CN101000180A - Two-stage and multistage absorption refrigeration machine - Google Patents
Two-stage and multistage absorption refrigeration machine Download PDFInfo
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- CN101000180A CN101000180A CNA2006101710766A CN200610171076A CN101000180A CN 101000180 A CN101000180 A CN 101000180A CN A2006101710766 A CNA2006101710766 A CN A2006101710766A CN 200610171076 A CN200610171076 A CN 200610171076A CN 101000180 A CN101000180 A CN 101000180A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02A30/27—Relating to heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC] technologies
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
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- Y02B30/62—Absorption based systems
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Abstract
The invention provides two-stage and multistage absorption refrigerator, belonging to the refrigeration technical field, mainly comprising generator, condenser, evaporator, absorb-evaporator, absorber, throttle valve, solution pump, and solution heat exchanger, where cryogen steam coming from the generator enters the condenser for condensing and enters the evaporator and the absorb-evaporator after throttled or enters the evaporator after throttled for absorbing cold load and then partially gasified, and the nongasified cryogen liquid is pumped into the absorb-evaporator; the gasified cryogen steam in the evaporator enters the first stage absorb-evaporator to be absorbed by solution to release heat so as to heat cryogen liquid entering the first stage absorb-evaporator through the other channel, where the latter is gasified into higher temperature steam to enter the absorber or the next-stage absorb-evaporator; the thin solution coming from the first stage absorb-evaporator is pumped into the generator to be heated to release cryogen steam and then get in and out in inverted sequence the absorber and each stage absorb-evaporator for absorbing cryogen steam; the cooling medium enters and exits the absorber and the condenser to absorb heat; the absorb-evaporator improves cold load temperature and can reduce the requirements of the refrigerator fro temperature of a driving heat source.
Description
Technical field:
The invention belongs to refrigeration technology field.
Background technology:
Absorption Refrigerator is a capital equipment of producing low temperature commonly used in civilian and industrial production, and it is the driving power of unit with high-grade heat, belongs to the equipment of power consumption.Numerical value for the performance index (COP) that improves refrigeration machine reduces its energy consumption, and economic benefits and social benefits and multiple-effect Absorption Refrigerator have been arranged on the basis of single-action refrigeration machine.The employing of economic benefits and social benefits or multiple-effect technology is driving heat have been carried out twice or repeatedly utilization, compares the single-action refrigeration machine, and the performance index of economic benefits and social benefits and multiple-effect Absorption Refrigerator is improved, and the energy consumption of refrigeration machine obtains reduction to a certain degree.Be subjected to the restriction of environment temperature, concerning the single-stage Absorption Refrigerator, the requirement of single-action is generally more than 85 ℃, and economic benefits and social benefits require more than 150 ℃; Like this, when heat source temperature is low, can't adopt the single-action or the dual-effect refrigeration of single-stage.For adopting two concerning the two-stage refrigeration of absorber and generator, though the temperature requirement of thermal source is reduced significantly, compare corresponding single-stage refrigeration machine, its performance index equally significantly reduces, and causes the operation energy consumption cost height of refrigeration machine.
From the angle of cooling medium, reduce the requirement of refrigeration machine to its parameter, especially temperature, also help reducing the cost and the energy consumption of cooling system; From the refrigerator generators solution temperature just, reduce the temperature of solution in the generator, security that can the operation of raising equipment.
Therefore, employ new technology, make the requirement of refrigeration machine reduction, realize better energy-saving and environmental protection and economic benefit thermal source and coolant temperature with rational structure and flow process.
Summary of the invention:
The objective of the invention is to provide two-stage and multi-stage absorption refrigeration machine, it adopts rational structure and flow process to realize the utilization to a certain degree of heat energy in the condensate liquid in the condenser, improves the performance index of refrigeration machine and reduces the requirement of refrigeration machine to the driving heat source temperature.
Two-stage provided by the invention and multi-stage absorption refrigeration machine are divided into single-action, economic benefits and social benefits and multiple-effect three major types from imitating number.The object of the present invention is achieved like this, and it mainly is made up of institutes such as generator (or rectifying column), condenser, evaporimeter, absorption-evaporimeter, absorber, choke valve, solution pump and solution heat exchangers; According to technological process, on entering flow process between evaporimeter and the one-level absorption-evaporimeter from condensate liquid, be divided into two kinds of basic structures---a kind of is that condensate liquid is communicated with through the different choke valve of throttle degree respectively, and another kind is that choke valve adds the pressure-raising pump and is communicated with.
Condensate liquid shown in Figure 1 adopts the two-stage single-effective absorption refrigerating machine of two-way throttling, and it mainly is made up of generator, condenser, evaporimeter, one-level absorption-evaporimeter, absorber, choke valve, solution pump, solution heat exchanger and cryogen liquid recirculation pump; Condenser has cryogen liquid pipeline to link to each other with one-level absorption-evaporimeter with evaporimeter by choke valve respectively, also has steam channel to link to each other with generator; Evaporimeter also has the refrigerant vapour passage to link to each other with one-level absorption-evaporimeter, has pipeline to be communicated with cooled medium; One-level absorption-evaporimeter also has refrigerant vapour pipeline and solution pipeline to be communicated with absorber respectively, has the solution pipeline to link to each other with generator through solution pump; Absorber also has the solution pipeline to link to each other with generator; Generator also has pipeline to be communicated with driving heat source; There is the cooling medium pipeline to link to each other between absorber and the condenser, it is characterized in that: 1. the cryogen liquid part in the condenser is through degree of depth throttling step-down, enter evaporimeter after the cooling, the temperature of the refrigerant medium after the throttling is very low, the heat that absorbs in the cooled medium realizes refrigeration, be vaporized, another part cryogen liquid enters one-level absorption-evaporimeter through shallow degree throttling, solution is absorbed the heat that discharges from the refrigerant vapour process of receiving evaporimeter, the refrigerant vapour temperature that is vaporizated into flash-pot recently wants high refrigerant vapour enter absorber, and one-level absorptions-evaporimeter has been realized the lifting first time to refrigeration thermic load temperature; 2. solution was thinning after solution absorbed the refrigerant vapour of flash-pot in the one-level absorption-evaporimeter, weak solution is squeezed into generator through solution pump, under the effect of driving heat source, discharge refrigerant vapour solution and thicken, enter the refrigerant vapour of absorber absorption then from one-level absorption-evaporimeter; Solution absorbs the reduction of refrigerant vapour concentration in the absorber, enters absorption-evaporimeter and finishes the solution circulation; 3. cooling medium at first enters absorber and draws heat release in the absorption process, enter then condenser absorb refrigerant vapour heat release, make refrigerant vapour cooling and condensation.
