CN105936477B - A kind of lightweight Multifunctional container gantry crane and its anti-shake method - Google Patents
A kind of lightweight Multifunctional container gantry crane and its anti-shake method Download PDFInfo
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
- B66C—CRANES; LOAD-ENGAGING ELEMENTS OR DEVICES FOR CRANES, CAPSTANS, WINCHES, OR TACKLES
- B66C19/00—Cranes comprising trolleys or crabs running on fixed or movable bridges or gantries
- B66C19/002—Container cranes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
- B66C—CRANES; LOAD-ENGAGING ELEMENTS OR DEVICES FOR CRANES, CAPSTANS, WINCHES, OR TACKLES
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种轻量化多功能集装箱门式起重机及其防摇方法,其包括门架总成、安装在门架总成的四个角上的行走小车、安设在门架总成上的起升机构、吊具,其特征在于:所述起升机构包括起升卷扬机构、拖拽式定滑轮小车、拖拽式走行卷扬机构,所述起升卷扬机构分布在门架总成的下端,拖拽式定滑轮小车与门架总成的主梁相配设,所述拖拽式走行卷扬机构安设在主梁的上方,所述拖拽式定滑轮小车对应由拖拽式走行卷扬机构拖拽。本发明利用三角形具有稳定性的特点,结合偏心阻尼滑轮具有自动平衡的特性,实现集装箱门式起重机吊具防摇的目的。
The invention discloses a lightweight multifunctional container gantry crane and an anti-sway method thereof, which comprises a door frame assembly, a walking trolley installed on the four corners of the door frame assembly, and a traveling trolley installed on the door frame assembly. The hoisting mechanism and the spreader are characterized in that: the hoisting mechanism includes a hoisting hoisting mechanism, a drag-type fixed pulley trolley, and a dragging-type walking hoisting mechanism, and the hoisting hoisting mechanism is distributed on the mast assembly At the lower end, the drag-type fixed pulley trolley is matched with the main beam of the gantry assembly. The drag-type walking winch mechanism is installed above the main beam. Drag and drop. The present invention utilizes the characteristic of stability of the triangle, combined with the characteristic of automatic balance of the eccentric damping pulley, so as to realize the purpose of anti-shaking of the spreader of the container gantry crane.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及起重机领域,特别涉及一种轻量化多功能集装箱门式起重机及其防摇方法。The invention relates to the field of cranes, in particular to a lightweight multifunctional container gantry crane and an anti-sway method thereof.
背景技术Background technique
传统的起升机构由起重小车、起升卷扬系统、定滑轮组、走行系统等组成,其体积大,自重比其起重量大,特别是集装箱起重机尤为突出,集成后安放在主梁上,给主梁造成了不必要的附加荷载。因此,研究开发轻量化、高效、性能先进的轻量化多功能集装箱门式起重机施工技术及其装备变得尤为迫切。The traditional hoisting mechanism is composed of a trolley, a hoisting hoist system, a fixed pulley block, and a traveling system. It has a large volume and its own weight is larger than its lifting capacity, especially for container cranes. After integration, it is placed on the main girder. Unnecessary additional load is caused to the main beam. Therefore, it is particularly urgent to research and develop the construction technology and equipment of lightweight, efficient and advanced lightweight multifunctional container gantry cranes.
此外,还存在不可预知的操作惯性和风力载荷的影响,导致吊具及集装箱在铅垂平面内产生来回摇摆,在水平面内产生扭转及震荡。In addition, there are unpredictable operating inertia and wind loads, which cause the spreader and container to sway back and forth in the vertical plane, and torsion and vibration in the horizontal plane.
这种摇摆及扭转、震荡,不仅直接影响装卸过程中集装箱对位时间和操作的舒适性、安全性,还往往使集装箱产生碰撞。如碰撞频繁,将对铁路集装箱起重机吊具的电气和液压系统的稳定性、可靠性产生极大的影响。据统计,铁路集装箱桥式起重机80%的故障在吊具,而吊具80%的故障由对箱作业引起。可见,吊具的摇摆及扭转、震荡,是影响铁路集装箱起重机工作效率的主要原因,并已成为铁路集装箱起重机提高效率、降低故障率、降低劳动强度方面的瓶颈。因此,为了保证铁路集装箱起重机高效地工作,必须有效地控制其吊具的摇摆及扭转、震荡。This swaying, torsion, and vibration not only directly affect the alignment time of the container and the comfort and safety of the operation during the loading and unloading process, but also often cause the container to collide. If the collision is frequent, it will have a great impact on the stability and reliability of the electrical and hydraulic systems of the railway container crane spreader. According to statistics, 80% of the faults of railway container bridge cranes are caused by the spreader, and 80% of the faults of the spreader are caused by the operation of the container. It can be seen that the swing, torsion, and vibration of the spreader are the main reasons affecting the working efficiency of the railway container crane, and have become the bottleneck of the railway container crane in terms of improving efficiency, reducing failure rate, and reducing labor intensity. Therefore, in order to ensure the efficient operation of the railway container crane, it is necessary to effectively control the swing, twist and vibration of the spreader.
这种摇摆及扭转、震荡,不仅直接影响装卸过程中集装箱对位时间和操作的舒适性、安全性,还往往使集装箱产生碰撞。如碰撞频繁,将对铁路集装箱起重机吊具的电气和液压系统的稳定性、可靠性产生极大的影响。据统计,铁路集装箱桥式起重机80%的故障在吊具,而吊具80%的故障由对箱作业引起。可见,吊具的摇摆及扭转、震荡,是影响铁路集装箱起重机工作效率的主要原因,并已成为铁路集装箱起重机提高效率、降低故障率、降低劳动强度方面的瓶颈。因此,为了保证铁路集装箱起重机高效地工作,必须有效地控制其吊具的摇摆及扭转、震荡。This swaying, torsion, and vibration not only directly affect the alignment time of the container and the comfort and safety of the operation during the loading and unloading process, but also often cause the container to collide. If the collision is frequent, it will have a great impact on the stability and reliability of the electrical and hydraulic systems of the railway container crane spreader. According to statistics, 80% of the faults of railway container bridge cranes are caused by the spreader, and 80% of the faults of the spreader are caused by the operation of the container. It can be seen that the swing, torsion, and vibration of the spreader are the main reasons affecting the working efficiency of the railway container crane, and have become the bottleneck of the railway container crane in terms of improving efficiency, reducing failure rate, and reducing labor intensity. Therefore, in order to ensure the efficient operation of the railway container crane, it is necessary to effectively control the swing, twist and vibration of the spreader.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明所要解决的技术问题在于针对上述现有技术存在的不足提供一种结构简单、操作灵活,能有效降低起重机重量的轻量化多功能集装箱门式起重机及其防摇方法。The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a light-weight multifunctional container gantry crane and its anti-sway method with simple structure, flexible operation and effective reduction of crane weight in view of the shortcomings of the above-mentioned prior art.
