CN105772945B - A kind of pulsed arc three-dimensional rapid forming manufacture method based on collaboration pulsed laser energy induction - Google Patents

A kind of pulsed arc three-dimensional rapid forming manufacture method based on collaboration pulsed laser energy induction Download PDF

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CN105772945B
CN105772945B CN201610366369.3A CN201610366369A CN105772945B CN 105772945 B CN105772945 B CN 105772945B CN 201610366369 A CN201610366369 A CN 201610366369A CN 105772945 B CN105772945 B CN 105772945B
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pulse
laser
arc
pulsed
electric arc
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CN105772945A (en
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罗怡
朱亮
张成洋
韩静韬
许洁
蒋诚城
罗升广
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Chongqing University of Technology
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Chongqing University of Technology
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/346Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring in combination with welding or cutting covered by groups B23K5/00 - B23K25/00, e.g. in combination with resistance welding
    • B23K26/348Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring in combination with welding or cutting covered by groups B23K5/00 - B23K25/00, e.g. in combination with resistance welding in combination with arc heating, e.g. TIG [tungsten inert gas], MIG [metal inert gas] or plasma welding
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/02Positioning or observing the workpiece, e.g. with respect to the point of impact; Aligning, aiming or focusing the laser beam
    • B23K26/06Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing
    • B23K26/062Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing by direct control of the laser beam
    • B23K26/0622Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing by direct control of the laser beam by shaping pulses
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K9/00Arc welding or cutting
    • B23K9/09Arrangements or circuits for arc welding with pulsed current or voltage

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Laser Beam Processing (AREA)
  • Arc Welding In General (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention discloses a kind of pulsed arc three-dimensional rapid forming manufacture method based on collaboration pulsed laser energy induction, this method devises the cooperative work mode of arc current pulse and laser pulse, so as to obtain the droplet transfer pattern for being conducive to three-dimensional rapid forming to manufacture and heat transfer modes.The unstability of the laser plasma suppressor pulse electric arc produced using pulse laser and material effects, the abundant fusion of two kinds of energy sources is realized using laser and electric arc collaboration pulse, and improve thermal absorptivity of the material to heat-source energy, the heat provided using pulse MIC electric arc, realize the fusing for the metal wire material being sent into automatic synchronization, and form molten drop, achieve stack shaping, relatively low average heat input is realized using the pulse MIC electric arc pulse mode of design, internal stress and the thermal deformation of formed parts is reduced.The three-dimensional rapid forming manufacture of hardware can be realized using the present invention, with forming efficiency is high, deformation is small, forming process is stable, the low advantage of manufacturing cost.

