CN105916753A - System and method for monitoring railcar performance - Google Patents
System and method for monitoring railcar performance Download PDFInfo
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- CN105916753A CN105916753A CN201380032404.2A CN201380032404A CN105916753A CN 105916753 A CN105916753 A CN 105916753A CN 201380032404 A CN201380032404 A CN 201380032404A CN 105916753 A CN105916753 A CN 105916753A
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- Prior art keywords
- temperature
- railcar
- sensor
- unit
- data
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B61—RAILWAYS
- B61L—GUIDING RAILWAY TRAFFIC; ENSURING THE SAFETY OF RAILWAY TRAFFIC
- B61L15/00—Indicators provided on the vehicle or vehicle train for signalling purposes ; On-board control or communication systems
- B61L15/0081—On-board diagnosis or maintenance
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B61—RAILWAYS
- B61L—GUIDING RAILWAY TRAFFIC; ENSURING THE SAFETY OF RAILWAY TRAFFIC
- B61L27/00—Central railway traffic control systems; Trackside control; Communication systems specially adapted therefor
- B61L27/50—Trackside diagnosis or maintenance, e.g. software upgrades
- B61L27/57—Trackside diagnosis or maintenance, e.g. software upgrades for vehicles or vehicle trains, e.g. trackside supervision of train conditions
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B61—RAILWAYS
- B61L—GUIDING RAILWAY TRAFFIC; ENSURING THE SAFETY OF RAILWAY TRAFFIC
- B61L15/00—Indicators provided on the vehicle or vehicle train for signalling purposes ; On-board control or communication systems
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B61—RAILWAYS
- B61L—GUIDING RAILWAY TRAFFIC; ENSURING THE SAFETY OF RAILWAY TRAFFIC
- B61L15/00—Indicators provided on the vehicle or vehicle train for signalling purposes ; On-board control or communication systems
- B61L15/0018—Communication with or on the vehicle or vehicle train
- B61L15/0027—Radio-based, e.g. using GSM-R
Abstract
A system for monitoring operation of a railcar having one or more sensing units, mounted on the railcar, for monitoring operating parameters and/or conditions of the railcar, and a communication management unit, in wireless communication with the sensing units, wherein the system can make a determination of an alarm condition based on data collected the sensing units. A temperature sensor device for use in such a system is also provided.
Description
Related application
This application claims the rights and interests of the U.S. Provisional Application of the serial number 61/661661 submitted on June 19th, 2012, and
It is the part continuation application of the Copending U.S. Patent Application of the serial number 12/861713 that on August 23rd, 2010 submits, the described U.S.
The disclosure of provisional application and Copending U.S. Patent Application is incorporated herein by reference.
Technical field
The present invention relates to monitor and the system of analysis for the real-time of railcar (railcar), and more particularly, to
Collect the data relevant to various operating parameters and situation from distance sensor and apply heuritic approach (heuristics)
Analyze these data with detection and/or the system of predicted operation fault.Also disclose the spy for monitoring the temperature on railcar
Determine purposes.
Background technology
For Accident prevention and improve efficiency, the owner and the operator of railcar it should be understood that their assets how
Run.Along with the use in heavier compartment, for " bad executor " as long as existing (track infrastructure can be damaged and cause
The compartment of rail) performance become the unacceptable bigger demand just identifying them.There is also for by improving high speed performance
With the unplanned service disruption caused by mechanical breakdown of minimizing to improve the demand of average train speed.The owner in compartment is more
To seek to realize preventative maintenance program, to predict and avoid the mechanical breakdown at scene and effectively dispatch in factory manyly
Maintenance and they select time.Finally, along with the more automatization of rail operation with for improving safety increasingly
Many regulations, railway industry needs the new mode of the performance for monitoring train, compartment and railway freight-car.
Even if less mechanical breakdown can also cause being not only single railcar soon and be whole train
Catastrophic fault.It is therefore desirable for detect to locomotive engine or central data processing facility as quickly as possible and report away from working specification
Deviation or predict imminent fault, to allow human intervention timely.
A kind of method used in North America is used in the roadside tracer at the fixed position of railway network.
The detector (hot-box detector) measuring bearing temperature is common, and is used for measuring wheel collision, bearing condition (from acoustics spy
Levy) and other road boundary detection device of cross force be the most progressively introduced into.But, although a detector can be at many freight cars
Through out-of-date, it is monitored, but they can only provide the sampling check to performance.Being likely to fault will be simply at detector
Between become substantially and to be progressively upgraded to critical level.
The another kind of method for railcar performance monitoring has used car kits.One this outstanding system by
It is developed for federal railway office.In the system being similar to this or other, the many instruments in the zones of different of freight car
For carrying out discrete measurement, the central hub that this discrete measurement is subsequently communicated on freight car.Although providing relatively
Preferable solution for the watch-dog of roadside, but wiring, complexity and cost increase the throwing required for monitoring compartment
Money, and reduce efficiency and reliability.
