CN105953459A - Single and double effect compound type absorption refrigerating unit - Google Patents
Single and double effect compound type absorption refrigerating unit Download PDFInfo
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- CN105953459A CN105953459A CN201610457818.5A CN201610457818A CN105953459A CN 105953459 A CN105953459 A CN 105953459A CN 201610457818 A CN201610457818 A CN 201610457818A CN 105953459 A CN105953459 A CN 105953459A
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- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 106
- 239000006096 absorbing agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 95
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 209
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 claims description 47
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 description 14
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 description 13
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 2
- AMXOYNBUYSYVKV-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium bromide Chemical compound [Li+].[Br-] AMXOYNBUYSYVKV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007865 diluting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004134 energy conservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B15/00—Sorption machines, plants or systems, operating continuously, e.g. absorption type
- F25B15/02—Sorption machines, plants or systems, operating continuously, e.g. absorption type without inert gas
- F25B15/06—Sorption machines, plants or systems, operating continuously, e.g. absorption type without inert gas the refrigerant being water vapour evaporated from a salt solution, e.g. lithium bromide
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B33/00—Boilers; Analysers; Rectifiers
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B37/00—Absorbers; Adsorbers
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A30/00—Adapting or protecting infrastructure or their operation
- Y02A30/27—Relating to heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC] technologies
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
- Y02B30/62—Absorption based systems
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Sorption Type Refrigeration Machines (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a single and double effect compound type absorption refrigerating unit which comprises a single effect absorber, a single effect generator, a single effect condenser, a double effect absorber, a double effect generator, a double effect condenser and an auxiliary generator. A heat exchange pipeline in the auxiliary generator and a low-temperature heat source heat exchange pipeline in the single effect generator are connected in series. When heat of a high grade heat source and heat of a low-temperature heat source are simultaneously adopted for refrigerating operation of the single and double effect compound type absorption refrigerating unit, due to the fact that hot water enters the auxiliary generator on the double effect side before entering the single effect generator, the heat of the hot water is partially utilized by the double effect refrigerating machine side, thus the temperature of cold water A out of a single effect evaporator is raised, the pressure and temperature in a cylinder body of the single effect generator decline, the waste heat of the hot water can be utilized to the maximum, the input of the high grade heat source is reduced, and the overall cost of the unit is lowered.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of energy recovery, in particular to a single-effect and double-effect combined absorption refrigerating unit.
Background
The lithium bromide absorption type cold and warm water machine in the prior art is shown in figure 1 and comprises a high-pressure generator, an evaporator, an absorber, a steam generator, a hot water generator, a condenser, a solution heat exchanger, a solution pump, a refrigerant pump and pipelines.
When the unit simultaneously utilizes the high-grade heat source and the low-temperature hot water to generate heat for refrigerating operation, namely when the unit and the unit simultaneously work, the solution switching valves 34 and 35 are closed. In the evaporator 1 of the single-effect absorption refrigerator group, a refrigerant (water) absorbs heat from cold water 2 to evaporate, and cools the cold water 2 to an intermediate temperature. The evaporated refrigerant gas 3 flows into the absorber 4, and is absorbed by the absorption liquid cooled by the cooling water 5 flowing through the tubes to dilute the solution. The dilute solution 6 is sent to a generator 9 by a solution pump 7 through a heat exchanger 8, heated and concentrated by hot water flowing in a pipe, and the concentrated solution 11 is separated from generated steam 12. Its rich solution 11 enters the absorber 4 via the heat exchanger 8, absorbing the refrigerant vapour again.
The evaporator 1A of the double-effect absorption chiller further cools the cold water cooled to the intermediate temperature in the evaporator 1 into cold water 2A, the refrigerant is evaporated into refrigerant gas 3A, and the refrigerant gas is absorbed by the solution of the absorber 4A for dilution. The diluted dilute solution 6A is sent to the high-pressure generator 15 by the solution pump 7A via the heat exchangers 8A and 18. The dilute solution 6A sent to the high-pressure generator 15 is heated by the high-grade heat source 16, concentrated, and separated into an intermediate-concentration solution 19 and generated steam 17. The generated steam 17 enters a low-temperature generator 9A, heats the intermediate-concentration solution 19, is concentrated and separated into a concentrated solution 11A and generated steam 12A, and simultaneously is cooled and liquefied, and then enters a condenser 13A. The generated steam 12A and the refrigerant liquid which is cooled and liquefied by the cooling water 5 are mixed and then enter the evaporator 1A, and the concentrated solution 11A is cooled by the heat exchanger 8A and then returns to the absorber 4A to absorb the refrigerant steam again.
Wherein the liquid distribution device 22 and the liquid distribution device 22A in the evaporator 1 and the evaporator 1A can refer to the model in FIG. 1.
When the unit operates by using hot water alone for refrigeration, the solution switching valves 34 and 35 are closed, and the unit operates according to a single-effect refrigeration cycle flow. The double-effect solution pump 7A stops running, the double-effect refrigeration circulating system and parts thereof do not work, and the double-effect absorber 4A and the double-effect condenser 13A are only respectively used as circulation channels of cold water 2 and cooling water 5.