Description

A kind of pulsed arc three-dimensional rapid forming system based on collaboration pulsed laser energy induction Make method
Technical field
The present invention relates to the pulsed arc three-dimensional rapid forming manufacture method of laser energy induction, it is adaptable to automatic synchronization Wire feed form realizes the electric arc three-dimensional rapid forming manufacture of the metal materials such as stainless steel, aluminium alloy.
Background technology
Three-dimensional rapid forming manufacture (3D printing) technology is information technology, new material technology and manufacturing technology Multidisciplinary Integration The advanced manufacturing technology of development, is the representative art for being described as being expected to produce " the third time industrial revolution ", is that high-volume is manufactured Pattern leads technology to individual character manufacturing mode development.By the time in short more than 20 year, this technology has been achieved rapidly Development, it is very wide in the application prospect of the numerous areas such as Aero-Space, minute manufacturing, biomedical engineering.Hardware three The technical foundation for tieing up Rapid Prototyping Manufacturing is welding/connection, over nearly 20 years, and it is big that domestic and international three-dimensional rapid forming manufacture realizes two Break through:One is figuration manufacture of the non-metallic material material products such as laser fast forming photosensitive resin from early stage to hardware Development;The second is the flexibility of high energy beam current thermal source (electron beam, laser beam) and welding forming technology and CAD/ Information technology depth integration is manufactured, the customized formula Non-mould shaping of metal structure is realized, forms new industrial development direction.
Three-dimensional rapid forming manufacture advantage is that the manufacturing cycle is short, is adapted to single-piece individual demand, large thin-wall element manufacture, The easy thermoformed parts manufacture of the hardly possible processing such as titanium alloy, the manufacture of complicated part, in fields such as Aero-Space, medical treatment, product is opened There is broad development space in hair stage, computer peripheral equipment development and innovative education.At present, three-dimensional rapid forming manufacturing technology is One supplement of conventional commercial manufacturing technology, many new challenges and new problem are also faced with relative to traditional manufacturing technology.Metal The three-dimensional rapid forming manufacture of component is applied to research and development of products, also have that use cost is high, manufacture efficiency is low, the accuracy of manufacture still not Can be satisfactory the problems such as.Its technique and equipment research and development are also still insufficient, not yet into large-scale industrial application.
TIG electric arcs have the good outstanding feature of stability, and more preferable forming quality can be obtained for three-dimensional rapid forming.Phase For the free electric arcs of TIG, pulse MIC electric arc, which is used for three-dimensional rapid forming, has the high thermal efficiency, molten drop deposition height, evenly heat defeated Enter low advantage, but the stability of pulse MIC electric arc and droplet transfer, electric arc electrical conductance have substantial connection.And it is low powder pulsed Laser heat source has the features such as pulse power is high, averagely heat input is low, energy density is big, but it is applied to three-dimensional rapid forming Manufacture efficiency be less than electric arc three-dimensional rapid forming.Therefore, both thermals source are combined is used for three-dimensional rapid forming manufacture, can be with To realize reduction manufacturing cost, lifting manufacture efficiency, ensureing that workmanship stability brings new possibility.
The content of the invention
The present invention for metal structure part figuration manufacture there is provided it is a kind of based on collaboration pulsed laser energy induction Pulsed arc three-dimensional rapid forming manufacture method, this method can realize the metal structures such as stainless steel, aluminium alloy, titanium alloy Three-dimensional rapid forming manufacture.
The present invention takes following technical scheme:
A kind of pulsed arc three-dimensional rapid forming manufacture method based on collaboration pulsed laser energy induction, this method is utilized Pulsed arc thermal source provides fusing metal silk material, forms molten drop and the required main energetic of metal structure shaping, by The unstability of pulsed laser energy suppressor pulse electric arc, the abundant of two kinds of energy sources is realized by laser and electric arc collaboration pulse Fusion, and improve thermal absorptivity of the material to heat-source energy.The step of forming manufacturing method, is as follows:
(1) installation base plate, and reliable clamping, level are fixed;
(2) pulse MIC arc welding gun is adjusted, makes pulsed arc exit direction and vertical guide into 0 °~5 ° angles;
(3) adjustment laser emitting direction, makes it with pulsed arc exit direction into 15 °~30 ° angles;
(4) calibration pulse MIC arc welding gun and laser emitting head relative position, use and penetrate wire and shoot laser beam position In same plane, laser beam spot intersects in the application point of substrate with metal wire material extended line, and using workbench direction of advance as ginseng According to, laser emitting head preceding, pulse MIC arc welding gun is rear;
(5) part three-dimensional modeling, hierarchy slicing, generate figuration manufacture program.
(6) laser works, shoot laser beam, while striking makes, pulse MIC electric arc is started working, metal wire material starts to send Silk, figuration manufacture process starts.
(7) at the end of manufacturing process, laser beam exits, then blanking pulse MIG electric arcs and stopping wire feed first being closed down, and postpone Stop protection gas, terminate whole manufacturing process.
In this method, the electric arc pulse current master phase is project transfer current impulse, and auxiliary phase is that short circuiting transfer is long When current impulse, pulse current cycle includes electric current arteries and veins when three project transfer current impulses and a long short circuiting transfer Punching.Wherein, the duration of current impulse is identical with project transfer current pulse duration when short circuiting transfer is long.Dripped by penetrating Crossing current impulse forces molten drop to realize the project transfer of one pulse-one droplet, by short circuiting transfer it is long when current impulse realize 1~2 molten drop Short circuiting transfer.
The laser pulse includes main pulse and rearmounted spike, and laser pulse is cooperateed with electric arc pulse, makes laser Pulse period is consistent with the electric arc pulse period, laser pulse phase correspond to electric arc pulse short circuiting transfer it is long when current impulse.
In this method, pulse MIC electric arc average pulse current range is 80A~140A, and is the direct current continuously exported Arc current;Laser beam is pulse laser beam, and pulse peak power scope is 4kW~6kW, and pulse width range is to be not less than 4ms.
In this method, the power supply for producing pulse MIC electric arc is direct current pulse power source, and electrode connection is that metal wire material is anode Positive source is connect, substrate is that negative electrode connects power cathode.