Condensate liquid as shown in Figure 2 adopts in the two-stage single-effective absorption refrigerating machine of throttle full open, a cryogenic fluid pump pressure-raising, agent structure and technological process and condensate liquid adopt the two-stage single-effective absorption refrigerating machine basically identical of two-way throttling, different is: structurally, be communicated with cryogen liquid pipeline by the cryogen liquid pump between evaporimeter and the one-level absorption-evaporimeter; In technological process, the cryogen liquid that comes from condenser enters evaporimeter through the throttling of the choke valve degree of depth, wherein a part becomes cryogenic coolant steam after absorbing refrigeration duty, enter one-level absorption-evaporimeter then, the other part of vaporization does not enter one-level absorption-evaporimeter through the suitable adherence pressure of pressure-raising pump, vaporizing under higher temperature in the heat absorption back, enters absorber then.
As shown in Figure 3, condensate liquid adopts the two-stage single-effective absorption refrigerating machine of two-way throttling, is that with different place shown in Figure 1 it has replaced generator with rectifying column, is applicable to the ammonia spirit to be the refrigeration of masterpiece working medium; In addition not with the place be that its evaporimeter adopts the refrigerant medium pattern that heat absorption is evaporated in pipe.
Condensate liquid as shown in Figure 4 adopts in three grades of single-effective absorption refrigerating machines of three tunnel throttlings, condenser has cryogen liquid pipeline respectively by choke valve and evaporimeter, one-level absorption-evaporimeter links to each other with secondary absorption-evaporimeter, evaporimeter also has the refrigerant vapour passage to link to each other with one-level absorption-evaporimeter, there is the refrigerant vapour pipeline to link to each other respectively between one-level absorption-evaporimeter and the secondary absorption-evaporimeter with the solution pipeline, be communicated with the solution pipeline by solution pump between one-level absorption-evaporimeter and the generator, generator links to each other with absorber by the solution pipeline, generator has the refrigerant vapour passage to link to each other with condenser, absorber links to each other with secondary absorption-evaporimeter by the solution pipeline, there is the solution pipeline to link to each other respectively between secondary absorption-evaporimeter and the one-level absorption-evaporimeter with the refrigerant vapour pipeline, the medium pipeline that is cooled between absorber and the condenser links to each other, cooled MEDIA FLOW obtains cooling through evaporimeter, it is characterized in that: the cryogen liquid that 1. comes from condenser is divided into three parts, a part enters evaporimeter by the cryogen liquid pipeline that is communicated with between condenser and the evaporimeter through the throttling of the choke valve degree of depth, absorb the heat back evaporation of cooled medium, enter one-level absorption-evaporimeter by from the absorption of the solution of secondary absorptions-evaporimeter and emit heat, another part enters one-level absorption-evaporimeter by the cryogen liquid pipeline that is communicated with condenser and one-level absorption-evaporimeter through the shallow degree throttling of choke valve, becoming the higher refrigerant vapour of temperature after the heat absorption enters secondary absorption-evaporimeter and is absorbed by the solution from absorber and emit heat, again a part through choke valve more the throttling of low degree enter secondary absorption-evaporimeter, become the higher refrigerant vapour of temperature after the heat absorption, enter absorber then and absorbed from the concentrated solution of generator and emit heat; 2. the solution that enters one-level absorption-evaporimeter absorbs the low-pressure steam of flash-pot to become weak solution, squeeze into generator through solution pump, weak solution is discharged high-temperature steam after the heating of external drive thermal source and is entered condenser in generator, concentrated solution after concentration increases enters the refrigerant vapour of absorber absorption from the higher temperature of secondary absorption-evaporimeter, emit heat, solution after concentration reduces enters the refrigerant vapour of secondary absorption-evaporimeter absorption from one-level absorption-evaporimeter again, emit heat and make the cryogen liquid vaporization that enters secondary absorption-evaporimeter, solution after concentration reduces again enters the cryogenic coolant steam that one-level absorption-evaporimeter absorbs flash-pot, emit heat, and make the cryogen liquid vaporization that enters one-level absorption-evaporimeter; 3. cooling medium at first enters the absorber heat absorption, and then enters the condenser heat absorption and make the high temperature refrigerant vapour that enters condenser be condensed into liquid.
As shown in Figure 5 condensate liquid adopts two-way throttling, one road cryogenic fluid pump again in three grades of single-effective absorption refrigerating machines of pressure-raising mode, agent structure and technology and basically identical shown in Figure 4, different is: structurally, be communicated with cryogen liquid pipeline by the cryogen liquid pump between evaporimeter and the one-level absorption-evaporimeter; In technological process, the cryogen liquid one tunnel that comes from condenser enters evaporimeter through the throttling of the choke valve degree of depth, wherein become cryogenic coolant steam after the part absorption refrigeration duty and enter one-level absorption-evaporimeter, do not have the part of vaporization to enter one-level absorption-evaporimeter through the suitable adherence pressure of pressure-raising pump, the vaporization under higher temperature of heat absorption back enters secondary absorption-evaporimeter; Another road is undertaken entering secondary absorption-evaporimeter after the throttling than low degree by choke valve, and the steam that becomes higher temperature after the heat absorption enters absorber.
