dotted line in Fig. 1 is to be positioned at the first bottle cap 1013 of this first open position and be positioned at the second bottle cap 1014 of this second open position.
Advantageously, first bottle cap 1013 is pivotally arranged on printing opacity bottle 1011 by the first spring hinge between the first open position and the first closed position, and the second bottle cap 1014 is pivotally arranged on shading bottle 1012 between the second open position and the second closed position by the second spring hinge.Thus can utilize the elastic force of this first spring hinge and this second spring hinge, first bottle cap 1013 is maintained at this first open position and the second bottle cap 1014 is maintained at this second open position, in order to printing opacity bottle 1011 connects with extraneous water body with the water body in shading bottle 1012.
As shown in Figure 1, first drives a part for rope 1033 to be wrapped on the motor shaft of the first driving motor 1031, first free end driving rope 1033 and the first bottle cap 1013 are connected, second drives a part for rope 1034 to be wrapped on the motor shaft of the second driving motor 1032, and second drives the free end of rope 1034 and the second bottle cap 1014 to be connected.
When carrying out the measurement of primary productivity, first drives the motor shaft of motor 1031 to rotate (clockwise) in the first direction, more first drives rope 1033 to be wrapped on the motor shaft of the first driving motor 1031, thus can reduce the length of the part between the first motor shaft and the first bottle cap 1013 driving motor 1031 of the first driving rope 1033, such that it is able to make the first bottle cap 1013 move to this first closed position from this first open position, i.e. close the first bottle cap 1013.The mode closing the second bottle cap 1014 is identical with the mode closing the first bottle cap 1013, no longer describes in detail at this.
After measurement, first drives the motor shaft of motor 1031 to rotate (counterclockwise) in a second direction, and this first direction is contrary with this second direction.The first driving rope 1033 thus can be made to be in relaxed state, under the effect of the elastic force of this first spring hinge, the first bottle cap 1013 can be made to move to this first open position from this first closed position, i.e. open the first bottle cap 1013.The mode opening the second bottle cap 1014 is identical with the mode opening the first bottle cap 1013, no longer describes in detail at this.
Specifically, the first bottle cap 1013 and the second bottle cap 1014 can be rubber bottle caps, and the i.e. first bottle cap 1013 and the second bottle cap 1014 can be made up of rubber.
As shown in Figure 1, in an example of the present invention, the measurement apparatus 10 of situ Rapid Determination Primary Productivity of Lake according to embodiments of the present invention farther includes the first guide rail 1041 and the second guide rail 1042, first guide rail 1041 is located on the inwall of printing opacity bottle 1011, and the second guide rail 1042 is located on the inwall of shading bottle 1012.Wherein, the first guide rail 1041 has the first through hole, and first drives rope 1033 through this first through hole, and the second guide rail 1042 has the second through hole, and second drives rope 1034 through this second through hole.By arranging the first guide rail 1041 and the second guide rail 1042, such that it is able to guide the first driving rope 1033 and the first guide rail 1041 to move, the structure making the measurement apparatus 10 of situ Rapid Determination Primary Productivity of Lake is more reasonable.
Specifically, each in the first guide rail 1041 and the second guide rail 1042 includes mounting rod and the lead ring being located on this mounting rod.Wherein, this mounting rod of the first guide rail 1041 is located on the interior diapire of printing opacity bottle 1011, and this mounting rod of the second guide rail 1042 is located on the inner roof wall of shading bottle 1012.First drives rope 1033 through this lead ring of the first guide rail 1041, and second drives rope 1034 through this lead ring of the second guide rail 1042.
As it is shown in figure 1, the left end of each and right-hand member in printing opacity bottle 1011 and shading bottle 1012 can open wide.It is to say, printing opacity bottle 1011 has two these the first openings, two these the first openings are relative in the lateral direction, and shading bottle 1012 has two these the second openings, and two these the second openings are the most relative.
Correspondingly, the first bottle cap 1013 is two to open and close two these the first openings correspondingly, and the second bottle cap 1014 is two to open and close two these the second openings correspondingly.First driving rope 1033 is two to be connected with two the first bottle caps 1013 correspondingly, second driving rope 1034 is two to be connected with two the second bottle caps 1014 correspondingly, two first drive rope 1033 to be wrapped on the motor shaft of the first driving motor 1031, and two second drive rope 1034 to be wrapped on the motor shaft of the second driving motor 1032.
First guide rail 1041 is two, and two first drive rope 1033 correspondingly through this first through hole of two the first guide rails 1041, and the second guide rail 1042 is two, and two second drive rope 1034 correspondingly through this second through hole of two the second guide rails 1042.Advantageously, the first driving motor 1031 and the second driving motor 1032 are same motor.