When the unit is operated by independently utilizing a high-grade heat source for refrigeration, the solution switching valves 34 and 35 are opened, and the unit is operated according to a double-effect refrigeration cycle flow. The single-effect solution pump 7 stops running, the generator 9 and the single-effect condenser 13 do not work, and the single-effect condenser 13 is only used as a cooling water 5 circulation channel. The concentrated solution 11A from the steam generator 9A is subjected to heat exchange and temperature reduction through the low-temperature heat exchanger 8A, and then divided into two paths, one path enters the double-effect absorber 4A, the other path enters the single-effect absorber 4 through the concentrated solution communicating pipe 32, refrigerant steam is respectively absorbed in the two absorbers, diluted and mixed, and then the mixture is sent to the high-pressure generator 15 through the double-effect side solution pump 7A.
From the above description, it can be seen that no matter the unit in the prior art operates only with single effect or single and double effects simultaneously, the temperature of hot water can only be reduced to about 75 ℃, it is difficult to recycle hot water energy to the maximum extent, and the cold demand of an air conditioner can only be met by increasing the consumption of a high-grade heat source or increasing the heat exchange area of the single effect side to reduce the temperature of the hot water, so that the overall equipment volume is large and the use cost is high. Especially, when the single-effect single-operation is carried out, the double-effect side does not operate, half of the heat exchange area of the unit is not utilized, the comprehensive utilization rate of energy is low, and the like.
Therefore, how to improve the structure of the unit in the prior art, which can not only improve the utilization rate of hot water, but also reduce the overall volume of the equipment is a technical problem to be solved urgently by the technical personnel in the field.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problem, the invention provides a single-effect and double-effect composite absorption refrigerating unit which comprises a single-effect absorber, a single-effect generator, a condenser, a double-effect absorber, a double-effect generator and an auxiliary generator, wherein an internal heat exchange pipeline of the auxiliary generator is connected with a low-temperature heat source heat exchange pipeline inside the single-effect generator in series.
Optionally, the condenser specifically includes a double-effect condenser and a single-effect condenser; the auxiliary generator, the double-effect generator and the double-effect condenser are arranged in the same box body.
Optionally, the auxiliary generator and the dual-effect generator are arranged up and down, and the auxiliary generator is placed right above the dual-effect generator; and the dilute solution of the double-effect absorber is sprayed or dripped from the top of the box body to the surface of the heat exchange tube of the auxiliary generator and the surface of the heat exchange tube of the double-effect generator for heat exchange and is concentrated into a concentrated solution.
Optionally, the following components are also included:
the high-pressure generator is internally provided with a heat exchange tube forming a loop with an external high-temperature heat source, the outer surface of the high-pressure generator is provided with a steam port, and the steam port is communicated with the heat exchange tube of the double-effect generator through a pipeline;
part of the concentrated solution in the box body directly returns to the double-effect absorber through a pipeline, and the other part of the concentrated solution firstly flows into the high-pressure generator through the pipeline to exchange heat with a high-temperature heat source in a heat exchange pipe in the high-pressure generator to be continuously concentrated and then returns to the double-effect absorber.
Optionally, the flue gas cooling device further comprises a flue gas cooling device, a first fluid heat exchange pipeline and a second fluid heat exchange pipeline are arranged inside the flue gas cooling device, an inlet of the first fluid heat exchange pipeline is communicated with an external high-temperature heat source flowing out of the high-pressure generator, and the second fluid heat exchange pipeline is connected with the heat exchange pipeline inside the auxiliary generator and the low-temperature heat source heat exchange pipeline inside the single-effect generator in series.
Optionally, the internal cooling water pipeline of the single-effect absorber and the internal cooling water pipeline of the single-effect condensed water are connected in series to form a first series pipeline, the internal cooling water pipeline of the double-effect absorber and the internal cooling water pipeline of the double-effect condensed water are connected in series to form a second series pipeline, and the first series pipeline and the second series pipeline are connected in parallel to an external cooling water loop; or,
the single-effect absorber internal cooling water pipeline, the single-effect condensed water internal cooling water pipeline, the double-effect absorber internal cooling water pipeline and the double-effect condensed water internal cooling water pipeline are connected in series.
Optionally, when the unit is in the single-effect operation state, two solution circulation flow paths are provided, specifically:
the dilute solution of the single-effect absorber is pumped into the single-effect generator by a single-effect solution pump, and the concentrated solution flows back to the single-effect absorber;
dilute solution in the double-effect absorber is pumped to a box body where the auxiliary generator is located by a double-effect solution pump, exchanges heat with a low-temperature heat source in the auxiliary generator, is concentrated and then flows back to the double-effect absorber; and the connecting pipeline of the double-effect generator and the high-temperature heat source is disconnected.
Optionally, when the unit is in the double-effect operating state, the dilute solution outlet of the single-effect absorber is disconnected from the inlet of the single-effect solution pump and is communicated with the inlet of the double-effect solution pump, the double-effect generator is communicated with the connecting pipeline of the high-temperature heat source, the dilute solution outlet of the double-effect absorber is communicated with the inlet of the single-effect solution pump, and the outlet of the single-effect solution pump is directly communicated with the concentrated solution inlet of the single-effect absorber; condensed water generated in the double-effect condenser is sprayed into the single-effect evaporator and the double-effect evaporator at the same time;
the dilute solution in the single-effect absorber is pumped to the box body, and is subjected to heat exchange and concentration with the high-temperature heat source in the double-effect generator in the box body, and the concentrated solution is divided into two parts: one flow is sent to a high-pressure generator for evaporation and concentration, a concentrated solution concentrated by the high-pressure generator is converged with the other flow and then returned to the double-effect absorber for cooling and dilution, and a dilute solution in the double-effect absorber is sprayed to the single-effect absorber through the single-effect solution pump for continuous cooling and dilution.