As shown in Figure 6 condensate liquid adopts throttle full open, cryogenic fluid pump again behind the pressure-raising in three grades of single-effective absorption refrigerating machines of one tunnel throttling, agent structure and technology and basically identical shown in Figure 5, different is: structurally, be communicated with cryogen liquid pipeline by cryogen liquid pump, choke valve between evaporimeter and the one-level absorption-evaporimeter, evaporimeter has cryogen liquid pipeline to be communicated with secondary absorption-evaporimeter through the pressure-raising pump; In the technological process, the cryogen liquid that comes from condenser all enters evaporimeter through the throttling of the choke valve degree of depth, wherein become cryogenic coolant steam after the part absorption refrigeration duty and enter one-level absorption-evaporimeter, do not have the part of vaporization to be divided into two-way behind pressure-raising pump adherence pressure: the one tunnel enters one-level absorption-evaporimeter after the choke valve throttling, the vaporization under higher temperature of heat absorption back enters absorption-evaporimeter, another road directly enters secondary absorption-evaporimeter, and the steam that becomes higher temperature after the heat absorption enters absorber.
Condensate liquid as shown in Figure 7 adopts in the two-stage double-effect absorption refrigerating machine of two-way throttling, condensate liquid more shown in Figure 1 adopts the two-stage single-effective absorption refrigerating machine of two-way throttling, its agent structure is many low pressure generator, other has increased the choke valve that participates in double-effect process, and plays and the solution heat exchanger of certain help is arranged and coagulate water-to-water heat exchanger etc. improving unit performance; On the flow process, weak solution from one-level absorption-evaporimeter, enter high pressure generator and low pressure generator respectively, the weak solution that enters high pressure generator discharges the refrigerant vapour of higher temperature under the high temperature heat source effect, this refrigerant vapour enters low pressure generator and heats the refrigerant vapour that the weak solution that enters in it discharges lower temperature as its driving heat source, the former becomes condensate liquid and enter condenser after expenditure and pressure, cooling, and the latter enters the condenser medium that is cooled and is condensed into liquid; Water-to-water heat exchanger is realized the suitable heating to the weak solution that enters high pressure generator with fixed attention, with the heat energy in the recoverer fractional condensation water.
As shown in Figure 8 condensate liquid adopts throttle full open, cryogenic fluid pump again in the two-stage double-effect absorption refrigerating machine of pressure-raising, basic and basically identical shown in Figure 7 on the structure, different is: structurally, be communicated with cryogen liquid pipeline by the cryogen liquid pump between evaporimeter and the one-level absorption-evaporimeter; In technological process, the cryogen liquid that comes from condenser enters evaporimeter through the throttling of the choke valve degree of depth, wherein a part becomes cryogenic coolant steam after absorbing refrigeration duty, enter one-level absorption-evaporimeter then, enter one-level less than an other part of vaporizing through the suitable adherence pressure of pressure-raising pump and absorb an evaporimeter, vaporizing under higher temperature in the heat absorption back, enters absorber then.
Condensate liquid as shown in Figure 9 adopts in three grades of double-effect absorption refrigerating machines of three tunnel throttlings, condensate liquid more shown in Figure 4 adopts three grades of single-effective absorption refrigerating machines of three tunnel throttlings, its agent structure is many low pressure generator, other has increased the choke valve that participates in double-effect process, and plays and the solution heat exchanger of certain help is arranged and coagulate water-to-water heat exchanger etc. improving unit performance; On the flow process, weak solution from one-level absorption-evaporimeter, enter high pressure generator and low pressure generator respectively, the weak solution that enters high pressure generator discharges the refrigerant vapour of higher temperature under the high temperature heat source effect, this refrigerant vapour enters low pressure generator and heats the refrigerant vapour that the weak solution that enters in it discharges lower temperature as its driving heat source, the former becomes condensate liquid and enter condenser after expenditure and pressure, cooling, and the latter enters the condenser medium that is cooled and is condensed into liquid.
As shown in figure 10 condensate liquid adopts two-way throttling, one road cryogenic fluid pump again in three grades of double-effect absorption refrigerating machines of pressure-raising mode, it and basically identical shown in Figure 9, different is: structurally, be communicated with cryogen liquid pipeline by the cryogen liquid pump between evaporimeter and the one-level absorption-evaporimeter; In technological process, the cryogen liquid one tunnel that comes from condenser enters evaporimeter through the throttling of the choke valve degree of depth, wherein become cryogenic coolant steam after the part absorption refrigeration duty and enter one-level absorption-evaporimeter, do not have the part of vaporization to enter one-level absorption-evaporimeter through the suitable adherence pressure of pressure-raising pump, the vaporization under higher temperature of heat absorption back enters secondary absorption-evaporimeter; Another road is undertaken entering secondary absorption-evaporimeter after the throttling than low degree by choke valve, and the steam that becomes higher temperature after the heat absorption enters absorber.
Condensate liquid as shown in figure 11 adopts the two-stage three-effect absorption-type refrigeration machine of two-way throttling, it is the two-stage three-effect absorption-type refrigeration machine on the two-stage economic benefits and social benefits basis shown in Figure 7, come the weak solution of self-absorption-evaporimeter to divide three the tunnel to enter high pressure generator, low pressure generator and inferior low pressure generator, the refrigerant vapour that high pressure generator produces is as the driving warm of low pressure generator, and the refrigerant vapour that low pressure generator produces enters this low pressure generator and drives heat as it; Become with fixed attention water after throttling enters condenser as the refrigerant vapour that drives heat, the refrigerant vapour that inferior low pressure generator discharges enters the condenser medium condensation that is cooled.
Condensate liquid as shown in figure 12 adopts three grades of three-effect absorption-type refrigeration machines of three tunnel throttlings, and it is consistent with main body shown in Figure 4, and different is that its adopts triple effect pattern, adopts evaporimeter 3B rather than 3A.
Shown in Figure 13 is to have set up control valve to realize the dual-purpose unit of a kind of cold/heat supply that hot fluid is supplied, and condensate liquid more shown in Figure 1 adopts the two-stage single-effective absorption refrigerating machine of two-way throttling, and on the structure, it has set up control valve F1, F2 and F3; On the flow process, when control valve F1, F6 close, when F2, F3, F4 and F5 open, unit is pressed the refrigeration modes operation; When control valve F1, F6 open, when F2, F3, F4 and F5 close, cryogen liquid in the condenser enters absorber and converges and heat release from the solution of generator, solution pump is squeezed into generator with weak solution, and the refrigerant vapour that discharges higher temperature under the driving heat source heating enters condenser; Hot fluid passes in and out absorber successively and condenser is realized heating up.