As it is shown in figure 1, in some examples of the present invention, the measurement apparatus 10 of situ Rapid Determination Primary Productivity of Lake farther includes microprocessor 1051, microprocessor 1051 drives motor 1031 and second to drive each in motor 1032 to be connected with first.Microprocessor 1051 thus can be utilized automatically to control the first driving motor 1031 and second and to drive motor 1032, and then can be automatically turned on and close the first bottle cap 1013 and the second bottle cap 1014.
Specifically, the measurement apparatus 10 setting situ Rapid Determination Primary Productivity of Lake on host computer measured a Primary Production force data every 1 hour.After arriving the appointment moment, microprocessor 1051 starts to control the first driving motor 1031 and second and drives motor 1032 to rotate, and then drive the first driving rope 1033 and second to drive rope 1034 to start to tighten up, in order to drive the first bottle cap 1013 and the second bottle cap 1014 closed tightly.Now, the water body in printing opacity bottle 1011 and shading bottle 1012 is in air-tight state, and first drives motor 1031 and second to drive motor 1032 to be in the lock state.
It is to say, by programming in advance, it is achieved microprocessor 1051 controls the first driving motor 1031 and second and drives motor 1032, periodically closes the first bottle cap 1013 and the second bottle cap 1014.After measurement, microprocessor 1051 automatically controls the first driving motor 1031 and second and drives motor 1032, to open the first bottle cap 1013 and the second bottle cap 1014, make the water in printing opacity bottle 1011 and shading bottle 1012 keep flowing all the time with the external world, thus realize automatically determining primary productivity in water body in situ.
The measurement part of the first dissolved oxygen sensor 1021 can extend in printing opacity bottle 1011, and the measurement part of the second dissolved oxygen sensor 1022 can extend in shading bottle 1012.Microprocessor 1051 can be connected with each in the first dissolved oxygen sensor 1021 and the second dissolved oxygen sensor 1022, in order to microprocessor 1051 reads the first dissolved oxygen sensor 1021 and data of the second dissolved oxygen sensor 1022.
As shown in Figure 1, in a concrete example of the present invention, the measurement apparatus 10 of situ Rapid Determination Primary Productivity of Lake farther includes the first chlorophyll sensor the 1071, first temperature sensor the 1072, first illuminance sensor the 1073, second chlorophyll sensor the 1081, second temperature sensor 1082 and the second illuminance sensor 1083.First chlorophyll sensor the 1071, first temperature sensor 1072 and the first illuminance sensor 1073 are located on printing opacity bottle 1011, and second chlorophyll sensor the 1081, second temperature sensor 1082 and the second illuminance sensor 1083 are located on shading bottle 1012.Thus, the measurement apparatus 10 of situ Rapid Determination Primary Productivity of Lake is possible not only to be monitored the primary productivity of water body, and can carry out spatial and temporal variation and the Influencing Mechanism research thereof of primary productivity.
Wherein, first chlorophyll sensor the 1071, first temperature sensor the 1072, first illuminance sensor the 1073, second chlorophyll sensor the 1081, second temperature sensor 1082 is connected with microprocessor 1051 with each in the second illuminance sensor 1083, in order to microprocessor 1051 reads their data.
Advantageously, the first dissolved oxygen sensor 1021 is multiple and the second dissolved oxygen sensor 1022 is for multiple, thus can more accurately measure the concentration of the dissolved oxygen of water body in printing opacity bottle 1011 and shading bottle 1012.
As it is shown in figure 1, the measurement apparatus 10 of situ Rapid Determination Primary Productivity of Lake farther includes memory element 1052, wireless transport module 1053, GPS positioner 1055 and power module 1054.Memory element 1052 is connected with microprocessor 1051, in order to store the data of each sensor (dissolved oxygen sensor, chlorophyll sensor, temperature sensor, illuminance sensor) that microprocessor 1051 gathers.
Wireless transport module 1053 is connected with memory element 1052, in order to utilize wireless transport module 1053 that the data that memory element 1052 stores are transferred to host computer.Wherein, wireless transport module 1053 can be bluetooth, 2G network, 4G network or GPRS network.
GPS positioner 1055 is connected with microprocessor 1051, in order to position when record is measured.Power module 1054 drives motor 1031, second to drive each in motor 1032, microprocessor 1051, memory element 1052, GPS positioner 1055 and wireless transport module 1053 to be connected with first, in order to provide electric power for them.
