CN105930923A - Urban road greenbelt noise reduction guiding optimization control method based on 3D noise map - Google Patents
Urban road greenbelt noise reduction guiding optimization control method based on 3D noise map Download PDFInfo
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- CN105930923A CN105930923A CN201610237114.7A CN201610237114A CN105930923A CN 105930923 A CN105930923 A CN 105930923A CN 201610237114 A CN201610237114 A CN 201610237114A CN 105930923 A CN105930923 A CN 105930923A
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- G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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Abstract
The invention discloses an urban road greenbelt noise reduction guiding optimization control method based on a 3D noise map, and the method comprises five steps: road selection, current noise actual measurement, 3D noise map construction, noise evaluation, and noise reduction module matrix building. The 3D noise map construction is the data simulation for the whole measurement region difference calculation based on actual measurement noise data. The noise evaluation is the standardized judgment of the noise value of a road according to the traffic noise standard of the road. A noise reduction module matrix comprises a noise reduction road greenbelt land module, a noise reduction guide structure module, a noise reduction guide facility equipment module and a noise reduction guide plant configuration module, and three types of targeted suggestions are proposed according to the width condition of a noise reduction road greenbelt land. The method saves the treatment cost after a road is constructed and put into use, reduces the impact on the surroundings from the urban road noises, and can minimize the noise pollution caused by various types of urban roads.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to urban planning technical field, relate to a kind of urban road greenery land noise reduction based on 3D Noise map and lead
To optimal control method.
Background technology
In the Fast Urbanization stage, urban population density is increasing, and urban highway traffic load increases the most therewith, and traffic is made an uproar
Sound becomes the Main Noise Sources in city, affects civic normal life and the physical and mental health of people is brought infringement.Hand over simultaneously
Logical noise reduces civic working and learning efficiency, and the environmental protection dispute therefore caused happens occasionally, to urban highway traffic
Build and bring the biggest pressure.And noise problem is not paid close attention to by urban planning the most both at home and abroad, pass
The Road Green Space planning and designing of system mainly from view visual effect, lack the systematization road traffic guided based on noise reduction
Planning and designing and optimal control method are the strongest to the directive significance of real road traffic noise reduction planning and designing and optimal control.
On the one hand add the later stage noise abatement expense after road traffic builds up, on the other hand have impact on the road through later stage repairerment
The landscape environment of traffic both sides, road.
Summary of the invention
Goal of the invention: in order to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, the invention provides a kind of low cost, easy to use based on
The optimal control method that the urban road greenery land noise reduction of 3D Noise map guides.
Technical scheme: the invention provides the optimal control that a kind of urban road greenery land noise reduction based on 3D Noise map guides
Method, comprises the following steps:
Step 1: obtain the initial land form figure information measuring section, city, with Urban Streets as unit on initial land form figure
Divide measured zone, noise testing point is set;
Step 2: install noise measuring equipment according to the noise testing point arranged in initial land form figure and road traffic measures equipment,
Arrange measurement parameter startup measurement equipment to measure;
Step 3: utilize acoustics analogue simulation software, carries out noise circumstance prediction, and combines noise measured data target zone
Check, draw 3D Noise map;
Step 4: according to the noise criteria of the 3D Noise map data drawn He each acoustic environment functional areas, carry out noise effects and comment
Fixed, find out noise and do not reach target area;
Step 5: list all possible noise reduction measure, generates the Road Green Space optimal control modular matrix that noise reduction guides.
Further, state in step 1 and the method for noise testing point is set is: first the spatial data of measured zone is carried out whole
Reason, its spatial data includes basic boundary lines of roads, building outline line and building storey;And it is enterprising at initial land form figure
Row region divides, and obtains boundary line and the information of intra-zone road in this region, and is numbered road, R1、R2、
R3…RMRepresenting the numbering on street road, one has M bar road;Then along road both sides, a measurement is set every 200 meters
Point, wherein, measures the numbered R of pointM C1、RM C2、RM C3…RM CX, one has X to measure point.
Further, the noise measuring equipment in described step 2 is arranged on outside road noise reduction protective band and distance ground 1.5m
Place, described road traffic statistics equipment is arranged on inside curb line, and road traffic statistics equipment is for statistical machine
Motor-car flow and type.
