CN105945430B - A kind of low power laser high-efficiency welding method based on micro-beam plasma arc induction - Google Patents
A kind of low power laser high-efficiency welding method based on micro-beam plasma arc induction Download PDFInfo
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- CN105945430B CN105945430B CN201610368845.5A CN201610368845A CN105945430B CN 105945430 B CN105945430 B CN 105945430B CN 201610368845 A CN201610368845 A CN 201610368845A CN 105945430 B CN105945430 B CN 105945430B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/346—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring in combination with welding or cutting covered by groups B23K5/00 - B23K25/00, e.g. in combination with resistance welding
- B23K26/348—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring in combination with welding or cutting covered by groups B23K5/00 - B23K25/00, e.g. in combination with resistance welding in combination with arc heating, e.g. TIG [tungsten inert gas], MIG [metal inert gas] or plasma welding
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2101/00—Articles made by soldering, welding or cutting
- B23K2101/18—Sheet panels
- B23K2101/185—Tailored blanks
Abstract
The present invention discloses a kind of low power laser high-efficiency welding method based on micro-beam plasma arc induction, inducing action and its auxiliary heat effect of the method by micro-beam plasma arc to laser plasma, realize to the instable suppression of keyhole, improve thermal absorptivity of the material to laser heat source energy.The micro-beam plasma arc minor arc current range that the method is used is 20A~50A, pulse laser beam pulse peak power scope is 5kW~10kW, by the output energy for adjusting laser beam and the relative position relation, beam spot registration and micro-beam plasma arc and laser beam of micro-beam plasma arc, the highest energy efficiency of low powder pulsed laser heat source is fully inspired, the welding parameter scope that low power laser obtains stabilization penetration fustion welding effect is expanded.The efficient penetration fustion welding of common metal material can be realized using the present invention, is particularly suited for high efficiency, the low energy consumption welding of the light alloy materials such as aluminium alloy, magnesium alloy.
Description
Technical field
It is especially suitable the present invention relates to method for laser welding, it is adaptable to the efficient welding of common metal thin-plate structure muterial
In the welding to laser energy with materials such as aluminium alloy, the magnesium alloys of high reflectance.
Background technology
The need for due to environmental protection and energy-conservation, the lightweight of the vehicles such as automobile has become trend, enable aluminum alloy to,
Popularization and application of the light alloy materials such as magnesium alloy in vehicles manufacture turn into inexorable trend.The light alloy materials such as aluminium alloy have
Have heat conduction higher, electric conductivity, manufacture link, it is desirable to provide welding energy relatively higher could realize high efficiency,
High-quality welding, this undoubtedly increases energy resource consumption, increased the energy cost in production.With the high speed development of science and technology, weldering
Connect manufacture and higher and higher requirement is proposed to production efficiency, the accuracy of manufacture and quality stability.Meanwhile, high efficiency, low energy consumption
Modern Manufacturing Technology have become the important developing direction in one, manufacture field.
Laser Welding is a kind of efficient solder technology, and because laser welding heat-source energy density is big, heat input is low, make weldering
Connect that heat affected area is narrow, thermal deformation is small, easily realize deep molten and repeatable accuracy high welding.But, relatively low gap bridging ability is but
Laser welding is set to propose requirements at the higher level to assembly precision.Laser+electric arc combined solder technology utilizes electric arc thermal source active area
Big the characteristics of, compensate for the shortcoming of single laser welding thermal source gap bridging scarce capacity, while can also realize that efficient depth melts
Welding.By the research and extension in more than 30 years, laser+electric arc combined welding for domestic and foreign scholars are accepted extensively, makes
The electric arc thermal source of multi-form, such as TIG, MIG, MAG electric arc, are realized multiple by paraxonic or coaxial manner with laser heat source
Close, and do not turn off and send welding technology and be applied to different materials and structure.