Optionally, the single-effect generator and the single-effect condenser are arranged in the same cylinder, and the outer surface of the cylinder is provided with a dilute solution inlet, a concentrated solution outlet, an inlet for communicating a low-temperature heat source, and an outlet.
Optionally, the double-effect absorber further comprises a solution mixing box, the solution mixing box is arranged on a concentrated solution outlet pipeline of the box body, a concentrated solution inlet, a first outlet and a second outlet are formed in the outer surface of the solution mixing box, the concentrated solution inlet is communicated with the concentrated solution outlet of the box body, the first outlet is communicated with a solution inlet of the high-pressure generator, and a solution outlet of the high-pressure generator and the second outlet are connected with a concentrated solution inlet main pipeline of the double-effect absorber in parallel.
Optionally, a single-effect refrigerant pump and a double-effect refrigerant pump are further arranged;
the single-effect refrigerant pump is used for pumping condensed water entering the single-effect evaporator to the liquid distribution device so as to spray the condensed water to the surface of a heat exchange tube of the single-effect evaporator, and the condensed water exchanges heat with cold water in the heat exchange tube;
the double-effect refrigerant pump is used for pumping condensed water entering the double-effect evaporator to the liquid distribution device so as to spray the condensed water to the surface of the heat exchange tube of the double-effect evaporator, and the condensed water exchanges heat with cold water in the heat exchange tube.
When the unit simultaneously utilizes the heat of the high-grade heat source and the low-temperature heat source to refrigerate and operate, the hot water firstly enters the auxiliary generator on the double-effect side before entering the single-effect generator, so that the heat of the hot water is utilized by the side part of the double-effect refrigerator, and the temperature of cold water A exiting the single-effect evaporator is increased. The higher the outlet temperature of the single-effect side cold water A is, the lower the outlet concentration of the dilute solution is. The pressure and the temperature in the single-effect generator cylinder are reduced, the waste heat of hot water can be utilized to the maximum extent, the investment of high-grade heat sources is reduced, and the overall cost of the unit is reduced.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an absorption cold and warm water machine in the prior art;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a single-effect and double-effect combined absorption refrigeration unit according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a single-effect and double-effect combined absorption refrigerating unit in a second embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of a single-effect and double-effect combined absorption refrigerating unit in a third embodiment of the invention;
figure 5 is a schematic structural view of a single-double effect combined absorption refrigerating unit in a fourth embodiment of the invention.
The one-to-one correspondence between the names of the components and the reference numbers in fig. 1 is as follows:
the system comprises an evaporator 1, cold water 2, refrigerant gas 3, an absorber 4, cooling water 5, a dilute solution 6, a solution pump 7, a heat exchanger 8, a generator 9, a concentrated solution 11, steam 12, a single-effect condenser 13, a high-pressure generator 15, a high-grade heat source 16, steam 17, an intermediate-concentration solution 19, a liquid distribution device 22A, an evaporator 1A, cold water 2A, refrigerant gas 3A, an absorber 4A, a dilute solution 6A, a solution pump 7A, a heat exchanger 8A, a low-temperature generator 9A, a concentrated solution 11A, steam 12A, a condenser 13A, a concentrated solution communicating pipe 32, a solution switching valve 34 and a solution switching valve 35;
the one-to-one correspondence between the names of the components and the reference numbers in fig. 2 to 4 is as follows:
the system comprises a high-pressure generator 1, a double-effect generator 2, an auxiliary generator 3, a single-effect generator 4, a double-effect condenser 5, a single-effect condenser 6, a double-effect evaporator 7, a single-effect evaporator 8, a double-effect absorber 9, a single-effect absorber 10, a single-effect solution pump 11, a double-effect solution pump 11A, a double-effect high-temperature heat exchanger 13, a double-effect low-temperature heat exchanger 14, a smoke cooler 15, a single-effect low-temperature heat exchanger 16, a single-effect refrigerant pump 17, a double-effect refrigerant pump 17A, a solution mixing box 20, a solution pump 24, a solution switching valve 30, a solution switching valve 31, a solution switching valve 32, a solution switching valve 33, a solution switching valve 34, a solution switching valve 35, a pipeline 51, a pipeline 52, a pipeline 53, a pipeline 54, a concentrated solution 55.
Detailed Description
In order to solve the technical problem that the utilization rate of an external low-temperature heat source is low when a single-effect and double-effect combined absorption refrigerating unit works in a single-effect mode in the prior art, intensive research is carried out, and a technical scheme for solving the technical problem is provided on the basis of the research, and the specific description is as follows.
In order to make the technical solutions of the present invention better understood by those skilled in the art, the present invention will be further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
Referring to fig. 2 to 5, fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of a single-effect and double-effect combined absorption refrigerating unit according to an embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a single-effect and double-effect combined absorption refrigerating unit in a second embodiment of the invention; FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of a single-effect and double-effect combined absorption refrigerating unit in a third embodiment of the invention; figure 5 is a schematic structural view of a single-double effect combined absorption refrigerating unit in a fourth embodiment of the invention.