As it is shown in figure 1, the measurement apparatus 10 of situ Rapid Determination Primary Productivity of Lake farther includes fixing axle 106, the first end of fixing axle 106 is connected with printing opacity bottle 1011, and the second end of fixing axle 106 is connected with shading bottle 1012.Wherein, having receiving chamber 1061 in fixing axle 106, first drives motor 1031, second to drive each of which in motor 1032, microprocessor 1051, memory element 1052, wireless transport module 1053, GPS positioner 1055 and power module 1054 to be located in receiving chamber 1061.
In other words, printing opacity bottle 1011 and shading bottle 1012 are fixed by fixing axle 106.Fixing axle 106 is tubbiness hollow structure, fixes printing opacity bottle 1011 and shading bottle 1012 respectively at the two ends of fixing axle 106, and fixing axle 106 can play support and fixing printing opacity bottle 1011 and the effect of shading bottle 1012.
Owing to fixing axle 106 has hollow structure, therefore fix axle 106 and can play the effect of float, make the measurement apparatus 10 of situ Rapid Determination Primary Productivity of Lake swim in water.Additionally, can add or reduce counterweight on fixing axle 106, thus realize the measurement apparatus 10 of the situ Rapid Determination Primary Productivity of Lake vertical depth in water and regulate.The bottom of fixing axle 106 can be equipped with annular iron ring, it is possible to achieve fixing of anchor, prevents current from washing away the measurement apparatus 10 of situ Rapid Determination Primary Productivity of Lake.
Advantageously, the measurement apparatus 10 of situ Rapid Determination Primary Productivity of Lake can use waterproofing design, in order to the measurement apparatus 10 of situ Rapid Determination Primary Productivity of Lake can sink to below the water surface and be measured.
Compared to existing measurement apparatus, the measurement apparatus 10 of situ Rapid Determination Primary Productivity of Lake according to embodiments of the present invention has the advantage that
1, compared to traditional light and dark bottle technique, this device is owing to using jumbo white bottle and black bottle (more than or equal to 1L), it is possible to reduce the error brought due to bottle wall effect.Simultaneously as volume increase can also reduce the impact that the antibacterial being attached on bottle wall brings.
2, need to expose more than 4h compared to traditional light and dark bottle technique, this device directly reads dissolved oxygen data owing to using dissolved oxygen sensor, therefore this device is possible not only to the dissolved oxygen Changing Pattern realizing monitoring in water body in real time, and the time of exposure in whole experimentation can also be shortened by high degree, reduce the error brought due to time exposure.
3, this device is owing to can automatically control the switch of bottle stopper.When not determination data, open bottle stopper and can ensure that white bottle keeps connecting with extraneous water body with the water body in black bottle at any time, ensure that when bottle stopper is closed and started to measure by motor the water body of test is environment at that time.Simultaneously because have microprocessor and memory element, the timing operation of equipment can be controlled, thus the original position realizing primary productivity is monitored in real time.
4, this device is owing to equipped with GPS, temperature sensor and chlorophyll sensor etc., being not only suitable for the monitoring to water body primary productivity of the monitoring department, also is adapted for research department and carries out spatial and temporal variation and the Influencing Mechanism research thereof of primary productivity.
5, this device due to selected materials and technology be all at present the most common and ripe, therefore assembly cost is low.As long as this device microprocessor controls motor and realizes data storage simultaneously, simple programming is the most only needed to realize.Based on above advantage, this patent can be widely applied in water body, in the monitoring of primary productivity, simply to dismount, and also can realize different location monitoring.
Present invention also offers the measuring method of a kind of situ Rapid Determination Primary Productivity of Lake.The measuring method of situ Rapid Determination Primary Productivity of Lake according to embodiments of the present invention comprises the following steps:
By printing opacity bottle and shading bottle submerged, each of which in printing opacity bottle and shading bottle has opening, and each in printing opacity bottle and shading bottle is equipped with dissolved oxygen sensor；
Close opening and the opening of shading bottle of printing opacity bottle；
At interval of the first Preset Time, utilize dissolved oxygen sensor to measure the dissolved oxygen in printing opacity bottle 1011 and the dissolved oxygen in shading bottle 1012, after the second Preset Time, terminate to measure；With
The each water layer day productivity [mg (O is calculated by microprocessor2)/m2D]:
The dissolved oxygen after dissolved oxygen-shading bottle the second Preset Time after gross primary productivity=printing opacity bottle the second Preset Time
The initial dissolution oxygen of the dissolved oxygen-printing opacity bottle after the clean productivity=printing opacity bottle the second Preset Time
Dissolved oxygen after the initial dissolution oxygen of Repiration=shading bottle-shading bottle the second Preset Time
Preferably, this first Preset Time is 8 seconds-12 seconds, and this second Preset Time is 10 minutes-30 minutes.
