CN105932232A - Lithium manganate composite material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Lithium manganate composite material and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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CN105932232A
CN105932232A CN201610283424.2A CN201610283424A CN105932232A CN 105932232 A CN105932232 A CN 105932232A CN 201610283424 A CN201610283424 A CN 201610283424A CN 105932232 A CN105932232 A CN 105932232A
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lithium
preparation
magnesium
composite
limn2o4 composite
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CN105932232B (en
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刘立君
宋翠环
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Shenzhen Liwei Li-Energy Technology Co Ltd
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Shenzhen Liwei Li-Energy Technology Co Ltd
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/362Composites
    • H01M4/364Composites as mixtures
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052Li-accumulators
    • H01M10/0525Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/48Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
    • H01M4/50Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese
    • H01M4/505Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/62Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
    • H01M4/628Inhibitors, e.g. gassing inhibitors, corrosion inhibitors
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10Energy storage using batteries

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Composite Materials (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a lithium manganate composite material and a preparation method thereof. The preparation method has the following advantages: 1) a natural lithium-bearing brine resource is comprehensively utilized as a lithium source, the usage amount of a refined lithium salt is reduced, and the material synthesis cost is substantially reduced; 2) the lithium source and a manganate source are uniformly distributed on an atomic level by an ion exchange method, a lattice matrix is easy to rearrange through short-range diffusion, the energy consumption is low during the synthesis process, a relatively low synthesis temperature and relatively short synthesis time are obtained, the grain distribution is uniform, and the polarization is reduced; 3) the constituent contents of lithium and magnesium are reasonably controlled by adjusting a pH value, lithium magnesium-doped type lithium manganate is prepared, the average valence state of manganate during the charge-discharge process is improved, a Jahn-Teller effect is effectively inhibited, and the cycle stability is improved; and 4) from the aspect of economic and environmental protection, the preparation method has more advantages than other schemes, and particularly, the preparation method has practical significance to extract lithium from a liquid-state lithium-bearing brine resource with a high magnesium-lithium ratio to synthesize a composite battery material.

Description

A kind of LiMn2O4 composite and preparation method thereof
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of lithium ion battery, particularly relate to a kind of LiMn2O4 composite and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
LiMn2O4 is one of more promising lithium ion anode material, compare the positive electrodes such as cobalt acid lithium, LiMn2O4 has the advantage such as aboundresources, low cost, pollution-free, safety good, good rate capability, it is preferable power battery anode material, but its poor cycle performance and electrochemical stability greatly limit it and extensively apply.Surface modify and doping can its chemical property effectively modified, surface modification can suppress dissolving and the electrolyte decomposition of manganese effectively;Doping can effectively suppress the Jahn-Teller effect in charge and discharge process.Being modified on surface and combine the chemical property that can improve material undoubtedly further with doping, the shortcoming of LiMn2O4 cycle performance difference there has been the biggest change.
At present, the Industrialized synthesis method of lithium manganate having spinel structure, still based on high temperature solid-state method, mainly with EMD and lithium carbonate as raw material, coordinates corresponding additive, through batch mixing, burns till, the step such as later stage process and produce.Solid state reaction is by diffusion process control, and the too high not only energy consumption of synthesis temperature is high, and the volatilization easily causing lithium is run off, and for making up the rich lithium component design of many employings in this loss solid phase synthesis, such as excess 5%wt, causes the raising of cost of material;Additionally temperature is too high causes reuniting seriously, and particle size distribution is uneven, granularity is big, internal resistance is big, polarization is big.And in the synthesis technique of routine lithium source use be LITHIUM BATTERY lithium salts, expensive.
Therefore, prior art has yet to be improved and developed.
Summary of the invention
In view of above-mentioned the deficiencies in the prior art, it is an object of the invention to provide a kind of LiMn2O4 composite and preparation method thereof, aiming to solve the problem that and there is production cost height, reunion in existing synthesis technique seriously, particle size distribution is uneven, granularity is big, internal resistance is big, polarize big problem.