Shown in Figure 14 is freezes and the dual-purpose unit of cold/heat supply of heat supply simultaneously, the two-stage single-effective absorption refrigerating machine of condensate liquid employing two-way throttling more shown in Figure 1, and on the structure, it has increased hot fluid heat exchanger and hot fluid pump; On the flow process, a part of high temperature refrigerant vapour that produces in the generator enters hot fluid heat exchanger heat hot fluid, and the hot fluid pump is finished the conveying of hot fluid.
In two-stage and multi-stage absorption refrigeration machine and the dual-purpose unit of cold/heat supply, absorption-evaporimeter has been realized the once lifting to cryogenic refrigeration thermic load (low warm) temperature, according to the quantity of absorption-evaporimeter in the refrigeration machine, can be divided into two-stage and multistage (more than the two-stage); Simultaneously, when heat source temperature is high, can adopt economic benefits and social benefits or multiple-effect.Relatively adopt absorber and generator as the cold-producing medium that promotes the thermic load temperature, utilize absorption-evaporimeter to promote temperature, this link does not need driving heat source, and this makes the performance index of two-stage of the present invention and multi-stage absorption refrigeration machine will be higher than the former.
With two-stage sorption refrigerator of the present invention is example, when the import/export of cooling medium temperature is 32 ℃/42 ℃, produce 7 ℃ cold water, adopt the single-stage refrigeration machine of forming by generator, condenser, choke valve, evaporimeter and absorber, about 90 ℃ of the temperature of its generator concentrated solution outlet; And employing adds the two-stage sorption refrigerator of the present invention of absorption-evaporimeter, about 70 ℃ of the temperature of its generator concentrated solution outlet, like this, the driving heat source temperature that two-stage sorption refrigerator of the present invention needs under similarity condition is hanged down about 20 ℃ than the driving heat source temperature that existing single-stage Absorption Refrigerator needs.When two-stage single-effective absorption refrigerating machine of the present invention adopts economic benefits and social benefits, about 100 ℃ of the temperature of generator concentrated solution outlet; Obviously can adopt the more driving heat source of low temperature.Though the relatively existing single-stage refrigeration machine of performance index is low, is prerequisite with same heat source temperature,, can move as refrigeration machine of the present invention in 75 ℃～84 ℃ in some temperature range; Can adopt two-stage dual-effect refrigeration machine of the present invention in 110 ℃～150 ℃, coefficient of refrigerating performance will be higher than existing single-stage single-action refrigeration machine.
Description of drawings:
Fig. 1 is according to provided by the present invention, and condensate liquid adopts the system architecture and the schematic flow sheet of the two-stage single-effective absorption refrigerating machine of two-way throttling.
Fig. 2 is according to provided by the present invention, and condensate liquid adopts throttle full open, cryogenic fluid pump system architecture and the schematic flow sheet of the two-stage single-effective absorption refrigerating machine of pressure-raising again.
Fig. 3 is according to provided by the present invention, and condensate liquid adopts the system architecture and the schematic flow sheet of the two-stage single-effective absorption refrigerating machine of two-way throttling.Be that with different place shown in Figure 1 it has replaced generator with rectifying column, be applicable to the ammonia spirit to be the refrigeration of masterpiece working medium; In addition not with the place be that its evaporimeter adopts the refrigerant medium pattern that heat absorption is evaporated in pipe.
Fig. 4 is that condensate liquid adopts the system architecture and the schematic flow sheet of three grades of single-effective absorption refrigerating machines of three tunnel throttlings according to provided by the present invention.Two-stage refrigeration more shown in Figure 1, the number of absorption-evaporimeter is 2 in the three tier structure cooling system.
Fig. 5 is according to provided by the present invention, and condensate liquid adopts two-way throttling, one road cryogenic fluid pump system architecture and the schematic flow sheet of three grades of single-effective absorption refrigerating machines of pressure-raising mode again.
Fig. 6 is according to provided by the present invention, and condensate liquid adopts throttle full open, the cryogenic fluid pump system architecture and the schematic flow sheet of three grades of single-effective absorption refrigerating machines of one tunnel throttling behind the pressure-raising again.
Fig. 7 is according to provided by the present invention, and condensate liquid adopts the system architecture and the schematic flow sheet of the two-stage double-effect absorption refrigerating machine of two-way throttling.
Fig. 8 is according to provided by the present invention, and condensate liquid adopts throttle full open, cryogenic fluid pump system architecture and the schematic flow sheet of the two-stage double-effect absorption refrigerating machine of pressure-raising again.
Fig. 9 is that condensate liquid adopts the system architecture and the schematic flow sheet of three grades of double-effect absorption refrigerating machines of three tunnel throttlings according to provided by the present invention.
Figure 10 is according to provided by the present invention, and condensate liquid adopts two-way throttling, one road cryogenic fluid pump system architecture and the schematic flow sheet of three grades of double-effect absorption refrigerating machines of pressure-raising mode again.
Figure 11 is according to provided by the present invention, and condensate liquid adopts the system architecture and the schematic flow sheet of the two-stage three-effect absorption-type refrigeration machine of two-way throttling.
Figure 12 is that condensate liquid adopts the system architecture and the schematic flow sheet of three grades of three-effect absorption-type refrigeration machines of three tunnel throttlings according to provided by the present invention.
Shown in Figure 13 is system architecture and the schematic flow sheet of having set up the dual-purpose unit of a kind of cold/heat supply of control valve realization cold/heat supply alternate supplies.
Shown in Figure 14 is freezes and the system architecture and the schematic flow sheet of the dual-purpose unit of cold/heat supply of heat supply simultaneously.
