CN106784677A - A kind of preparation of lithium-enriched cathodic material of lithium ion battery and improved method - Google Patents
A kind of preparation of lithium-enriched cathodic material of lithium ion battery and improved method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Preparation and improved method the present invention relates to a kind of lithium-enriched cathodic material of lithium ion battery, belong to anode material for lithium-ion batteries technical field.It includes positive electrode and three class covering materials, and covering material is ZrO2、MoO3Or C.Gel is obtained using the heating of sol-gal process stirring in water bath, xerogel is obtained after drying, respectively through low temperature presintering knot and high-temperature calcination, obtain positive electrode after cooling grinding, the positive electrode and ZrO that then will be prepared2And MnO3Covering material is disperseed in deionized water, constant temperature stirring, is then stood, filters, washs, is dried, and it is material modified to obtain lithium ion battery lithium-rich anode through calcining.And C uses liquid phase coating method, positive electrode is dispersed in the aqueous solution of carbon black, constant temperature stirring stands, filters, washs, dries, material modified needed for being obtained after calcining.Preparation method is simple of the present invention, easy to operate, the material modified particle size distribution of the lithium-rich anode for preparing is uniform, and crystallinity is high, and material high rate performance and cyclicity are improved significantly after cladding.
Description
Technical field
Preparation and improved method the present invention relates to a kind of lithium-enriched cathodic material of lithium ion battery, are belonging to lithium ion battery just
Pole field of material technology.
Background technology
Lithium ion battery as green secondary cell, because of the feature such as its specific capacity is high, power density big, has extended cycle life
It is widely used in all kinds of digital electronic goods and communication apparatus.It is and fast for the development process of present lithium ion battery
The lithium ion battery negative material of speed development is compared with electrolyte, and the development of positive pole material is relatively slow；And with regard to its large-scale promotion
Speech, positive electrode all occupies leading factor in terms of its Cost And Performance.Therefore, cheap, security performance is developed excellent
Positive electrode be promote lithium ion battery commercialization promote key.Positive electrode main at present includes：LiCoO2、
LiNiO2、LiMn2O4、LiCoO2/LiNiO2/LiMn2O4Ternary eutectic system and height ratio capacity rich lithium solid solution system.
LiCoO2Stable electrochemical property, but actual capacity is not as good as theoretical half, and Co elements are expensive, poisonous, cause cost
It is not in any more；LiNiO2Specific capacity is high, but synthesis condition is extremely harsh；LiMn2O4Middle promoter manganese enriches, cheap, but circulation
During there is phase transformation, cyclical stability is poor；Ternary eutectic system has had LiCoO concurrently2、LiNiO2、LiMn2O4Three class materials
, there is obvious three elements cooperative effect, electrochemical performance in feature, but the specific capacity of the system is still relatively low, difficult
To meet electric automobile to high power capacity, the growth requirement of high-energy-density.In recent years, rich lithium solid solution cathode material is because of its specific volume
Measure high, low-cost clear superiority and turn into study hotspot.
The formula of lithium-rich anode material is xLi2MnO3·(1-x)LiMnO2, such material is with different from traditional positive pole material
The charging mechanism of material.When charging voltage is higher than 4.5V, the charging curve of rich lithium material can be more long in 4.5V or so appearance one
De- lithium deoxidation platform, correspond to Li2MnO3The activation of structure, structure is recombinated, and forms more orderly layer structure, so that
So that still having specific discharge capacity relatively higher in follow-up discharge process.But there is capacity usage ratio first in such material
Low, irreversible capacity loss is big, the problem of high rate performance difference under high current density.
For the deficiency that current lithium-rich anode material is remained, material electrochemical can be improved by surface coating modification
Can, the main purpose of cladding is, in one layer of compound of stable chemical nature of positive electrode surface attachment, effectively to suppress positive pole
Side reaction between active material and electrolyte, while maintaining material surface structural integrity and stablizing also to a certain extent
Inhibit the decomposition of electrolyte.At the same time, cladding also advantageously improves material electric conductivity and ionic conductance so that after cladding
Material electrochemical performance is more excellent.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the present invention to overcome the above deficiencies, there is provided a kind of preparation of lithium-enriched cathodic material of lithium ion battery
And improved method.And, lithium-rich anode material is without price is high and virose cobalt element Co.