In order to obtain larger welding penetration, welding efficiency higher is realized, laser+electric arc combined solder technology is selected substantially
With laser power in more than 2kW even more powerful lasers, and freedom of the matching with relatively large welding current mostly
Electric arc.This makes laser+electric arc combined solder technology while high efficient production is obtained, and production equipment cost input is higher, energy
Amount consumption is larger.Even if also typically matching energy effect and more dissipating in the low-power laser of below 1kW from laser power
TIG electric arcs (free electric arc) be used for composite welding, its arc current numerical value makes low power laser usually in 80~more than 100A
The welding efficiency lifting that+electric arc combined welding is obtained is relatively limited, will otherwise improve arc current, causes entering for energy ezpenditure
One step increases.Also, in laser+electric arc combined welding process, due to the relative diverging of free arc energy effect, make arc heat
The energy in source does not obtain efficiently utilization, directly affects the efficient utilization of laser energy yet, and this is low power laser+electric arc
The lifting of composite welding penetration effect and welding efficiency leaves further improved space.
Relative to free electric arcs such as TIG, MIG, the MAG for being usually used in laser+electric arc combined welding, micro-beam plasma arc has
In energy active set, arc stability, the advantages of energy ezpenditure is small, welding quality repeatable accuracy is high.But due to micro-beam plasma arc
Be often based upon minimum welding current to produce, make its fusion penetration when for welding smaller, low production efficiency, be typically only used for it is small and
Thin metal device welding, limits its range of application.And pulsed laser welding thermal source has, and pulse power is high, evenly heat is defeated
Enter the features such as low, energy density is big, it is possible to achieve deep molten and repeatable accuracy high welding.But for light alloy materials such as aluminium alloys,
Because material thermal conductivity and electrical conductivity are big, the reflectivity to laser is higher, makes material relatively low to the absorptivity of laser energy, influence
Welding efficiency and fusion penetration quality, this shows especially prominent in low power laser welding.Therefore, for light-alloys such as aluminium alloys
No matter material, connect or low powder pulsed laser welding, although energy consumption is low, but is difficult to from micro-plasma arc welding
High efficiency penetration fustion welding.Based on above-mentioned situation, welding efficiency, welding energy consumption and manufacturing cost are seemingly difficult to three and take into account.
The content of the invention
The present invention be directed to common metal plate structural material, especially have to laser energy high reflectance aluminium alloy,
A kind of materials such as magnesium alloy, there is provided low power laser high-efficiency welding method based on micro-beam plasma arc induction.The method can
The efficient penetration fustion welding of common metal material is realized, is particularly suited for the high efficiency of the light alloy materials such as aluminium alloy, magnesium alloy, low
Energy consumption is welded.
The present invention takes following technical scheme：
A kind of low power laser high-efficiency welding method based on micro-beam plasma arc induction, the method is by microplasma
Inducing action and its auxiliary heat effect of the arc to laser plasma, realize, to the instable suppression of keyhole, improving material
It is as follows the step of the welding method to the thermal absorptivity of laser heat source energy：
(1) adjustment laser beam exits direction, makes it with vertical guide into 0 °~15 ° angles；
(2) microplasma welding gun is adjusted, makes micro-beam plasma arc exit direction with laser beam into 15 °~30 ° angles；
(3) calibration laser welding gun and micro-plasma arc welding rifle relative position, make outgoing laser beam and outgoing microbeam etc. from
Subarc is generally aligned in the same plane, and is reference to weld direction of advance, and preceding, laser welding gun is rear for microplasma welding gun；
(4) arc that ignites of micro-beam plasma arc is worked, calibrate laser welding gun and microplasma welding gun relative position, make
Laser beam overlaps in the beam spot of workpiece planarization with micro-beam plasma arc beam spot, and registration judgment principle is：Laser beam spot is located at micro-
The rear side of direction of advance in the range of beam plasma arc beam spot.
(5) make to ignite the of short duration workpiece surface position to be welded that acts on of arc no more than 5 seconds duration generation pre-heat effects, then draw
Arc makes the minor arc of micro-beam plasma arc start working, and minor arc current range is 20A~50A, and is the direct-current arc of continuous output
Electric current.Start laser works simultaneously, shoot laser beam, welding starts, and laser beam is pulse laser beam, pulse peak power model
It is 5kW~10kW to enclose, and specified laser power is no more than 600W.
