CN105921852A - Electric arc wire filling additive manufacturing method for inclined thin-walled structural part - Google Patents

Electric arc wire filling additive manufacturing method for inclined thin-walled structural part Download PDF

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CN105921852A
CN105921852A CN201610408053.6A CN201610408053A CN105921852A CN 105921852 A CN105921852 A CN 105921852A CN 201610408053 A CN201610408053 A CN 201610408053A CN 105921852 A CN105921852 A CN 105921852A
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electric arc
thin
substrate
layer
welding gun
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CN105921852B (en
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熊俊
雷洋洋
尹紫秋
陈辉
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Southwest Jiaotong University
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K9/00Arc welding or cutting
    • B23K9/04Welding for other purposes than joining, e.g. built-up welding

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Butt Welding And Welding Of Specific Article (AREA)

Abstract

The invention provides an electric arc wire filling additive manufacturing method for an inclined thin-walled structural part. The electric arc wire filling additive manufacturing method is used for manufacturing the inclined thin-walled structural part forming a certain included angle with a substrate. When multiple layers of single-pass inclined thin-walled parts are stacked, a first layer is formed by lapping two stacked weld beads, so that the problem of weld pool flowing due to excessive offset during stacking of a second layer is effectively solved; and when the second layer and subsequent layers are stacked, a welding gun horizontally shifts for a certain distance in a direction perpendicular to the height, thereby forming an inclined structure. According to the electric arc wire filling additive manufacturing method disclosed by the invention, the problems of high equipment cost, complex system, low forming precision of stacked parts and the like of an existing inclined thin-walled structural part are solved; the forming of the inclined thin-walled structural part can be finished in a mode of not turning over the substrate by a positioner; high-quality forming of the inclined thin-walled structural part is realized; and in addition, the method is easy in automation of forming process.