According to the technical scheme that the present invention is provided, a kind of lithium ion battery lithium-rich anode is material modified, including positive electrode
And covering material, cladding material is coated on the outer layer of positive electrode；
Described positive electrode is Li [Li0.2Ni0.2Mn0.61]O2；The covering material is ZrO2, MoO3 or C, the bag
Cover material ZrO2It is 1-6wt% with positive electrode mass ratio, the covering material MoO3 or C is 1- with positive electrode mass ratio
6wt%.
The material modified preparation method of the lithium ion battery lithium-rich anode, step is as follows：
(1) mix：According to lithium: nickel: the mol ratio of manganese is 1.2~1.35: 0.20~0.255: 0.60~0.65 feeding, plus
Enter citric acid, between the integral molar quantity of the nickel salt, nickel salt and manganese salt and the mol ratio of citric acid are 1: 1~1.15: 1.55；Mixing
After uniform, the pH of mixed solution is adjusted to 7~8 with ammoniacal liquor；
(2) heat：Step (1) resulting solution is heated in 70~90 DEG C of stirring in water bath, gelinite is obtained；
(3) dry：By step (2) gained gelinite in being dried 18~30 hours at 100~150 DEG C, xerogel body is obtained；
(4) preparation of presoma：Step (3) is prepared into gained xerogel body in 400~600 DEG C of pre-sinterings 5~10 hours,
Grinding obtains presoma after naturally cooling to room temperature；
(5) preparation of positive electrode：Step (4) gained precursor powder is transferred to crucible, is roasted at being placed in 800~1000 DEG C
Burn 10~18 hours, be fully ground after cooling and obtain positive electrode；
(6) it is modified：The covering material ZrO of 1~6wt% is added in positive electrode obtained by being prepared in step (5)2Or
, then be scattered in mixture in 6~10 times of solvents of quality by MoO3, is stirred vigorously at 40~60 DEG C, make positive electrode and
Covering material is uniformly dispersed, until solvent volatilizees substantially, in being dried 18~25 hours at 70~100 DEG C, finally 400~600
To obtain final product lithium ion battery lithium-rich anode within 5~10 hours material modified for sintering at DEG C；
Or it is scattered in 6~10 times of quality, matter in the covering material C that step (5) prepares gained positive electrode and 1-6wt%
During amount concentration is 1%~6% aqueous solution of C, it is stirred vigorously at 40~60 DEG C, disperses positive electrode and covering material C
Uniformly, until solvent volatilizees substantially, in being dried at 70~100 DEG C 18~25 hours, finally protected in nitrogen at 400~60 DEG C
It is material modified that 5~10h of lower sintering obtains final product lithium ion battery lithium-rich anode.
Lithium source in the lithium salts is LiNO3、CH3One or more in COOLi, LiOH；Nickel source in nickel salt is Ni
(NO3)2、Ni(CH3COO)2、NiSO4In one or more.
Step (6) described solvent is distilled water or ethanol.
Beneficial effects of the present invention：Preparation method process is simple of the present invention, it is easy to operate, gained lithium-rich anode material purity
It is high, particle diameter is small and is evenly distributed, particle dispersion is good.The presence of covering material inhibits corruption of the electrolyte to surface of active material
Erosion and the generation of interface side reaction, so as to maintain the stability of material interface, reduce the impedance in cyclic process, Li+'s
Diffusion rate is improved, while remaining more lithium rooms and Lacking oxygen, ensures that the smooth deintercalation of lithium ion, bag
Cover to be modified and improve material high rate performance and cycle performance, reduce process costs, be conducive to advancing the process of commercialization.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the x-ray diffraction pattern of positive electrode prepared by embodiment 1~4.
Fig. 2 is the scanning electron microscope (SEM) photograph of positive electrode prepared by embodiment 1~4.
Fig. 3 is positive electrode prepared by embodiment 1~4, first charge-discharge curve map during normal temperature under 0.2C electric currents, electric discharge
Voltage range is 2-4.8V.
Fig. 4 is positive electrode prepared by embodiment 1~4, cyclic curve figure during normal temperature under 0.2C electric currents, charging/discharging voltage
Scope is 2-4.8V.
