CN105939816A - 具有预防的破裂、断裂、裂纹和磨损识别的工具 - Google Patents
具有预防的破裂、断裂、裂纹和磨损识别的工具 Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
- G05B19/00—Programme-control systems
- G05B19/02—Programme-control systems electric
- G05B19/18—Numerical control [NC], i.e. automatically operating machines, in particular machine tools, e.g. in a manufacturing environment, so as to execute positioning, movement or co-ordinated operations by means of programme data in numerical form
- G05B19/406—Numerical control [NC], i.e. automatically operating machines, in particular machine tools, e.g. in a manufacturing environment, so as to execute positioning, movement or co-ordinated operations by means of programme data in numerical form characterised by monitoring or safety
- G05B19/4065—Monitoring tool breakage, life or condition
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q17/00—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools
- B23Q17/09—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools for indicating or measuring cutting pressure or for determining cutting-tool condition, e.g. cutting ability, load on tool
- B23Q17/0952—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools for indicating or measuring cutting pressure or for determining cutting-tool condition, e.g. cutting ability, load on tool during machining
- B23Q17/0957—Detection of tool breakage
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q17/00—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools
- B23Q17/09—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools for indicating or measuring cutting pressure or for determining cutting-tool condition, e.g. cutting ability, load on tool
- B23Q17/0952—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools for indicating or measuring cutting pressure or for determining cutting-tool condition, e.g. cutting ability, load on tool during machining
- B23Q17/0966—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools for indicating or measuring cutting pressure or for determining cutting-tool condition, e.g. cutting ability, load on tool during machining by measuring a force on parts of the machine other than a motor
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- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
- G05B2219/00—Program-control systems
- G05B2219/30—Nc systems
- G05B2219/37—Measurements
- G05B2219/37344—Torque, thrust, twist, machining force measurement
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- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
- G05B2219/00—Program-control systems
- G05B2219/30—Nc systems
- G05B2219/37—Measurements
- G05B2219/37412—Measurements acoustical detection of contact
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- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
- G05B2219/00—Program-control systems
- G05B2219/30—Nc systems
- G05B2219/50—Machine tool, machine tool null till machine tool work handling
- G05B2219/50203—Tool, monitor condition tool
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- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
- G05B2219/00—Program-control systems
- G05B2219/30—Nc systems
- G05B2219/50—Machine tool, machine tool null till machine tool work handling
- G05B2219/50205—On tool breakage stop machine
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Human Computer Interaction (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
- Machine Tool Sensing Apparatuses (AREA)