In one embodiment of the invention, putting in water by the measurement apparatus 10 of situ Rapid Determination Primary Productivity of Lake according to embodiments of the present invention, the counterweight of the fixing axle 106 of regulation makes the measurement apparatus 10 of situ Rapid Determination Primary Productivity of Lake can just float to water surface.Utilize steel wire rope to pin the bottom of fixing axle 106, it is ensured that the measurement apparatus 10 of situ Rapid Determination Primary Productivity of Lake is not walked with current drift simultaneously.
After turns on power module 1054, microprocessor 1051 is started working, and uses host computer (such as notebook computer) to be connected with the measurement apparatus 10 of situ Rapid Determination Primary Productivity of Lake by bluetooth other wireless technologys such as (or) GPRS.The measurement apparatus 10 setting situ Rapid Determination Primary Productivity of Lake on host computer measured a Primary Production force data every 1 hour.
After setting completes, by measurement apparatus 10 submerged of situ Rapid Determination Primary Productivity of Lake, when not starting to work, the first bottle cap 1013 and the second bottle cap 1014, owing to being in open mode under the action of the spring, therefore communicate with the external world in printing opacity bottle 1011 and shading bottle 1012 all the time.After arriving the appointment moment, microprocessor 1051 starts to control the first driving motor 1031 and second and drives motor 1032 to rotate, drive the first driving rope 1033 and second to drive rope 1034 to start to tighten up, thus pull the first bottle cap 1013 and the second bottle cap 1014 closed tightly.Now the water body in printing opacity bottle 1011 and shading bottle 1012 is in air-tight state, and first drives motor 1031 and second to drive motor 1032 to be in the lock state.
Microprocessor 1051 starts to read the data of first chlorophyll sensor the 1071, first temperature sensor the 1072, first illuminance sensor the 1073, second chlorophyll sensor the 1081, second temperature sensor the 1082, second illuminance sensor 1083 and GPS positioner 1055, and after terminating, each probe is closed.Hereafter, microprocessor 1051 read the first dissolved oxygen sensor 1021 and data of the second dissolved oxygen sensor 1022 every 10 seconds, and stored data in memory element 1052.Now, if host computer also keeps being connected with the measurement apparatus 10 of situ Rapid Determination Primary Productivity of Lake, data are sent as host computer the most simultaneously.
According to biomass difference in water body and the difference of sunshine condition, measure after 10 minutes-30 minutes and terminate.When quitting work, microprocessor 1051 no longer reads the data of each sensor, and first drives motor 1031 and second to drive motor 1032 to be in relaxed state.First bottle cap 1013 and the second bottle cap 1014 are gradually opened due to the effect by spring force.Water in printing opacity bottle 1011 and shading bottle 1012 communicates with the external world again.Now, the measurement apparatus 10 of situ Rapid Determination Primary Productivity of Lake is in holding state, waits the beginning next time measured.
In the description of this specification, the description of reference term " embodiment ", " some embodiments ", " example ", " concrete example " or " some examples " etc. means that the specific features, structure, material or the feature that combine this embodiment or example description are contained at least one embodiment or the example of the present invention.In this manual, the schematic representation to above-mentioned term is not necessarily referring to identical embodiment or example.And, the specific features of description, structure, material or feature can combine in any one or more embodiments or example in an appropriate manner.
Although an embodiment of the present invention has been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: these embodiments can carry out in the case of without departing from the principle of the present invention and objective multiple change, revise, replace and modification, the scope of the present invention is limited by claim and equivalent thereof.
Claims (10)
1. the measurement apparatus of a situ Rapid Determination Primary Productivity of Lake, it is characterised in that including:
Printing opacity bottle and shading bottle, described printing opacity bottle has the first opening, and described shading bottle has the second opening；
First bottle cap and the second bottle cap, described first bottle cap is movably arranged between the first open position of described first opening and the first closed position closing described first opening on described printing opacity bottle opening, and described second bottle cap is movably arranged on described shading bottle between the second open position of described second opening and the second closed position closing described second opening opening；And
First dissolved oxygen sensor and the second dissolved oxygen sensor, described first dissolved oxygen sensor is located on described printing opacity bottle, and described second dissolved oxygen sensor is located on described shading bottle.
The measurement apparatus of situ Rapid Determination Primary Productivity of Lake the most according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described first bottle cap is pivotally arranged on described printing opacity bottle between described first open position and described first closed position, described second bottle cap is pivotally arranged on described shading bottle between described second open position and described second closed position, preferably, the volume of described printing opacity bottle is more than or equal to 1 liter, and the volume of described shading bottle is more than or equal to 1 liter.
