CN105928951A - Machine vision-based method for detecting end defectives of transparent object - Google Patents
Machine vision-based method for detecting end defectives of transparent object Download PDFInfo
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- CN105928951A CN105928951A CN201610447622.8A CN201610447622A CN105928951A CN 105928951 A CN105928951 A CN 105928951A CN 201610447622 A CN201610447622 A CN 201610447622A CN 105928951 A CN105928951 A CN 105928951A
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- transparent object
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/84—Systems specially adapted for particular applications
- G01N21/88—Investigating the presence of flaws or contamination
- G01N21/95—Investigating the presence of flaws or contamination characterised by the material or shape of the object to be examined
- G01N21/958—Inspecting transparent materials or objects, e.g. windscreens
Abstract
The invention discloses a machine vision-based method for detecting end defectives of a transparent object, comprising the steps: 1, acquiring an end image of the transparent object, the end image of the transparent object being a gray image; 2, for the end image of the transparent object, detecting cracks of the transparent object by means of vertical integral projection; 3, detecting stain on the surface of the transparent object by means of Blot analysis. The method detecting defects by means of vertical integral projection and Blot analysis is easy to implement and high in detection efficiency.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of transparent object plate defects detection method based on machine vision.
Background technology
Transparent object is conventional detection object, and its common open defect is that gas line, dirty speckle, end face split
Stricture of vagina etc..
Transparent object is carried out image detection, it is necessary to deliver to detect station with ensureing transparent object energy pipeline system
On.And, existing transparent object plate defects detection method based on machine vision is complex, calculating
Data volume is big, it is impossible to adapt to the requirement of high-speed production lines, therefore, it is necessary to design a kind of based on machine vision
Transparent object plate defects detection method.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved is to provide a kind of transparent object plate defects based on machine vision
Detection method, this invention is easy to implement, and detection efficiency is high.
The technical solution of invention is as follows:
A kind of transparent object plate defects detection method based on machine vision, comprises the following steps:
Step 1: obtain transparent object end view drawing picture；Described transparent object end view drawing picture is gray level image；
Step 2: for described transparent object end view drawing picture, realizing of employing vertical integral projection method is transparent
Object crack detection；
Described step 2 comprises the following steps:
Step 21: location white annulus in transparent object end view drawing picture；(the corresponding bright figure of transparent object end face
In white annulus, in the bright figure of transparent object it can be seen that)
Step 22: be a rectangular image by white circular ring transformation；The image of the n*m size of rectangular image；
Wherein (use here is a kind of coordinate transform in image to the widest number of pixels corresponding with height of n with m
Method, is specifically transformed to the image under plane coordinate system by the image under polar coordinate, and concrete shift step is
Receive existing mature technology.)
Step 23: described rectangular image is carried out binary conversion treatment, obtains bianry image；(can be by white
Annulus and peripheral image vegetarian refreshments are divided into the threshold value of foreground and background, and simplest way is: directly extracting waste
The gray scale mean deviation of the pixel of annulus and its neighborhood (non-white annulus).)
Step 24: this bianry image is carried out vertical integral projection, obtains vertical integral projection image；
Step 25: if vertical integral projection image has the projection exceeding predetermined threshold value, then illustrate that this is transparent right
There is crackle in the transparent object corresponding as end view drawing picture.
Vertical integral projection in described step 24 refers to the white picture in every string pixel of bianry image
Vegetarian refreshments adds up, and obtains value f (i), i=1, and 2 ..., n；Then the beneath individual pixel of f (i) of the i-th row is black
Color pixel, the rest of pixels of these row is white pixel.(vertical integral projection basic ideas are take image each
Pixel f (x, y) value put, upright projection of then x being quadratured to obtain, floor projection that y is quadratured to obtain, its
Core is exactly: add up the white pixel of every string, if the white pixel of certain string exceedes threshold value, then and existing defects.)
In step 1, the chain delivery mechanism being arranged in frame is used to transmit transparent object, then by chain delivery
The camera of mechanism's sidepiece obtains transparent object end view picture；
End view picture includes that the bright figure in end and end are secretly schemed, and only starts background light source, it is thus achieved that end is secretly schemed, only opens
Dynamic front light source, then obtain the bright figure in end.
Chain delivery mechanism includes chain, chain driving wheel, wheel shaft and transfer roller；Chain driving wheel is by wheel
Axle is arranged in frame；
Chain is 2, is provided with multiple described transfer roller between 2 chains, the setting direction of transfer roller with
The moving direction of chain is vertical, can accommodate a transparent object to be sent, chain between 2 adjacent transfer rollers
Bar driving wheel is at least two groups；Often group chain driving wheel is 2；
Article 2, chain is opened and is located on described chain driving wheel, 2 chains of chain drive wheel drive thus drive biography
Send roller loopy moving to transmit transparent object, set and to refer to that tensioning is arranged.