Description

Tilt the silk filling of thin-walled workpiece electric arc and increase material manufacture method
Technical field
The invention belongs to increase material manufacturing technology field, be specifically related to a kind of inclination thin-walled workpiece electric arc silk filling and increase material manufacture method.
Background technology
In recent years, under resources conservation and high efficiency manufacture background, research and the application of metal parts increasing material manufacturing technology are studied The extensive concern of scholar.Although the conventional cast of hardware, the machining process accuracy of manufacture are high, but there is manufacturing process Tilt, working (machining) efficiency is low, stock utilization is low, manufacture the series of problems such as flexible degree is low, production cost is high.
Electric arc silk filling increases material manufacturing technology and uses welding arc as thermal source, and filler wire under the effect of electric arc thermal source, according to zero Part threedimensional model hierarchy slicing, successively piles up until forming full accumulation horizon metal parts on substrate according to set path.At present, The method is primarily suitable for direct forming band large-scale metal structural member, and formed parts consistency is high, metallurgical binding performance one-tenth good, chemical Point uniformly, mechanical property meets or exceeds forging level.Comparing with laser powder-filled, electric arc silk filling increases material manufacturing technology and sets The series of advantages such as standby low cost, silk material deposition rate is high, environmental pollution is little.
Owing to hardware shaping is to carry out in the way of liquid droplets transition, therefore the electric arc of dip member fills silk and increases material manufacture Difficulty is big, especially for there being the multilayer single track thin-wall metal component at certain inclination angle with substrate, shapes difficulty bigger.At present, right In the shaping of this inclination thin-wall member, the mode usually through positioner upset substrate completes.But in actual working environment, There is the shortcomings such as equipment cost height, system tilt in the mode using positioner upset substrate.Therefore, need exploitation one badly and tilt thin Simple, the practical approach that wall member shapes.
Finding through the literature search of prior art, willow is built et al. on " at Shenyang University of Technology's journal " (2012, Vo34, No.5) Deliver " technological parameter affecting laws to built-up welding deposition forming limit inclination angle ".Literary composition uses and offsets along accumulation horizon length direction It is perpendicular on accumulation horizon direction skew with edge and shapes multilayer single track incline structure thin-wall part.But deposit along the skew of accumulation horizon length direction In the feature of hardware end forming quality difference, practical application, and offset up can shape along being perpendicular to accumulation horizon side Having the thin-wall part at certain inclination angle, but the method also has weak point, when being mainly reflected in the accumulation second layer, forming quality is difficult to Controlling, when particularly side-play amount is big, forming quality is worse.Therefore, it is necessary to existing method is improved.
Chinese Patent Application No.: the patent of 201210483539.8 entitled " a kind of arc additive of titanium alloy structural part manufacture methods " The electric arc providing the multilayer multiple tracks titanium alloy structure part that a kind of cross section is annular increases material manufacture method, and the method uses from the inside to the outside Annular weld bead successively overlap shaping one layer of annular element, mainly for the accumulation of multilayer multiple tracks annular structural part, but the method is also It is not suitable for multilayer single track and tilts the accumulation of thin-walled workpiece, heap can not be determined according to the shaping inclination angle of thin-walled workpiece Yu substrate Long-pending process welding gun side-play amount.Therefore, need a kind of multilayer single track of proposition badly and tilt thin-walled workpiece electric arc silk filling increasing material manufacture method.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, it is proposed that a kind of inclination thin-walled workpiece electric arc fills silk and increases material manufacture Method, in order to efficiently, accurately shape multilayer single track thin-walled workpiece.
For achieving the above object, technical solution of the present invention is as follows:
A kind of inclination thin-walled workpiece electric arc fills silk and increases material manufacture method, for the thin-walled knot manufactured and substrate has certain angle to tilt Component, described thin-walled workpiece is multilayer single-pass configuration, comprises the following steps:
Step one: using electric arc silk filling to increase material manufacture thermal source and pile up ground floor first on substrate, welding gun is the most horizontal The distance of skew is 0.667 times that ground floor first piles up width, stand-by period 1-3min between road;Then ground floor is started The overlap joint in two roads is piled up, interlayer stand-by period 1-5min;
Owing to ground floor shapes on substrate, radiating condition is preferable, after having piled up ground floor first, in order to control Temperature between certain road, when piling up ground floor second, needs to set between suitable road the stand-by period.If waited between road Between the shortest, then between road, temperature is too high, if between road the stand-by period oversize, then reduce forming efficiency;When therefore setting wait between road Between 1-3min;
Filling silk in view of electric arc, it is big to increase the input of material manufacture process heat, from the beginning of the second layer, piles up welding bead radiating condition and is gradually deteriorated, In order to prevent succeeding layer from molten bath trickling or cob webbing occurring in banking process, need strictly to control interlayer temperature.Interlayer waits Set of time is too small, easily occurs shaping the trickling in molten bath, and the interlayer stand-by period sets excessive, can reduce again forming efficiency.Cause This, need to set the suitable interlayer stand-by period, therefore set the interlayer stand-by period as 1-5min;