Further, the measurement parameter arranged in described step 2 includes the time started t measuredRise, measure sampling interval TBetween、
End time tSettled, each measurement node measurement frequency n and each measurement node measurement time interval tBetween。
Further, described step 3 show that the method for 3D Noise map is:
Step 301: the data obtaining early stage and actual measurement stage arrange;
Step 302: be configured acoustic environment forecast model, completes data process, mould in acoustics analogue simulation software
The simulation preliminary preparation that type is arranged;
Step 303: computer carries out digital simulation work, utilizes the Noise map module of software to be tied by simulation predicting analysis
Fruit exports as two dimension and 3-D view;
Wherein, when step 303 Computer carries out digital simulation work, the data of foundation are basic spatial database, noise survey
Amount data and highway traffic data;Described basic spatial database includes boundary lines of roads border and building outline line line and construction level
Number;Described noise testing data are that environment actual measurement obtains, for checking the analog result checking acoustics analogue simulation software;
Described highway traffic data is data based on using road traffic, common in-vehicle and heavy goods vehicles two kinds to car model classification
Type, and embody in the way of total car number and heavy goods vehicles ratio;In the process of traffic measured data, by large car with in
Type car statistics is heavy goods vehicles, is common in-vehicle by compact car statistics, and calculates loaded vehicle ratio with heavy goods vehicles quantity divided by total car number.
Further, the method carrying out noise effects evaluation in described step 4 is: fit with reference first to national region ambient noise
Use Division technical specification, target zone carried out noise zoning dividing elements by geographic information computer system module,
Finally be divided into 0 class standard suitable application region, 1 class standard suitable application region, 2 class standard suitable application region, 3 class standards are suitable for district
Territory, 4 class standard suitable application region 5 class subregions, then the noise zoning of combining target scope in GIS-Geographic Information System module
Standard carries out check up to standard to 3D Noise map analogue data, finds out the defective district of noise, described GIS-Geographic Information System mould
Block is Arcgis platform.
Further, the method generating the Road Green Space optimal control modular matrix that noise reduction guides in described step 5 is:
Step 501: list the optimal control measure that all possible urban road greenery land noise reduction guides;
Step 502: the Road Green Space width needed for selecting according to the range size in the noise detected in step 4 region the most up to standard;
Wherein, Road Green Space width is 1.5 meters, 3-5 rice and 5-10 rice respectively;
Step 503: combine the situation in noise region the most up to standard, selects the control measure that Road Green Space noise reduction guides.
Beneficial effect: compared with prior art, the method that the present invention provides has the advantage that
1, accuracy is high: the data of the present invention combine acoustics analogue simulation software analogue data and the reality of noise measuring equipment
Surveying data mutually to check, draw final 3D noise data, data are the most reliable.
2, more objectivity: the present invention get rid of get sth into one's head, reasoning research, use and the most objectively investigate standard, number
According to choosing, statistical accuracy and computational methods, thus show accountability, objectivity and rationality.
3, flexibility is high.The noise region the most up to standard found out according to noise criteria for division and 3D Noise map, is referred to
The Road Green Space optimal control modular matrix that the noise reduction generated guides selects flexibly, meets the various of urban look
Property and rich.
The present invention combines as-is data actual measurement and computer intelligence is predicted, the noise of target road is carried out judgement up to standard, enters
And select concrete noise reduction measure according to cost, for the control of urban road noise and method for designing provide overall process and
Omnibearing Technical Reference and design cycle, both saved road and built up the control expense after coming into operation, decreased again city
City's road noise impact on surrounding environment, it is possible to the noise pollution that all types of urban roads bring is minimized, has relatively
Good economic benefit and social benefit.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the Road Green Space optimal control idiographic flow block diagram that in the present invention, noise reduction guides;
Fig. 2 is that in the present invention, Zhongshan Road, Xin Jie Kou, Nanjing is measured scope and measures some coding schematic diagram;
Fig. 3 present invention measures equipment installation site schematic diagram;
3D Noise map analog result in Fig. 4 present invention;
In Fig. 5 present invention, noise reduction guides planning and designing matrix module.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings the present invention is done and further explain.