(6) at the end of welding, laser beam exits are first closed down, then extinguishes micro-beam plasma arc, postpone to stop protection gas, and tie
Beam whole welding process.
The power supply for producing micro-beam plasma arc is dc source, and electrode connection is that tungsten electrode connects power cathode for negative electrode,
Workpiece connects positive source for anode.
Inducing action and its auxiliary heat effect of the present invention by micro-beam plasma arc to laser plasma, realize to keyhole
The instable suppression of effect, improves thermal absorptivity of the material to laser heat source energy.Its innovation is to utilize microplasma
Arc energy acts on the characteristic that relatively free electric arc is more concentrated, and more excellent arc stability and electric conductivity, improves material
Expect to the thermal absorptivity of laser heat source energy, the activity of induced laser plasma, reduce its absorption to laser energy and dissipate
Penetrate, and suppress the unstability of keyhole.So as to fully inspire the highest energy efficiency of low powder pulsed laser heat source, expand low
Power laser obtains the welding parameter scope of stabilization penetration fustion welding effect, realizes the height of the light alloy materials such as aluminium alloy, magnesium alloy
Efficiency, low energy consumption welding.
The present invention has advantages below compared with prior art：
(1) welding heat source energy density is big, and bridging ability in gap is strong, and heat input is low, and welding heat affected zone is narrow, thermal deformation
It is small, easily realize repeatable accuracy welding high；
(2) welding heat source penetration power is strong, is capable of achieving penetration fustion welding, and the incidence of the cavity type defect such as stomata is low；
(3) strong adaptability, is adapted to the welding of various metals material, and be especially suitable for aluminium alloy etc. has high reflectance to laser
Light alloy material welding；
(4) energy ezpenditure is low, and welding efficiency is high, is capable of achieving low power laser penetration fustion welding.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the pulse laser welding welding system composition schematic diagram of micro-beam plasma arc induction.
Fig. 2 is that embodiment 1 welds the magnesium alloy seam cross-section pattern for obtaining.
Fig. 3 is that embodiment 2 welds the Titanium Alloy Welds cross-sectional morphology for obtaining.
In figure, 1 laser, 2 micro-beam plasma arc welding power-supplies, 3 optical systems, 4 laser welding guns, 5 working gas, 6 are protected
Shield gas, 7 micro-plasma arc welding rifles, 8 laser beams, 9 micro-beam plasma arcs, 10 workpiece, 11, welding direction of advance.
Specific embodiment
With reference to specific embodiment, the present invention is expanded on further.
Referring to Fig. 1, realize that the pulse laser welding welding system of the micro-beam plasma arc induction of the inventive method includes laser
The devices such as device 1, micro-beam plasma arc welding power-supply 2, optical system 3, laser welding gun 4, micro-plasma arc welding rifle 7.Laser 1
By optical system 3 by the shoot laser beam of laser welding gun 4, laser beam keeps 0-15 ° of angle with vertical guide to the laser for sending.It is micro-
Beam PLASMA ARC WELDING power supply 2 is the direct-current arc electricity that micro-plasma arc welding rifle 7 provides that scope is the continuous outputs of 20A~50A
Stream.The relative position of microplasma welding gun and laser welding gun 4 meets：Micro-beam plasma arc exit direction is with laser beam into 15 °
~30 ° of angles, shoot laser beam is generally aligned in the same plane with outgoing micro-beam plasma arc, and is reference to weld direction of advance, micro-
Preceding, laser welding gun is rear for beam plasma gun.
Embodiment 1：
Workpiece to be welded is two pieces of I types groove docking of the AZ31B magnesium alloy sheet structural materials of thickness 4mm, is made
Tungsten electrode is Ce-W electrode, and for tungsten electrode for negative electrode connects power cathode, workpiece connects positive source to electrode connection for anode.Microbeam etc.