本发明所采用的技术方案为:一种轻量化多功能集装箱门式起重机,其包括门架总成、安装在门架总成的四个角上的行走小车、安设在门架总成上的起升机构、吊具、司机室、电气系统、电缆卷筒,其特征在于:所述起升机构包括起升卷扬机构、拖拽式定滑轮小车、拖拽式走行卷扬机构,所述起升卷扬机构分布在门架总成的支腿上,拖拽式定滑轮小车与门架总成的主梁相配设,所述拖拽式走行卷扬机构安设在主梁的上方,所述拖拽式定滑轮小车对应由拖拽式走行卷扬机构拖拽。The technical solution adopted in the present invention is: a lightweight multifunctional container gantry crane, which includes a gantry assembly, a walking trolley installed on the four corners of the gantry assembly, and a The hoisting mechanism, spreader, driver's cab, electrical system, and cable reel are characterized in that: the hoisting mechanism includes a hoisting hoisting mechanism, a drag-type fixed pulley trolley, and a dragging-type walking hoisting mechanism. The hoisting mechanism is distributed on the outriggers of the mast assembly, and the tow-type fixed pulley trolley is matched with the main beam of the mast assembly. The towing hoisting mechanism is installed above the main beam. The drag-type fixed pulley trolley is correspondingly dragged by the drag-type walking winch mechanism.
按上述技术方案,所述门架总成包括两个平行设置的门架,所述门架由主梁和在主梁两端的支腿构成,两个门架通过上横梁、下横梁连接,在每个门架上对应设置有一组起升机构,在主梁上设有与拖拽式定滑轮小车相配设的走行轨道,每组起升机构包括两套起升卷扬机构、一组拖拽式定滑轮小车、一套拖拽式走行卷扬机构。According to the above technical solution, the door frame assembly includes two door frames arranged in parallel, the door frame is composed of a main beam and legs at both ends of the main beam, and the two door frames are connected by an upper beam and a lower beam. Each mast is equipped with a set of hoisting mechanisms, and on the main girder there is a running track matched with the tow-type fixed pulley trolley. Each set of hoisting mechanisms includes two sets of hoisting hoisting mechanisms, Fixed pulley trolley, a set of drag type walking winch mechanism.
按上述技术方案,所述每组起升机构还包括在滑轮组、用于导向的偏心改向阻尼滑轮、双向起升卷筒以及缠绕于所述双向起升卷筒、滑轮组、阻尼滑轮上的钢丝绳组,所述钢丝绳组在所述吊具与定滑轮小车之间的空间位置形成多个倒三角形,所述倒三角形的下顶点对称分布于所述吊具上。According to the above technical solution, each set of hoisting mechanisms also includes a pulley block, an eccentric redirection damping pulley for guiding, a two-way lifting drum, and a steel wire rope wound on the two-way lifting drum, the pulley block, and the damping pulley. The steel wire rope group forms a plurality of inverted triangles at the spatial position between the spreader and the fixed pulley trolley, and the lower vertices of the inverted triangles are symmetrically distributed on the spreader.
按上述技术方案,所述每组拖拽式定滑轮小车由第一拖拽式定滑轮小车和第二拖拽式定滑轮小车组成,两者结构相同,每台拖拽式定滑轮小车包括小车架,在小车架上设有走行轮组,在走行轮组的两端对称设有1组定滑轮,每组定滑轮由两个并排布置的定滑轮组成,两台拖拽式定滑轮小车之间通过连接杆相连,第一拖拽式定滑轮小车和第二拖拽式定滑轮小车的定滑轮为内外错位布置。According to the above technical scheme, each group of dragging type fixed pulley trolleys is composed of a first dragging type fixed pulley trolley and a second dragging type fixed pulley trolley, both of which have the same structure, and each dragging type fixed pulley trolley includes small The frame is equipped with a traveling wheel set on the trolley frame, and a set of fixed pulleys is symmetrically arranged at both ends of the traveling wheel set. Each set of fixed pulleys is composed of two fixed pulleys arranged side by side. Two dragging fixed pulleys The trolleys are connected by connecting rods, and the fixed pulleys of the first dragging type fixed pulley trolley and the second dragging type fixed pulley trolley are arranged in an internal and external dislocation.
按上述技术方案,所述滑轮组包括每台拖拽式定滑轮小车上设置的4个定滑轮、在吊具上设置的4组动滑轮,每组动滑轮包括两个动滑轮,所述钢丝绳组包括左侧钢丝绳和右侧钢丝绳,所述左侧钢丝绳的一端固定在一双向起升卷筒上,另一端对应与第一拖拽式定滑轮小车上的定滑轮及吊具上的2个动滑轮相配置后,缠绕并固定在该双向起升卷筒上,右侧钢丝绳的一端固定在另一双向起升卷筒上,另一端对应与第二拖拽式定滑轮小车上的4个定滑轮及吊具上的2个动滑轮相配置后,缠绕并固定在该双向起升卷筒上。According to the above technical solution, the pulley block includes 4 fixed pulleys set on each dragging type fixed pulley trolley, 4 sets of movable pulleys set on the spreader, each set of movable pulleys includes two movable pulleys, and the wire rope set includes the left side The steel wire rope and the right steel wire rope, one end of the left steel wire rope is fixed on a pair of two-way hoisting drums, and the other end corresponds to the fixed pulley on the first drag type fixed pulley trolley and the two movable pulleys on the spreader. , wound and fixed on the two-way lifting drum, one end of the right steel wire rope is fixed on the other two-way lifting drum, and the other end corresponds to the four fixed pulleys and spreaders on the second dragging fixed pulley trolley After the two movable pulleys on the roller are configured, they are wound and fixed on the two-way lifting drum.
按上述技术方案,在每个门架上的四周分布的第一导向滑轮组和第二导向滑轮组,所述左侧钢丝绳的四个角分别通过第一导向滑轮组导向,所述第一导向滑轮组包括安设在门架左侧的两个同心导向滑轮和安设在门架右侧的两个偏心改向阻尼滑轮,所述右侧钢丝绳的四个角分别通过第二导向滑轮组导向;所述第二导向滑轮组包括安设在门架左侧的两个偏心改向阻尼滑轮和安设在门架右侧的两个同心导向滑轮。According to the above technical solution, the four corners of the left steel wire ropes are respectively guided by the first guide pulley set on the first guide pulley set and the second guide pulley set distributed around each gantry, and the first guide pulley set includes Two concentric guide pulleys on the left side of the mast and two eccentric redirection damping pulleys on the right side of the mast, the four corners of the steel wire rope on the right side are respectively guided by the second guide pulley group; the second The guide pulley block includes two eccentric redirection damping pulleys arranged on the left side of the mast and two concentric guide pulleys arranged on the right side of the mast.
按上述技术方案,所述吊具在上吊架上设有4个连接座,用于与动滑轮组相连。According to the above technical solution, the hanger is provided with 4 connecting seats on the upper hanger for connecting with the moving pulley block.