In the inventive method, the second layer shapes on the basis of ground floor, and therefore ground floor must be piled up relatively flat Accumulation horizon.Ground floor includes ground floor first and ground floor second, piles up welding bead, Liang Tiaodui to obtain smooth overlap joint The centre distance of long-pending welding bead must set a suitable value.If centre distance sets excessive, then deposit between two accumulation welding beads At pit.If centre distance sets too small, then there will be accumulation welding bead " bulge " phenomenon.Therefore two heaps of ground floor are set Long-pending welding bead centre distance is 0.667 times that ground floor first piles up width;
Step 2: welding gun moves to be piled up at the path starting the arc or blow-out end to ground floor first, and then welding gun is the most horizontal Offset d mm, completes the accumulation of the second layer, interlayer stand-by period 1-5min;In the banking process of the second layer and succeeding layer, weldering Rifle transversal displacement d in the horizontal direction is calculated by below equation and determines: d=h cos β, wherein, β is multilayer single track Tilt the angle of thin-walled workpiece and substrate, h be multilayer single-pass configuration part be floor height when 90 ° with substrate angle;
Step 3: welding gun raises a floor height hβ, then welding gun lateral shift dmm in the horizontal direction, complete the accumulation of third layer, Interlayer stand-by period 1-5min;In the banking process of the second layer and succeeding layer, the floor height h that welding gun raisesβIt is to pass through below equation Calculating determines: hβ=h sin β;Wherein, β is the angle that multilayer single track tilts thin-walled workpiece and substrate, and h is multilayer list Road structural member and substrate angle are floor height when 90 °;
Step 4: continue to repeat step 3, complete multilayer stack shaping, until total part forming dimension meets the requirements.
It is preferred that, welding gun transversal displacement d in the horizontal direction is 0-1.2mm.When interlayer welding gun side-play amount d is 0, The structural member shaped and substrate angle are 90 °, without slant characteristic.When side-play amount d is chosen excessive, the molten bath of current accumulation horizon Metal is partially suspended in preceding layer, easily causes the trickling in molten bath, and then occurs that the shaping of thin-wall part is caved in.Therefore weld Rifle transversal displacement d in the horizontal direction is 0-1.2mm.
It is preferred that, the stacked direction of described ground floor first is identical with the stacked direction of ground floor second.
It is preferred that, the stacked direction between adjacent layer is contrary.Increase material manufacture process in view of electric arc silk filling to exist at the starting the arc Highly big, feature low at blow-out, if piled up along same direction all the time, it may appear that starting the arc end is more and more higher, blow-out end is more Carry out the lowest feature, cause forming process to proceed.Therefore, use the mode that the stacked direction of adjacent interlayer is contrary, Starting the arc end and blow-out end size difference can be utilized to carry out size make up, efficiently solve end size difference.
It is preferred that, welding gun is fixed on robot the 6th shaft end or the cross balladeur train that driven by stepper motor.
It is preferred that, it is consumable electrode gas-arc electric arc, tungsten argon arc or plasma arc that electric arc increase material to manufacture thermal source.
The invention have the benefit that instant invention overcomes existing inclination thin-walled workpiece shapes equipment cost height, the system existed The problems such as complicated, accumulation part forming accuracy is low, can complete oblique structural members under the mode that need not positioner upset substrate Shape.In the present invention, when piling up multilayer single track inclination thin-wall part, ground floor is piled up welding beads overlap joint by two and is formed, effective gram Take the molten bath trickling problem caused when the second layer is piled up owing to side-play amount is excessive.When piling up the second layer and succeeding layer, welding gun edge It is perpendicular to short transverse horizontal-shift certain distance, and then shapes incline structure.This invention achieves the height of thin-walled workpiece Quality shapes, and the method is also easy to the automation of forming process.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is that the multilayer single track straight wall oblique structural members electric arc silk filling of embodiment 1 increases material manufacture process schematic diagram;
Fig. 2 is that the multilayer single track annular oblique structural members electric arc silk filling of embodiment 2 increases material manufacture process schematic diagram;
Detailed description of the invention
Below by way of specific instantiation, embodiments of the present invention being described, those skilled in the art can be by disclosed by this specification Content understand other advantages and effect of the present invention easily.The present invention can also be added by the most different detailed description of the invention To implement or application, the every details in this specification can also be based on different viewpoints and application, in the essence without departing from the present invention Various modification or change is carried out under god.
Embodiment 1
As it is shown in figure 1, high-strength steel straight wall structural member is multilayer single-pass configuration, structural member height 70mm, width 7.5mm, long 150mm, Straight wall structural member is at 45 ° with substrate angle.Electric arc fills silk and increase material to manufacture equipment is Panasonic YD-500FR power supply, ABB Robot is as motion, and welding gun is fixed on robot the 6th shaft end.Electric arc fills silk and increases material Fabrication parameter: pile up electric current 150A, stackeding speed 5mm/s, when structural member and substrate angle are 90 °, accumulation horizon floor height h is 1.66mm, and banking process is used Protection gas is 95%Ar+5%CO2, filling silk material is CHW-55CNH high-strength weathering steel welding wire, silk material diameter 1.2mm, Q235 Substrate size is 200mm × 120mm × 10mm, and welding gun is fixed on robot the 6th shaft end or the cross driven by stepper motor On balladeur train.It is consumable electrode gas-arc electric arc, tungsten argon arc or plasma arc that electric arc increase material to manufacture thermal source.Specifically comprise the following steps that