- Force Measurement Appropriate To Specific Purposes (AREA)
Abstract
本发明涉及用于对切削工具进行监视的方法,所述切削工具在对主要金属的材料进行切削时进行使用,具有切割工具,其中,在加工时调整切割力、进给力和背向力,以及具有用于对力进行测量的传感器。为了能够在刀身失灵之前2到60秒、优选2到10秒停止加工,按照本发明来提出,所述传感器在加工期间连续地探测所提到的力中的至少一个,并且在出现所探测的力的突然的降低时停止加工。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及用于对切削工具进行监视的方法,所述切削工具在对主要金属的材料进行切削时使用,
具有切割工具,其中,在加工时调整切割力、进给力和背向力(Passivkraft),
以及具有用于对力进行测量的传感器。
背景技术
所述切削工具具有带有座壁(Sitzwänden)的用于容纳刀身的容纳空隙,其中,所述刀身用固定器件来固定。所述固定器件为螺纹紧固件、楔或者夹钳,其将所述刀身牵拉到所述容纳空隙中,从而所述刀身贴靠在所述座壁处。但是,所述刀身还能够如例如通过焊接、粘结或者类似的固定的连接来与基体相连接。
刀片、通常转位式刀片优选由陶瓷或者由含CBN的材料制成。CBN代表立方氮化硼。还能够使用其它的硬质材料。
在切削期间,在一定的时间之后所述刀身的所使用的刀角磨损。在所定义的刀具耐用度(Standmenge)、也就是加工量之后,更换所述刀身,或者用所述刀身的其它的刀角来继续所述加工,直至耗尽所有的可供使用的刀角。危险的是,所述刀身在加工时破裂并且各个的部分以极高的速度被甩开,或者甚至被压到待加工的构件中去。这能够导致工件或者切削工具的破坏。需要避免这一点。
从文件EP 1 984 142 B1中已知,用压电陶瓷的传感器来测量施加到刀身或者在其支架上的压力、拉力和剪切力并且如此控制所述加工,即使得防止由于超负荷引起的损伤。在此,预设用于力的极限值,在超过所述极限值时对所述加工进行干预。在此不利的是,十分频繁地太过早地停止所述加工,因为以不那么能够忽略的(nicht zu
vernachlässigbaren)安全距离来预设所述极限值,以便无论如何避免损伤。
发明内容
本发明描述具有预防的破裂、断裂、裂纹和磨损识别的工具。
本发明的任务是,如此改进按照权利要求1的前序部分的方法,即使得在所述刀身失灵之前2到60秒、优选2到10秒停止所述加工。
按照本发明,该任务通过根据权利要求1所述的方法来解决。
通过所述传感器在加工期间连续地探测所提到的力中的至少一个并且在出现所探测的力的突然的降低时停止所述加工的方式,使得直接地在所述刀身失灵之前停止所述加工。
在迄今的切割试验中表明了,在刀刃(Schneide)或刀身断裂之前的一定的时间发生突然的力降低。所述刀身的结构在破裂之前不久显得疲劳,这能够通过屈服(Nachgeben)以及由此力降低使得被察觉到。
在力曲线中的这种“弯折”总是并且可靠地发生,从而能够将这种“弯折”视为在所述刀身破裂之前不久出现的信号。如果出现这种信号,则必须立即中断所述加工并且使用其它的刀刃或者其它的刀身。
这种信号能够在所有的3个力分量中,也就是说,在切割力、进给力和背向力中识别到。
优选地,作为传感器使用压电的力传感器或者固体声音传感器。固体声音传感器从价格看来比压电的力传感器更适宜。压电的力传感器是极可靠的并且在测量的准确度方面是有利的。
优选地在1Hz到大约1MHz的频率的情况下、特别优选地在100Hz到100kHz的频率的情况下进行对力信号的评估。在这些频率范围中获得最好的结果。
优选地用电荷放大器来评估所测量的电压信号。
所述切削工具能够是静态的=车削、切槽(Stechen)、仿形(Profilieren)、拉削或者是相应相关的。但是所述切削工具还能够是旋转的=铣削、钻孔、铰孔(Reiben)、扩孔(Aufbohren)或者是相应相关的。
所述切削工具不仅能够设计有可更换的刀刃(也被称为转位式刀片工具),而且能够设计为单式工具(Monowerkzeug)(实心原料工具(Vollmaterial-Werkzeug))。所述单式工具能够完全由一种原料制成,而且能够由与彼此连接、如例如焊接的多种原料制成。
工具的起切割作用的部分能够由不同的切割材料制成、如例如:硬金属、金属陶瓷、陶瓷、CBN、PKD以及可能将来开发的切割材料,以及此外作为未涂层和/或涂层的实施方案。
通过对工具失灵的预防的识别,首先应该在来自最不同的工业分支的使用者中降低次品成本和一般来说制造和过程成本(例如:汽车工业、航空和航天工业、模具和锻模制造(Formen- und Gesenkbau)、一般的机械工程、滚动轴承工业等)。
为了达到这个目的,将传感器装入到相应的工具中,所述传感器在切削过程期间记录负荷系数并且将其转化为信号。从大量信号中同样在切削过程期间过滤出识别刀刃的不久的失灵的表示特征的信号并且将其用作报警信号。在这种所提到的报警信号的情况下人们能够例如进行切断工具机(Werkzeugmaschine,有时称为机床)和/或使用所谓的姊妹工具(Schwesterwerkzeugs)(备用工具)。但是还能够将所述报警信号用于多方面的目的。
此外,所述工具能够借助于与控制单元的线缆连接、然而优选地以无线缆的方式来传递所述报警信号。这能够通过使用各种无线电技术来实现。
如此实行所述报警信号的过滤,即使得过程的使用条件以及间接地或者直接地参与所述过程的其它的边界条件不起作用(例如:切割速度、切割深度、进给、使用或者不使用冷却润滑剂、高压冷却、四处飞的切屑、振动等)。
工具系统不仅应该用作被集成在工具机中的系统,而且应该与彼此独立地使用。能够被视为所述工具系统的次要的用途的是分析切削工具的通常的切割特性(Schneidverhaltens)。
一般而言,本发明还涉及传感的(sensorisches)工具。
a)所述工具能够例如包括压电的力传感器,所述力传感器与彼此分离地探测不同的力分量。
b)从1Hz到大约1MHz、优选地在100Hz-100kHz的范围中进行评估力信号。
c)用电荷放大器来评估所产生的电压信号。
- 装入的传感器在切削过程期间记录切割力。
- 由此产生力和振动信号并且通过相应的、电子的设备构建来对其进行分析。
- 信号/数据分析的任务是,从大量信号中过滤出或识别出如下信号,所述信号呈现为表示特征的并且基本上总是相同,从而所述信号被识别为有关的信号(Zuständige),由所述信号使得人们能够已经于在之后的时间点时出现的刀刃的损伤出现之前防止所述损伤。
主要地应该将用于车削和切槽加工的工具(也被称为静态的工具)配备有可更换的切割嵌件(Schneideinsetzen),以及没有可更换的刀身的工具(静态的和旋转的,也被称为单式工具)。
但是还能够想到并且是本申请的对象的是,还将旋转的工具配备有多个切割嵌件(铣刀、钻头、锪钻(Senker)等)。
在切削中,我们总是与3个力分量有关(切割力、进给力和背向力)。这些力分量由传感器在加工期间来探测并且连续地被记录下来(festgehalten)。此外,振动也起作用,所述振动由系统同样来探测。
Claims (4)
1. 用于对切削工具进行监视的方法,所述切削工具在对主要金属的材料进行切削时使用,
具有切割工具,其中,在加工时调整切割力、进给力和背向力,
以及具有用于对力进行测量的传感器,
其特征在于,所述传感器在加工期间连续地探测所提到的力中的至少一个,并且在出现所探测的力的突然的降低时停止所述加工。
2. 根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,作为所述传感器使用压电的力传感器或者固体声音传感器。
3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的方法,其特征在于,在1Hz到大约1MHz的频率的情况下、优选在100Hz到100kHz的频率的情况下进行对力信号的评估。
4. 根据权利要求1到3中任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,用电荷放大器来评估所测量的电压信号。