上述轻量化多功能集装箱门式起重机的防摇方法,其特征在于:它包括如下步骤:The anti-sway method of the above-mentioned lightweight multifunctional container gantry crane is characterized in that it includes the following steps:
步骤一、在第一、第二拖拽式定滑轮小车的两端分别对称设有2组定滑轮,每组定滑轮由两个并排布置的定滑轮组成,两小车的定滑轮错位布置,两小车之间通过连杆连接,在吊具上对称设置有4组动滑轮组,每组动滑轮组为2个动滑轮,每一组动滑轮与拖拽式定滑轮小车上的一组定滑轮相对应,两小车的定滑轮间距大于两组动滑轮的间距,每台小车的两组定滑轮间距大于每组动滑轮的2个动滑轮的间距;Step 1. Two sets of fixed pulleys are arranged symmetrically at both ends of the first and second drag-type fixed pulley trolleys. Each set of fixed pulleys is composed of two fixed pulleys arranged side by side. The trolleys are connected by connecting rods, and there are 4 sets of moving pulleys symmetrically arranged on the spreader, each set of moving pulleys is 2 moving pulleys, and each set of moving pulleys corresponds to a set of fixed pulleys on the dragging type fixed pulley trolley. The distance between the fixed pulleys of the trolley is greater than the distance between the two sets of movable pulleys, and the distance between the two sets of fixed pulleys of each trolley is greater than the distance between the two movable pulleys of each set of movable pulleys;
步骤二、将钢丝绳组对应分成左侧钢丝绳和右侧钢丝绳,在每个门架上的四周分布第一导向滑轮组和第二导向滑轮组,所述左侧钢丝绳的四个角分别通过第一导向滑轮组导向,所述第一导向滑轮组包括安设在门架左侧的两个同心导向滑轮和安设在门架右侧的两个偏心改向阻尼滑轮,所述右侧钢丝绳的四个角分别通过第二导向滑轮组导向;所述第二导向滑轮组包括安设在门架左侧的两个偏心改向阻尼滑轮和安设在门架右侧的两个同心导向滑轮;Step 2: Divide the steel wire rope groups into left steel wire ropes and right steel wire ropes, distribute the first guide pulley group and the second guide pulley group around each gantry, and the four corners of the left steel wire ropes respectively pass through the first guide pulley group guide, the first guide pulley set includes two concentric guide pulleys installed on the left side of the mast and two eccentric redirection damping pulleys installed on the right side of the mast, the four corners of the right wire rope pass through The second guide pulley set is guided; the second guide pulley set includes two eccentric redirection damping pulleys arranged on the left side of the mast and two concentric guide pulleys arranged on the right side of the mast;
步骤三、左侧钢丝绳的绕组方式为:Step 3. The winding method of the left steel wire rope is:
所述左侧钢丝绳的一端固定在左侧卷扬机构的双向起升卷筒上,另一端走同心导向滑轮、第一拖拽式定滑轮小车上的一定滑轮,吊具上的一动滑轮,第一拖拽式定滑轮小车上的定滑轮,偏心改向阻尼滑轮,偏心改向阻尼滑轮,第一拖拽式定滑轮小车上的另一组的一定滑轮,吊具上的动滑轮,第一拖拽式定滑轮小车上定滑轮,同心导向滑轮,最后回到左侧起升卷扬机的双向起升卷筒上缠绕并固定;One end of the left steel wire rope is fixed on the two-way hoisting drum of the left hoisting mechanism, and the other end goes through concentric guide pulleys, a certain pulley on the first drag-type fixed pulley trolley, a moving pulley on the spreader, the first The fixed pulley on the pulley fixed pulley trolley, the eccentric redirection damping pulley, the eccentric redirection damping pulley, the other set of fixed pulleys on the first pull type fixed pulley trolley, the movable pulley on the spreader, the first pulley The fixed pulley on the fixed pulley trolley, the concentric guide pulley, and finally return to the two-way lifting drum of the left lifting hoist to wind and fix;
步骤四、右侧钢丝绳的绕组方式:Step 4. The winding method of the wire rope on the right side:
所述右侧钢丝绳的一端固定在右侧卷扬机构的双向起升卷筒上,另一端走同心导向滑轮、第二拖拽式定滑轮小车上的一定滑轮、吊具上的一动滑轮、第二拖拽式定滑轮小车上的定滑轮、偏心改向阻尼滑轮、偏心改向阻尼滑轮、第二拖拽式定滑轮小车上的另一组的一定滑轮、吊具上的动滑轮、第二拖拽式定滑轮小车上定滑轮、同心导向滑轮,最后回到右侧起升卷扬机的双向起升卷筒上缠绕并固定。One end of the right side steel wire rope is fixed on the two-way hoisting drum of the right hoisting mechanism, and the other end walks the concentric guide pulley, the certain pulley on the second drag type fixed pulley trolley, a moving pulley on the spreader, the second The fixed pulley on the drag-type fixed pulley trolley, the eccentric redirection damping pulley, the eccentric redirection damping pulley, the other set of fixed pulleys on the second drag-type fixed pulley trolley, the movable pulley on the spreader, the second drag The fixed pulley and the concentric guide pulley on the type fixed pulley trolley are finally returned to the two-way hoisting drum of the right hoisting machine to be wound and fixed.
按上述技术方案,所述偏心改向阻尼滑轮的钢丝绳底径圆与滑轮的中心销轴为偏心结构。According to the above technical solution, the bottom diameter circle of the wire rope of the eccentric redirection damping pulley and the center pin shaft of the pulley are in an eccentric structure.
钢丝绳绕组后,由于两拖拽式定滑轮小车与两动滑轮组间距差异,在拖拽式定滑轮小车和吊具之间,钢丝绳投影在顺主梁断面形成了三角形;由于拖拽式定滑轮小车的左右定滑轮与动滑轮组的左右动滑轮间距差异,钢丝绳投影在垂直主梁断面形成了三角形;同理,钢丝绳投影在其他任一断面,均形成了三角形。After the wire rope is wound, due to the difference in distance between the two dragging fixed pulley trolleys and the two moving pulley blocks, between the dragging fixed pulley trolley and the spreader, the wire rope projection forms a triangle along the main beam section; due to the dragging fixed pulley trolley The distance difference between the left and right fixed pulleys and the left and right movable pulleys of the movable pulley block, the projection of the steel wire rope forms a triangle on the vertical main beam section; similarly, the projection of the steel wire rope on any other section forms a triangle.
钢丝绳绕组后,由于偏心改向阻尼滑轮具有自动平衡功能,约束钢丝绳带动偏心改向阻尼滑轮旋转。After the wire rope is wound, since the eccentric redirection damping pulley has an automatic balance function, the constrained steel wire rope drives the eccentric redirection damping pulley to rotate.
