CN105937064A - Preparation method of high strength and high tensile regenerated polyester staple fiber dedicated for non-weaving - Google Patents
Preparation method of high strength and high tensile regenerated polyester staple fiber dedicated for non-weaving Download PDFInfo
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- CN105937064A CN105937064A CN201610482252.1A CN201610482252A CN105937064A CN 105937064 A CN105937064 A CN 105937064A CN 201610482252 A CN201610482252 A CN 201610482252A CN 105937064 A CN105937064 A CN 105937064A
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- preparation
- staple fiber
- polyester staple
- regenerated polyester
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Classifications
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
- D01F6/00—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof
- D01F6/88—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from mixtures of polycondensation products as major constituent with other polymers or low-molecular-weight compounds
- D01F6/92—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from mixtures of polycondensation products as major constituent with other polymers or low-molecular-weight compounds of polyesters
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
- D01D10/00—Physical treatment of artificial filaments or the like during manufacture, i.e. during a continuous production process before the filaments have been collected
- D01D10/02—Heat treatment
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
- D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
- D01D5/08—Melt spinning methods
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
- D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
- D01D5/12—Stretch-spinning methods
- D01D5/14—Stretch-spinning methods with flowing liquid or gaseous stretching media, e.g. solution-blowing
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
- D01F1/00—General methods for the manufacture of artificial filaments or the like
- D01F1/02—Addition of substances to the spinning solution or to the melt
- D01F1/10—Other agents for modifying properties
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Artificial Filaments (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method of a high strength and high tensile regenerated polyester staple fiber dedicated for non-weaving. The spinning raw materials are waste polyester bottle sheets, chemical fiber foamed materials, and a whitening agent. The preparation method comprises the following steps: fully mixing and drying spinning raw materials in a vacuum drum drying system, then subjecting the mixture to a pre-orientation treatment before the reeling stage to obtain reeled filaments with a certain characteristic; subjecting the reeled filaments to doffing, balancing, and bundling, delivering the processed filaments to a processing system, and carrying out oil bath traction, steam traction, reeling, hot moulding, and cutting to obtain the high strength and high tensile regenerated polyester staple fiber dedicated for non-weaving. Compared with the prior art, by reasonably selecting raw materials with a specific viscosity, the temperature of highest area of spinning, and draft ratio, the shortage that high breaking strength and high elongation at break of conventional regenerated polyester staple fibers cannot be obtained at the same time is overcome; and the finished product has a high strength and high tensile property. Furthermore, the raw materials are recycled polyester wastes, the production process does not use any harmful aid, the environment will not be polluted, and thus the preparation method is worthy to popularize.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to non-woven field, be specifically related to a kind of non-woven special high-strength height and stretch the preparation method of Regenerated Polyester Staple Fiber dimension.
Background technology
In recent years, along with development, constantly expansion, the raising year by year of the level of production of industry size of nonwoven industry, product is used
The most increasingly extensive.Owing to the structure of non-weaving cloth is directly to be present in cloth in the form of fibers, so the performance of non-woven material
Quality is directly affected by fibrous raw material used by it.A kind of Regenerated Polyester Staple Fiber as non-weaving cloth raw material is tieed up, and it is every
Performance indications are the most crucial on the impact of non-weaving cloth later stage end properties.
Along with the continually developing of nonwoven products of various uses, the properties of Regenerated Polyester Staple Fiber requires also improving constantly, therefore,
Research and development meet the Regenerated Polyester Staple Fiber dimension of various uses non-weaving cloth requirement, it has also become market is necessary.Such as, one have special
The nonwoven products of purposes need to possess higher tearing strength, meets durable feature, and therefore this non-weaving cloth has height
Need while fracture strength to have higher extensibility concurrently, enable finished product quickly load to be dispersed to when by certain External Force Acting
Wider cloth cover scope, improves its impact resistance, further so fibrous raw material used by this non-weaving cloth of further requirement must have
There are the highest fracture strength and elongation at break.
At present, in the production of polyester staple fiber, high fracture strength is two contrary directions with high elongation at tear, improves fracture strength
Elongation at break will be reduced, otherwise, improving elongation at break and fracture strength then can be made to reduce, two characteristics are difficult to be provided simultaneously with.
For the vacancy filling up existing market polyester staple fiber high fracture strength and high extension at break can not have concurrently, applicant is short to terylene
Fibre strength and elongation characteristics aspect are furtherd investigate, and then have this case to produce.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of non-woven special high-strength height and stretch the preparation method of Regenerated Polyester Staple Fiber, prepared terylene is short
Fiber can meet nonwoven products to fibrous raw material high fracture strength and the double requirements of high elongation at tear simultaneously, fills up existing city
The blank that field polyester staple fiber high fracture strength and high extension at break can not have concurrently.