Fig. 5 is positive electrode prepared by embodiment 1~4, the cyclic curve figure in normal temperature under different multiplying, discharge and recharge
Voltage range is 2-4.8V.
Specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific drawings and Examples, the present invention is further illustrated.
A kind of lithium-enriched cathodic material of lithium ion battery of embodiment 1 is Li [Li0.2Ni0.2Mn0.6]O2, comprise the following steps：
(1) mix：Analytically pure CH is weighed according to stoichiometric proportion (1.26: 0.20: 0.60)3COOLi·2H2O、Ni
(CH3COO)2·4H2O、Mn(CH3COO)·4H2O, is dissolved in deionized water respectively, and citric acid solution is gradually added dropwise, and citric acid is molten
The addition of liquid is equal to the mole sum of transition metal ions, is adjusted to 7 or so the pH value of mixed solution with concentrated ammonia liquor；
(2) heat：The mixed solution system that step (1) is obtained in 80 DEG C of water-bath heating stirring to evaporate moisture,
Gradually obtain gelinite；
(3) dry：The gelinite that step (2) is obtained is dried into 24h in 120 DEG C of air dry ovens, xerogel is obtained；
(4) preparation of presoma：Dry gelinite is carried out into pre-burning, calcined temperature is 500 DEG C, burn-in time is 6 small
When, obtain presoma；Ground after being cooled to room temperature；
(5) preparation of positive electrode：In high-temperature calcination, calcination time is carried out at 900 DEG C it is 12 by the presoma after grinding
Hour, fully cold rear grinding obtains positive electrode Li [Li0.2Ni0.2Mn0.6]O2。
A kind of Surface coating 3wt%ZrO of embodiment 22Lithium ion battery lithium-rich anode material Li [Li0.2Ni02Mn0.6]O2,
Comprise the following steps：
Li [the Li that embodiment 1 is prepared0.2Ni0.2Mn0.61]O2Positive electrode and mass fraction ratio are 3wt%ZrO2Point
It is dissipated in 10 times of ethanol solutions of quality, heating stirring at 40 DEG C, until solvent volatilizees completely substantially, is dried under the conditions of 80 DEG C
24 hours, last 450 DEG C of calcinings 6h was to obtain final product Surface coating 3wt%ZrO2Li [Li0.2Ni0.2Mn0.6]O2。
A kind of lithium ion battery lithium-rich anode material Li [Li of the Surface coating 3wt%MoO3 of embodiment 30.2Ni0.2Mn0.6]O2,
Comprise the following steps：
Li [the Li that will be prepared0.2Ni0.2Mn0.6]O2Positive electrode and mass fraction are dispersed to than respectively 3wt%MoO3
In 6 times of ethanol solutions of quality, heating stirring at 40 DEG C, until solvent volatilizees completely substantially, dries 24 small under the conditions of 80 DEG C
When, last 450 DEG C of calcinings 6h is to obtain final product Surface coating 3wt%MoO3Li[Li0.2Ni0.15Mn0.55Co0.1]O2。
A kind of lithium-enriched cathodic material of lithium ion battery Li [Li of the Surface coating 2wt%C of embodiment 40.2Ni0.2Mn0.6]O2,
Comprise the following steps：
Positive electrode and the mass fraction ratio that will be prepared for 2wt%C is dispersed in ethanol solution, stir at 40 DEG C by heating
Mix, until solvent volatilizees completely substantially, dried under the conditions of 80 DEG C 24 hours, finally 450 DEG C of calcining 6h are to obtain in nitrogen
Final product surface is respectively coated by the Li [Li of 2wt%C0.2Ni0.2Mn0.6]O2。
Application Example 1
XRD diffraction tests are carried out respectively to embodiment 1-4 resulting materials, it is specific as shown in Figure 1；Electron-microscope scanning is carried out, is had
Body is as shown in Figure 2.
From the XRD diffracting spectrums of embodiment in Fig. 1 1~4, each material has obvious α-NaFeO after cladding2Six sides
Crystallographic system layer structure, the impurity peaks for belonging to clad element are not occurred.