Fig. 1～Figure 12 has showed the different structure and the flow process of two-stage and multistage, economic benefits and social benefits and multiple-effect Absorption Refrigerator, the flow process when Figure 13～Figure 14 has represented two-stage and multi-stage absorption refrigeration machine as the dual-purpose unit of cold/heat supply.
Among the figure, 1-generator/high pressure generator, 2-condenser, the 3A-evaporimeter, 3B-evaporimeter, 4-one-level absorption-evaporimeter, the 5-absorber, 6-choke valve, 7-choke valve, the 8-solution pump, 9-solution heat exchanger, 10-solution heat exchanger, 11-cryogen liquid pump, 12-rectifying column, 13-cryogen liquid recirculation pump, 14-secondary absorption-evaporimeter, 15-solution heat exchanger, 16-choke valve, the 17-choke valve, 18-low pressure generator, 19-choke valve, the 20-solution heat exchanger, 21-coagulates water-to-water heat exchanger, 22-low pressure generator, the 23-choke valve, 24-hot fluid heater, 25-hot fluid pump, F1, F2, the F3-control valve.
Wherein, solution heat exchanger belongs to option, and the former is in order to improve unit performance; Cryogen liquid recirculation pump also belongs to option in order to improve the effect that cryogen liquid absorbs refrigeration duty.
The specific embodiment:
Describe the present invention in detail below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and example.
With provided by the present invention, it is example that condensate liquid adopts the two-stage single-effective absorption refrigerating machine of two-way throttling, as shown in Figure 1, the object of the present invention is achieved like this, 1. on the structure this two-stage single-effective absorption refrigerating machine by generator 1, condenser 2, evaporimeter 3A, one-level absorption-evaporimeter 4, absorber 5, choke valve 6, choke valve 7, solution pump 8, solution heat exchanger 9 and 10 and cryogen liquid recirculation pump 13 formed auxiliary spare part and control corresponding systems such as auxilliary pump, valve, pipe fitting in necessity; 2. the cryogen liquid from condenser 2 divides two-way respectively through entering evaporimeter 3A and one-level absorption-evaporimeter 4 after the choke valve throttling---wherein one the tunnel through choke valve 6 carry out degree of depth throttling step-down, the cooling after enter evaporimeter 3A, the refrigeration duty that absorbs cooled medium becomes cryogenic coolant steam, and then enters one-level absorption-evaporimeter 4 and absorbed by the solution from absorber and emit heat; Another road cryogen liquid carries out entering one-level absorption-evaporimeter 4 after the shallow degree throttling through choke valve 7, and the steam that becomes higher temperature after the heat absorption enters absorber 5 and absorbed by the solution from generator 1 and emit heat; 3. from the weak solution of one-level absorption-evaporimeter 4, by solution pump 8 pressure-raisings, enter generator 1, externally drive and discharge the high temperature refrigerant vapour under the heat heating and enter condenser 2 through solution heat exchanger 9; Concentrated solution enters absorber 5 through solution heat exchanger 10, absorbs from the steam of the higher temperature of one-level absorption-evaporimeter 4 and emits heat; The solution of intermediate concentration enters one-level absorption-evaporimeter 4 through solution heat exchanger 9, absorbs the Low Temperature Steam of flash-pot 3A and emits heat; 4. cooling medium at first enters absorber 5 heat absorptions, and then enters condenser 2 heat absorptions and make the high temperature refrigerant vapour from generator 1 be condensed into liquid.
From flow process, the concrete workflow of each fluid is as follows:
1. cooled medium flow process---cooled medium enter evaporimeter 3A heat release in the refrigerant medium that carries out degree of depth throttling through choke valve 6, make it be vaporized into cryogenic coolant steam; Cryogenic coolant steam enters one-level absorption-evaporimeter 4 and is absorbed the heat emit higher temperature by solution and make another road refrigerant medium that enters one-level absorptions-evaporimeter 4 higher steam of formation temperature that obtains vaporizing, and has realized the first order lifting of cooling load temperature; Along with the increase of absorption-evaporimeter, the cooling load temperature is promoted step by step, in being discharged into environment.Certainly, the lifting of cooling load temperature is also mainly finished by absorber and generator.
2. driving thermal flow process---high temperature driven heat enters generator 1, finishes the heating to the weak solution of coming self-absorption-evaporimeter 4, and the refrigerant vapour that produces high temperature enters condenser 2.
3. the cooling medium flow process---cooling medium at first enters absorber 5, drawing concentrated solution absorbs from liberated heat in the refrigerant vapour process of one-level absorption-evaporimeter 4, then enter condenser 2, enter the external refrigeration system after the heat release of absorption from the high temperature refrigerant vapour of generator 1.
4. the refrigerant vapour flow process---the high temperature refrigerant vapour from generator 1 adds hot fluid in condenser 2, condensation becomes liquid, divides two-way to enter evaporimeter 3A and absorption-evaporimeter 4 respectively after the throttling that choke valve 6 and choke valve 7 carry out in various degree; The refrigerant medium that enters evaporimeter 3A is heated and is vaporized into cryogenic coolant steam, enters one-level absorption-evaporimeter 4, is absorbed by the solution from the higher concentration of absorber 5, emits heat; Enter the refrigerant medium of one-level absorption-evaporimeter 4, draw the refrigerant vapour that becomes higher temperature in the absorption process behind the liberated heat, enter absorber 5 and absorbed, emit the cooling medium that the heat heating enters by concentrated solution from generator 1.
5. the solution flow process---the concentrated solution that comes from generator 1 enters absorber 5 through solution heat exchanger 10, absorption from the refrigerant vapour of the higher temperature of one-level absorption-evaporimeter 4 after concentration reduce, enter one-level absorption-evaporimeter 4 through solution heat exchanger 9, absorbing becomes weak solution behind the cryogenic coolant steam of flash-pot 3A, by solution pump 8, behind solution heat exchanger 9,10, squeeze into generator 1, under the heating that drives heat, discharge the high temperature refrigerant vapour, then become the solution of high concentration again.