For achieving the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme that
A kind of non-woven special high-strength height stretches the preparation method of Regenerated Polyester Staple Fiber dimension, wherein, comprises the steps:
1. using waste polyester bottle chip, chemical fibre foam material and brightening agent is spinning material, by this spinning material through vacuum drum drying system
Being sufficiently mixed with after drying, the screw extruder of feeding melt spinning system carries out melt spinning, the most rolled stage preorientation
Obtain the undrawn yarn with certain characteristic, i.e. control the cold drawn multiplying power of undrawn yarn at 2.85-2.90, for obtaining higher fracture strength
The optimum condition of terylene short fiber first break draft operation；
2., by above-mentioned undrawn yarn after the silk that falls, balance, boundling is sent into post-treatment system and is carried out oil bath drawing-off, steam drafting, curling, pine
Relaxation thermal finalization and cut-out, prepare non-woven special high-strength height and stretch Regenerated Polyester Staple Fiber dimension；
Wherein, described drawing-off general times is 3.4, and described oil bath is stretched multiple and controlled 85% for total draft multiple, and oil bath drawing-off is main strong
Power drawing-off, steam drafting is auxiliary elongate rate drawing-off, steam drafting multiple=total draft multiple/oil bath drafting multiple.
Further, the weight ratio of polyester bottle slice and chemical fibre foam material is 6:1；This polyester bottle slice intrinsic viscosity is 0.75-0.8dl/g, molten
Point is for 255-258 DEG C；This chemical fibre foam material intrinsic viscosity is 0.7-0.75dl/g, and fusing point is 258-265 DEG C.
Further, described melt spinning extruder temperature uses low → high → low distribution form, wherein highest region (the i.e. the 3rd district, the 4th
District) temperature is set to 280-295 DEG C.
Further, described winding speed is adjusted according to finished silk fiber number, described winding portion oil formula: tow smooth agent 8-15kg,
Antistatic additive 10-15kg, water 2000kg, then carry out fall silk, balance, and described equilibration time is 10-12h.
Further, described oil bath drawing temperature controls as 70-75 DEG C；Oil formula is tow smooth agent 40-60kg, antistatic additive
40-60kg, softening agent 40-60kg, hydrophilizing agent 40-60kg, water 2000kg；Steam drafting temperature controls as 100-120 DEG C；
Further, the baking temperature of described vacuum drum drying system is 145 DEG C, steam pressure 0.45Mpa, and vacuum is-0.096Mpa,
Drying time about 10-12h, to described moisture content of raw material ＜ 80PPM.
Further, described relaxation heat setting includes baking zone, heat set zone and cooling zone；Described baking zone temperature is 105-160 DEG C,
It is 160 DEG C that heat setting temperature controls, cooling zone temperature 40-105 DEG C；The described relaxation heat setting time is 20-30min.
After using technique scheme, there is advantages that
1. understanding through experiment, when raw materials used intrinsic viscosity is less than 0.7dl/g, the most cold drawn multiplying power higher than 2.9, and repeatedly can be adjusted
Joint production technology, finished fiber fracture strength is the most relatively low；By selecting intrinsic viscosity to be the raw material of 0.70-0.80 and spin
The conservative control of silk temperature, the cold drawn multiplying power of undrawn yarn can reach 2.85-2.9, is the premise of the finished fiber high fracture strength of acquisition.
When cold drawn multiplying power controls as 2.85-2.9, according to repetition test, rear road drawing-off general times is defined as 3.4, both will not break
Fiber, also can meet the needs in terms of polyester staple fiber strength.
2. when setting melt spinning screw rod three, four district's temperature less than 280 DEG C, owing to the intrinsic viscosity of raw material itself is of a relatively high, should
At a temperature of fluidity of molten poor, the fiber pre-orientation degree that causes being born is little, and birefringence is big, and the cold drawn multiplying power of undrawn yarn is much smaller than 2.85,
And raw material rheological characteristic is poor, melt is big by shear stress during spinneret, easily causes the phenomenons such as melt is easily rupturable, lousiness is many, no
The prescription to finished product polyester staple fiber can be met；And when melt spinning screw rod highest region temperature is set to more than 295 DEG C,
Melt rheological property is big, and solidification zone strand draw speed is fast, and as-spun fibre preorientation becomes big, the cold drawn multiplying power of undrawn yarn considerably beyond 2.90,
In any case road drafting multiple after then setting, the strength of polyester staple fiber all can be the lowest.