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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DE102013224906 | 2013-12-04 | ||
DE102013224906.3 | 2013-12-04 | ||
PCT/EP2014/076407 WO2015082542A1 (de) | 2013-12-04 | 2014-12-03 | Werkzeug mit präventiver bruch-, ausbruch-, riss- und verschleisserkennung |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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CN105939816A true CN105939816A (zh) | 2016-09-14 |
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Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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CN201480074878.8A Pending CN105939816A (zh) | 2013-12-04 | 2014-12-03 | 具有预防的破裂、断裂、裂纹和磨损识别的工具 |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20170052530A1 (zh) |
EP (1) | EP3077154A1 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN105939816A (zh) |
DE (1) | DE102014224778A1 (zh) |
WO (1) | WO2015082542A1 (zh) |
Cited By (2)
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CN108972152A (zh) * | 2018-10-12 | 2018-12-11 | 哈尔滨理工大学 | 一种监测切削刀具磨损状态的声音-功率检测法 |
CN114850547A (zh) * | 2022-07-11 | 2022-08-05 | 成都飞机工业(集团)有限责任公司 | 一种碳纤维构件轮廓铣削损伤抑制方法 |
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CN105676789B (zh) * | 2016-04-25 | 2018-04-10 | 苏州市职业大学 | 一种超硬刀具热疲劳裂纹监测系统 |
CN106584207A (zh) * | 2016-11-28 | 2017-04-26 | 南京工程学院 | 一种滑动结合面磨损在线监测方法 |
DE102018133567A1 (de) | 2018-12-21 | 2020-06-25 | Böllhoff Verbindungstechnik GmbH | Verfahren zur computergestützten optischen Zustandsbewertung eines Gegenstands |
DE102020102757A1 (de) | 2020-02-04 | 2021-08-05 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft | Werkzeug zur spanenden Bearbeitung mit Verschleißerkennung |
DE102020106038B3 (de) | 2020-03-05 | 2021-03-11 | Hartmetall-Werkzeugfabrik Paul Horn Gmbh | Spanabhebendes Werkzeug und Werkzeugmaschine mit einem solchen Werkzeug |
DE102020110343B4 (de) | 2020-04-15 | 2021-12-30 | Andreas Blümel | Verfahren zur adaptiven Vorschubregelung an einer CNC-gesteuerten Drehmaschine |
DE102020114431A1 (de) * | 2020-05-29 | 2021-03-18 | Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG | Werkzeughalter und Verfahren zur Drehbearbeitung eines Werkstücks |
EP3967449A1 (de) | 2020-09-09 | 2022-03-16 | Hartmetall-Werkzeugfabrik Paul Horn GmbH | Werkzeughalter und werkzeugsystem mit einem solchen werkzeughalter |
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- 2014-12-03 US US15/101,793 patent/US20170052530A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2014-12-03 CN CN201480074878.8A patent/CN105939816A/zh active Pending
- 2014-12-03 WO PCT/EP2014/076407 patent/WO2015082542A1/de active Application Filing
- 2014-12-03 DE DE102014224778.0A patent/DE102014224778A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2014-12-03 EP EP14812161.9A patent/EP3077154A1/de not_active Withdrawn
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CN102485419A (zh) * | 2010-12-03 | 2012-06-06 | 吕志杰 | 监测刀具破损装置 |
Cited By (3)
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CN114850547A (zh) * | 2022-07-11 | 2022-08-05 | 成都飞机工业(集团)有限责任公司 | 一种碳纤维构件轮廓铣削损伤抑制方法 |
CN114850547B (zh) * | 2022-07-11 | 2022-10-25 | 成都飞机工业(集团)有限责任公司 | 一种碳纤维构件轮廓铣削损伤抑制方法 |
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DE102014224778A1 (de) | 2015-06-11 |
US20170052530A1 (en) | 2017-02-23 |
EP3077154A1 (de) | 2016-10-12 |
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