综合上述步骤,钢丝绳绕组后,利用三角形具有稳定性的特点,结合偏心改向阻尼滑轮具有自动平衡的特性,实现了吊具的防摇功能。Combining the above steps, after the wire rope is wound, the anti-sway function of the spreader is realized by utilizing the stability of the triangle and the automatic balance of the eccentric redirection damping pulley.
本发明所取得的有益效果为:1、本发明的每个起升卷扬机构对应分布在门架总成的四个角上,其的位置分布实现了整机重心下移,降低了上部结构载荷重量,实现集装箱门式起重机自身结构轻量化;2、本发明的起升机构在沿主梁方向和垂直主梁方向形成多个倒三角形,通过多方向三角形布置,配合阻尼滑轮,实现了各方向防摇的目的;3、本发明的4套起升卷扬可以一个单独动作,或两个或三个或四个联合动作,用于其他装卸货物,实现一机多能,操作灵活,同时通过两个门架上的两组起升机构的拖拽式小车的不对称运动,可实现装卸集装箱±30°回转功能,方便集装箱对位。The beneficial effects obtained by the present invention are as follows: 1. Each hoisting hoisting mechanism of the present invention is correspondingly distributed on the four corners of the mast assembly, and its position distribution realizes the downward movement of the center of gravity of the whole machine and reduces the load of the upper structure 2. The hoisting mechanism of the present invention forms a plurality of inverted triangles along the direction of the main girder and the direction perpendicular to the main girder, and through multi-directional triangular arrangements and with damping pulleys, the lifting mechanism in each direction is realized. The purpose of anti-shaking; 3. The 4 sets of hoisting winches of the present invention can be used for one single action, or two or three or four joint actions for loading and unloading other goods, so as to realize one machine with multiple functions and flexible operation. The asymmetrical movement of the towing trolleys of the two sets of lifting mechanisms on the two masts can realize the ±30° rotation function of loading and unloading containers, which is convenient for container alignment.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明的主视图。Fig. 1 is the front view of the present invention.
图2为本发明的侧视图。Figure 2 is a side view of the present invention.
图3为本发明中门架总成的主视图。Fig. 3 is a front view of the mast assembly in the present invention.
图4为本发明中门架总成的侧视图。Fig. 4 is a side view of the mast assembly in the present invention.
图5本发明中主梁的横截面示意图。Fig. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the main beam in the present invention.
图6为本发明中主梁的局部结构示意图。Fig. 6 is a partial structural schematic diagram of the main girder in the present invention.
图7-图8为本发明中起升机构的布置示意图。7-8 are schematic layout diagrams of the lifting mechanism in the present invention.
图9为本发明中拖拽式定滑轮小车的主视图。Fig. 9 is the front view of the tow-type fixed pulley trolley in the present invention.
图10为本发明中拖拽式定滑轮小车的俯视图。Fig. 10 is a top view of the tow-type fixed pulley trolley in the present invention.
图11本发明中一组起升机构的钢丝绳的绕组示意图。Fig. 11 is a schematic diagram of the winding of a group of wire ropes of the hoisting mechanism in the present invention.
图12为本发明中双向起升卷筒的钢丝绳缠绕示意图。Fig. 12 is a schematic diagram of wire rope winding for a two-way hoisting drum in the present invention.
图13为拖拽式走行卷扬机中走行卷筒的钢丝绳缠绕示意图。Fig. 13 is a schematic diagram of the wire rope winding of the traveling reel in the dragging type traveling hoist.
图14为左侧钢丝绳绕组和右侧钢丝绳的绕组示意图。Fig. 14 is a schematic diagram of the left wire rope winding and the right wire rope winding.
图15为沿主梁方向左侧钢丝绳和右侧钢丝绳绕组形成的倒三角示意图。Fig. 15 is a schematic diagram of an inverted triangle formed by the winding of the left steel wire rope and the right steel wire rope along the direction of the main girder.
图16为垂直主梁方向左侧钢丝绳绕组形成的倒三角示意图。Fig. 16 is a schematic diagram of an inverted triangle formed by the left wire rope winding in the direction perpendicular to the main girder.
图17为本发明中阻尼滑轮的主剖视图。Fig. 17 is a main sectional view of the damping pulley in the present invention.
图18为本发明中阻尼滑轮的结构示意图。Fig. 18 is a structural schematic diagram of the damping pulley in the present invention.
图19-图20为本发明中的阻尼滑轮力矩分析示意图。19-20 are schematic diagrams of torque analysis of the damping pulley in the present invention.
图21本发明中吊具的主视图。Figure 21 is the front view of the spreader in the present invention.
图22为本发明中吊具的俯视图。Fig. 22 is a top view of the sling in the present invention.
图23为本发明中上吊架的主视图。Fig. 23 is a front view of the upper hanger in the present invention.
图24为本发明中上吊架的俯视图。Fig. 24 is a top view of the upper hanger in the present invention.
图25-图28为本发明中转锁机构的结构示意图。25-28 are structural schematic diagrams of the relay lock mechanism of the present invention.
图29为本发明中行走台车的主视图。Fig. 29 is the front view of the walking trolley in the present invention.
图30为本发明中在台车架的两端设置千斤顶的布置示意图。Fig. 30 is a schematic diagram of arrangement of jacks at both ends of the trolley frame in the present invention.
具体实施方式detailed description
下面结合附图对本发明作进一步说明。The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
如图1、2所示,本实施例提供了一种轻量化多功能集装箱门式起重机,其包括门架总成1、安装在门架总成1的四个角上的行走小车4、安设在门架总成上的起升机构2、吊具3、司机室5、梯道栏杆6、电气系统7、电缆卷筒62、防风锚定63。As shown in Figures 1 and 2, this embodiment provides a light-weight multifunctional container gantry crane, which includes a gantry assembly 1, a walking trolley 4 installed on the four corners of the gantry assembly 1, an The hoisting mechanism 2, spreader 3, driver's cab 5, stairway railing 6, electrical system 7, cable reel 62, and windproof anchor 63 arranged on the mast assembly.
如图3-6所示,所述门架总成包括两个平行设置的门架,所述门架由主梁8和在主梁8两端的支腿9构成,两个门架通过上横梁10、下横梁12连接,在上横梁和下横梁之间可设小横梁11,主梁8的主要结构形式采用箱型梁截面,设有隔板和纵向加强筋,下部两侧设耳梁作为小车走行轨道。耳梁结构由磨耗板13、耳梁盖板14、耳梁腹板15、耳梁隔板16组成。耳梁设置1:5向下斜度,便于拖拽式定滑轮小车运行时车轮自动对中,磨耗板便于快速更换。支腿9为变截面结构。小横梁11、下横梁12均为箱形梁结构。每侧的上横梁10、小横梁11和支腿12组成“井”字结构,方便现场快速整体组装。As shown in Figure 3-6, the door frame assembly includes two door frames arranged in parallel, the door frame is composed of a main beam 8 and legs 9 at both ends of the main beam 8, and the two door frames pass through the upper beam 10. The lower beam 12 is connected, and a small beam 11 can be set between the upper beam and the lower beam. The main structural form of the main beam 8 adopts a box-shaped beam section, with partitions and longitudinal ribs, and ear beams are set on both sides of the lower part as The trolley walks on the track. The ear beam structure is composed of wear plates 13 , ear beam cover plates 14 , ear beam webs 15 , and ear beam partitions 16 . The ear beam is set with a downward slope of 1:5, which is convenient for the automatic centering of the wheels when the tow-type fixed pulley trolley is running, and the wear plate is convenient for quick replacement. The legs 9 are variable cross-section structures. Both the small beam 11 and the lower beam 12 are of box beam structure. The upper beam 10, the small beam 11 and the outriggers 12 on each side form a "well" structure, which is convenient for quick overall assembly on site.