Wherein, the solution loops in fig. 2 to 5 are the same, the double-effect side and single-effect side cooling water loops in fig. 2 and 3 are connected in parallel, the double-effect side and single-effect side cooling water loops in fig. 4 and 5 are connected in series, and the smoke cooler is arranged in fig. 3 and 5
The invention provides a single-effect and double-effect composite absorption refrigerating unit, which comprises a single-effect absorber 10, a single-effect generator 4, a double-effect absorber 9 and a double-effect generator 2, wherein the double-effect and the single-effect can share one condenser, namely only one condenser is included, and the double-effect and the single-effect can respectively use independent condensers, namely two condensers are included: a single-effect condenser 6 and a double-effect condenser 5. The technical scheme is continued by taking the single-effect condenser 6 and the double-effect condenser 5 as an example.
The unit also comprises a single-effect evaporator 8 and a double-effect evaporator 7, wherein heat exchange tubes communicated with an external cold water loop A-A' are arranged inside the single-effect evaporator 8 and the double-effect evaporator 7, and the heat exchange tubes in the single-effect evaporator 8 and the double-effect evaporator 7 can be connected in series. The single-effect evaporator 8 and the double-effect evaporator 7 are mainly used for spraying condensed water flowing to the interior of the single-effect condenser 6 and the double-effect condenser 5 onto the surface of the heat exchange tube to form steam for diluting concentrated solution returned to the single-effect absorber and the double-effect absorber.
The single-effect absorber 10, the single-effect condenser 6, the double-effect absorber 9 and the double-effect condenser 5 are internally provided with heat exchange tubes communicated with an external cooling water loop, the single-effect absorber 10, the single-effect condenser 6, the double-effect absorber 9 and the double-effect condenser 5 can be connected in parallel or in series with the external cooling water loop, of course, two or more of the single-effect absorber 10, the single-effect condenser 6, the double-effect absorber 9 and the double-effect condenser 5 can also be connected in series, and then connected in parallel. For example, the heat exchange tubes of the single-effect absorber 10 and the single-effect condenser 6 are connected in series to form a first series pipeline, the heat exchange tubes of the double-effect absorber 9 and the double-effect condenser 5 are connected in series to form a second series pipeline, and the first series pipeline and the second series pipeline are connected in parallel with an external cooling water loop.
The single-effect and double-effect composite absorption refrigerating unit also comprises an auxiliary generator 3, an internal heat exchange pipeline of the auxiliary generator 3 is connected with a low-temperature heat source heat exchange pipeline inside the single-effect generator 4 in series, and a low-temperature heat source is the same as the prior art and generally refers to external residual heat water at the temperature of about 100 ℃. The external low-temperature heat source can firstly pass through the heat exchange pipeline inside the auxiliary generator 3 and then pass through the heat exchange pipeline inside the single-effect generator 4, and of course, the external low-temperature heat source can also firstly pass through the heat exchange pipeline inside the single-effect generator 4 and then enter the heat exchange pipeline inside the auxiliary generator 3. The technical scheme is continuously introduced by taking the low-temperature heat source as an example, wherein the low-temperature heat source firstly passes through the auxiliary generator 3 and then passes through the single-effect generator 4.
Referring to fig. 2, when the unit herein is operated for cooling by using heat of both high-grade heat source and low-temperature heat source (low-temperature hot water), i.e. the unit is operated for single or double purposes, the solution switching valves 30, 33, 34 are opened, and the solution switching valves 31, 32, 35 are closed.
The single-effect side circulation process comprises the following steps: the dilute solution in the single-effect absorber 10 is pumped to the single-effect generator 4 from the dilute solution outlet by the single-effect solution pump 11 through the pipeline 51, the single-effect low-temperature heat exchanger 16 can be arranged between the outlet of the single-effect solution pump 11 and the solution inlet of the single-effect generator 4, the dilute solution exchanges heat with the low-temperature heat source in the heat exchange tube in the single-effect generator 4 and is concentrated into the concentrated solution, wherein the low-temperature heat source in the heat exchange tube of the single-effect generator 4 is the low-temperature heat source which is cooled by the double-effect side auxiliary generator 3, and the concentrated solution in the single-effect generator 4 flows back to the single-effect absorber 10 through the solution outlet pipeline 54 of the single-effect generator 4, the single-effect low-. The refrigerant loop is that refrigerant steam generated by heating the solution of the single-effect generator 4 with hot water enters the single-effect condenser 6, is condensed into refrigerant water and then enters the single-effect evaporator 8, the refrigerant water is sent to the liquid distribution device by the single-effect refrigerant pump 17, and is sprayed to the surface of the heat exchange tube in the single-effect evaporator 8 for evaporation and refrigeration, and the temperature of cold water A is reduced.