As it is shown in figure 1, the invention discloses the optimization that a kind of urban road greenery land noise reduction based on 3D Noise map guides
Control method, implements step and includes the actual measurement of Model choices, present situation noise, 3D Noise map construction, Noise Review, and fall
Make an uproar 5 steps of modular matrix.Wherein the construction of 3D Noise map is to whole measured zone difference based on actual measurement noise data
Calculate the digital simulation carried out;Noise Review is to be standardized judging to road noise value according to road traffic noise standard;
Noise reduction module matrix is divided into noise reduction measure and two dimensions of noise reduction cost, and noise reduction measure includes noise reduction Land-Use Pattern, noise reduction structure
Building thing, noise-reducing device equipment and four types of noise reduction plants configuration, noise reduction cost is then to carry out above 4 noise reduction measures
Cost and noise reduction analysis, and then form the road traffic noise reduction optimal control module of complete set.
Embodiment:
With midtown, Nanjing, as a example by area, Xin Jie Kou, Zhongshan Road.As in figure 2 it is shown, the region that square frame frame rises is target area.
The present invention provides a kind of urban road greenery land noise reduction based on 3D Noise map to guide optimal control method, passes through mesh
The noise actual measurement of mark scope and computer simulation of intelligence draw 3D Noise map, and the noise criteria in conjunction with acoustic environment functional areas is carried out
Noise effects is evaluated, and then the planning and designing modular matrix guided according to a whole set of noise reduction, urban road greenery land is carried out noise reduction and leads
To optimization control scheme configuration.Concrete scheme step is as follows:
Step 1: obtain the initial land form figure information measuring section, city, with Urban Streets as unit on initial land form figure
Divide measured zone, noise testing point is set;
First the spatial data of measured zone is arranged so that it is include basic boundary lines of roads, building outline line and build
Build the data such as the number of plies.And on initial land form figure, carry out region division, obtain boundary line and the intra-zone road in this region
Information, and road is numbered, totally 1 street, is expressed as RZhongshan Road;
Measuring some method to set up is: arranges one along road both sides every 200 meters and measures point, numbered RZhongshan RoadC1、RIn Hill pathC2、RZhongshan RoadC3、RZhongshan RoadC4、RZhongshan RoadC3、RZhongshan RoadC6、RZhongshan RoadC7、RZhongshan RoadC8Measure point for totally 8.For noise
Measurement equipment, is advantageously mounted at outside road noise reduction protective band and at distance ground 1.5m, pacifies for vehicle flowrate equipment
It is contained in inside curb line, convenient statistics motor vehicle flow and type, noise measuring equipment and vehicle flowrate equipment tool
Body installation site is as shown in Figure 3.
Step 2: install noise measuring equipment according to the noise testing point arranged in initial land form figure and road traffic measures equipment,
Measurement parameter is set and starts measurement equipment;
Each measurement need of work measuring point launches simultaneously, it is therefore desirable to the measurement equipment after installing is carried out front period parameters
Arrange, mainly include the time started t measuredRise, measure sampling interval TBetween, end time tSettled, each measurement node
Pendulous frequency n and each measurement node measurement time interval tBetween.This case arranges time started tRiseIt it is 2016 2
Months 15 days Saturday morning eight o'clock sharps, measure sampling interval TBetweenIt is 1 one hours, end time tSettledIt it is in February, 2016
, each measurement node measurement frequency n are 3 the seven o'clock sharp in the morning on Sunday on the 16th, each measurement node measurement time interval tBetweenIt it is 30 seconds.
Noise testing data are each measurement moment surveyed noise data mean value LAeq, according to formula
Can be calculated, this is measured each timing node and measures three times, averages as this time
The noise data of intermediate node;In formula: LAeqEach measurement moment surveyed noise data mean value, i.e. equivalent sound level;LAiTable
Show the sound level that each measurement moment i & lt sampling records;N represents each measurement node measurement number of times.