Chain driving wheel is 4 groups, and 4 groups of chain driving wheel 2 chains of support and transfer roller form the circulation that is square
Connecting gear.
Being provided with 2 pieces of baffle plates being parallel to each other in frame, 2 pieces of baffle plates are vertical direction and arrange；Prolonging of baffle plate
Stretch the direction of transfer that direction is transparent object；2 pieces of baffle plates are positioned at the top of chain delivery mechanism, 2 pieces of baffle plate shapes
Become one and be easy to the passage that transparent object forwards, provide the spacing of length direction for transparent object so that thoroughly
Bright object is neatly advanced when transmitting, it is simple to the concordance of follow-up image detection.
Chain delivery mechanism is additionally provided with many press strips；Press strip is arranged on the top of the chain at top, for about
The chain in bunchy top portion keeps straight in the horizontal direction when transmitting.
Transparent object plate defects detection method based on machine vision also includes step 3: use Blob analysis side
Method detects the dirty of the surface of transparent object.
Blob analyzes method and comprises the following steps:
Step 3.1: use binarization operation to Image semantic classification；
Step 3.2: location glass bulb neck interior white circular ring position, is divided into 10 detection by annulus decile
Region；
Step 3.3: each region is carried out speckle connected region extraction, draws the area of dirty speckle, girth
Parameter；
Step 3.4: compare with given standard value.If any one exceedes correspondence in area and girth
Preset value, then it represents that exist dirty.
Transparent object can be automobile lamp glass bulb, it is also possible to be other tubular or column article, as test tube,
The body etc. of the storing blood of blood count, it is also possible to be cylindrical or similar cylindrical article, such as bullet shell
Deng.
Beneficial effect:
The mode that the present invention uses sprocket wheel to combine is fed forward transparent object, in order to transparent object does not cause damage
Hinder and realize comprehensive continuous detecting；The transporter of the present invention uses a link chain mechanism (i.e. chain delivery
Mechanism), three phase electric machine controls main chain structure and travels forward, thus ensures that continuous print detects.Chain delivery system
System uses two set chains to add a collection of transfer roller and roller composition, and transparent object (such as transparent object) lies low at two
In groove between adjacent rollers.Briquetting ensures that roller is in sustained height all the time, it is ensured that camera operating distance is steady
Fixed.Baffle plate guides in transparent object (such as transparent object) transmission, it is ensured that the working distance of side-view camera
From.
Another core of the present invention be use vertical integral projection method realize transparent object crack detection,
The method is the most ingenious, and amount of calculation is few, is highly suitable to be applied in high-speed production lines.
In sum, this transparent object plate defects detection method based on machine vision can ensure transparent object
(such as transparent object) is sent to image detection station swimmingly, and can realize the quick figure of transparent object defect
As detection, the rigors on high speed detection line can be met.
Accompanying drawing explanation
The structural representation of Tu1Shi chain delivery mechanism；
Fig. 2 be zero defect white annulus schematic diagram (figure a for white annulus artwork, figure b is scale transformation
After image, figure c is binary image, figure d be vertical integral image)；
Fig. 3 be the white annulus having crackle schematic diagram (figure a be defect white annulus artwork, figure b for contracting
Putting the image after conversion, figure c is binary image, and figure d is vertical integral image)；
Fig. 4 is Blob analysis process figure.
Fig. 5 is that (scheming the artwork that a is the dark figure in end, figure b is detection knot to glass bulb cervical region dirty detection schematic diagram
Fruit figure)
Label declaration: 61-chain driving wheel, 62-chain, 63-transfer roller, 64-roller, 65-transparent object,
66-press strip, 67-baffle plate.
Detailed description of the invention
Below with reference to the drawings and specific embodiments, the present invention is described in further details:
Embodiment 1: such as Fig. 1-4, as a example by glass bulb, a kind of transparent object plate defects based on machine vision
Detection method, comprises the following steps:
Step 1: obtain transparent object end view drawing picture；Described transparent object end view drawing picture is gray level image；
Step 2: for described transparent object end view drawing picture, realizing of employing vertical integral projection method is transparent
Object crack detection；
Described step 2 comprises the following steps:
Step 21: location white annulus in transparent object end view drawing picture；(the corresponding bright figure of transparent object end face
In white annulus, in the bright figure of transparent object it can be seen that)
Step 22: be a rectangular image by white circular ring transformation；The image of the n*m size of rectangular image；
Wherein (use here is a kind of coordinate transform in image to the widest number of pixels corresponding with height of n with m
Method, is specifically transformed to the image under plane coordinate system by the image under polar coordinate, and concrete shift step is
Receive existing mature technology.)