The double-effect side circulation process comprises the following steps: the dilute solution of the double-effect absorber 9 is pumped to the double-effect generator 2 from the dilute solution outlet by the double-effect solution pump 11A through the pipeline 52, sprayed or dripped to the surface of the heat exchange pipeline of the auxiliary generator 3 through the liquid distribution device, heated and concentrated by the low-temperature heat source inside the heat exchange pipeline of the auxiliary generator 3, dripped to the surface of the heat exchange pipeline of the steam generator by means of gravity or the spraying device, further heated and concentrated by the steam from the high-pressure generator 1 to become a concentrated solution 55, and the concentrated solution 55 flows out through the solution outlet of the steam generator. Part of the concentrated solution 55 enters the high-pressure generator 1 and is further heated and concentrated by a high-temperature heat source (high-quality heat source), the concentrated solution 56 flows out from the outlet of the high-pressure generator 1 and is converged with the other part of the concentrated solution 55 to return to the double-effect absorber 9 through a pipeline 57, and the steam from the double-effect evaporator 7 is absorbed in the double-effect absorber 9 to become a dilute solution, so that complete solution circulation is formed. The refrigerant steam generated by the concentrated solution 55 in the high-pressure generator 1 by the high-quality heat source heats the solution outside the heat exchange tube of the steam generator to release heat and then condenses into refrigerant water, the refrigerant water enters the double-effect condenser 5 through the refrigerant water outlet pipe and is condensed into refrigerant water, the refrigerant water and the refrigerant water from the high-pressure generator 1 of the refrigerant water outlet pipe enter the double-effect evaporator 7 through the refrigerant pipe, the refrigerant water is sent to the liquid distribution device 61 by the double-effect chiller pump 17A and is sprayed to the outer surface of the heat exchange tube of the double-effect evaporator 7 to perform evaporative refrigeration, and the cold water cooled in the single-effect evaporator 8 is further cooled.
A double-effect low-temperature heat exchanger 14 can be arranged between the outlet of the double-effect solution pump 11A and the solution inlet of the double-effect generator 2, and the double-effect low-temperature heat exchanger 14 is used for exchanging heat between the dilute solution entering the double-effect generator 2 and the concentrated solution returning from the double-effect generator 2.
A solution mixing box 20 is further arranged in the device, the solution mixing box 20 is arranged on a concentrated solution outlet pipeline of the box body, the outer surface of the solution mixing box 20 is provided with a concentrated solution inlet, a first outlet and a second outlet, the concentrated solution inlet is communicated with the concentrated solution outlet of the box body, the first outlet is communicated with a solution inlet of the high-pressure generator 1, and the solution outlet of the high-pressure generator 1 and the second outlet are connected with a concentrated solution inlet main pipeline of the double-effect absorber 9 in parallel. A solution pump 24 may also be provided between the first outlet and the high pressure generator.
When the unit simultaneously utilizes the heat of the high-grade heat source and the low-temperature heat source to refrigerate and operate, the hot water firstly enters the auxiliary generator 3 on the double-effect side before entering the single-effect generator 4, so that the heat of the hot water is utilized by the side part of the double-effect refrigerator, and the temperature of cold water A discharged from the single-effect evaporator 8 is increased. The higher the outlet temperature of the single-effect side cold water A is, the lower the outlet concentration of the dilute solution is. The pressure and the temperature in the cylinder of the single-effect generator 4 are reduced, the waste heat of hot water can be utilized to the maximum extent, the investment of high-grade heat sources is reduced, and the overall cost of the unit is reduced.
In the device, the auxiliary generator 3, the double-effect generator 2 and the double-effect condenser 5 can be arranged in the same box body; the dilute solution of the double-effect absorber 9 is sprayed or dripped from the top of the box body to the surface of the heat exchange tube of the auxiliary generator 3 and the surface of the heat exchange tube of the double-effect generator 2 for heat exchange and is concentrated into a concentrated solution. In the preferred embodiment, the auxiliary generator 3, the dual effect generator 2 are arranged one above the other, and the auxiliary generator 3 is placed directly above the dual effect generator 2. Therefore, the solution can flow from the auxiliary generator 3 to the double-effect generator 2 without adding an additional spraying device, the size of the equipment is reduced, and the use cost of the equipment is reduced.
When the unit singly utilizes the low temperature heat source refrigeration occasion, namely the unit is in the single-effect running state, the flows of peripheral cold water and the like are the same as the single-effect and double-effect simultaneous work, the solution switching valves 30, 33 and 34 are opened, the solution switching valves 31, 32 and 35 are closed, the unit is provided with two solution circulation flow paths, specifically:
double-effect side: the dilute solution in the double-effect absorber 9 is pumped to the box body of the auxiliary generator 3 by the double-effect solution pump 11A, exchanges heat with the low-temperature heat source in the auxiliary generator 3, is concentrated and then flows back to the double-effect absorber 9; and the connecting pipeline of the double-effect generator 2 and the high-temperature heat source is disconnected. That is to say, the inside no heating source of heat exchange tube of double effect generator 2, the diluted solution is concentrated through the heat exchange pipeline surface heat transfer of auxiliary generator 3, no longer concentrated through double effect generator 2, then flows to solution mixing box 20 by the solution export of box, and some solution in solution mixing box 20 is sent to high pressure generator 1, because of no heating source in high pressure generator 1, concentration also does not change, flows out from the export of high pressure generator 1 and mixes with another part solution in solution mixing box 20 and returns double effect absorber 9.
Single-effect side: the dilute solution of the single-effect absorber 10 flows out from the dilute solution outlet, is pumped to the single-effect generator 4 through the single-effect solution pump 11 and the single-effect low-temperature heat exchanger 16, is concentrated by a low-temperature heat source inside the single-effect generator 4 when flowing through the surface of the heat exchange tube of the single-effect generator 4, and the concentrated solution returns to the single-effect absorber 10 from the solution outlet of the single-effect generator 4.