Step 3: utilize acoustics analogue simulation software, this uses software to be Cadna/A, target zone is carried out noise circumstance
Prediction, and combine noise measured data and check, draw 3D Noise map, as shown in Figure 4.Wherein, Cadna/A bag
Contain the most popular and the most general noise prediction model.Road Traffic Noise Prediction Model in Cadna/A includes
RLS90, FHWA TNM, CRTN, NMPB-Route-96 (France, European Union's Interim Standard), RVS4.02 (Austrian),
The models such as STL86 (Switzerland), Czech Method (Czech);Railroad noise forecast model include SRM II (Holland,
European Union's Interim Standard), CRN (Britain), Schall03 (German), FTA/FRA (U.S.), Semibel (Switzerland),
ONR305011 (Austrian) etc.;Spendable airport noise predication model includes ECAC Doc.29 (international standard, Europe
Alliance's Interim Standard), AzB (German) etc.;Man-made noise prediction standard includes ISO9613, and (international standard, European Union is interim
Standard), VDI (German), BS5228 (Britain),Richtlinie Nr.28 (Austrian) etc..
The method specifically drawing 3D Noise map is:
First being the arrangement process of data, the data obtaining early stage and actual measurement stage arrange and format specification.Wherein,
The CAD spatial data that Primary Stage Data prepares before referring to investigate;The measurement that the data that the actual measurement stage obtains are in step 2 sets
The standby data measuring acquisition, i.e. measure the noise data of acquisition and the data of vehicle flowrate.
The basic data of spatial shape data is the vector landform of the dwg form obtained with google earth based on mapping
E-file, and it is carried out the simplification conversion with form of data.Wherein, the simplification of data is to vector data information
Screening, software simulation needed for vector data be the road axis of multi-section-line form, architectural plane outline line and build
Build the number of plies, therefore simplify in CAD, mainly process redundant data so that it is only comprise road axis, architectural plane wheel
Profile and building storey;Form conversion aspect, vector file is converted into dxf form and imports by unification of the present invention.
After Cadna/A imports the dwg file simplified, road axis is converted to " road ", and building outline line is turned
It is changed to " building ".
The basic data of the noise parameter data highway traffic data that mainly actual measurement obtains, by being arranged as RLS90
Model format one by one typing software.
After completing the arranging of the process to model space data and sound source parameter, then Parameter Conditions during simulation is set
Putting, this selects the sizing grid of 5m*5m, simulates based on space outerpace crowd activity, makees with human ear height place plane
For analog result, grid receives and is highly set to 1.6m, selects not calculate sound source and building interior region bottom interface, with
Time select simulation calculate time use building height.The 3D Noise map generated combines noise measured data and carries out check and test
Card, revises the obvious scope of difference, draws final 3D Noise map.Owing to Noise map has each locus
Noise prediction value, it is therefore desirable to compare according to each noise testing data and above-mentioned noise prediction value measuring point thus
Complete to check checking.
Step 4: according to the noise criteria of the 3D Noise map data drawn He each acoustic environment functional areas, carry out noise effects
Evaluation, finds out noise and does not reach target area;
It is suitable for Division technical specification with reference first to national region ambient noise, right in geographic information computer system module
Target zone carries out noise zoning dividing elements, be finally divided into 0 class standard suitable application region, 1 class standard suitable application region, 2
Class standard suitable application region, 3 class standard suitable application region, 4 class standard suitable application region 5 class subregions, wherein 0 noise like is interval
Being 50 decibels~40 decibels, 1 noise like interval is 55 decibels~45 decibels, and 2 noise like intervals are 60 decibels~50 points
Shellfish, 3 noise like intervals are 65 decibels~55 decibels, and 4 noise like intervals are 70 decibels~55 decibels.Then believe at geography
In breath system module, the noise criteria for division of combining target scope carries out check up to standard to 3D Noise map analogue data, looks for
Go out the defective region of noise.This target zone is Zhongshan Road, Xin Jie Kou, Nanjing section, and land used is mainly business business office,
Belonging to 2 class standard districts, the noise average being simulated this region obtained by software is 65 decibels, making an uproar of road both sides
Sound value is all slightly above standard value, needs to consider to take certain noise reduction Optimized Measures.