Step one: by the motion of ABB robot, regulates welding gun height, it is ensured that welding gun to substrate surface vertical range is 12mm. Determining arcing point on substrate, use electric arc silk filling to increase material manufacture thermal source and pile up ground floor first on substrate, welding gun is along level The distance of direction lateral shift is that ground floor first piles up 0.667 times of width, stand-by period 1min between road, then starts the The overlap joint of one layer of second is piled up, interlayer stand-by period 1min;
Step 2: welding gun moves to be piled up at the path starting the arc or blow-out end to ground floor first, and then welding gun is the most horizontal Offset d mm, completes the accumulation of the second layer, interlayer stand-by period 1min;In the banking process of the second layer and succeeding layer, weldering Rifle transversal displacement d in the horizontal direction is calculated by below equation and determines: d=h cos β, wherein, β is multilayer single track Tilt the angle of thin-walled workpiece and substrate, h be multilayer single-pass configuration part be floor height when 90 ° with substrate angle;
Step 3: welding gun raises a floor height hβ, then welding gun lateral shift dmm in the horizontal direction, complete the accumulation of third layer, Interlayer stand-by period 1min;In the banking process of the second layer and succeeding layer, the floor height h that welding gun raisesβIt is by below equation meter Determine: hβ=h sin β;Wherein, β is the angle that multilayer single track tilts thin-walled workpiece and substrate, and h is multilayer single track Structural member and substrate angle are floor height when 90 °;
Step 4: continue to repeat step 3, complete the accumulation of remainder layer, until the height gauge of whole multilayer single track thin-walled workpiece Till very little satisfied requirement.
In the banking process of above-mentioned inclination thin-walled workpiece, ground floor first is identical with the stacked direction of ground floor second, and Contrary along piling height direction adjacent interlayer stacked direction.
Embodiment 2
As in figure 2 it is shown, high-strength steel circular ring structure part is multilayer single-pass configuration, high 43mm, width 6mm, in circular ring structure part Heart radius 55mm, circular ring structure part cross section becomes 60 ° with substrate.Electric arc fills silk and increase material to manufacture equipment is Panasonic YD-500FR Power supply, ABB robot is as motion, and welding gun is fixed on robot the 6th shaft end.High-strength steel annulus thin-walled workpiece Build up process parameter is: piles up electric current 120A, stackeding speed 5.3mm/s, piles up layer by layer when structural member and substrate angle are 90 ° High h is 1.44mm, and banking process protection gas is 95%Ar+5%CO2, filling silk material is CHW-55CNH high-strength weathering steel Welding wire, silk material diameter 1.2mm, Q235 substrate size is 200mm × 150mm × 10mm.Welding gun is fixed on robot the 6th axle On end or the cross balladeur train that driven by stepper motor.It is consumable electrode gas-arc electric arc, tungsten argon arc that electric arc increase material to manufacture thermal source Or plasma arc.Specifically comprise the following steps that
(1) by the motion of ABB robot, welding gun height is regulated, it is ensured that welding gun to substrate surface vertical range is 14mm. Determining arcing point on substrate, welding gun is along annulus movement outside, and the distance of welding gun lateral shift in the horizontal direction is ground floor first 0.667 times of width is piled up in road, and after Arc, welding gun moves along clockwise direction, stand-by period 3min between road, then starts The overlap joint of ground floor second is piled up;
(2) welding gun moves and piles up at the path starting the arc or blow-out end to ground floor first, and welding gun is along annulus movement outside, welding gun water Welding gun moves in the counterclockwise direction square after lateral shift dmm, Arc, completes the accumulation of the second layer, when interlayer waits Between 5min;In the banking process of the second layer and succeeding layer, welding gun transversal displacement d in the horizontal direction is by below equation meter Determining: d=h cos β, wherein, β is the angle that multilayer single track tilts thin-walled workpiece and substrate, and h is multilayer single track Structural member and substrate angle are floor height when 90 °;
Step 3: welding gun raises a floor height hβ, welding gun along annulus movement outside, the distance of welding gun lateral shift in the horizontal direction For dmm, complete the accumulation of third layer, interlayer stand-by period 5min;In the banking process of the second layer and succeeding layer, welding gun The floor height h raisedβCalculated by below equation and determine: hβ=h sin β, wherein, β is that multilayer single track tilts thin-wall construction The angle of part and substrate, h be multilayer single-pass configuration part be floor height when 90 ° with substrate angle;
Step 4: continue to repeat step 3, complete the accumulation of remainder layer, until the height gauge of whole multilayer single track thin-walled workpiece Till very little satisfied requirement.
Above-mentioned multilayer single track annulus tilts in the banking process of thin-walled workpiece, ground floor first and the accumulation of ground floor second Direction is identical, and adjacent interlayer stacked direction is contrary.
The principle of above-described embodiment only illustrative present invention and effect thereof, not for limiting the present invention.Any it is familiar with this skill Above-described embodiment all can be modified under the spirit and the scope of the present invention or change by the personage of art.Therefore, all institutes Belong to and technical field has all equivalences that usually intellectual is completed under without departing from disclosed spirit and technological thought Modify or change, must be contained by the claim of the present invention.