The cold water A can enter the inside of the heat exchange pipe of the single-effect evaporator 8 firstly, is evaporated, absorbed and cooled by the refrigerant water outside the heat exchange pipe of the single-effect evaporator 8, then enters the inside of the heat exchange pipe of the double-effect evaporator 7, is evaporated, absorbed and further cooled by the refrigerant water outside the heat exchange pipe of the double-effect evaporator 7 and then flows out of the unit to form a two-section evaporation process. Because the cold water A enters the single-effect evaporator 8 firstly, the evaporation temperature and the evaporation pressure of the single-effect evaporator 8 are higher, and the concentration of the dilute solution of the single-effect absorber 10 is reduced. Reducing the concentration of the dilute solution entering the single-effect hot water generator and reducing the working pressure of the single-effect hot water generator both reduce the generation temperature of the hot water generator, thereby reducing the outlet temperature of the low-grade hot water C'. And hot water firstly passes through the double-effect hot water generator and then enters the low-pressure low-temperature single-effect hot water generator, so that a two-stage generation process is formed. Two-stage evaporation and two-stage generation enable the unit to realize full utilization of waste heat only by a small heat exchange area, lower the temperature of hot water, improve the energy utilization rate and improve the economic benefit.
The unit of the invention independently utilizes low-temperature hot water for refrigeration, and by adopting the invention, the heat transfer area of the evaporator of the single-double effect absorber 9 is fully utilized, the unit forms two-stage circulation, so that the concentration of dilute solution can be reduced to be lower, the pressure and the temperature of the hot water generator are successively reduced, the temperature of concentrated solution at the outlet of the hot water generator is reduced, finally the temperature of hot water is reduced to be lower, 70 ℃, and the heat of the hot water is fully utilized to achieve the purpose of reducing energy consumption. If the maximum utilization of energy is realized by increasing the heat exchange area of the equipment, the occupied area of the equipment and the investment cost are increased.
When the unit is in the double-effect operation state, that is, the unit uses a high-quality heat source (high-temperature heat source) alone for refrigeration, the solution switching valves 30, 33, 34 are closed, and the solution switching valves 31, 32, 35 are opened.
The dilute solution outlet of the single-effect absorber 10 is disconnected with the inlet of the single-effect solution pump 11 and is communicated with the inlet of the double-effect solution pump 11A, the double-effect generator 2 is communicated with the connecting pipeline of the high-temperature heat source, the dilute solution outlet of the double-effect absorber 9 is communicated with the inlet of the single-effect solution pump 11, and the outlet of the single-effect solution pump 11 is directly communicated with the concentrated solution inlet of the single-effect absorber 10.
The dilute solution inside the single-effect absorber 10 flows through the switching valve 31, flows through the double-effect low-temperature heat exchanger 14 by the double-effect solution pump 11A, is heated and then is pumped to the auxiliary generator 3, and because of different hot water inside the auxiliary generator 3, the solution only flows through the surface of the heat exchange pipeline of the auxiliary generator 3 without heat exchange and then flows to the surface of the heat exchange pipeline of the double-effect generator 2, is heated and concentrated into a concentrated solution 55 by the steam from the high-pressure generator 1, and the concentrated solution is divided into two parts after entering the solution mixing box 20: one is sent into the high pressure generator 1 by the solution pump 24 through the double-effect high-temperature heat exchanger 13, is heated and concentrated into a concentrated solution by an external high-grade heat source, is mixed with the other concentrated solution 55 in the solution mixing box 20, returns to the double-effect absorber 9 through the double-effect low-temperature heat exchanger 14, absorbs steam generated by the double-effect evaporator 7, and after the solution concentration becomes dilute, flows through the switching valve, passes through the switching valve, is sent into the single-effect absorber 10 through the switching valve by the single-effect solution pump 11, absorbs the steam generated by the single-effect evaporator 8, and completes a cycle.
The refrigerant flow path is: meanwhile, in the occasions of refrigerating by using a high-grade heat source and a low-grade heat source and refrigerating by using the low-grade heat source alone, the switching valve 70 is closed, the refrigerant flows into the single-effect evaporator from the single-effect condenser respectively, and the double-effect condenser flows into the double-effect evaporator; in the case of refrigerating with high-grade heat source alone, the switching valve 70 is opened, and the refrigerant is divided into two streams by the double-effect condenser and enters the single-effect evaporator and the double-effect evaporator respectively.
As can be seen from fig. 2, the unit comprises a single-effect refrigerant pump 17 and a double-effect refrigerant pump 17A; the single-effect refrigerant pump 17 is used for pumping the condensed water entering the single-effect evaporator 8 to the liquid distribution device so as to spray the condensed water to the surface of the heat exchange tube of the single-effect evaporator 8 and exchange heat with cold water in the heat exchange tube; the double-effect refrigerant pump 17A is used for pumping the condensed water entering the double-effect evaporator 7 to the liquid distribution device so as to spray the condensed water to the surface of the heat exchange tube of the double-effect evaporator 7 and exchange heat with the cold water in the heat exchange tube. Generally, the single-effect evaporator 8 and the double-effect evaporator 7 share the same condensed water tray, namely, the single-effect chiller pump and the double-effect chiller pump extract condensed water from the same condensed water tray and respectively spray the condensed water onto the surfaces of the heat exchange tubes of the single-effect evaporator 8 and the double-effect evaporator 7. The invention is provided with two refrigerant pumps, so that the maintenance can be carried out on one side when the unit fails, and the other side can not be influenced to continue running.