Ion arc minor arc electric current is 40A, and pulse laser peak power is 5kW, and pulse width is 6ms, and laser beam is with vertical guide angle
5 °, the exit direction of micro-beam plasma arc 9 and laser beam are into 25 ° of angles.Protective gas that micro-beam plasma arc and laser are used and
Working gas is pure argon, and shield gas flow rate is 15L/min.During welding, first calibration of laser welding gun 4 and microplasma
The relative position of arc welding torch 7, makes laser beam and vertical guide angle be 5 °, and micro-beam plasma arc exit direction is pressed from both sides with laser beam into 25 °
Angle, and be reference to weld direction of advance 11, makes microplasma welding gun 7 preceding, and laser welding gun 4 makes laser beam in work rear
The beam spot of part plane overlaps with micro-beam plasma arc beam spot, and laser beam spot is located at direction of advance in the range of micro-beam plasma arc beam spot
Rear side.Under the protection of protective gas 6, the micro-beam plasma arc that successively ignites ignites arc, minor arc, and shoot laser beam 8, alignment
The position to be welded of workpiece 10, starts welding, and speed of welding is 15mm/s.After welding terminates, laser beam exits are closed down, extinguish microbeam etc.
Ion arc, postpones to stop protective gas, terminates whole welding process.The seam cross-section pattern that welding is obtained is as shown in Fig. 2 can
To find out, under set welding condition, the disposable through welding of 4mm thickness magnesium alloy plates is realized.
The result shows that the penetration fustion welding of magnesium alloy materials can be realized using the method for the invention, and welding heat source is worn
Saturating ability is strong, so that with welding efficiency higher.
Embodiment 2：
Workpiece to be welded is two pieces of I types groove docking of the TC4 titanium-alloy thin-plate structural materials of thickness 3mm, is used
Tungsten electrode be Ce-W electrode, electrode connection is that tungsten electrode connects power cathode for negative electrode, and workpiece connects positive source for anode.Microbeam etc. from
Subarc minor arc electric current is 35A, and pulse laser peak power is 5.5kW, and pulse width is 6ms, and laser beam 8 is with vertical guide angle
5 °, the exit direction of micro-beam plasma arc 9 and 8 one-tenth of laser beam, 25 ° of angles.The protective gas 6 that micro-beam plasma arc and laser are used
Pure argon is with working gas 5, and shield gas flow rate is 20L/min.Calibration of laser welding gun 4 and micro-plasma arc welding rifle
7 relative positions, and be reference to weld direction of advance 11, make microplasma welding gun preceding, and laser welding gun makes laser beam rear
Overlapped with micro-beam plasma arc beam spot in the beam spot of workpiece planarization, laser beam spot is located in the range of micro-beam plasma arc beam spot and advances
The rear side in direction.The micro-beam plasma arc that successively ignites ignites arc, minor arc, and shoot laser beam, starts welding, and speed of welding is
15mm/s.After welding terminates, laser beam exits are closed down, extinguish micro-beam plasma arc, postpone to stop protection gas, terminate all welding
Flow.The seam cross-section pattern that welding is obtained is fig. 3, it is shown that under set welding condition, realize
The disposable through welding of 3mm thickness titanium alloy plates.
The result shows that the penetration fustion welding of titanium alloy material can be realized using the method for the invention, and welding heat source is worn
Saturating ability is strong, so that with welding efficiency higher.