Technical scheme is as follows:
A kind of preparation method of LiMn2O4 composite, wherein, including step:
A, first by λ-MnO2Immerse after pickle processes, filter, be then added in high Mg/Li ratio natural bittern lithium, make λ-MnO2By the lithium in ion-exchange absorption attached high Mg/Li ratio natural bittern lithium, the magnesium ion in Sync enrichment high Mg/Li ratio natural bittern lithium, then filter, wash, dry;
B, then adding lithium salts, allotment lithium is with magnesium mole: manganese mol ratio is 1:2, obtains Li finally by solid-phase sintering1-xMgx Mn2O4LiMn2O4 composite, wherein, x≤0.05.
The preparation method of described LiMn2O4 composite, wherein, in step A, described high Mg/Li ratio natural bittern lithium is to regulate the high Mg/Li ratio natural bittern lithium after pH value by microcosmic salt acid buffer.
The preparation method of described LiMn2O4 composite, wherein, in step A, described diluted acid is the one in dilute hydrochloric acid, dust technology, dilute sulfuric acid, diluted hydrofluoric acid.
The preparation method of described LiMn2O4 composite, wherein, in step B, described lithium salts is one or more in lithium carbonate, Lithium hydrate, lithium nitrate.
The preparation method of described LiMn2O4 composite, wherein, in step B, the sintering temperature of sintering is 680 DEG C, and sintering time is 12h.
The preparation method of described LiMn2O4 composite, wherein, in step B, x=0.02.
A kind of LiMn2O4 composite, wherein, uses the preparation method of arbitrary described LiMn2O4 composite to be prepared from.
Beneficial effect: at a low price, preparation process energy consumption is low for raw material sources of the present invention, and epigranular, polarization resistance is little, has more preferable high rate performance and cycle performance.
Detailed description of the invention
The present invention provides a kind of LiMn2O4 composite and preparation method thereof, and for making the purpose of the present invention, technical scheme and effect clearer, clear and definite, the present invention is described in more detail below.Should be appreciated that specific embodiment described herein, only in order to explain the present invention, is not intended to limit the present invention.
The present invention provides the preparation method of a kind of LiMn2O4 composite, wherein, including step:
A, first by λ-MnO2Immerse after pickle processes, filter, be then added in high Mg/Li ratio natural bittern lithium, make λ-MnO2By the lithium in ion-exchange absorption attached high Mg/Li ratio natural bittern lithium, the magnesium ion in Sync enrichment high Mg/Li ratio natural bittern lithium, then filter, wash, dry, obtain powder body;
B, then adding lithium salts in powder body, allotment lithium is with magnesium mole: manganese mol ratio is 1:2, obtains Li finally by solid-phase sintering1-xMgx Mn2O4LiMn2O4 composite, wherein, x≤0.05.
The present invention utilizes natural high Mg/Li ratio natural bittern lithium resource as lithium source, reduces the usage amount of refined lithium salt, and materials synthesis cost reduces.At a low price, preparation process energy consumption is low for raw material sources of the present invention, and epigranular, in-stiu coating after-polarization internal resistance is little, has more preferable high rate performance and cycle performance.
Preferably, in step A, described high Mg/Li ratio natural bittern lithium is to regulate the high Mg/Li ratio natural bittern lithium after pH value by microcosmic salt acid buffer.The present invention regulates pH value by microcosmic salt acid buffer, can prepare lithium position mix the LiMn2O4 composite of magnesium with the constituent content of conservative control magnesium, improves the average valence of manganese in charge and discharge process, and effectively suppression Jahn-Teller effect, improves cyclical stability.It is highly preferred that described high Mg/Li ratio natural bittern lithium is to regulate the high Mg/Li ratio natural bittern lithium after pH value, to improve cyclical stability further by disodium hydrogen phosphate-sodium dihydrogen phosphate.
Preferably, in step A, described diluted acid can be but be not limited to the one in dilute hydrochloric acid, dust technology, dilute sulfuric acid, diluted hydrofluoric acid.
Preferably, Li1-xMgxFePO4In, x=0.02, to improve the performance of LiMn2O4 composite further.Preferably, the sintering temperature of sintering is 680 DEG C, and sintering time is 12h, sinters under this condition, and the LiMn2O4 composite prepared has higher cycle performance.
Preferably, lithium salts of the present invention can be but be not limited to one or more in lithium carbonate, Lithium hydrate, lithium nitrate.