如图7-8所示,在每个门架上对应设置有一组起升机构,在门架总成上共有两组起升机构,通过左右两侧主梁上的拖拽式定滑轮小车不对称运动,实现装卸集装箱±30°回转功能,方便集装箱对位。每组起升机构包括两套起升卷扬机构17、一组拖拽式定滑轮小车18、一套拖拽式走行卷扬机构19。每个起升卷扬机构17对应分布在每个下横梁12上,位于支腿9处并穿透支腿,其的位置分布实现了整机重心下移,降低了上部结构载荷重量,实现集装箱门式起重机自身结构轻量化。拖拽式定滑轮小车18下挂于门架的主梁8的下耳梁上,拖拽式走行卷扬机构19安装在主梁8的上方。本发明中通过起升机构分散性布置,改善了门架总成的受力。As shown in Figure 7-8, each mast is equipped with a set of hoisting mechanisms. There are two sets of hoisting mechanisms on the mast assembly. Symmetrical movement realizes ±30° rotation function for loading and unloading containers, which is convenient for container alignment. Every group of hoisting mechanisms includes two sets of hoisting hoisting mechanisms 17, one group of dragging type fixed pulley trolley 18, and a set of dragging type walking hoisting mechanisms 19. Each hoisting hoisting mechanism 17 is correspondingly distributed on each lower beam 12, located at the outrigger 9 and penetrating through the outrigger. The position distribution of it realizes the downward movement of the center of gravity of the whole machine, reduces the load weight of the upper structure, and realizes the container door The structure of the crane itself is lightweight. The dragging type fixed pulley dolly 18 is hung on the lower ear beam of the main beam 8 of the door frame, and the dragging type walking winch mechanism 19 is installed on the top of the main beam 8 . In the present invention, the force bearing of the mast assembly is improved through the decentralized arrangement of the hoisting mechanism.
本实施例中,所述起升机构具有防摇作用,每组起升机构还包括滑轮组、双向起升卷筒以及缠绕于所述双向起升卷筒、滑轮组上的钢丝绳组,所述钢丝绳组在所述吊具与定滑轮小车之间的空间位置形成多个倒三角形,所述倒三角形的下顶点对称分布于所述吊具上。本发明利用几何原理,通过钢丝绳组的缠绕角度和不同的固定位置,形成一种有一定刚性的柔性连接方式,由此对有单摆性质的吊具增加了几何干涉阻尼,消除了惯性摆动幅度,进而消除了吊具的摆动,实现多方向的防摇。In this embodiment, the lifting mechanism has an anti-sway function, and each group of lifting mechanisms also includes a pulley block, a two-way lifting drum, and a steel wire rope set wound on the two-way lifting drum and the pulley block, and the steel wire rope set A plurality of inverted triangles are formed at the spatial position between the spreader and the fixed pulley trolley, and the lower vertices of the inverted triangles are symmetrically distributed on the spreader. The invention utilizes the geometric principle to form a flexible connection with certain rigidity through the winding angle and different fixed positions of the steel wire rope groups, thus adding geometric interference damping to the hanger with the nature of a single pendulum, and eliminating the inertial swing amplitude , thereby eliminating the swing of the spreader and realizing multi-directional anti-sway.
其中,起升卷扬机构17采用同向双向起升卷筒,其一边为左旋,另一边为右旋(如图12所示),钢丝绳分别固定在卷筒体两端或中部,其通过制动器和编码器的变频减速电机驱动。在下横梁的左右各设2件,共4件。Wherein, the hoisting hoist mechanism 17 adopts the same direction and two-way lifting reel, and one side is left-handed, and the other side is right-handed (as shown in Figure 12), and the steel wire ropes are respectively fixed on the two ends or the middle part of the reel body, and it passes through the brake and the right-handed reel. The encoder is driven by a variable frequency geared motor. 2 pieces are respectively established on the left and right sides of the lower beam, 4 pieces in total.
如图9-10所示,所述每组拖拽式定滑轮小车18由第一拖拽式定滑轮小车和第二拖拽式定滑轮小车组成,两者结构相同,其均下挂在主梁的耳梁的行走轨道上。每台拖拽式定滑轮小车包括小车架26,在小车架26的两侧对称设有走行轮组29和1组定滑轮27,每组定滑轮由两个并排布置的定滑轮组成,每组定滑轮由两个并排布置的定滑轮组成,两定滑轮小车的2组定滑轮呈错位布置,避免钢丝绳干涉。在小车架26的两端头均设有托绳轮25。所述走行轮组29为锥形结构。两台拖拽式定滑轮小车之间通过连接杆28相连,组成一组。为保证小车运行平稳,小车架运行轨道极限位置设缓冲装置23(在图7中示意)。在小车架上还配置有张紧装置22,其张紧装置22-采用螺旋机械锁紧结构,为调节钢丝绳长短而设计。其中,小车架26为主要结构件和承载件,具有足够的强度、刚度、疲劳强度和稳定性。为便于安装方便,小车架26采用分段设计,连接处采用法兰高强螺栓联接。As shown in Figures 9-10, each group of dragging type fixed pulley trolleys 18 is composed of a first dragging type fixed pulley trolley and a second dragging type fixed pulley trolley. Beam on the walking track of the ear beam. Each dragging type fixed pulley trolley comprises trolley frame 26, is provided with traveling wheel set 29 and 1 group of fixed pulleys 27 symmetrically on both sides of trolley frame 26, and each group of fixed pulleys is made up of two fixed pulleys arranged side by side, Each set of fixed pulleys is composed of two fixed pulleys arranged side by side, and the two sets of fixed pulleys of the two fixed pulley trolleys are arranged in a misalignment to avoid wire rope interference. Both ends of trolley frame 26 are all provided with sheave 25. The running wheel set 29 is a tapered structure. Link to each other by connecting rod 28 between two drag-type fixed pulley dollies, form a group. In order to ensure that the trolley runs smoothly, a buffer device 23 (shown in FIG. 7 ) is provided at the extreme position of the trolley frame running track. A tensioning device 22 is also arranged on the trolley frame, and its tensioning device 22 adopts a spiral mechanical locking structure and is designed for adjusting the length of the wire rope. Wherein, the trolley frame 26 is a main structural part and a bearing part, and has sufficient strength, rigidity, fatigue strength and stability. For ease of installation, the trolley frame 26 is designed in sections, and the joints are connected by high-strength flange bolts.