As shown in Figure 2, condensate liquid adopts the two-stage single-effective absorption refrigerating machine of a throttling, a cryogenic fluid pump pressure-raising mode, there is not pipeline to link to each other between the condenser 2 that just is it with the former different and the one-level absorption-evaporimeter 4, cryogen liquid all carries out degree of depth throttling by choke valve 6 before this and enters evaporimeter 3A, wherein the thermal evaporation that absorbs in the cooled medium of a part becomes cryogenic coolant steam, and refrigerant vapour enters one-level absorptions-evaporimeter 4 by from the solution absorption of absorber 5 and emit heat; The cryogen liquid that another part is not vaporized enters one-level absorption-evaporimeter 4 behind pressure-raising pump 11 adherence pressures, heat absorption evaporation (higher temperature is correspondingly arranged) becomes the refrigerant vapour of higher temperature under suitable elevated pressures, and this part refrigerant vapour enters absorber 5 and absorbed by the solution from generator 1 and emit heat; The two is as broad as long on other flow process.
As shown in Figure 3, condensate liquid adopts the two-stage single-effective absorption refrigerating machine of two-way throttling, is that with different place shown in Figure 1 it has replaced generator 1 with rectifying column 12, is applicable to the ammonia spirit to be the refrigeration of masterpiece working medium; In addition not with the place be that its evaporimeter 3B adopts the refrigerant medium pattern that heat absorption is evaporated in pipe.
As shown in Figure 4, condensate liquid adopts three grades of single-effective absorption refrigerating machines of three tunnel throttlings, 1. on the structure, these three grades of single-effective absorption refrigerating machines by generator 1, condenser 2, evaporimeter 3A, one-level absorption-evaporimeter 4, secondary absorption-evaporimeter 14, absorber 5, choke valve 6,7 and 16, solution pump 8, solution heat exchanger 9,10 and 15 and cryogen liquid recirculation pump 13 formed auxiliary spare part and control corresponding systems such as auxilliary pump, valve, pipe fitting in necessity; 1. the cryogen liquid that comes from condenser 2 is divided into three parts, a part is carried out degree of depth throttling by the cryogen liquid pipeline between connection condenser 2 and the evaporimeter 3A through choke valve 6 and is entered evaporimeter 3A, absorb the heat back evaporation of cooled medium, enter one-level absorption-evaporimeter 4 by from the solution absorption of secondary absorptions-evaporimeter 14 and emit heat, another part carries out shallow degree throttling by the cryogen liquid pipeline that is communicated with condenser 2 and one-level absorption-evaporimeter 4 through choke valve 7 and enters one-level absorption-evaporimeter 4, becoming the higher refrigerant vapour of temperature after the heat absorption enters secondary absorption-evaporimeter 14 and is absorbed by the solution from absorber 5 and emit heat, a part carries out more through choke valve 16 that the throttling of low degree enters secondary absorption-evaporimeter 14 again, become the higher refrigerant vapour of temperature after the heat absorption, enter absorber 5 then and absorbed by concentrated solution and emit heat from generator 1; 2. the solution that enters one-level absorption-evaporimeter 4 absorbs the low-pressure steam of flash-pot 3A to become weak solution, squeeze into generator 1 through solution pump 8, weak solution is discharged high-temperature steam after the heating of external drive thermal source and is entered condenser 2 in generator 1, concentrated solution after concentration increases enters the refrigerant vapour that absorber 5 absorbs from the higher temperature of secondary absorption-evaporimeter 14, emit heat, solution after concentration reduces enters the refrigerant vapour that secondary absorption-evaporimeter 14 absorbs from one-level absorption-evaporimeter 4 again, emit heat and make the cryogen liquid vaporization that enters secondary absorption-evaporimeter 14, solution after concentration reduces again enters the cryogenic coolant steam that one-level absorption-evaporimeter 4 absorbs flash-pot 3A, emit heat, and make the cryogen liquid vaporization that enters one-level absorption-evaporimeter 4; 3. cooling medium at first enters absorber 5 heat absorptions, and then enters condenser 2 heat absorptions and make the high temperature refrigerant vapour condensation that enters condenser 2.
Condensate liquid shown in Figure 5 adopts two-way throttling, one road cryogenic fluid pump three grades of single-effective absorption refrigerating machines of pressure-raising mode again, agent structure and technology and basically identical shown in Figure 4, different is: structurally, it has lacked choke valve 7, many cryogen liquid pumps 11, between evaporimeter 3A and the one-level absorptions-evaporimeter 4 by cryogen liquid pump connection cryogen liquid pipeline; In the technological process, the cryogen liquid one tunnel that comes from condenser 2 enters evaporimeter 3A through choke valve 6 degree of depth throttlings, wherein become cryogenic coolant steam after the part absorption refrigeration duty and enter one-level absorption-evaporimeter 4, do not have the part of vaporization to enter one-level absorption-evaporimeter 4 through pressure-raising pump 11 suitable adherence pressures, the vaporization under higher temperature of heat absorption back enters absorption-evaporimeter 14; Enter secondary absorption-evaporimeter 14 after the throttling that another road is undertaken than low degree by choke valve 16, the steam that becomes higher temperature after the heat absorption enters absorber 5.
Condensate liquid shown in Figure 6 adopts throttle full open, cryogenic fluid pump three grades of single-effective absorption refrigerating machines of one tunnel throttling behind the pressure-raising again, agent structure and technology and basically identical shown in Figure 5, different is: structurally, it has lacked choke valve 16, many choke valves 17, be communicated with cryogen liquid pipeline by cryogen liquid pump 11, choke valve 17 between evaporimeter 3A and the one-level absorption-evaporimeter 4, evaporimeter 3A has cryogen liquid pipeline to be communicated with secondary absorption-evaporimeter 14 through pressure-raising pump 11; In the technological process, the cryogen liquid that comes from condenser 2 all enters evaporimeter 3A through choke valve 6 degree of depth throttlings, wherein become cryogenic coolant steam after the part absorption refrigeration duty and enter one-level absorption-evaporimeter 4, the part that does not have vaporization is through being divided into two-way behind pressure-raising pump 11 adherence pressures: the one tunnel enters one-level absorption-evaporimeter 4 after choke valve 17 throttlings, the vaporization under higher temperature of heat absorption back enters absorption-evaporimeter 14, another road directly enters secondary absorption-evaporimeter 14, and the steam that becomes higher temperature after the heat absorption enters absorber 5.