3. through repeatedly debugging, it is set as 3.4 according to total draft multiple, is set to account for the 85% of total draft multiple by post-treatment oil bath drafting multiple
Time following, fiber makes fracture strength significantly reduce because oil bath drawing-off is insufficient, and rear road steam drafting is difficult to polyester staple fiber
Strength is supplemented up；And when oil bath drawing-off drafting multiple controls more than total draft multiple 85%, steam drafting multiple drops therewith
Low, final finished elongation at break significantly reduces, and final products combination property is deteriorated.
Detailed description of the invention
In order to technical scheme is explained further, below by specific embodiment, the present invention will be described in detail.
Embodiment one
The preparation method of a kind of non-woven special high-strength high stretched polyester chopped fiber of the present invention, is achieved by the steps of:
1, spinning material uses 1800kg waste polyester bottle chip, 300kg chemical fibre foam material and brightening agent 500g；Wherein, polyester bottle slice
Intrinsic viscosity is 0.8dl/g, and fusing point is 255-258 DEG C；Chemical fibre foam material intrinsic viscosity is 0.75dl/g, and fusing point is 258-265
℃。
2, above-mentioned spinning material is sufficiently mixed through vacuum drum drying system and is dried, the baking temperature of described vacuum drum drying system
Be 145 DEG C, steam pressure 0.45Mpa, vacuum is-0.096Mpa, drying time 12h, to described moisture content of raw material ＜
80PPM。
3, by above-mentioned dried spinning material, the screw extruder of feeding melt spinning system carries out melt spinning and forms as-spun fibre.
Described melt spinning screw rod seven district temperature is set to 275 DEG C, 278 DEG C, 290 DEG C, 290 DEG C, 280 DEG C, 280 DEG C, 270 DEG C,
Melt spinning spinneret model selects 2400 holes, and the rotating speed of dosing pump arranges 28r/min, and spinning speed is set to 1350m/min.
4, being wound by the as-spun fibre of above-mentioned gained, described winding speed is adjusted according to finished silk fiber number, described winding portion
Oil formula is tow smooth agent 15kg, antistatic additive 15kg, water 2000kg, the undrawn yarn that rolled stage preorientation obtains
Cold drawn multiplying power is at 2.85-2.90.Then carrying out fall silk, balance, equilibration time is 12h.
5, above-mentioned post-treatment system of sending into after the as-spun fibre boundling that step 4 processed being carried out drawing-off, drawing-off general times is according to volume
It is 3.4 that wrapping wire extension at break adjusts control.Drawing-off is oil bath drawing-off, and oil bath drawing-off accounts for the 85% of general times, i.e. drafting multiple
Being set to 2.89, it is 75 DEG C that temperature controls；Oil formula is tow smooth agent 60kg, antistatic additive 60kg, softening agent 60kg,
Hydrophilizing agent 60kg, water 2000kg；Secondary drawing-off is steam drafting, and drafting multiple is set to 1.18, and it is 110 that drawing temperature controls
℃.Owing to drawing-off relates to a drawing-off slip coefficient, so 1.18*2.89=3.4102 can be larger than 3.4.
6, the above-mentioned fiber through drawing-off is crimped and relaxation heat setting, described relaxation heat setting include baking zone, heat set zone and
Cooling zone, baking zone temperature is set to 105-160 DEG C, and it is 160 DEG C that heat setting temperature controls, cooling zone temperature 40-105 DEG C, lax
Heat-setting time is 28min.Again through cutting off, length controls to be 51mm, then packs.
Embodiment two
Step 3 melt spinning screw rod seven district temperature be respectively set to 285 DEG C, 288 DEG C, 295 DEG C, 295 DEG C, 290 DEG C, 290 DEG C, 280
℃.Remaining is with embodiment one.
Embodiment three
Step 3 melt spinning screw rod seven district temperature be respectively set to 265 DEG C, 268 DEG C, 280 DEG C, 280 DEG C, 270 DEG C, 270 DEG C, 260
℃.Remaining is with embodiment one.
Comparative example one
Step 1 spinning material selects polyester bottle slice and chemical fibre foam material intrinsic viscosity less than below 0.7dl/g.Remaining is with embodiment one.