The preparation method of LiMn2O4 composite is also described in detail by the present invention, specifically includes step as follows:
Step S1: by a certain amount of λ-MnO2Powder body is placed in the dilute acid soln of 0.01-0.1M process 6-8h, filters, standby;
Step S2: it is 6.0-8.0 that high Mg/Li ratio natural bittern lithium is adjusted to pH through 0.02-0.1M disodium hydrogen phosphate-phosphate sodium dihydrogen buffer solution, the λ-MnO after processing in S12Powder body is placed in lidded container, injects the high Mg/Li ratio natural bittern lithium of deployed pH value, gets togather lid, shakes 4-12h;
Step S3: filter, wash, 100-150 DEG C process 2-6h and dry, test lithium, content of magnesium;
Step S4: according to the lithium in S3, content of magnesium, weigh lithium salts, makes the mole of lithium and magnesium: manganese mol ratio is 1:2, it is thus achieved that compound;
Step S5: by the compound ball milling 2-4h of S4, mix homogeneously;
Step S6: by the compound after mix homogeneously in S5 in Muffle furnace, 550-700 DEG C of sintering processes 10-24h, obtain Li1-xMgxMn2O4(x≤0.05).
The above-mentioned preparation method of the present invention has the advantage that
1) comprehensive utilization high Mg/Li ratio natural bittern lithium resource is as lithium source, reduces the usage amount of refined lithium salt, and materials synthesis cost is greatly reduced.
2) ion exchange makes lithium source, manganese source be uniformly distributed in atomic level, is easily realized the rearrangement of lattice matrix by short-range diffusion, and building-up process energy consumption is low, shows as relatively low synthesis temperature, shorter generated time;Even particle size distribution, reduces polarization.
3) by allotment pH value conservative control lithium, the constituent content of magnesium, preparing lithium position and mix magnesium types LiMn2O4, improve the average valence of manganese in charge and discharge process, effectively suppression Jahn-Teller effect, improves cyclical stability.
4) consider there is bigger superiority than other schemes from economy and environmental conservation, from high Mg/Li ratio liquid salt lithium resource, particularly carry lithium synthesis composite battery material there is practical significance.
The present invention also provides for a kind of LiMn2O4 composite, wherein, uses the preparation method of arbitrary described LiMn2O4 composite to be prepared from.LiMn2O4 composite epigranular of the present invention, polarization resistance is little, has more preferable high rate performance and cycle performance.
Below by specific embodiment, the present invention is described in detail.
Embodiment 1
Taking 1L and contain the high Mg/Li ratio natural bittern lithium that lithium amount is 1100mg/L, wherein magnesium lithium mass ratio is 45.32, and being adjusted to pH through 0.02M disodium hydrogen phosphate-phosphate sodium dihydrogen buffer solution is 6.0.Weigh 174g λ-MnO2Powder body is placed in the dilute hydrochloric acid solution of 0.01M process 6h, filters and is placed in lidded container, inject the high Mg/Li ratio natural bittern lithium of deployed pH value, gets togather lid, shakes 10h, filter, wash, 100 DEG C dry 6h after, record λ-MnO2The exchange rate of lithium ion be 34.7mg/g, the exchange rate of magnesium ion is 1.38mg/g.According to the lithium recorded, magnesium amount, supplementing 4.72g lithium carbonate so that lithium and the mole of magnesium: manganese mol ratio is 1:2, after ball milling 3h mixing, in Muffle furnace, 550 DEG C of sintering 24h, obtain doping type lithium manganate composite L i0.99Mg0.01Mn2O4.LiMn2O4 composite D50 is 4.2 m, and particle size distribution span is 1.7.
Being coated on aluminium foil after above-mentioned LiMn2O4 composite, conductive carbon, binding agent being mixed according to the mass ratio of 94:3:3 and prepare pole piece, with lithium for electrode assembling half-cell, electrolyte is the LiFPF of 1mol/L6/DC+EC+DMC.Electric performance test result is: 0.1C capacity 119mAh/g first, capacity 97.5mAh/g after circulating 100 times, and capability retention is 81.9%;1C capacity 102 mAh/g;2C capacity 95.6mAh/g.