Claims (6)

1. tilt the silk filling of thin-walled workpiece electric arc and increase a material manufacture method, have the inclination thin-walled of certain angle for manufacture and substrate Structural member, described thin-walled workpiece is multilayer single-pass configuration, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps:
Step one: using electric arc silk filling to increase material manufacture thermal source and pile up ground floor first on substrate, welding gun is the most horizontal The distance of skew is that ground floor first piles up 0.667 times of width, stand-by period 1-3min between road, then starts ground floor the The overlap joint in two roads is piled up, interlayer stand-by period 1-5min;
Step 2: welding gun moves to be piled up at the path starting the arc or blow-out end to ground floor first, and then welding gun is the most horizontal Offset d mm, completes the accumulation of the second layer, interlayer stand-by period 1-5min;In the banking process of the second layer and succeeding layer, weldering Rifle transversal displacement d in the horizontal direction is calculated by below equation and determines: d=h cos β, wherein, β is multilayer single track Tilt the angle of thin-walled workpiece and substrate, h be multilayer single-pass configuration part be floor height when 90 ° with substrate angle;
Step 3: welding gun raises a floor height hβ, then welding gun lateral shift dmm in the horizontal direction, complete the accumulation of third layer, Interlayer stand-by period 1-5min;In the banking process of the second layer and succeeding layer, the floor height h that welding gun raisesβIt is to pass through below equation Calculating determines: hβ=h sin β, wherein, β is the angle that multilayer single track tilts thin-walled workpiece and substrate, and h is multilayer list Road structural member and substrate angle are floor height when 90 °;
Step 4: continue to repeat step 3, complete multilayer stack shaping, until total part forming dimension meets the requirements.
A kind of inclination thin-walled workpiece electric arc the most according to claim 1 fills silk and increases material manufacture method, it is characterised in that: weldering Rifle transversal displacement d in the horizontal direction is 0-1.2mm.
A kind of inclination thin-walled workpiece electric arc the most according to claim 1 fills silk and increases material manufacture method, it is characterised in that: institute The stacked direction stating ground floor first is identical with the stacked direction of ground floor second.
A kind of inclination thin-walled workpiece electric arc the most according to claim 1 fills silk and increases material manufacture method, it is characterised in that: phase Stacked direction between adjacent bed is contrary.
A kind of inclination thin-walled workpiece electric arc the most according to claim 1 fills silk and increases material manufacture method, it is characterised in that: weldering Rifle is fixed on robot the 6th shaft end or the cross balladeur train that driven by stepper motor.
A kind of inclination thin-walled workpiece electric arc the most according to claim 1 fills silk and increases material manufacture method, it is characterised in that: electricity It is consumable electrode gas-arc electric arc, tungsten argon arc or plasma arc that arc increase material to manufacture thermal source.
CN201610408053.6A 2016-06-08 2016-06-08 Tilt thin-walled workpiece electric arc silk filling increasing material manufacturing method Expired - Fee Related CN105921852B (en)

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CN106312250A (en) * 2016-09-29 2017-01-11 首都航天机械公司 Wire arc additive manufacturing method for disc-shaped supporting component
CN106392270A (en) * 2016-10-27 2017-02-15 北京航星机器制造有限公司 Method for electric-arc additive manufacturing of aluminum alloy multi-layer single-pass closed structural member
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CN106513931A (en) * 2016-10-25 2017-03-22 西南交通大学 Welding gun pose-variable closed geometric component GMAW added material manufacturing method
CN106392270A (en) * 2016-10-27 2017-02-15 北京航星机器制造有限公司 Method for electric-arc additive manufacturing of aluminum alloy multi-layer single-pass closed structural member
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CN106903394A (en) * 2017-03-07 2017-06-30 常州长东增材制造有限公司 A kind of almag structural member increasing material manufacturing method
CN107186324A (en) * 2017-06-10 2017-09-22 中国人民解放军装甲兵工程学院 A kind of welding gun offset determination remanufactured for plate class titanium alloy wear-out part arc-welding
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CN108161178A (en) * 2018-01-30 2018-06-15 北京理工大学 A kind of aluminum alloy junction component electric arc increases material forming method
CN108875149A (en) * 2018-05-28 2018-11-23 西南交通大学 A kind of GMA increasing material manufacturing accumulation road morphology control method
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