如图7、11所示,拖拽式走行卷扬机构包括走行卷扬机19、在每个门架的四角分布的第三导向滑轮组20,第三导向滑轮组20包括4个同心导向滑轮,走行卷扬机构的钢丝绳绕组方式为:拖拽式钢丝绳24固定在走行卷扬机上,从走行卷扬机上绕到13号同心导向滑轮,走14号同心导向滑轮,走小车架上的张紧装置,走15号同心导向滑轮,走16号同心导向滑轮,最后回到走行卷扬机上,其卷筒绳槽为同旋向,两端或中部设有锁定钢丝绳装置。As shown in Figures 7 and 11, the drag-type traveling hoist mechanism includes a traveling hoist 19, a third guide pulley block 20 distributed at the four corners of each mast, and the third guide pulley block 20 includes 4 concentric guide pulleys. The wire rope winding method is as follows: the drag type wire rope 24 is fixed on the traveling hoist, winds from the traveling hoist to the No. 13 concentric guide pulley, passes through the No. 14 concentric guide pulley, passes through the tensioning device on the trolley frame, and passes through the No. 15 concentric guide pulley The pulleys go on No. 16 concentric guide pulleys, and finally return to the traveling hoist. The drum rope grooves are in the same direction of rotation, and the two ends or the middle are equipped with locking wire rope devices.
上述起重机的减摇方法,包括如下步骤:The anti-sway method of above-mentioned crane comprises the steps:
步骤一、在第一、第二拖拽式定滑轮小车的两端分别对称设有2组定滑轮27,每组定滑轮由两个并排布置的定滑轮组成,在吊具上对称设置有4组动滑轮22,每组动滑轮包括2个动滑轮,每组动滑轮22与拖拽式定滑轮小车上的两组定滑轮27相对应,两小车的间距大于两组动滑轮(沿主梁方向的两组)的间距,每台小车的两组定滑轮间距(垂直主梁方向)大于每组动滑轮的左右动滑轮间距;Step 1. Two sets of fixed pulleys 27 are respectively symmetrically arranged at both ends of the first and second dragging type fixed pulley trolleys. Each set of fixed pulleys is composed of two fixed pulleys arranged side by side. Set of movable pulleys 22, each set of movable pulleys includes 2 movable pulleys, each set of movable pulleys 22 corresponds to two sets of fixed pulleys 27 on the towed fixed pulley trolley, and the distance between the two trolleys is greater than the two sets of movable pulleys (two groups along the direction of the main beam) The distance between the two sets of fixed pulleys of each trolley (vertical to the main beam direction) is greater than the distance between the left and right movable pulleys of each set of movable pulleys;
步骤二、将钢丝绳组对应分成左侧钢丝绳30和右侧钢丝绳31,在门架总成的上端四周分别设置第一导向滑轮组和第二导向滑轮组,第一导向滑轮组用于为左侧钢丝绳的环绕导向,所述第一导向滑轮组包括安设在门架左侧的两个同心导向滑轮和安设在门架右侧的两个偏心改向阻尼滑轮,第二导向滑轮组用于为右侧钢丝绳的环绕导向,所述第二导向滑轮组包括安设在门架左侧的两个偏心改向阻尼滑轮和安设在门架右侧的两个同心导向滑轮。所述偏心改向阻尼滑轮的钢丝绳底径圆与滑轮的中心销轴圆32为偏心结构(如图19、20所示);钢丝绳绕进或绕出滑轮绳槽时的偏斜角度小于3°。当阻尼滑轮平衡时,回转半径L1=L2,回转力矩,L1*F=L2*F;当阻尼滑轮转动时,其一入绳处的回转半径L1变大,另一入绳处的回转半径L2变小,L1*F>L2*F,自然形成阻止其转动的力矩,保持两入绳处的力矩平衡。导向轮的销轴采用摩擦系数大的材料,增加摩擦阻力,约束滑轮转动。滑轮的设计充分考虑滑轮检查、润滑、安装和更换的方便,且设有防止钢丝绳脱槽的保护装置;Step 2: Divide the steel wire rope group into left steel wire rope 30 and right steel wire rope 31, respectively set the first guide pulley group and the second guide pulley group around the upper end of the mast assembly, the first guide pulley group is used to surround the left steel wire rope guide, the first guide pulley set includes two concentric guide pulleys installed on the left side of the mast and two eccentric redirection damping pulleys installed on the right side of the mast, and the second guide pulley set is used for the right wire rope Surrounding the guide, the second guide pulley set includes two eccentric redirection damping pulleys arranged on the left side of the mast and two concentric guide pulleys arranged on the right side of the mast. The wire rope bottom diameter circle of the eccentric redirection damping pulley and the center pin shaft circle 32 of the pulley are eccentric structures (as shown in Figures 19 and 20); the deflection angle when the wire rope winds into or out of the pulley rope groove is less than 3° . When the damping pulley is balanced, the turning radius L1=L2, the turning moment, L1*F=L2*F; when the damping pulley rotates, the turning radius L1 at one rope entry becomes larger, and the turning radius L2 at the other rope entry becomes smaller, L1*F>L2*F, naturally forms a torque to prevent its rotation, and keeps the torque balance at the two ropes. The pin shaft of the guide wheel adopts a material with a large friction coefficient to increase the friction resistance and restrain the rotation of the pulley. The design of the pulley fully considers the convenience of pulley inspection, lubrication, installation and replacement, and is equipped with a protection device to prevent the wire rope from falling out of the groove;
步骤三、如图11、14所示,左侧钢丝绳30的绕组方式为:Step 3, as shown in Figures 11 and 14, the winding method of the left wire rope 30 is:
所述左侧钢丝绳30的一端固定在左侧卷扬机构的双向起升卷筒上,另一端对应绕到20号同心导向滑轮,走4号定滑轮,走10号动滑轮,走3号定滑轮,走19号偏心改向阻尼滑轮,走18号偏心改向阻尼滑轮,走6号定滑轮,走11号动滑轮,走5号定滑轮,走17号同心导向滑轮,最后回到左侧起升卷扬机的双向起升卷筒上缠绕并固定。One end of the left steel wire rope 30 is fixed on the two-way hoisting drum of the left hoisting mechanism, and the other end is correspondingly wound to the No. 20 concentric guide pulley, No. 4 fixed pulley, No. 10 movable pulley, and No. 3 fixed pulley. Take No. 19 eccentric redirection damping pulley, No. 18 eccentric redirection damping pulley, No. 6 fixed pulley, No. 11 movable pulley, No. 5 fixed pulley, No. 17 concentric guide pulley, and finally return to the left hoisting hoist Wrapped and fixed on the two-way lifting reel.
