CN105949367B - 一种亲水/疏水互穿网络结构聚合物电解质膜及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明属于高分子材料的技术领域,涉及一种聚合物电解质膜燃料电池部件,即聚合物电解质膜及其制备方法。将亲水性离子液体、疏水性离子液体、引发剂、交联剂混合均匀,进行原位聚合得到聚合物电解质膜。本发明中由亲水离子液体和疏水离子液体形成亲水/疏水互穿网络结构,得到的聚合物电解质膜电导率较高,性能良好,具有良好的热稳定和化学稳定性,并具有较低的甲醇渗透率和良好的机械性能。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于高分子材料的技术领域,涉及一种聚合物电解质膜燃料电池部件,即聚合物电解质膜及其制备方法。
背景技术
聚合物电解质膜是燃料电池的关键组件,起到传导离子和阻隔燃料的双重作用,其性能的好坏直接影响着燃料电池的使用性能和寿命。
目前,应用最广的聚合物电解质膜是以Nafion膜为代表的全氟磺酸膜,Nafion膜具有优异的化学稳定性和较高的电导率。然而,Nafion膜高昂的价格,高甲醇渗透率,以及氟污染等缺点却限制其进一步应用。为此,科研工作者都在积极寻找制备价格低廉性能良好的新型聚合物作为Nafion膜的替代品。
离子液体是一种有机盐,具有低挥发性,高电导率,良好的化学稳定性和热力学稳定性等优点,可用于制备聚合物电解质膜材料将不同离子液体加入到Nafion膜中制备得到离子液体/Nafion复合膜,在120℃干燥条件下其电导率是相同条件下Nafion膜的100倍。然而,这种方法的缺点是离子液体容易从聚合物膜中渗漏出来,严重影响聚合物电解质膜的性能和寿命。
因此,需要寻求更为有效的方法,制备低成本、低甲醇渗透率的和优异机械强度的聚合物电解质膜。
发明内容
本发明提供了一种性能良好的新型聚合物电解质膜,克服了现有的聚合物电解质膜成本高和高甲醇渗透率的缺陷。
聚合物电解质膜为由亲水性离子液体和疏水性离子液体共聚而成的、具有互穿网络结构的聚合物电解质膜。
本发明还提供了一种上述聚合物电解质膜的制备方法,工艺为:
将亲水性离子液体、疏水性离子液体、引发剂、交联剂以90~10:10~90:0.3~1:2~10的重量比混合,将所得混合物混合均匀后进行原位聚合,得到聚合物电解质膜,
其中,亲水性离子液体为 中的一种或几种的混合物,n为0~10的整数,X为Cl、HSO4、H2PO4、或CF3SO3,Y为I、Br或Cl;
疏水性离子液体为的一种或几种的混合物,n为0~10的整数,Z为PF6或(CF3SO2)2N;
引发剂为安息香类、
原位聚合的引发方式为加热、紫外光照或者γ射线引发。
本发明的有益效果在于:
(1)本发明设计的聚合物电解质膜原料价格低廉,成本低;
(2)本发明设计的聚合物电解质膜含有离子液体的结构,结合了离子液体和聚合物的优势,具有良好的热力学稳定性;
(3)本发明设计的聚合物电解质膜将聚合型亲水性离子液体单体与疏水性离子液体单体共聚合,离子液体参与聚合,不存在离子液体渗漏的问题;通过交联剂的加入不但确保了机械性能稳定,同时还满足聚合物膜在导电方面的使用要求;
(4)本发明设计的聚合物电解质膜由于亲水/疏水互穿网络结构的形成使得聚合物电解质膜具有较高的电导率:亲水性离子液体形成的连续通道(碳碳双键聚合、交联所形成的网络结构上,亲水性离子液体上带有的各个亲水基团存在相互聚集、相连到一起的趋势,从而形成连续通道;同样疏水性基团间也是如此)有助于质子的快速传递,好比是高速公路,提高了传递效率;同样,疏水离子液体形成的网络通道有助于阴离子的传递;
(5)本发明设计的聚合物电解质膜机械性能和甲醇渗透率可以简单地通过改变交联剂的用量进行调节。
具体实施方式
实施例1
将0.20g、0.40g、安息香乙醚0.01g、二乙烯基苯0.02g混合均匀,涂到模具上,紫外光照(波长240nm-380nm)30min,原位聚合成膜。
本实施例获得的聚合物电解质膜室温电导率达到6.21×10-3S·cm-1,甲醇渗透率为1.15×10-6cm2s-1,储能模量为621MPa。