Embodiment 2
Taking 1L and contain the high Mg/Li ratio natural bittern lithium that lithium amount is 500mg/L, wherein magnesium lithium mass ratio is 36, and being adjusted to pH through 0.05M disodium hydrogen phosphate-phosphate sodium dihydrogen buffer solution is 8.0.Weigh 174g λ-MnO2Powder body is placed in the dilution heat of sulfuric acid of 0.05 process 6h, filters and is placed in lidded container, inject the high Mg/Li ratio natural bittern lithium of deployed pH value, gets togather lid, shakes 12h, filter, wash, 120 DEG C dry 4h after, record λ-MnO2It is 30.9mg/g to lithium ion exchanged rate, is 2.07mg/g to magnesium ion exchange rate.According to containing lithium, magnesium amount, supplementing 5.21g Lithium hydrate so that lithium and the mole of magnesium: manganese mol ratio is 1:2, after ball milling 2h mixing, in Muffle furnace, 700 DEG C of sintering 10h, obtain doping type lithium manganate composite L i0.985Mg0.015Mn2O4.LiMn2O4 composite D50 is 4.8 m, and particle size distribution span is 2.4.
Being coated on aluminium foil after above-mentioned LiMn2O4 composite, conductive carbon, binding agent being mixed according to the mass ratio of 94:3:3 and prepare pole piece, with lithium for electrode assembling half-cell, electrolyte is the LiFPF of 1mol/L6/DC+EC+DMC.Electric performance test result is: 0.1C capacity 116.4mAh/g first, capacity 98.4mAh/g after circulating 100 times, and capability retention is 84.5%;1C capacity 103.4 mAh/g.
Embodiment 3
Taking 1L and contain the high Mg/Li ratio natural bittern lithium that lithium amount is 1500mg/L, wherein magnesium lithium mass ratio is 51.3, and being adjusted to pH through 0.05M disodium hydrogen phosphate-phosphate sodium dihydrogen buffer solution is 7.5.Weigh 174g λ-MnO2Powder body is placed in the dilute nitric acid solution of 0.05 process 8h, filters and is placed in lidded container, inject the high Mg/Li ratio natural bittern lithium of deployed pH value, gets togather lid, shakes 4h, filter, wash, 150 DEG C dry 2h after, λ-MnO2It is 29.8mg/g to lithium ion exchanged rate, is 2.76mg/g to magnesium ion exchange rate.According to containing lithium, magnesium amount, supplementing 16.52g lithium nitrate so that lithium and the mole of magnesium: manganese mol ratio is 1:2, after ball milling 4h mixing, in Muffle furnace, 680 DEG C of sintering 12h, obtain doping type lithium manganate composite L i0.98Mg0.02Mn2O4.LiMn2O4 composite D50 is 3.7 m, and particle size distribution span is 2.1.
Being coated on aluminium foil after above-mentioned LiMn2O4 composite, conductive carbon, binding agent being mixed according to the mass ratio of 94:3:3 and prepare pole piece, with lithium for electrode assembling half-cell, electrolyte is the LiFPF of 1mol/L6/DC+EC+DMC.Electric performance test result is: 0.1C capacity 109.8mAh/g first, capacity 102.8mAh/g after circulating 100 times, and capability retention is 93.6%;1C capacity 103.1mAh/g.
Embodiment 4
Taking 1L and contain the high Mg/Li ratio natural bittern lithium that lithium amount is 1500mg/L, wherein magnesium lithium mass ratio is 51.3, and being adjusted to pH through 0. 1M disodium hydrogen phosphate-phosphate sodium dihydrogen buffer solution is 8.0.Weigh 174g λ-MnO2 powder body and be placed in the dilute hydrofluoric acid solution of 0.1M process 6h, filter and be placed in lidded container, inject the high Mg/Li ratio natural bittern lithium of deployed pH value, get togather lid, shake 4h, filter, wash, 150 DEG C dry 2h after, λ-MnO2It is 33.8mg/g to lithium ion exchanged rate, is 6.90mg/g to magnesium ion exchange rate.According to containing lithium, magnesium amount, supplementing 7.58g lithium nitrate so that lithium and the mole of magnesium: manganese mol ratio is 1:2, after ball milling 3h mixing, in Muffle furnace, 600 DEG C of sintering 15h, obtain doping type lithium manganate composite L i0.95Mg0.05Mn2O4.LiMn2O4 composite D50 is 3.2 m, and particle size distribution span is 1.8.
Being coated on aluminium foil after above-mentioned LiMn2O4 composite, conductive carbon, binding agent being mixed according to the mass ratio of 94:3:3 and prepare pole piece, with lithium for electrode assembling half-cell, electrolyte is the LiFPF of 1mol/L6/DC+EC+DMC.Electric performance test result is: 0.1C capacity 97.5mAh/g first, capacity 92.4mAh/g after circulating 100 times, and capability retention is 94.8%;1C capacity 93mAh/g.