步骤四、如图11、14所示,右侧钢丝绳的绕组方式为:Step 4. As shown in Figures 11 and 14, the winding method of the wire rope on the right side is:
右侧钢丝绳31的一端固定在右侧的卷扬机构的双向起升卷筒上,另一端对应与第一拖拽式定滑轮小车上的23号同心导向滑轮,走1号定滑轮,走9号动滑轮,走2号定滑轮,走24号偏心改向阻尼滑轮,走21号偏心改向阻尼滑轮,走7号定滑轮,走12号动滑轮,走8号定滑轮,走22号第二导向滑轮,最后回到右侧起升卷扬机的双向起升卷筒上缠绕并固定。One end of the wire rope 31 on the right side is fixed on the two-way hoisting drum of the winch mechanism on the right side, and the other end corresponds to the No. 23 concentric guide pulley on the first dragging type fixed pulley trolley, and the No. 1 fixed pulley is used, and the No. 9 fixed pulley is used. Moving pulley, No. 2 fixed pulley, No. 24 eccentric redirection damping pulley, No. 21 eccentric redirection damping pulley, No. 7 fixed pulley, No. 12 movable pulley, No. 8 fixed pulley, No. 22 second guide pulley , and finally return to the two-way hoisting drum of the hoist on the right side to wind and fix it.
步骤五、钢丝绳绕组后,由于两拖拽式定滑轮小车与两动滑轮组间距差异,在拖拽式定滑轮小车和吊具之间,钢丝绳投影在顺主梁断面形成了三角形(如图15所示);由于拖拽式定滑轮小车的左右定滑轮与动滑轮组的左右动滑轮间距差异,钢丝绳投影在垂直主梁断面形成了三角形(如图16所示);同理,钢丝绳投影在其他任一断面,均形成了三角形;Step 5: After the steel wire rope is wound, due to the difference in distance between the two drag-type fixed pulley trolleys and the two moving pulley blocks, between the drag-type fixed pulley trolley and the spreader, the projection of the steel wire rope forms a triangle along the main beam section (as shown in Figure 15 shown); due to the difference in spacing between the left and right fixed pulleys of the drag-type fixed pulley trolley and the left and right movable pulleys of the movable pulley block, the projection of the steel wire rope forms a triangle on the vertical main beam section (as shown in Figure 16); similarly, the projection of the steel wire rope on any other The cross-sections all form a triangle;
步骤六、钢丝绳绕组后,由于偏心改向阻尼滑轮具有自动平衡功能,约束钢丝绳带动偏心改向阻尼滑轮旋转;Step 6: After the steel wire rope is wound, since the eccentric redirection damping pulley has an automatic balance function, the wire rope is constrained to drive the eccentric redirection damping pulley to rotate;
步骤七、综合上述步骤,钢丝绳绕组后,利用三角形具有稳定性的特点,结合偏心改向阻尼滑轮具有自动平衡的特性,实现了吊具的防摇功能。Step 7. Combining the above steps, after the wire rope is wound, the anti-sway function of the spreader is realized by utilizing the stability of the triangle and the automatic balance of the eccentric redirection damping pulley.
综上所述,本发明的4套起升卷扬可以一个单独动作,或两个或三个或四个联合动作,用于其他装卸货物,实现一机多能。To sum up, the 4 sets of hoisting winches of the present invention can be used for one single action, or two or three or four joint actions for loading and unloading other goods, so as to realize one machine with multiple functions.
如图21-24所示,本实施例中的吊具包括上吊架64、回转机构、下吊架33,所述上吊架64通过回转机构与下吊架33相连,所述回转机构用于实现下吊架360度回转,在上吊架64上设有4个连接座34,用于通过销轴与动滑轮实现快速连接。在下吊架33的两条直角边上设置有导向板35,用于实现集装箱吊装时的快速定位。在下吊架33的端梁37的两端均安装有转锁机构36。As shown in Figures 21-24, the hanger in this embodiment includes an upper hanger 64, a rotary mechanism, and a lower hanger 33. The upper hanger 64 is connected with the lower hanger 33 through a rotary mechanism, and the rotary mechanism is used to realize The lower hanger is 360-degree rotatable, and the upper hanger 64 is provided with four connecting seats 34, which are used to realize quick connection by the bearing pin and the movable pulley. Guide plates 35 are arranged on the two right-angle sides of the lower hanger 33 for realizing quick positioning when the container is hoisted. A turn lock mechanism 36 is installed at both ends of the end beam 37 of the lower hanger 33 .
本实施例中,所述回转机构包括安设在上吊架64上的回转电机65、与回转电机65输出轴相连的涡轮蜗杆机构66,与涡轮蜗杆机构相配置的回转轴67,所述回转轴67的上连接座与上吊架64相连,回转轴上的下连接座与下吊架33相连,以实现下吊架360度回转,实现了铁路集装箱“门对门”的装卸要求。In this embodiment, the rotary mechanism includes a rotary motor 65 installed on the upper hanger 64, a worm gear mechanism 66 connected to the output shaft of the rotary motor 65, and a rotary shaft 67 configured with the worm gear mechanism. The upper connecting seat of 67 links to each other with the upper hanger 64, and the lower connecting seat on the rotary shaft links to each other with the lower hanger 33, to realize the 360-degree rotation of the lower hanger, and realize the loading and unloading requirements of the "door-to-door" of the railway container.