Comparative example two
Step 3 melt spinning screw rod seven district temperature be respectively set to 295 DEG C, 298 DEG C, 305 DEG C, 305 DEG C, 300 DEG C, 300 DEG C, 290
℃.Remaining is with embodiment one.
Comparative example three
Step 3 melt spinning screw rod seven district temperature be respectively set to 260 DEG C, 263 DEG C, 270 DEG C, 270 DEG C, 265 DEG C, 265 DEG C, 255
℃.Remaining is with embodiment one.
Comparative example four
It is 3.4 that described step 5 drawing-off general times controls, and described oil bath is stretched multiple and controlled 80% for total draft multiple, i.e. oil bath drawing-off times
Number is set to 2.72, and steam drafting multiple is 1.25.Remaining is with embodiment one.
Comparative example five
It is 3.4 that described step 5 drawing-off general times controls, and described oil bath is stretched multiple and controlled 90% for total draft multiple, i.e. oil bath drawing-off times
Number is set to 3.06, and steam drafting multiple is 1.12.Remaining is with embodiment one.
Above-mentioned obtained polyester staple fiber is carried out performance test, and data are as shown in the table:
| Classification | The cold drawn multiplying power of undrawn yarn | Finished silk fracture strength (CN/dtex) | Finished silk elongation at break (%) |
| Embodiment one | 2.87 | 5.51 | 51.0 |
| Embodiment two | 2.90 | 5.43 | 53.1 |
| Embodiment three | 2.86 | 5.53 | 50.9 |
| Comparative example one | 3.15 | 3.20 | 43.3 |
| Comparative example two | 3.08 | 3.47 | 55.3 |
| Comparative example three | 2.80 | Drawing-off difficulty, tow is pulled off | ---- |
| Comparative example four | 2.87 | 4.46 | 60.7 |
| Comparative example five | 2.87 | 5.57 | 39.1 |
Remarks:
The polyester foam material and the melting point polyester integrating paradigm that use due to the present invention are 255-265 DEG C, and therefore comparative example three temperature is arranged
Unreasonable, on the low side due to spinning highest region temperature in specific implementation process so that the cold drawn multiplying power of undrawn yarn is relatively low, and embodiment one
In drafting multiple already more than the maximum drafting multiplying power of fiber in comparative example three, after spin tow in drafting process and be pulled off.And by
Relatively low in raw materials melt temperature, rheological characteristic is poor, and front spinning bundle fault is more.
Owing to the cold drawn multiplying power of last stage undrawn yarn controls 2.85-2.9 (relatively low), and in comparative example five implementation process tow is the most repeatedly
Being pulled off, the elongation at break of finished silk is on the low side simultaneously, and finished product combination property is all deteriorated, inadvisable in actual production.
According to the appointment requirement of non-woven special 2.22dtex*51mm Regenerated Polyester Staple Fiber dimension, polyester staple fiber needs to meet fracture strength
More than 5.0cN/dtex, elongation at break ranges is 45-55%.Through repetition test, when property of raw material viscosity is 0.7-0.8dl/g,
Melt spinning screw rod highest region (the i.e. the 3rd district, the 4th district) temperature is set to 280-295 DEG C, and oil bath drafting multiple is set to always lead
The product best results prepared when stretching the 85% of multiple.
Above-described embodiment the product form of the non-limiting present invention and style, it is done by any person of an ordinary skill in the technical field
Suitably change or modify, all should be regarded as the patent category without departing from the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. a non-woven special high-strength height stretches the preparation method that Regenerated Polyester Staple Fiber is tieed up, it is characterised in that comprise the steps:
1. using waste polyester bottle chip, chemical fibre foam material and brightening agent is spinning material, is dried through vacuum drum by this spinning material
System is sufficiently mixed with after drying, and the screw extruder of feeding melt spinning system carries out melt spinning, and the most rolled stage is pre-
Orientation, prepares undrawn yarn, and the cold drawn multiplying power of described undrawn yarn controls as 2.85-2.90；
2. by above-mentioned undrawn yarn through the silk that falls, balance after, boundling send into post-treatment system carry out oil bath drawing-off, steam drafting, curling,
Relaxation heat setting and cut-out, prepare non-woven special high-strength height and stretch Regenerated Polyester Staple Fiber dimension；
Wherein, described drawing-off general times is set to 3.4, and described oil bath drafting multiple controls 85% for total draft multiple.