Step 23: described rectangular image is carried out binary conversion treatment, obtains bianry image；(can be by white
Annulus and peripheral image vegetarian refreshments are divided into the threshold value of foreground and background, and simplest way is: directly extracting waste
The gray scale mean deviation of the pixel of annulus and its neighborhood (non-white annulus).)
Step 24: this bianry image is carried out vertical integral projection, obtains vertical integral projection image；
Step 25: if vertical integral projection image has the projection exceeding predetermined threshold value, then illustrate that this is transparent right
There is crackle in the transparent object corresponding as end view drawing picture.
Vertical integral projection in described step 24 refers to the white picture in every string pixel of bianry image
Vegetarian refreshments adds up, and obtains value f (i), i=1, and 2 ..., n；Then the beneath individual pixel of f (i) of the i-th row is black
Color pixel, the rest of pixels of these row is white pixel.(vertical integral projection basic ideas are take image each
Pixel f (x, y) value put, upright projection of then x being quadratured to obtain, floor projection that y is quadratured to obtain, its
Core is exactly: add up the white pixel of every string, if the white pixel of certain string exceedes threshold value, then and existing defects.)
In step 1, the chain delivery mechanism being arranged in frame is used to transmit transparent object, then by chain delivery
The camera of mechanism's sidepiece obtains transparent object end view picture；
Chain delivery mechanism includes chain 62, chain driving wheel 61, wheel shaft and transfer roller 63；Chain driving wheel
It is arranged in frame by wheel shaft；
Chain is 2, is provided with multiple described transfer roller between 2 chains, the setting direction of transfer roller with
The moving direction of chain is vertical, can accommodate a transparent object to be sent, chain between 2 adjacent transfer rollers
Bar driving wheel is at least two groups；Often group chain driving wheel is 2；
Article 2, chain is opened and is located on described chain driving wheel, 2 chains of chain drive wheel drive thus drive biography
Send roller loopy moving to transmit transparent object, set and to refer to that tensioning is arranged.
Chain driving wheel is 4 groups, and 4 groups of chain driving wheel 2 chains of support and transfer roller form the circulation that is square
Connecting gear.
Being provided with 2 pieces of baffle plates being parallel to each other in frame, 2 pieces of baffle plates are vertical direction and arrange；Prolonging of baffle plate
Stretch the direction of transfer that direction is transparent object；2 pieces of baffle plates are positioned at the top of chain delivery mechanism, 2 pieces of baffle plate shapes
Become one and be easy to the passage that transparent object forwards, provide the spacing of length direction for transparent object so that thoroughly
Bright object is neatly advanced when transmitting, it is simple to the concordance of follow-up image detection.
Chain delivery mechanism is additionally provided with many press strips；Press strip is arranged on the top of the chain at top, for about
The chain in bunchy top portion keeps straight in the horizontal direction when transmitting.
End face is dirty to be detected in bright figure, and end face otch is uneven to be detected in dark figure.Both features are from image
From the point of view of, it is nearly all black " speckle ", therefore Blob parser based on connected domain is a kind of practicality
Strong defects detection algorithm.
It is to be analyzed the connected domain of same pixel in image that Blob analyzes (BlobAnalysis), this connected domain
It is referred to as Blob.It can be that machine vision applications provides the quantity of speckle in image, position, shape that Blob analyzes
And direction, it is also possible to the topological structure between relevant speckle is provided.
Dirty speckle Producing reason is more, it may be possible to machinery and the contact cut of glass bulb or external
It is dirty etc. that pollutant cause.Glass bulb cervical region dirty spot detection flow chart 4.
For Fig. 5 (a), first extracting the gray scale of whole image, obtaining optimum gradation threshold value is 101 (as two
The threshold value of value), average gray is 80, specifically comprising the following steps that of detection
Step 3.1: use binarization operation to Image semantic classification；
Step 3.2: location glass bulb neck interior white circular ring position, annulus decile is divided into 10 little
Detection region；
Step 3.3: each region is carried out speckle connected region extraction, draws the area of dirty speckle, girth
Etc. parameter；
Step 3.4: compare with given standard value.If any one exceedes correspondence in area and girth
Preset value, then it represents that exist dirty.