When the unit independently utilizes a high-grade heat source for refrigeration, the evaporator and the absorber belong to two-stage evaporation and absorption processes, the concentration of a solution outlet can be reduced, so that the temperature of the solution at the outlet of the high-pressure generator 1 is reduced, and the temperature of a smoke outlet is reduced. If the temperature of the flue gas outlet is kept unchanged, the heat transfer area of the high-pressure generator 1 can be reduced, and the purposes of reducing the cost and improving the overall efficiency of the unit are achieved. In addition, the solution circulation volume is the same as that of the unit when the unit simultaneously utilizes a high-grade heat source and hot water heat for refrigeration operation. The spraying amount of the absorber is not influenced, and the liquid distribution form of the absorber can adopt a dripping, dripping or nozzle form. Compared with the prior art, the liquid distribution mode has wide selection range and strong applicability.
Referring to fig. 3 and 5, in addition, the unit in each of the above embodiments may further include a smoke cooler 15, a first fluid heat exchange pipeline and a second fluid heat exchange pipeline are disposed inside the smoke cooler 15, an inlet of the first fluid heat exchange pipeline is communicated with an external high-temperature heat source flowing out from the high-pressure generator 1, and the second fluid heat exchange pipeline is connected in series with the heat exchange pipeline inside the auxiliary generator 3 and the low-temperature heat source heat exchange pipeline inside the single-effect generator 4
The flue gas outlet is provided with a flue gas cooler 15, hot water enters the auxiliary generator 3 for cooling firstly, then exchanges heat with flue gas through the flue gas cooler 15, and finally enters the single-effect generator 4, so that the heat exchange end difference of the flue gas cooler 15 is increased, the heat transfer area is reduced, the temperature of the flue gas outlet is reduced to be lower, the flue gas waste heat is fully utilized, the energy utilization rate is improved, and the effects of energy conservation and emission reduction are achieved. Meanwhile, the single-effect generator 4 is not easy to form a pressure container, so that the safety of the equipment is improved, and the cost of the whole machine is reduced.
The high-grade heat source introduced into the high-pressure generator 1 comprises high-temperature flue gas generated by fuel combustion, flue gas waste heat utilization generated by the generator, flue gas supplementary fuel and the like.
The single-effect generator 4 and the single-effect condenser 6 in the above embodiments may also be disposed inside the same cylinder, and the outer surface of the cylinder is provided with a dilute solution inlet, a concentrated solution outlet, and an inlet and an outlet for communicating a low-temperature heat source.
Similarly, the arrangement mode of the single-effect evaporator 8, the single-effect absorber 10, the double-effect evaporator 7 and the double-effect absorber 9 can refer to the prior art, and can be arranged in the same cylinder body in parallel from left to right.
It should be noted that, the high-temperature heat source is a high-quality heat source, and the low-temperature hot water is one of the low-temperature heat sources.
The single-double effect composite absorption refrigerating unit provided by the invention is described in detail above. The principles and embodiments of the present invention are explained herein using specific examples, which are presented only to assist in understanding the method and its core concepts. It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, it is possible to make various improvements and modifications to the present invention without departing from the principle of the present invention, and those improvements and modifications also fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (11)
1. The single-effect and double-effect combined absorption refrigerating unit comprises a single-effect absorber (10), a single-effect generator (4), a condenser, a double-effect absorber (9) and a double-effect generator (2), and is characterized by further comprising an auxiliary generator (3), wherein an internal heat exchange pipeline of the auxiliary generator (3) is connected with a low-temperature heat source heat exchange pipeline inside the single-effect generator (4) in series.
2. The single-double effect combined absorption chiller unit according to claim 1 wherein the condenser comprises in particular a double effect condenser (5) and a single effect condenser (6); and heat exchange tube bundles of the auxiliary generator (3), the double-effect generator (2) and the double-effect condenser (5) are arranged in the same box body.
3. The single-double effect combined absorption chiller unit according to claim 2, characterized in that the auxiliary generator (3), the double effect generator (2) are arranged one above the other and the auxiliary generator (3) is placed directly above the double effect generator (2); and the dilute solution of the double-effect absorber (9) is sprayed or dripped from the top of the box body to the surface of the heat exchange tube of the auxiliary generator (3) and the surface of the heat exchange tube of the double-effect generator (2) for heat exchange and is concentrated into a concentrated solution.
4. A single-and-double effect compound absorption chiller as set forth in claim 2 further comprising the following components:
the high-pressure generator (1) is internally provided with a heat exchange tube forming a loop with an external high-temperature heat source, the outer surface of the high-pressure generator (1) is provided with a steam port, and the steam port is communicated with the heat exchange tube of the double-effect generator (2) through a pipeline;
part of the concentrated solution in the box body directly returns to the double-effect absorber (9) through a pipeline, and the other part of the concentrated solution firstly flows to the inside of the high-pressure generator (1) through a pipeline to exchange heat with a high-temperature heat source in a heat exchange pipe in the high-pressure generator to be concentrated continuously, and then returns to the double-effect absorber (9).