The innovation of the present invention is according to the characteristics of electric arc three-dimensional rapid forming process for making, to devise arc current Pulse and the cooperative work mode of laser pulse, so as to obtain the droplet transfer pattern and biography for being conducive to three-dimensional rapid forming to manufacture Heat pattern.The laser plasma suppressor pulse electric arc that its one side is produced with material effects using pulse laser it is unstable Property, the abundant fusion of two kinds of energy sources on the other hand is realized using laser and electric arc collaboration pulse again, and improve material to thermal source The thermal absorptivity of energy, the heat provided using pulse MIC electric arc realizes the fusing for the metal wire material being sent into automatic synchronization, And molten drop is formed, stack shaping is achieved, relatively low evenly heat is realized using the pulse MIC electric arc pulse mode of design Input, reduces internal stress and the thermal deformation of formed parts.So as to give full play to the technical advantage of electric arc three-dimensional rapid forming, realize The low cost of hardware, high efficiency figuration manufacture.
The present invention has advantages below compared with prior art:
(1) droplet transfer is stable, and deposition is high, and hardware forming efficiency is high;
(2) pulsed arc heat input is low, and thermal deformation is small, easily realizes the lifting of machining accuracy;
(3) using the unstability of pulse laser suppressor pulse electric arc, make arc heat source stability good, forming process is steady It is fixed, it is possible to achieve higher forming accuracy, later stage machining amount is small;
(4) energy expenditure is low, and manufacturing cost is low.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is that the pulsed arc three-dimensional rapid forming manufacture system based on collaboration pulsed laser energy induction constitutes signal Figure.
Fig. 2 is arc current and laser collaboration impulse waveform schematic diagram.
Fig. 3 is the aluminium alloy element sample that embodiment 1 is manufactured.
Fig. 4 is the aluminium alloy element sample that embodiment 2 is manufactured.
In figure, 1 pulse MIC arc power, 2 wire-feed motors, 3 pulse lasers, 4 optical systems, 5 laser emitting heads, 6MIG Arc welding gun, 7MIG electric arcs, 8 laser beams, 9 three-dimensional motion controllers, 10 collaboration impulse controllers, 11 protection gas cylinders, 12 substrates, Current impulse, 17 laser main pulses, 18 when 13 drip moldings, 14 directions of advance, 15 project transfer current impulses, 16 short circuiting transfers are long The rearmounted spike of laser
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiment, the present invention is expanded on further.
Referring to Fig. 1, this three-dimensional rapid forming manufacture system includes substrate 12, pulse laser 3 and MIG arc welding guns 6 Deng.Substrate 12 controls the direction of motion by three-dimensional motion controller 9, laser emitting first 5 and MIG arc welding guns 6 surface with Specific relative position is arranged, and both pulses are controlled by collaboration impulse controller 10, and pulse MIC arc power 1 is MIG Arc welding gun 6 provides direct current pulse power source, and the metal wire material that wire-feed motor 2 is sent out connects positive source for anode, and substrate connects for negative electrode Power cathode.Pulse laser 3 is by optical system 4 by Laser emission to laser emitting first 5.Protection gas cylinder 11 provides for system Protective atmosphere.
Referring to Fig. 2, this three-dimensional rapid forming manufacture system will be realized using arc current and laser collaboration pulse, wherein, Electric arc pulse current master phase is project transfer current impulse 15, and auxiliary phase is current impulse 16, an arteries and veins when short circuiting transfer is long Current impulse, electric current when short circuiting transfer is long when rushing current cycle including three project transfer current impulses and a long short circuiting transfer The perdurabgility of pulse is identical with project transfer current impulse perdurabgility, forces molten drop to realize one by project transfer current impulse The project transfer that arteries and veins one drips, by short circuiting transfer when long current impulse realize the short circuiting transfer of 1~2 molten drop.
Laser pulse includes main pulse 17 and rearmounted spike 18, and laser pulse period is consistent with the electric arc pulse period, Laser pulse phase correspond to electric arc pulse short circuiting transfer it is long when current impulse 16.
Embodiment 1:
The substrate used is thickness 4mm 6061 aluminium alloy plate, AlSi system aluminium conjunction of the metal wire material from a diameter of 1.2mm Gold solder silk.The peak point current of project transfer current impulse is set as 240A, background current is 70A, electric current arteries and veins when short circuiting transfer is long The peak point current of punching is 70A, and background current is 20A, and average voltage is 18V.Collaboration laser pulse frequency is 50Hz, and pulse swashs Light peak power is 4kW, and pulse width is 5ms, and defocusing amount is 2mm.Workbench pace is 12mm/s.The protection gas used Body is pure argon, and shield gas flow rate is 20L/min.Metal wire material is set to connect positive source, substrate connects power cathode.Base is installed Plate, and confidence level fixes.MIG arc welding guns are adjusted, make pulsed arc exit direction and vertical guide into 5 ° of angles.Adjust laser Exit direction, makes it with pulsed arc exit direction into 30 ° of angles.MIG arc welding guns and laser emitting head relative position are calibrated, And using workbench direction of advance as reference, laser emitting head is preceding, and MIG arc welding guns are rear.Part three-dimensional modeling, layering are cut Piece, generates figuration manufacture program.Laser works, shoot laser beam, while striking makes pulse MIC electric arc start working, metal Silk material starts wire feed, and figuration manufacture process starts.At the end of manufacturing process, laser beam exits, then blanking pulse MIG electricity are first closed down Arc and stopping wire feed, and postpone to stop protection gas, terminate whole manufacturing process.Shaped by embodiment and be machined completion Hardware is as shown in Figure 3.
Embodiment 2:
The substrate used is thickness 4mm 6061 aluminium alloy plate, AlSi system aluminium conjunction of the metal wire material from a diameter of 1.0mm Gold solder silk.The peak point current of project transfer current impulse is set as 220A, background current is 75A, electric current arteries and veins when short circuiting transfer is long The peak point current of punching is 75A, and background current is 20A, and average voltage is 18V.Collaboration laser pulse frequency is 50Hz, and pulse swashs Light peak power is 4kW, and pulse width is 5ms, and defocusing amount is 2mm.Workbench pace is 10mm/s.The protection gas used Body is pure argon, and shield gas flow rate is 20L/min.Metal wire material is set to connect positive source, substrate connects power cathode.Base is installed Plate, and confidence level fixes.MIG arc welding guns are adjusted, make pulsed arc exit direction and vertical guide into 5 ° of angles.Adjust laser Exit direction, makes it with pulsed arc exit direction into 30 ° of angles.MIG arc welding guns and laser emitting head relative position are calibrated, And using workbench direction of advance as reference, laser emitting head is preceding, and MIG arc welding guns are rear.Part three-dimensional modeling, layering are cut Piece, generates figuration manufacture program.Laser works, shoot laser beam, while striking makes pulse MIC electric arc start working, metal Silk material starts wire feed, and figuration manufacture process starts.At the end of manufacturing process, laser beam exits, then blanking pulse MIG electricity are first closed down Arc and stopping wire feed, and postpone to stop protection gas, terminate whole manufacturing process.Shaped by embodiment and be machined completion Hardware is as shown in Figure 4.