By the SEM figures of embodiment in Fig. 2 1~4 as can be seen that uncoated material particle size is smaller and be evenly distributed, particle table
It is face flat smooth, clear-cut, and occur being individually present or reuniting at one piece by the particle surface of material after coating modification
Nanometer little particle, causes material granule to increase, and the profile between particle becomes unintelligible, and this shows ZrO2、MoO3With C bags
Cover material and be successfully coated on material granule surface.
The positive electrode that will synthesize in embodiment 1~4 is according to m (positive electrode): m (acetylene black): m (PVDF)=80: 12:
8 quality is made into underflow material (NMP is solvent) than mixed grinding, using Doctor Blade technologies, is spread evenly across collector
On aluminium foil, dried at 80 DEG C, 3MPa is rolled, is madeAnode pole piece, through 80 DEG C vacuum drying 12 hours after make
With.
With lithium piece as cathode pole piece, the LiPF6 solution (EC+DEC volume ratios are 1: 1) of 1mol/L is electrolyte,
Celgard2325 holes film makees barrier film, and use for laboratory button (CR2032) test electricity is assembled into the glove box full of argon gas
Pond.Charge-discharge test, discharge and recharge are carried out using the Land test experimental cells of discharge and recharge instrument (Wuhan Jin Nuo companies) to assembling
Interval is 2~4.8V.
Due to the volatilization that there is Li elements in the building-up process of positive electrode, the reduction of Li contents is caused, so as to cause material
Material crystal structure existing defects, therefore the actual mole dosage of lithium salts wants excessive 5%.
From first charge-discharge curve of the positive electrode of Fig. 3 embodiments 1~4 under 2~4.8V and 0.2C, before cladding
The initial charge curve of individual each material is respectively provided with two charging platforms of exemplary Home lithium-rich anode material afterwards.When charging voltage exists
Redox of the 4.5V the following is transition metal in correspondence material of main part；When charging voltage rises to more than 4.5V, occur one
4.5V platforms individual more long and shallower, the de- lithium of correspondence crystal depth and adjoint lattice deoxidation.4.5V platforms remain unchanged and deposit after cladding
Illustrating that cladding does not change the charge-discharge mechanism of material.By figure it can also be seen that the specific discharge capacity of material increases after cladding
Greatly, coulombic efficiency is improved first.
Fig. 4 is cycle performance figure of the positive electrode of embodiment 1~4 under 2-4.8V and 0.2C.Material exists in embodiment 1
By decaying to 187.9mAh/g, capability retention is 85.7% to capacity after lower 50 circulations of 0.2C current densities, and 3wt%-
ZrO2, 3wt%-MoO3Capacity is decayed to respectively after 50 cycle periods with 2wt%-C：218.5mAh/g, 212.3mAh/g and
222.6mAh/g, capability retention is respectively：94.8%th, 91.5% and 94.6%.Illustrate that cladding is to improve material circulation performance
Effective means.The presence of clad effectively inhibits the side reaction between electrode active material and electrolyte, maintains material
The complete and stability at interface, so as to improve the cycle performance of material.
Fig. 5 is high rate performance figure of the positive electrode of embodiment 1~4 under 2-4.8V difference current densities.Embodiment 1,
2nd, head week specific discharge capacity of 3,4 positive electrode under 0.2C is respectively：217.9mAh/g、231.1mAh/g、237.7mAh/
G, 233.9mAh/g, when multiplying power increases to 1C, the specific discharge capacity of each material is respectively：142.8mAh/g、165.3mAh/g、
172.1mAh/g、176.2mAh/g.It follows that with the continuous increase of multiplying power, the specific discharge capacity of each material is presented difference
The decay of degree, and compared to uncoated material, after cladding, capacity attenuation speed of the material under different multiplying is retarded, 1C
Under still keep specific discharge capacity higher.Illustrate that cladding can improve the high rate performance of material.
Compared with uncoated positive electrode, pass through ZrO in the present invention in embodiment 2~42、MoO3Or C covering materials pair
Positive electrode is coated so that the initial discharge specific capacity of positive electrode is improved, and cyclical stability is obtained and forthright again
Can be improved, the Li [Li of the cladding 2.0wt%C for especially being prepared in embodiment 40.2Ni0.2Mn0.6]O2Combination property
Effect is best.