Two-stage and multi-stage absorption refrigeration machine from Fig. 1～the present invention shown in Figure 6, on structure, along with the increase of progression, the quantity of absorption-evaporimeter also increases, and progression equals to absorb-and the number of evaporimeter subtracts one.
Condensate liquid shown in Figure 7 adopts the two-stage double-effect absorption refrigerating machine of two-way throttling, it is the dual-effect refrigeration machine of two-stage single-effective absorption refrigerating machine shown in Figure 1, its agent structure is many low pressure generator 18, other has increased the choke valve 19 that participates in double-effect process, and plays and the solution heat exchanger 20 of certain help is arranged and coagulate water-to-water heat exchanger 21 etc. improving unit performance; On the flow process, weak solution from one-level absorption-evaporimeter 4, enter high pressure generator 1 and low pressure generator 18 respectively, the weak solution that enters high pressure generator 1 discharges the refrigerant vapour of higher temperature under the high temperature heat source effect, this refrigerant vapour enters low pressure generator 18, and heating enters the refrigerant vapour that weak solution in it discharges lower temperature as its driving heat source, and the former becomes condensate liquid to enter condenser 2 medium that is cooled behind choke valve 19 expenditure and pressures, desuperheat to be condensed into liquid; Coagulate the suitable heating that water-to-water heat exchanger 21 is realized the weak solution that enters high pressure generator 1, with the heat energy in the recoverer fractional condensation water.
Condensate liquid shown in Figure 8 adopts the two-stage double-effect absorption refrigerating machine of two-way throttling, it is the dual effect type of two-stage single-effective absorption refrigerating machine shown in Figure 2, its agent structure is many low pressure generator 18, other has increased the choke valve 19 that participates in double-effect process, and plays and to improving unit performance the solution heat exchanger 20 of certain help is arranged; Its double-effect process is consistent in the two-stage double-effect absorption refrigerating machine as shown in Figure 7.
Condensate liquid shown in Figure 9 adopts three grades of double-effect absorption refrigerating machines of three tunnel throttlings, it is the dual-effect refrigeration machine of three grades of single-effective absorption refrigerating machines shown in Figure 4, its agent structure is many low pressure generator 18, other has increased the choke valve 19 that participates in double-effect process, and plays and to improving unit performance the solution heat exchanger 20 of certain help is arranged; Its double-effect process is consistent in the two-stage double-effect absorption refrigerating machine as shown in Figure 7.
Condensate liquid shown in Figure 10 adopts two-way throttling, one road cryogenic fluid pump three grades of double-effect absorption refrigerating machines of pressure-raising mode again, it is the dual effect type of three grades of single-effective absorption refrigerating machines shown in Figure 5, its agent structure is many low pressure generator 18, other has increased the choke valve 19 that participates in double-effect process, and plays and to improving unit performance the solution heat exchanger 20 of certain help is arranged; Its double-effect process is consistent in the two-stage double-effect absorption refrigerating machine as shown in Figure 7.
Condensate liquid shown in Figure 11 adopts the two-stage three-effect absorption-type refrigeration machine of two-way throttling, is the triple effect type of two-stage double-effect absorption refrigerating machine shown in Figure 7, its agent structure is many one low pressure generator 22, and other has increased the choke valve 23 that participates in the triple effect flow process; Its triple effect flow process is achieved in that the weak solution of self-absorption-evaporimeter 4 to divide three the tunnel to enter high pressure generator 1, low pressure generator 18 and inferior low pressure generator 22, the refrigerant vapour that high pressure generator 1 produces is as the driving warm of low pressure generator 18, and the refrigerant vapour that low pressure generator 18 produces enters time low pressure generator 22 and drives heat as it; Become with fixed attention water after throttling enters condenser 2 as the refrigerant vapour that drives heat, the refrigerant vapour that inferior low pressure generator 22 discharges enters the condenser 2 medium condensation that is cooled; The refrigerant vapour of finishing the heated solution effect in low pressure generator 18 and time low pressure generator 22 respectively becomes condensate liquid, enters condenser 2 respectively after choke valve 19 and 23 throttlings.
Condensate liquid shown in Figure 12 adopts three grades of three-effect absorption-type refrigeration machines of three tunnel throttlings, it is the main body mechanism and the flow process basically identical of two-stage dual-effect refrigeration machine shown in Figure 9, different is that it adopts the triple effect pattern, adopt evaporimeter 3B rather than 3A, increased inferior low pressure generator 22 and increased the choke valve 23 that participates in the triple effect flow process with other; Its triple effect flow process is the triple effect flow process unanimity of refrigeration machine as shown in figure 11.
Shown in Figure 13 is to have set up control valve to realize the dual-purpose unit of a kind of cold/heat supply that hot fluid is supplied, and condensate liquid more shown in Figure 1 adopts the two-stage single-effective absorption refrigerating machine of two-way throttling, and it has set up control valve F1, F2 and F3; When control valve F1, F6 close, when F2, F3, F4 and F5 open, unit is pressed the refrigeration modes operation; When control valve F1, F6 open, when F2, F3, F4 and F5 close, cryogen liquid in the condenser 2 enters absorber 5 and converges and heat release with solution from generator 1, solution pump 8 is squeezed into generator 1 with weak solution, and the refrigerant vapour that discharges higher temperature under the driving heat source heating enters condenser 2; Hot fluid passes in and out absorber 5 successively and condenser 2 is realized heating up.
Shown in Figure 14 is freezes and the dual-purpose unit of cold/heat supply of heat supply simultaneously, condensate liquid more shown in Figure 1 adopts the two-stage single-effective absorption refrigerating machine of two-way throttling, it has increased hot fluid heat exchanger 24 and hot fluid pump 25, the a part of high temperature refrigerant vapour that produces in the generator 1 enters hot fluid heat exchanger 24 heat hot fluids, and hot fluid pump 25 is finished the conveying of hot fluid.