Claims (4)

1. a kind of pulsed arc three-dimensional rapid forming manufacture method based on collaboration pulsed laser energy induction, it is characterised in that This method provides main required for fusing metal silk material, formation molten drop and metal structure shape using pulsed arc thermal source Energy, by the unstability of pulsed laser energy suppressor pulse electric arc, two kinds of energy are realized by laser and electric arc collaboration pulse The abundant fusion in amount source, and it is as follows the step of improve thermal absorptivity of the material to heat-source energy, the forming manufacturing method:
(1) installation base plate, and reliable clamping, level are fixed;
(2) pulse MIC arc welding gun is adjusted, makes pulsed arc exit direction and vertical guide into 0 °~5 ° angles;
(3) adjustment laser emitting direction, makes it with pulsed arc exit direction into 15 °~30 ° angles;
(4) calibration pulse MIC arc welding gun and laser emitting head relative position, use and penetrate wire with shoot laser beam positioned at same One plane, laser beam spot intersects in the application point of substrate with metal wire material extended line, and using workbench direction of advance as reference, swashs Light outgoing head is preceding, and pulse MIC arc welding gun is rear;
The electric arc pulse current master phase is project transfer current impulse, and auxiliary phase is current impulse, one when short circuiting transfer is long The individual pulse current cycle includes current impulse when three project transfer current impulses and a long short circuiting transfer, wherein, short-circuit mistake The duration of current impulse is identical with project transfer current pulse duration when crossing long, is forced by project transfer current impulse Molten drop realizes the project transfer of one pulse-one droplet, by short circuiting transfer when long current impulse realize the short circuiting transfer of 1~2 molten drop;
The laser pulse includes main pulse and rearmounted spike, and laser pulse is cooperateed with electric arc pulse, makes laser pulse Cycle is consistent with the electric arc pulse period, laser pulse phase correspond to electric arc pulse short circuiting transfer it is long when current impulse;
(5) part three-dimensional modeling, hierarchy slicing, generate figuration manufacture program;
(6) laser works, shoot laser beam, while striking makes pulse MIC electric arc start working, metal wire material starts wire feed, Figuration manufacture process starts;
(7) at the end of manufacturing process, laser beam exits, then blanking pulse MIG electric arcs and stopping wire feed first being closed down, and postpone to stop Gas is protected, terminates whole manufacturing process.
2. the pulsed arc three-dimensional rapid forming manufacturer according to claim 1 based on collaboration pulsed laser energy induction Method, it is characterised in that the pulse MIC electric arc average pulse current range is 80A~140A, and be the direct current continuously exported Arc current.
3. the pulsed arc three-dimensional rapid forming manufacturer according to claim 1 based on collaboration pulsed laser energy induction Method, it is characterised in that the laser beam is pulse laser beam, pulse peak power scope is 4kW~6kW, pulse width range To be not less than 4ms.
4. the pulsed arc three-dimensional rapid forming manufacturer according to claim 1 based on collaboration pulsed laser energy induction Method, it is characterised in that the power supply for producing pulse MIC electric arc is direct current pulse power source, and electrode connection is that metal wire material is that anode connects Positive source, substrate is that negative electrode connects power cathode.
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