Claims (4)
1. a kind of lithium ion battery lithium-rich anode is material modified, it is characterized in that：Positive pole is coated on including positive electrode and clad
The outer layer of material；
Described positive electrode is Li [Li0.2Ni0.2Mn0.6]O2；The covering material is ZrO2、MoO3Or C, the covering material
ZrO2It is 1-6wt% with positive electrode mass ratio, the covering material MoO3 or C is 1-6wt% with positive electrode mass ratio.
2. the material modified preparation method of lithium ion battery lithium-rich anode described in claim 1, it is characterized in that step is as follows：
(1) mix：According to lithium: nickel: the mol ratio of manganese is 1.2~1.35: 0.20~0.25: 0.60~0.65 feeding, adds lemon
Between lemon acid, the integral molar quantity of the nickel salt, nickel salt and manganese salt and the mol ratio of citric acid are 1: 1~1.15: 1.55；It is well mixed
Afterwards, the pH of mixed solution is adjusted to 7~8 with ammoniacal liquor；
(2) heat：Step (1) resulting solution is heated in 70~90 DEG C of stirring in water bath, gelinite is obtained；
(3) dry：By step (2) gained gelinite in being dried 18~30 hours at 100~150 DEG C, xerogel body is obtained；
(4) preparation of presoma：Step (3) is prepared into gained xerogel body in 400~600 DEG C of pre-sinterings 5~10 hours, it is natural
Grinding obtains presoma after being cooled to room temperature；
(5) preparation of positive electrode：Step (4) gained precursor powder is transferred to crucible, 10 are calcined at being placed in 800~1000 DEG C
~18 hours, it is fully ground after cooling and obtains positive electrode；
(6) it is modified：The covering material ZrO of 1~6wt% is added in positive electrode obtained by being prepared in step (5)2Or MoO3, then
Mixture is scattered in 6~10 times of solvents of quality, is stirred vigorously at 40~60 DEG C, make positive electrode and covering material point
Dissipate uniform, until solvent volatilizees substantially, in drying 18~25 hours at 70~100 DEG C, finally at 400~600 DEG C sintering 5~
Obtain final product lithium ion battery lithium-rich anode within 10 hours material modified；
Or 6~10 times of quality are scattered in the covering material C that step (5) prepares gained positive electrode and 1-6wt%, quality is dense
In the carbon black solution of degree 1%~6%, it is stirred vigorously at 40~60 DEG C, positive electrode and covering material C is uniformly dispersed, directly
Volatilized substantially to solvent, in being dried at 70~100 DEG C 18~25 hours, finally sinter 5 under the nitrogen protection at 400~60 DEG C
It is material modified that~10h obtains final product lithium ion battery lithium-rich anode.
3. the material modified preparation method of lithium ion battery lithium-rich anode as claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that：In the lithium salts
Lithium source be LiNO3、CH3One or more in COOLi, LiOH；Nickel source in nickel salt is Ni (NO3)2、Ni(CH3COO)2、
NiSO4In one or more.
4. the material modified preparation method of lithium ion battery lithium-rich anode as claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that：Step (6) institute
Solvent is stated for distilled water or ethanol.
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Cited By (6)
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| CN107394133A (en) * | 2017-06-22 | 2017-11-24 | 芜湖浙鑫新能源有限公司 | Anode material for lithium-ion batteries of carbon coating and preparation method thereof |
| CN108091852A (en) * | 2017-12-12 | 2018-05-29 | 中国科学院过程工程研究所 | A kind of molybdenum trioxide coated lithium ion battery positive electrode and preparation method thereof |
| CN108987708A (en) * | 2018-07-19 | 2018-12-11 | 东北大学秦皇岛分校 | A kind of sodium-ion battery positive material, preparation method and sodium-ion battery |
| CN109509874A (en) * | 2018-11-16 | 2019-03-22 | 湖北锂诺新能源科技有限公司 | A kind of preparation method of molybdenum trioxide cladding lithium-rich manganese-based anode material |
| CN113511692A (en) * | 2021-07-13 | 2021-10-19 | 天津大学 | Preparation method and application of lithium-rich manganese-based positive electrode material synthesized by short-time rapid thermal shock method |
| CN114203993A (en) * | 2021-12-07 | 2022-03-18 | 北京理工大学 | Li2SeO4Fast ion conductor modified lithium ion battery anode material |
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