Non-woven special high-strength height the most according to claim 1 stretches the preparation method of Regenerated Polyester Staple Fiber dimension, it is characterised in that
Described polyester bottle slice is 6:1 with the weight ratio of chemical fibre foam material；Described polyester bottle slice intrinsic viscosity is 0.75-0.8dl/g, fusing point
For 255-258 DEG C；Described chemical fibre foam material intrinsic viscosity is 0.7-0.75dl/g, and fusing point is 258-265 DEG C.
Non-woven special high-strength height the most according to claim 2 stretches the preparation method of Regenerated Polyester Staple Fiber dimension, it is characterised in that
Described melt spinning screw rod the 3rd district, the temperature in the 4th district are set to 280-295 DEG C.
Non-woven special high-strength height the most according to claim 1 stretches the preparation method of Regenerated Polyester Staple Fiber dimension, it is characterised in that
The baking temperature of described vacuum drum drying system is 145 DEG C, steam pressure 0.45Mpa, and vacuum is-0.096Mpa, is dried
Time about 10-12h, to described moisture content of raw material ＜ 80PPM.
Non-woven special high-strength height the most according to claim 1 stretches the preparation method of Regenerated Polyester Staple Fiber dimension, it is characterised in that
The temperature of described oil bath drawing-off is 70-75 DEG C, and the temperature of described steam drafting is 100-120 DEG C.
Non-woven special high-strength height the most according to claim 1 stretches the preparation method of Regenerated Polyester Staple Fiber dimension, it is characterised in that
Described winding portion oil preparation is tow smooth agent 8-15kg, antistatic additive 10-15kg, water 2000kg.
Non-woven special high-strength height the most according to claim 1 stretches the preparation method of Regenerated Polyester Staple Fiber dimension, it is characterised in that
Described relaxation heat setting includes baking zone, heat set zone and cooling zone；Described baking zone temperature is 105-160 DEG C, thermal finalization temperature
Degree control is 160 DEG C, and cooling zone temperature controls as 40-105 DEG C；The described relaxation heat setting time is 25-30min.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201610482252.1A CN105937064A (en) | 2016-06-27 | 2016-06-27 | Preparation method of high strength and high tensile regenerated polyester staple fiber dedicated for non-weaving |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201610482252.1A CN105937064A (en) | 2016-06-27 | 2016-06-27 | Preparation method of high strength and high tensile regenerated polyester staple fiber dedicated for non-weaving |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108642581A (en) * | 2018-04-25 | 2018-10-12 | 山东齐鲁化纺有限公司 | Long and short fiber technique in a kind of waste silk raw material production high-strength flatness of extra white |
| CN110055606A (en) * | 2018-01-18 | 2019-07-26 | 上海湘伊实业有限公司 | A kind of production system of yarn |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101503832A (en) * | 2008-09-16 | 2009-08-12 | 江苏盛虹化纤有限公司 | Method for processing high shrinkage superfine denier polyester staple fiber |
| CN102864518A (en) * | 2011-07-08 | 2013-01-09 | 上海温龙化纤有限公司 | Anti-ultraviolet high-tenacity polyester industrial yarn and preparation method thereof |
| KR20140002234A (en) * | 2012-06-28 | 2014-01-08 | 코오롱인더스트리 주식회사 | Polyester fiber for seatbelt and preparation method thereof |
| CN105525375A (en) * | 2016-02-22 | 2016-04-27 | 苏州金泉新材料股份有限公司 | Method for preparing polyester staple fibers from waste polyester fibers |
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2016
- 2016-06-27 CN CN201610482252.1A patent/CN105937064A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101503832A (en) * | 2008-09-16 | 2009-08-12 | 江苏盛虹化纤有限公司 | Method for processing high shrinkage superfine denier polyester staple fiber |
| CN102864518A (en) * | 2011-07-08 | 2013-01-09 | 上海温龙化纤有限公司 | Anti-ultraviolet high-tenacity polyester industrial yarn and preparation method thereof |
| KR20140002234A (en) * | 2012-06-28 | 2014-01-08 | 코오롱인더스트리 주식회사 | Polyester fiber for seatbelt and preparation method thereof |
| CN105525375A (en) * | 2016-02-22 | 2016-04-27 | 苏州金泉新材料股份有限公司 | Method for preparing polyester staple fibers from waste polyester fibers |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110055606A (en) * | 2018-01-18 | 2019-07-26 | 上海湘伊实业有限公司 | A kind of production system of yarn |
| CN108642581A (en) * | 2018-04-25 | 2018-10-12 | 山东齐鲁化纺有限公司 | Long and short fiber technique in a kind of waste silk raw material production high-strength flatness of extra white |
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Application publication date: 20160914 |