如图25-28所示,转锁机构包括电动推杆38、偏心轮39、连杆机构40、导轮总成41、旋锁总成42,所述电动推杆38的一端头与偏心轮39相连,偏心轮39与连杆机构40相连,所述连杆机构40与旋锁总成42相连,所述导轮总成41为连杆机构40提供导向作用。根据合理行程计算,电动推杆38驱动偏心轮39旋转90°,通过连杆机构40则可驱动旋锁总成转销旋转90°,可实现转锁机构开闭锁。电动推杆38是一种电动执行机构,其工作原理是由电机旋转经涡轮蜗杆或者齿轮改变为直线运动,通过推拉往返,来达到使连杆机构完成往复动作,具有体积小、安装方便、环保无污染、运行平稳、负载大、精度高以及可实现同步自动化控制等优点。电动推杆采用最小推力300kg.f。如图27所示,所述连杆机构40包括依次相连的摆杆43、水平杆44、拉杆45,所述摆杆43与偏心轮39相连,水平杆44与导轮总成41相配置,拉杆15与旋锁总成42相连。其中,水平杆44可沿着导轮总成41做直线运动;摆杆43在电动推杆及偏心轮39的推动下可绕连接轴做摆线运动。其中,如图28所示,旋锁总成由转销46、座圈47、滑套48、滑板49、凸球块50、凹球块51、导向套52组成。座圈47由公母座圈组成,方便组装和拆卸。本机构由连杆机构40带动座圈47转动,从而带动转销46旋转。滑板49、凸球块50、凹球块51中设置油槽,方便润滑。导向套52可在集装箱吊装工作时保护转销46不受机械损伤。As shown in Figures 25-28, the twist lock mechanism includes an electric push rod 38, an eccentric wheel 39, a linkage mechanism 40, a guide wheel assembly 41, and a twist lock assembly 42. One end of the electric push rod 38 is connected to the eccentric wheel 39 is connected, the eccentric wheel 39 is connected with the link mechanism 40, and the link mechanism 40 is connected with the twist lock assembly 42, and the guide wheel assembly 41 provides the guiding function for the link mechanism 40. According to reasonable stroke calculation, the electric push rod 38 drives the eccentric wheel 39 to rotate 90°, and then the connecting rod mechanism 40 can drive the rotary pin of the rotary lock assembly to rotate 90°, so that the rotary lock mechanism can be opened and closed. The electric push rod 38 is an electric actuator. Its working principle is that the rotation of the motor is changed into a linear motion through the worm or gear, and the connecting rod mechanism can complete the reciprocating action by pushing and pulling back and forth. It has the advantages of small size, convenient installation, and environmental protection. It has the advantages of no pollution, stable operation, large load, high precision and synchronous automatic control. The electric push rod adopts a minimum thrust of 300kg.f. As shown in Figure 27, the link mechanism 40 includes a swing rod 43, a horizontal rod 44, and a pull rod 45 connected in sequence, the swing rod 43 is connected to the eccentric wheel 39, and the horizontal rod 44 is configured with the guide wheel assembly 41. The pull rod 15 is connected with the twist lock assembly 42 . Wherein, the horizontal bar 44 can do linear motion along the guide wheel assembly 41; Wherein, as shown in Figure 28, the twist lock assembly is made up of revolving pin 46, seat ring 47, sliding sleeve 48, slide plate 49, convex ball block 50, concave ball block 51, guide sleeve 52. The seat ring 47 is composed of a male and a female seat ring, which is convenient for assembly and disassembly. This mechanism drives the seat ring 47 to rotate by the link mechanism 40, thereby drives the rotating pin 46 to rotate. Oil grooves are set in the slide plate 49, the convex ball block 50, and the concave ball block 51, which is convenient for lubrication. The guide sleeve 52 can protect the revolving pin 46 from mechanical damage when the container is hoisted.
需要吊装集装箱时,控制吊具下落,利用吊具两边导向板35实现转销精确定位,调整吊具,使四个转锁挂钩对位集装箱四个长椭圆形孔后再下降吊具,吊具四个角落着箱限位传感器传递信号到控制室,到位后启动电动推杆,通过连杆机构驱动转销旋转90度,转锁头扣住锁孔;集装箱和吊具锁成1个整体,为闭锁状态,可进行吊运。When it is necessary to lift the container, control the whereabouts of the spreader, use the guide plates 35 on both sides of the spreader to realize the precise positioning of the revolving pin, adjust the spreader so that the four turnlock hooks are aligned with the four oblong holes of the container, and then lower the spreader. The limit sensors of the four corners of the container transmit signals to the control room. After the position is in place, the electric push rod is activated, and the revolving pin is driven to rotate 90 degrees through the linkage mechanism, and the revolving lock head is fastened to the lock hole; the container and the spreader are locked as a whole, In the locked state, it can be lifted.
本发明中的吊具采用电动推杆驱动旋锁机构,结构元件少,结构紧凑,安装调试方便,性能安全可靠,机构传动精确度容易保证,通过回转机构,实现集装箱360度任意回转,有效的提高了工作效率,实现了铁路集装箱“门对门”的装卸要求。且在中小型货场任务量不大的情况下可根据需要随时更换吊具实现不同箱型的装卸作业,简化了系统,重量轻,维护方便,可有效减低主梁负载和整机走行功率,同时降低吊具的成本。The spreader in the present invention adopts the electric push rod to drive the rotary lock mechanism, which has few structural elements, compact structure, convenient installation and debugging, safe and reliable performance, and easy to ensure the transmission accuracy of the mechanism. Through the rotary mechanism, the container can be rotated freely by 360 degrees, which is effective. The work efficiency is improved, and the "door-to-door" loading and unloading requirements of railway containers are realized. And in the case of small and medium-sized freight yards, the spreader can be replaced at any time according to the needs to realize the loading and unloading operations of different boxes, which simplifies the system, is light in weight, easy to maintain, and can effectively reduce the load of the main girder and the running power of the whole machine. Reduce the cost of the spreader.
本实施例中,走行台车车轮为整机承重走行件,常年累月频繁工作容易造成轮缘磨损及轴承损坏等,因此本发明着重研究其可以快速更换走行台车车轮的结构。如图29-30所示,所述走行台车包括平衡梁55,所述平衡梁55的上端通过铰座54与门架总成的下横梁相连,下端与台车架56相连,在台车架56上安有带有制动器和编码器的减速电机53、走行轮组57,在平衡梁55的前端部上设有与千斤顶59相配接的千斤顶座,在台车架56的两侧均设有与千斤顶58相配接的千斤顶座61。三个千斤顶座对应配置三个千斤顶,构成三角形结构,当需要更换走行轮组时,千斤顶就位后开始顶升使走行轮离开轨面,采用工具使轴承与台车架分离,然后进行走行轮组的更换。In this embodiment, the wheels of the traveling trolley are load-bearing traveling parts of the whole machine, and frequent work over the years may easily cause wheel rim wear and bearing damage. Therefore, the present invention focuses on the structure that can quickly replace the wheels of the traveling trolley. As shown in Figures 29-30, the traveling trolley includes a balance beam 55, the upper end of the balance beam 55 is connected to the lower crossbeam of the door frame assembly through a hinge seat 54, and the lower end is connected to the trolley frame 56. The frame 56 is equipped with a geared motor 53 with a brake and an encoder, and a traveling wheel set 57. A jack seat matched with a jack 59 is provided on the front end of the balance beam 55. Both sides of the trolley frame 56 are provided with There is a jack seat 61 matched with the jack 58. The three jack seats are equipped with three jacks correspondingly, forming a triangular structure. When the traveling wheel set needs to be replaced, the jack is in place and starts to lift to make the traveling wheel leave the rail surface. Use tools to separate the bearing from the trolley frame, and then carry out the traveling wheel assembly. Group replacement.
本发明中的门架总成的金属材料均采用高强度耐候钢,通过结构的优化,和同类型同功能的传统起重机对比,重量仅为其1/2,有效降低了起重机的自重,实现了整机的轻量化。The metal materials of the gantry assembly in the present invention are all made of high-strength weather-resistant steel. Through the optimization of the structure, compared with the traditional crane of the same type and function, the weight is only 1/2, which effectively reduces the weight of the crane and realizes The lightweight of the whole machine.
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