Comparative example 1
According to lithium: magnesium: manganese mol ratio is that 0.98:0.02:2 weighs 174g λ-MnO respectively2Powder, 36.26g lithium carbonate, 2.96g magnesium nitrate, ball milling mixes, and in Muffle furnace, 800 DEG C of sintering 20h, obtain the doping type lithium manganate composite L i of solid phase synthesis0.98Mg0.02Mn2O4.LiMn2O4 composite D50 is 10.3 m, and particle size distribution span is 4.7.
Being coated on aluminium foil after above-mentioned LiMn2O4 composite, conductive carbon, binding agent being mixed according to the mass ratio of 94:3:3 and prepare pole piece, with lithium for electrode assembling half-cell, electrolyte is the LiFPF of 1mol/L6/DC+EC+DMC.Electric performance test result is: 0.1C capacity 101.7mAh/g first, capacity 82.7mAh/g after circulating 100 times, and capability retention is 81.3%;1C capacity 93.2 mAh/g.
In sum, a kind of LiMn2O4 composite and preparation method thereof that the present invention provides, preparation method of the present invention has the advantage that 1) comprehensively utilize natural salt lithium resource as lithium source, reduce the usage amount of refined lithium salt, materials synthesis cost is greatly reduced;2) ion exchange makes lithium source, manganese source be uniformly distributed in atomic level, is easily realized the rearrangement of lattice matrix by short-range diffusion, and building-up process energy consumption is low, shows as relatively low synthesis temperature, shorter generated time;Even particle size distribution, reduces polarization.3) by allotment pH value conservative control lithium, the constituent content of magnesium, preparing lithium position and mix magnesium types LiMn2O4, improve the average valence of manganese in charge and discharge process, effectively suppression Jahn-Teller effect, improves cyclical stability.4) consider there is bigger superiority than other schemes from economy and environmental conservation, from high Mg/Li ratio liquid salt lithium resource, particularly carry lithium synthesis composite battery material there is practical significance.
It should be appreciated that the application of the present invention is not limited to above-mentioned citing, for those of ordinary skills, can be improved according to the above description or convert, all these modifications and variations all should belong to the protection domain of claims of the present invention.

Claims (7)

1. the preparation method of a LiMn2O4 composite, it is characterised in that include step:
A, first by λ-MnO2Immerse after pickle processes, filter, be then added in high Mg/Li ratio natural bittern lithium, make λ-MnO2By the lithium in ion-exchange absorption attached high Mg/Li ratio natural bittern lithium, the magnesium ion in Sync enrichment high Mg/Li ratio natural bittern lithium, then filter, wash, dry;
B, then adding lithium salts, allotment lithium is with magnesium mole: manganese mol ratio is 1:2, obtains Li finally by solid-phase sintering1-xMgx Mn2O4LiMn2O4 composite, wherein, x≤0.05.
The preparation method of LiMn2O4 composite the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that in step A, described high Mg/Li ratio natural bittern lithium is to regulate the high Mg/Li ratio natural bittern lithium after pH value by microcosmic salt acid buffer.
The preparation method of LiMn2O4 composite the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that in step A, described diluted acid is the one in dilute hydrochloric acid, dust technology, dilute sulfuric acid, diluted hydrofluoric acid.
The preparation method of LiMn2O4 composite the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that in step B, described lithium salts is one or more in lithium carbonate, Lithium hydrate, lithium nitrate.
The preparation method of LiMn2O4 composite the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that in step B, the sintering temperature of sintering is 680 DEG C, and sintering time is 12h.
The preparation method of LiMn2O4 composite the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that in step B, x=0.02.
7. a LiMn2O4 composite, it is characterised in that use the preparation method of the LiMn2O4 composite as described in claim 1 ~ 6 is arbitrary to be prepared from.
CN201610283424.2A 2016-04-28 2016-04-28 A kind of LiMn2O4 composite material and preparation method Active CN105932232B (en)

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CN111082057A (en) * 2019-12-03 2020-04-28 松山湖材料实验室 Lithium ion battery slurry pH regulator and slurry thereof, preparation method and application
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