Step 5: as it is shown in figure 5, list all possible noise reduction optimal control measure, generates the Road Green Space that noise reduction guides
Optimal control modular matrix;
First list the optimal control measure that all possible urban road greenery land noise reduction guides, mainly include following measures:
The plants configuration module that noise reduction guides, mainly includes the big type of tree and shrubs two.Wherein arbor can be divided into according to height
Little Qiao, middle Qiao, great Qiao and big Qiao, can be divided into again aiphyllium and deciduous tree two kinds simultaneously;Shrub can be divided according to height
For big shrub and undershrub, it is also possible to be divided into evergreen shrubs and machaka two kinds.Configuration combination is appropriate to the occasion accomplishes noise reduction plant as far as possible
In allocation ratio, arbor shrub all has and has the evergreen species no less than 30%, thus ensures optimal noise reduction.
The structures module that noise reduction guides, including brick setting soundproof wall and two kinds of concrete soundproof wall, it is proposed that width of wall body is
30-50cm and boring, thus ensure maximized soundproof effect.Noise reduction guide structures module due to consumptive material and for
The permeability of urban look is unfavorable, therefore it is not recommended that use on a large scale.
The facilities and equipment control module that noise reduction guides, each type sound panel being mainly made up of sound-proof sound-absorbing material, according to depending on
Torr point difference, can be divided on the attached sound panel of soundproof wall, the attached sound panel of noise reduction arbor or other road equipments attached every
Three types of soundboard.The facilities and equipment that noise reduction guides uses flexibly, it is proposed that the configuration module guided with other noise reductions is used in mixed way.
The Road Green Space using terra control module that noise reduction guides, predominantly Road Green Space width control system, including following 3 width type,
It is 1.5 meters, 3-5 rice and 5-10 rice respectively.First, sidewalk width 0-5 rice, when road side land used is more nervous,
At least ensure the linear greenery patches having 1.5 meters, single file aiphyllium and noise-reducing device sound panel or soundproof wall are advised for this type
Reducing noise for combined;For sidewalk width 5-10 rice, when road side land used is well-to-do, it is ensured that have the greenest of 3-5 rice
Ground, for this type, suggestion Qiao fills reducing noise for combined, and type includes little Qiao, middle Qiao and shrub combination, and ensures to have 40% evergreen
Seeds;For sidewalk width more than 10 meters, when road side land used is well-to-do, it is ensured that have the linear greenery patches of 5-10 rice,
The form of shrub is added for this type suggestion duplicate rows arbor, type include little Qiao, middle Qiao and shrub combination and ensureing have 30% normal
Greenery kind;For indivedual acoustic environment sensitivity locations such as type such as apartment for elderly people, kindergarten or school, it is considered as in original suggestion
On the basis of configure certain noise reduction structures or noise-reducing device equipment.
In this real-time case, owing to the linear greenery patches width of both sides, section, Xin Jie Kou, Zhongshan Road belongs to first type, use
Ground is more nervous, it is therefore proposed that on the basis of original single file arbor, shrub reducing noise for combined, configure certain noise-reducing device sound insulation
Plate or soundproof wall reducing noise for combined;Arbor based on Platanus acerifolia, shrub based on red autumnal leaves continue wood and Ligustrum vicaryi, soundproof wall
Considering that blue bricks masonry is main, sound panel can be arranged in conjunction with billboard, is attached on soundproof wall, street lamp or shade tree.
The above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention, it should be pointed out that: for those skilled in the art
For, under the premise without departing from the principles of the invention, it is also possible to make some improvements and modifications, these improvements and modifications are also
Should be regarded as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. the optimal control method that a urban road greenery land noise reduction based on 3D Noise map guides, it is characterised in that:
Comprise the following steps:
Step 1: obtain the initial land form figure information measuring section, city, with Urban Streets as unit on initial land form figure
Divide measured zone, noise testing point is set;
Step 2: install noise measuring equipment according to the noise testing point arranged in initial land form figure and road traffic measures equipment,
Arrange measurement parameter startup measurement equipment to measure;
Step 3: utilize acoustics analogue simulation software, carries out noise circumstance prediction, and combines noise measured data target zone
Check, draw 3D Noise map;
Step 4: according to the noise criteria of the 3D Noise map data drawn He each acoustic environment functional areas, carry out noise effects and comment
Fixed, find out noise and do not reach target area;
Step 5: list all possible noise reduction measure, generates the Road Green Space optimal control modular matrix that noise reduction guides.