Claims (3)
1. it is a kind of based on micro-beam plasma arc induction low power laser high-efficiency welding method, the method is by micro-beam plasma arc
Inducing action and its auxiliary heat effect to laser plasma, realize, to the instable suppression of keyhole, improving material pair
The step of thermal absorptivity of laser heat source energy, welding method, is as follows：
（1）Adjustment laser beam exits direction, makes it with vertical guide into 0 °~15 ° angles；
（2）Adjustment microplasma welding gun, makes micro-beam plasma arc exit direction with laser beam into 15 °~30 ° angles；
（3）Calibration laser welding gun and microplasma welding arc rifle relative position, make outgoing laser beam and outgoing micro-beam plasma arc
It is generally aligned in the same plane, and is reference to weld direction of advance, preceding, laser welding gun is rear for microplasma welding gun；
（4）The arc that ignites of micro-beam plasma arc is worked, calibrate laser welding gun and microplasma welding gun relative position, make laser
Beam overlaps in the beam spot of workpiece planarization with micro-beam plasma arc beam spot；
（5）Make to ignite the of short duration workpiece surface position to be welded that acts on of arc no more than 5 seconds durations, produce pre-heat effect, then draw
Arc makes the minor arc of micro-beam plasma arc start working, while starting laser works, shoot laser beam, welding starts；It is described micro-
Beam plasma arc minor arc current range is 20A~50A, and is the direct-current arc electric current of continuous output；The laser beam is pulse
Laser beam, pulse peak power scope is 5kW~10kW, and specified laser power is no more than 600W；
（6）At the end of welding, laser beam exits are first closed down, then extinguish micro-beam plasma arc, postpone to stop protection gas, and terminate complete
Portion's welding process.
2. the low power laser high-efficiency welding method based on micro-beam plasma arc induction according to claim 1, it is special
Levy and be, the laser beam spot is with the judgment principle that overlaps of micro-beam plasma arc beam spot：Laser beam spot is located at microplasma
The rear side of direction of advance in the range of arc beam spot.
3. the low power laser high-efficiency welding method based on micro-beam plasma arc induction according to claim 1, it is special
Levy and be, the power supply for producing micro-beam plasma arc is dc source, and for tungsten electrode for negative electrode connects power cathode, workpiece is electrode connection
Anode connects positive source.
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| CN106825929A (en) * | 2017-02-17 | 2017-06-13 | 北京工业大学 | A kind of alternating current arc welding method of laser stabilising arc |
| CN107042350B (en) * | 2017-02-22 | 2019-01-29 | 重庆理工大学 | A kind of molten drop deposition detection method applied to the manufacture of electric arc three-dimensional rapid forming |
| CN109226966B (en) * | 2017-07-25 | 2021-03-05 | 中国航空制造技术研究院 | Method for eliminating annular weld defects of aluminum alloy |
| CN109128508A (en) * | 2018-09-29 | 2019-01-04 | 沈阳富创精密设备有限公司 | Large aluminum alloy cavity laser-plasma arc hybrid welding technique |
| CN109773339B (en) * | 2019-02-26 | 2021-04-13 | 重庆理工大学 | Arc welding method based on laser high-frequency oscillation molten pool |
| JP7284014B2 (en) * | 2019-07-10 | 2023-05-30 | 株式会社ダイヘン | Laser-arc hybrid welding equipment |
| CN110587138A (en) * | 2019-09-19 | 2019-12-20 | 内蒙古工业大学 | Laser-electric arc hybrid welding method suitable for high-strength aluminum alloy flat welding |
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| GB9423771D0 (en) * | 1994-11-24 | 1995-01-11 | Univ Coventry | Enhanced laser beam welding |
| DE10136951B4 (en) * | 2001-07-28 | 2005-05-04 | Mtu Aero Engines Gmbh | Method for laser-plasma hybrid welding |
| FR2829413B1 (en) * | 2001-09-11 | 2003-12-12 | Air Liquide | MULTI-PROCESS MODULAR LASER-ARC HYBRID WELDING TORCH AND INSTALLATION |
| CN101992354A (en) * | 2009-08-14 | 2011-03-30 | 南车青岛四方机车车辆股份有限公司 | Micro-beam plasma arc/laser hybrid welding method |
| CN203184844U (en) * | 2013-04-17 | 2013-09-11 | 鞍山煜宸科技有限公司 | Laser consumable electrode electric arc paraxial hybrid welding device with additional high frequency magnetic field |
| CN103612018B (en) * | 2013-11-12 | 2015-11-18 | 北京工业大学 | A kind of laser-side-arcing complex welding method |
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