实施例2
将0.30g、0.10g、安息香乙醚0.01g、二乙烯基苯0.02g混合均匀,涂到模具上,紫外光照(波长240nm-380nm)30min,原位聚合成膜。
本实施例获得的聚合物电解质膜室温电导率达到8.72×10-3S·cm-1,甲醇渗透率为3.12×10-6cm2s-1,储能模量为451MPa。
实施例3
将0.90g、0.10g、偶氮二异丁腈0.02g、二乙烯基苯0.03g混合均匀,涂到模具上,75℃下聚合6个小时,原位聚合成膜。
本实施例获得的聚合物电解质膜室温电导率达到5.02×10-3S·cm-1,甲醇渗透率为5.27×10-6cm2s-1,储能模量为342MPa。
实施例4
将0.10g、0.20g、0.20g、安息香乙醚0.01g、二乙烯基苯0.02g混合均匀,涂到模具上,γ射线照射10s,原位聚合成膜。
本实施例获得的聚合物电解质膜室温电导率达到8.82×10-3S·cm-1,甲醇渗透率为2.11×10-6cm2s-1,储能模量为462MPa。
实施例5
将0.20g、0.20g、安息香乙醚0.01g、二乙烯基苯0.05g混合均匀,涂到模具上,紫外光照(波长240nm-380nm)30min,原位聚合成膜。
本实施例获得的聚合物电解质膜室温电导率达到8.66×10-3S·cm-1,甲醇渗透率为1.87×10-6cm2s-1,储能模量为502MPa。
实施例6
将0.25g、0.15g、0.10g、0.01g、二乙烯基苯0.03g混合均匀,涂到模具上,紫外光照(波长240nm-380nm)30min,原位聚合成膜。
本实施例获得的聚合物电解质膜室温电导率达到7.92×10-3S·cm-1,甲醇渗透率为5.25×10-6cm2s-1,储能模量为379MPa。
实施例7
将0.05g、0.45g、0.01g、二乙烯基苯0.02g混合均匀,涂到模具上,紫外光照(波长240nm-380nm)30min,原位聚合成膜。
本实施例获得的聚合物电解质膜室温电导率达到3.19×10-3S·cm-1,甲醇渗透率为0.87×10-6cm2s-1,储能模量为782MPa。
实施例8
将0.30g、0.20g、0.01g、二乙烯基苯0.02g混合均匀,涂到模具上,紫外光照(波长240nm-380nm)30min,原位聚合成膜。
本实施例获得的聚合物电解质膜室温电导率达到8.61×10-3S·cm-1,甲醇渗透率为2.36×10-6cm2s-1,储能模量为491MPa。
对比实施例1
将实施例1中的疏水性离子液体换成等量的亲水性离子液体,其余工艺同实施例1不变,具体操作为:
将0.20g、0.40g、安息香乙醚0.01g、二乙烯基苯0.02g混合均匀,涂到模具上,紫外光照(波长240nm-380nm)30min,原位聚合成膜。
本实施例获得的聚合物电解质膜室温电导率仅为3.29×10-3S·cm-1,甲醇渗透率为5.88×10-6cm2s-1,储能模量为409MPa。
Claims (3)
1.一种聚合物电解质膜的制备方法,其特征在于:所述的制备方法为,
将亲水性离子液体、疏水性离子液体、引发剂、交联剂以90~10:10~90:0.3~1:2~10的重量比混合,将所得混合物混合均匀后进行原位聚合,得到聚合物电解质膜;
其中,所述得到的聚合物电解质膜为由亲水性离子液体和疏水性离子液体共聚而成的,具有互穿网络结构,用于燃料电池;
所述的亲水性离子液体为
中的一种或几种的混合物,n为0~10的整数,X为Cl、HSO4、H2PO4、或CF3SO3,Y为I、Br或Cl;
所述的疏水性离子液体为
中的一种或几种的混合物,n为0~10的整数,Z为PF6或(CF3SO2)2N。
2.如权利要求1所述的聚合物电解质膜的制备方法,其特征在于:所述的引发剂为安息香类、
3.如权利要求1所述的聚合物电解质膜的制备方法,其特征在于:所述的原位聚合的引发方式为加热、紫外光照或者γ射线引发。
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