The optimal control side that urban road greenery land noise reduction based on 3D Noise map the most according to claim 1 guides
Method, it is characterised in that: the method arranging noise testing point in described step 1 is: the first spatial data to measured zone
Arranging, its spatial data includes basic boundary lines of roads, building outline line and building storey;And at initial land form
Carry out region division on figure, obtain boundary line and the information of intra-zone road in this region, and road is numbered,
R1、R2、R3…RMRepresenting the numbering on street road, one has M bar road;Then along road both sides every 200 meters of settings
Measure point, wherein, measure the numbered R of point for oneM C1、RM C2、RM C3…RM CX, one has X to measure point.
The optimal control side that urban road greenery land noise reduction based on 3D Noise map the most according to claim 1 guides
Method, it is characterised in that: the noise measuring equipment in described step 2 is arranged on outside road noise reduction protective band and distance ground
At 1.5m, described road traffic statistics equipment is arranged on inside curb line, and road traffic statistics equipment is used for uniting
Meter motor vehicle flow and type.
The optimal control side that urban road greenery land noise reduction based on 3D Noise map the most according to claim 1 guides
Method, it is characterised in that: the measurement parameter arranged in described step 2 includes the time started t measuredRise, measure the sampling interval
TBetween, end time tSettled, each measurement node measurement frequency n and each measurement node measurement time interval tBetween。
The optimal control side that urban road greenery land noise reduction based on 3D Noise map the most according to claim 1 guides
Method, it is characterised in that: described step 3 show that the method for 3D Noise map is:
Step 301: the data obtaining early stage and actual measurement stage arrange;
Step 302: be configured acoustic environment forecast model, completes data process, mould in acoustics analogue simulation software
The simulation preliminary preparation that type is arranged;
Step 303: computer carries out digital simulation work, utilizes the Noise map module of software to be tied by simulation predicting analysis
Fruit exports as two dimension and 3-D view;
Wherein, when step 303 Computer carries out digital simulation work, the data of foundation are basic spatial database, noise survey
Amount data and highway traffic data;Described basic spatial database includes boundary lines of roads border and building outline line line and construction level
Number;Described noise testing data are that environment actual measurement obtains, for checking the analog result checking acoustics analogue simulation software;
Described highway traffic data is data based on using road traffic, common in-vehicle and heavy goods vehicles two kinds to car model classification
Type, and embody in the way of total car number and heavy goods vehicles ratio;In the process of traffic measured data, by large car with in
Type car statistics is heavy goods vehicles, is common in-vehicle by compact car statistics, and calculates loaded vehicle ratio with heavy goods vehicles quantity divided by total car number.
The optimal control side that urban road greenery land noise reduction based on 3D Noise map the most according to claim 1 guides
Method, it is characterised in that: the method carrying out noise effects evaluation in described step 4 is: make an uproar with reference first to national region environment
Sound is suitable for Division technical specification, target zone carries out in geographic information computer system module noise zoning unit and draws
Point, be finally divided into 0 class standard suitable application region, 1 class standard suitable application region, 2 class standard suitable application region, 3 class standards fit
With region, 4 class standard suitable application region 5 class subregions, the then noise of combining target scope in GIS-Geographic Information System module
Criteria for division carries out check up to standard to 3D Noise map analogue data, finds out the defective region of noise, described geography information
System module is Arcgis platform.
The optimal control side that urban road greenery land noise reduction based on 3D Noise map the most according to claim 1 guides
Method, it is characterised in that: the method generating the Road Green Space optimal control modular matrix that noise reduction guides in described step 5 is:
Step 501: list the optimal control measure that all possible urban road greenery land noise reduction guides;
Step 502: the Road Green Space width needed for selecting according to the range size in the noise detected in step 4 region the most up to standard;
Wherein, Road Green Space width is 1.5 meters, 3-5 rice and 5-10 rice respectively;
Step 503: combine the situation in noise region the most up to standard, selects the control measure that Road Green Space noise reduction guides.
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