5. The single-effect and double-effect combined type absorption refrigerating unit as claimed in claim 2, further comprising a smoke cooler (15), wherein a first fluid heat exchange pipeline and a second fluid heat exchange pipeline are arranged inside the smoke cooler (15), an inlet of the first fluid heat exchange pipeline is connected to an external high-temperature heat source flowing out of the high-pressure generator (1), and the second fluid heat exchange pipeline is connected in series with the heat exchange pipeline inside the auxiliary generator (3) and the heat exchange pipeline inside the single-effect generator (4).
6. The single-effect and double-effect combined absorption chiller unit according to claim 1, wherein the single-effect absorber (10) internal cooling water line and the single-effect condensed water internal cooling water line are connected in series to form a first series line, the double-effect absorber (9) internal cooling water line and the double-effect condensed water internal cooling water line are connected in series to form a second series line, and the first series line and the second series line are connected in parallel with an external cooling water loop; or,
the single-effect absorber (10) internal cooling water pipeline, the single-effect condensed water internal cooling water pipeline, the double-effect absorber (9) internal cooling water pipeline and the double-effect condensed water internal cooling water pipeline are connected in series.
7. The single-effect and double-effect combined absorption refrigerating unit as claimed in any one of claims 2 to 5, wherein when the unit is in single-effect operation state, there are two solution circulation flow paths, specifically:
the dilute solution of the single-effect absorber (10) is pumped into the single-effect generator (4) by a single-effect solution pump (11), and the concentrated solution flows back to the single-effect absorber (10);
dilute solution in the double-effect absorber (9) is pumped to a box body where the auxiliary generator (3) is located by a double-effect solution pump (11A), and flows back to the double-effect absorber (9) after being subjected to heat exchange and concentration with a low-temperature heat source in the auxiliary generator (3); and the connecting pipeline of the double-effect generator (2) and the high-temperature heat source is disconnected.
8. The single-effect and double-effect combined type absorption refrigerating unit as claimed in any one of claims 2 to 5, wherein when the unit is in a double-effect operation state, the dilute solution outlet of the single-effect absorber (10) is disconnected from the inlet of the single-effect solution pump (11) and is communicated with the inlet of the double-effect solution pump (11A), the double-effect generator (2) is communicated with the connecting pipeline of the high-temperature heat source, the dilute solution outlet of the double-effect absorber (9) is communicated with the inlet of the single-effect solution pump (11), and the outlet of the single-effect solution pump (11) is directly communicated with the concentrated solution inlet of the single-effect absorber (10); condensed water generated in the double-effect condenser is sprayed into the single-effect evaporator and the double-effect evaporator at the same time;
the dilute solution in the single-effect absorber (10) is pumped to the box body, and is subjected to heat exchange and concentration with a high-temperature heat source in the double-effect generator (2) in the box body, and the concentrated solution is divided into two parts: one flow of the concentrated solution flows to a high-pressure generator (1) for evaporation and concentration, the concentrated solution concentrated by the high-pressure generator (1) is converged with the other flow of the concentrated solution and returns to the double-effect absorber (9) for cooling and dilution, and the dilute solution in the double-effect absorber (9) is sprayed to the single-effect absorber (10) through the single-effect solution pump (11) for further cooling and dilution.
9. The single-effect and double-effect combined absorption refrigerating unit according to any one of claims 2 to 5, wherein the single-effect generator (4) and the single-effect condenser (6) are arranged in the same cylinder, and the outer surface of the cylinder is provided with a dilute solution inlet, a concentrated solution outlet, an inlet and an outlet for communicating a low-temperature heat source.
10. The single-effect and double-effect combined absorption refrigerating unit according to any one of claims 2 to 5, further comprising a solution mixing tank (20), wherein the solution mixing tank (20) is arranged on a concentrated solution outlet pipeline of the tank, the outer surface of the solution mixing tank (20) is provided with a concentrated solution inlet, a first outlet and a second outlet, the concentrated solution inlet is communicated with a concentrated solution outlet of the tank, the first outlet is communicated with a solution inlet of the high-pressure generator (1), and the solution outlet and the second outlet of the high-pressure generator (1) are connected with a concentrated solution inlet main pipeline of the double-effect absorber (9) in parallel.
11. The single-effect and double-effect combined absorption refrigerating unit according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that a single-effect refrigerant pump (17) and a double-effect refrigerant pump (17A) are further provided;
the single-effect refrigerant pump (17) is used for pumping condensed water entering the single-effect evaporator to the liquid distribution device so as to be sprayed to the surface of a heat exchange tube of the single-effect evaporator, and the condensed water exchanges heat with cold water in the heat exchange tube;
the double-effect refrigerant pump (17A) is used for pumping condensed water entering the double-effect evaporator to the liquid distribution device so as to spray the condensed water to the surface of a heat exchange tube of the double-effect evaporator, and the condensed water is enabled to exchange heat with cold water in the heat exchange tube.
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Address after: Yongda road 265500 Shandong province Yantai Fushan hi tech Industrial Zone No. 720 Applicant after: EBARA REFRIGERATION EQUIPMENT & SYSTEMS (CHINA) Co.,Ltd. Address before: Yongda road 265500 Shandong province Yantai Fushan hi tech Industrial Zone No. 720 Applicant before: YANTAI EBARA AIR CONDITIONER Co.,Ltd. |
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