The measurement apparatus of situ Rapid Determination Primary Productivity of Lake the most according to claim 2, it is characterized in that, described first bottle cap is pivotally arranged on described printing opacity bottle by the first spring hinge between described first open position and described first closed position, and described second bottle cap is pivotally arranged on described shading bottle between described second open position and described second closed position by the second spring hinge.
The measurement apparatus of situ Rapid Determination Primary Productivity of Lake the most according to claim 2, it is characterised in that farther include
First drives motor and second to drive motor；And
First drives rope and second to drive rope, described first drives a part for rope to be wrapped on the described first motor shaft driving motor, described first drives the free end of rope to be connected with described first bottle cap, described second drives a part for rope to be wrapped on the described second motor shaft driving motor, and described second drives the free end of rope to be connected with described second bottle cap.
The measurement apparatus of situ Rapid Determination Primary Productivity of Lake the most according to claim 4, it is characterized in that, farther include the first guide rail and the second guide rail, described first guide rail is located on the inwall of described printing opacity bottle, described second guide rail is located on the inwall of described shading bottle, and wherein said first guide rail has the first through hole, and described first drives rope through described first through hole, described second guide rail has the second through hole, and described second drives rope through described second through hole.
The measurement apparatus of situ Rapid Determination Primary Productivity of Lake the most according to claim 4, it is characterized in that, farther including microprocessor, described microprocessor drives each in motor to be connected with described first dissolved oxygen sensor, described second dissolved oxygen sensor, described first driving motor and described second.
The measurement apparatus of situ Rapid Determination Primary Productivity of Lake the most according to claim 6, it is characterised in that farther include:
Memory element, described memory element is connected with described microprocessor；
Wireless transport module, described wireless transport module is connected with described memory element；
GPS positioner, described GPS positioner is connected with described microprocessor；With
Power module, described power module drives each in motor, described second driving motor, described microprocessor, described memory element, described GPS positioner and described wireless transport module to be connected with described first.
The measurement apparatus of situ Rapid Determination Primary Productivity of Lake the most according to claim 7, it is characterized in that, farther include fixing axle, first end of described fixing axle is connected with described printing opacity bottle, second end of described fixing axle is connected with described shading bottle, having receiving chamber in wherein said fixing axle, described first drives each of which in motor, described second driving motor, described microprocessor, described memory element, described wireless transport module, described GPS positioner and described power module to be located at described receiving intracavity.
The measurement apparatus of situ Rapid Determination Primary Productivity of Lake the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that farther include:
First chlorophyll sensor, the first temperature sensor and the first illuminance sensor, described first chlorophyll sensor, described first temperature sensor and described first illuminance sensor are located on described printing opacity bottle；With
Second chlorophyll sensor, the second temperature sensor and the second illuminance sensor, described second chlorophyll sensor, described second temperature sensor and described second illuminance sensor are located on described shading bottle.
10. the measuring method of a situ Rapid Determination Primary Productivity of Lake, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps:
By printing opacity bottle and shading bottle submerged, each of which in described printing opacity bottle and described shading bottle has opening, and each in described printing opacity bottle and described shading bottle is equipped with dissolved oxygen sensor；
Close opening and the opening of described shading bottle of described printing opacity bottle；
At interval of the first Preset Time, utilize dissolved oxygen sensor to measure and record the dissolved oxygen numerical value in described printing opacity bottle and the dissolved oxygen numerical value in described shading bottle, after the second Preset Time, measure and record the dissolved oxygen numerical value in described printing opacity bottle and the dissolved oxygen numerical value in described shading bottle, terminate to measure；With
Calculate primary productivity [mg (O2)/m2D]:
The dissolved oxygen of described shading bottle after the dissolved oxygen of described printing opacity bottle-described second Preset Time after gross primary productivity=described second Preset Time,
The initial dissolution oxygen of the dissolved oxygen of described printing opacity bottle-described printing opacity bottle after net primary productivity=described second Preset Time,
The dissolved oxygen of described shading bottle after the initial dissolution oxygen of Repiration=described shading bottle-described second Preset Time,
Preferably, described first Preset Time is 8 seconds-12 seconds, and described second Preset Time is 10 minutes-30 minutes.
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| CN117192058B (en) * | 2023-09-07 | 2024-10-15 | 中国科学院南海海洋研究所 | Online monitoring device for carbon source sink of aquatic ecosystem and water body detection method |
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