The dirty testing result of cervical region in the bright figure of end face as it is shown in figure 5, the area of dirty speckle be 602, girth
Be 134, center-of-mass coordinate be (342,273).
The following is about the bright image of end face and the explanation of dark image:
Side camera predominantly detects eccentricity, the dirty speckle of glass bulb eck, end capacity check.Due to glass bulb crackle
Kind and shape too many, through early stage experiment repeatedly and light source type selecting, have chosen annular coaxial light source and the back of the body
Two kinds of light sources of light source, and use the method for timesharing polishing to obtain the bright figure of end face and dark figure.Glass bulb neck φ, eccentricity,
The dirty speckle of glass bulb neck detects in bright figure, in order to improve the accuracy of end capacity check, end capacity check at bright figure and
Having detection in dark figure, this is also the purpose using two kinds of light source timesharing polishings.
Claims (8)
1. a transparent object plate defects detection method based on machine vision, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps:
Step 1: obtain transparent object end view drawing picture；Described transparent object end view drawing picture is gray level image；
Step 2: for described transparent object end view drawing picture, use vertical integral projection method realizes the inspection of transparent object crackle
Survey；
Described step 2 comprises the following steps:
Step 21: location white annulus in transparent object end view drawing picture；
Step 22: be a rectangular image by white circular ring transformation；The image of the n*m size of rectangular image；Wherein n and m
It is respectively the wide number of pixels corresponding with height；
Step 23: described rectangular image is carried out binary conversion treatment, obtains bianry image；
Step 24: this bianry image is carried out vertical integral projection, obtains vertical integral projection image；
Step 25: if vertical integral projection image has the projection exceeding predetermined threshold value, then illustrate this transparent object end view drawing picture
There is crackle in corresponding transparent object.
Transparent object plate defects detection method based on machine vision the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that institute
Vertical integral projection in the step 24 stated refers to add up the white pixel point in every string pixel of bianry image,
To being worth f (i), i=1,2 ..., n；Then the beneath individual pixel of f (i) of the i-th row is black picture element, remaining of these row
Pixel is white pixel.
Transparent object plate defects detection method based on machine vision the most according to claim 1 and 2, its feature exists
In, in step 1, use the chain delivery mechanism being arranged in frame to transmit transparent object, then by chain delivery mechanism side
The camera in portion obtains transparent object end view picture；
Chain delivery mechanism includes chain (62), chain driving wheel (61), wheel shaft and transfer roller (63)；Chain drive
Wheel is arranged in frame by wheel shaft；
Chain is 2, is provided with multiple described transfer roller, the setting direction of transfer roller and chain between 2 chains
Moving direction is vertical, can accommodate a transparent object to be sent between 2 adjacent transfer rollers, chain driving wheel be to
Few two groups；Often group chain driving wheel is 2；
Article 2, chain is opened and is located on described chain driving wheel, 2 chains of chain drive wheel drive thus drive transfer roller to follow
Ring moves to transmit transparent object.
Transparent object plate defects detection method based on machine vision the most according to claim 3, its feature exists
In, chain driving wheel is 4 groups, and 4 groups of chain driving wheel 2 chains of support and transfer roller form the transmission of the circulation that is square
Mechanism.
Transparent object plate defects detection method based on machine vision the most according to claim 4, its feature exists
In, frame is provided with 2 pieces of baffle plates being parallel to each other, 2 pieces of baffle plates are vertical direction and arrange；The bearing of trend of baffle plate
Direction of transfer for transparent object；2 pieces of baffle plates are positioned at the top of chain delivery mechanism, and 2 pieces of baffle plates form one and are easy to
The passage that bright object forwards.
Transparent object plate defects detection method based on machine vision the most according to claim 2, its feature exists
In, chain delivery mechanism is additionally provided with many press strips；Press strip is arranged on the top of the chain at top, for retraining top
Chain keeps straight in the horizontal direction when transmitting.
Transparent object plate defects detection method based on machine vision the most according to claim 6, it is characterised in that also
Including step 3: employing Blob analyzes the dirty of the surface of method detection transparent object.
Transparent object plate defects detection method based on machine vision the most according to claim 6, it is characterised in that
Blob analyzes method and comprises the following steps:
Step 3.1: use binarization operation to Image semantic classification；
Step 3.2: location glass bulb neck interior white circular ring position, is divided into 10 detection subregions by annulus decile；
Step 3.3: each region is carried out speckle connected region extraction, draws the area of dirty speckle, circumference parameters；
Step 3.4: compare with given standard value.If any one exceedes the preset value of correspondence in area and girth,
Then expression exists dirty.
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Cited By (1)
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Application publication date: 20160907 |