The effect that the technology of the present invention can realize---two-stage and multi-stage absorption refrigeration machine proposed by the invention have following effect and advantage:
1. can reduce the temperature of driving heat source, enlarge the scope of application of driving heat source, especially to utilizing the low-temperature waste heat refrigeration to have Positive effect.
2. compare with the two-stage refrigeration machine of two pairs of absorbers and generator with single-stage, in the uniform temperature interval, temperature drives equally Under the moving thermal source, such two-stage is relative high with the performance index of multi-stage absorption refrigeration machine.
3. utilizing the occasions such as low temperature exhaust heat and heat-electricity-cold combined supply, the two-stage absorption refrigeration has preferably energy-saving benefit.
4. in case of necessity, can reduce the temperature of concentrated solution in the generator, avoid or reduce the corrosion that solution herein may cause equipment, Improve device security.
5. can reduce the temperature requirement of cooling medium, reduce to a certain extent the energy consumption of cooling system.
Claims (8)
1. two-stage and multi-stage absorption refrigeration machine, be divided into economic benefits and social benefits and multiple-effect, mainly formed by generator, condenser, evaporimeter, absorption-evaporimeter, absorber, choke valve, low pressure generator, inferior low pressure generator, solution pump, cryogen liquid pump and solution heat exchanger; Condenser (2) or have cryogen liquid pipeline through choke valve (6), choke valve (7) and choke valve (12) respectively or (3B) with evaporimeter (3A), absorption-evaporimeter (4) links to each other with absorption-evaporimeter (14), or has cryogen liquid pipeline to link to each other, have cryogen liquid pipeline to be communicated with absorption-evaporimeter (4) through cryogen liquid pump (11) through choke valve (6) with evaporimeter (3A) or (3B); Evaporimeter (3A) or (3B) have the refrigerant vapour passage to link to each other with absorption-evaporimeter (4), be communicated with the solution pipeline by solution pump (8) between absorption-evaporimeter (4) and the generator (1), between generator (1) and the absorber (5) the solution pipeline connection is arranged, there is solution pipeline to link to each other between absorber (5) and absorption-evaporimeter (4)/(14), there is the solution pipeline to link to each other between absorption-evaporimeter (4) and the absorption-evaporimeter (14), generator (1) has the refrigerant vapour passage to link to each other with condenser (2), it is characterized in that: condenser (2) combines with pump (11) by choke valve (6)/(7)/(16) and choke valve (7)/(16), be communicated with respectively directly or indirectly evaporimeter (3A) or (3B), absorption-evaporimeter (4) and absorption-evaporimeter (14), cryogen liquid respectively at evaporimeter (3A) or (3B), vaporize after absorbing refrigeration duty in absorption-evaporimeter (4) and the absorption-evaporimeter (14), provide refrigerant vapour to absorption-evaporimeter (4)/(14) or absorber (5); Weak solution enters generator (1) through solution pump (8), the high temperature refrigerant vapour that discharges that is heated enters condenser (2), concentrated solution enters absorber (5), absorption-evaporimeter (14) and absorption-evaporimeter (4) successively, finishes the absorption to the refrigerant vapour that enters; Cooling medium passes in and out absorber (5) successively and condenser (2) is finished endothermic process.
2. two-stage according to claim 1 and multi-stage absorption refrigeration machine is characterized in that adopting choke valve or choke valve to realize that in conjunction with the cryogen liquid pump refrigerant medium is by direct or the transmission of condenser to evaporimeter, absorption-evaporimeter.
3. two-stage according to claim 1 and multi-stage absorption refrigeration machine, when it is characterized in that adopting generator, can adopt with the lithium bromide water solution is that the solution of representative is made working medium; When substituting generator with rectifying column, can adopt with ammoniacal liquor is that the solution of representative is made working medium.
4. two-stage according to claim 1 and multi-stage absorption refrigeration machine, it is characterized in that described evaporimeter be divided into cooled MEDIA FLOW in heat-exchanging tube bundle and heat-exchanging tube bundle outside dual mode.
5. two-stage according to claim 1 and multi-stage absorption refrigeration machine, it is characterized in that increasing low pressure generator (18)/time low pressure generator (22), choke valve (19)/(23), the refrigerant vapour that generator (1)/low pressure generator (18) produces enters low pressure generator (18)/time low pressure generator (22), can constitute economic benefits and social benefits/multiple-effect unit.
6. two-stage according to claim 1 and multi-stage absorption refrigeration machine when it is characterized in that increasing control valve F1, F2, F3, F4, F5, F6 or hot water heat exchanger (24) and heat-exchanger pump (25), are the dual-purpose unit of absorption cold/heat supply.
7. two-stage according to claim 1 and multi-stage absorption refrigeration machine, it is characterized in that in two-stage sorption refrigerator, the refrigerant vapour that offers absorber is produced by absorption-evaporimeter and provides, evaporimeter provides absorption process needed refrigerant vapour to absorption-evaporimeter, and the heat release of absorption process is heated the cryogen liquid of the heat-exchanging tube bundle of flowing through and made it carburation by evaporation.
8. two-stage according to claim 1 and multi-stage absorption refrigeration machine, it is characterized in that in the multi-stage absorption refrigeration machine, the refrigerant vapour that offers absorber is provided by one-level absorption-evaporimeter, one-level absorption-evaporimeter provides absorption process needed refrigerant vapour to upper level absorption-evaporimeter step by step, and one by one the heat heating of emitting of the absorption process of upper level absorption-evaporimeter flow through in the heat-exchanging tube bundle cryogen liquid and make it carburation by evaporation.
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Address after: 266555 Shandong Jiangshan Qingdao economic and Technological Development Zone, Road No. 123 Building 1 unit 5 Jiangshan Ruicheng room 2101 Patentee after: Li Huayu Address before: 257061, No. 271, two North Road, Dongying District, Shandong, Dongying, China University of Petroleum (Hua Dong) 7082501 Patentee before: Li Huayu |