But, current system lacks following ability: applies heuritic approach, receives from more than one sensor to act on
The ability of the data of collection, or detect operation deviation or the ability of trend of the display deviation away from nominal operating parameters.Additionally, at present
System be limited in the following areas: current system lacks the ability in this heuritic approach of multiple level applications, example
As other, in railcar rank and in train rank at individual other sensor-level.Finally, current system lacks following energy
Power: sensor uses has multiple redundancy the wireless communication infrastructure allowing the data between particular sensor to transmit, and has
Imitate and reliably the data of sensor be sent to the ability of central data collection facility.
Therefore, it would be desirable to have a kind of system, system solves the problem these current defects, and improve: (1) reliably
Collect and utilize the ability of the data from the multiple sensors on each railcar；(2) for by applying heuristic calculation
Method analyzes the data of collection with detection and the ability of predicted operation defect；And (3) are for determining the tight of detected situation
Weight degree and determining whether should send instant alarm to promote the ability of human intervention.
Summary of the invention
The present invention has a following purpose: provide for monitoring from be attached to railcar various sensors output also
Railcar and the performance of various parts thereof and the device of situation is determined based on the analysis to these data.This is with the most useful
Mode provides the necessary early warning to imminent or actual fault and to suitable to operator and the owner of train
When performance and the conventional guarantee of situation.
For monitoring for some useful performance standards such as include roller bearing temperature, carrying goods temperature,
The position of parking brake, roller bearing adapter displacement, wheel condition, lorry swing/distort/and binding, brake status and performance, negative
Load state and load capacity, whether generating unit separates rail and potential problematic track condition.
In the case of the environment of the requirement operated at given railroad train, any monitoring system must be rigidity
, reliably and can operate in long period and need seldom to safeguard or need not maintenance.Additionally, in order to cost-effective,
Should not increase significant cost and install, safeguard or operate this system.Because only existing in North America more than 1,500,000
Freight car, the system in all compartments during therefore monitoring uses is the most desired, and therefore this system is required to place
Manage larger numbers of potential device.
In one embodiment of the invention, sensing unit or device are disposed in each position around railcar
(being referred to herein as " node (mote) ").This node can include sensor, power supply, for read sensor and by reading change
Become the circuit of digital form and allow this node that sensor reading is wirelessly transmitted to the telecommunication circuit of external receiver.
In some instances, node can also have and is analyzed to determine whether the low level of data to need to propose alarm for performing
Ability and for this alarm being sent to the ability of external receiver.
Each railcar can also be equipped with communications management unit (CMU), and CMU is each with dispose on railcar
Node communicates.CMU can wirelessly collect the data from each node, and performs the high-level analysis to these data,
To detect at hand or the fault of reality.During this data analysis, heuritic approach can be applied to come based on statistics mould
Type and empirical data and determine potential fault.The result of any analysis and data can also be all sent to away from railway by CMU
The receiver in compartment.
Remote receiver may be located at other middle position on locomotive engine or on train, or can not be aboard.
Remote receiver can also be by the market demand collecting the multiple CMU on the different railcars being positioned on train
Heuritic approach and statistical model perform the high level analysis to train situation.Analysis to the data collected can divide
Perform at any event engine in different event engines in the middle of cloth all parts in the present invention, each portion described
Part includes sensor unit, CMU and mobile base station or ground base station.
Therefore, it is an object of the invention to provide comprehensive system, this system allows the wireless collection of data and to these data
Analysis, with predicted operation fault with provide sufficient early warning to these faults, for allowing to send out in catastrophic fault
Human intervention before life.
Another object is to provide the application of specific sensor, such as, can monitor all parts on railcar and article
The temperature sensor of temperature.
Discussed below describes the system in the background of freight car, however, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that,
Identical method can be applied to any rolling stock.Although additionally, explained below make freight car have two lorries (or
The train that rear axle engages) feature, but explained below can be applied to have appointing of more or less of lorry or axletree
What configuration.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the decomposition diagram of the node according to the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the cross sectional view of the node shown in Fig. 1；
Fig. 3 and 3A is the view that the node shown in Fig. 1 is assemblied on railcar bearing adapter；
Fig. 4 is to be assemblied on railcar to obtain the node being configured to temperature sensor of ambient air temperature reading
View；
Fig. 5 is the view of interchangeable temperature sensor node；
Fig. 5 A is the decomposition view of the sensor node shown in Fig. 5 with the parts for being assembled to railcar；
Fig. 5 B is the schematic views of the sensor node shown in the Fig. 5 being used together with tank railcar；And
Fig. 6 shows the schematic diagram of the communication path of the basic embodiment according to the present invention.
Detailed description of the invention
Inventionbroadly, it is provided that the novel device of performance and operation for monitoring railcar.This includes for supervising
The control system of railcar and be assemblied on railcar for the sensor being used together with described system.These sensings
Device communicates with the communications management unit being preferably mounted on railcar.Described Sensor monitoring and/or collection and railway
The data that the special parameter in compartment is relevant with situation.If be detected that problem, then can send alarm for further action.
Below with being absorbed in the illustrative sensors of monitoring temperature to describe described sensor.Followed by using described sensor
The detailed description of monitoring system.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, comprise in self-sustaining formula (self-contained) housing and dispose sensing
Device, described self-sustaining sandwich type element generally includes sensor, long-life batteries, processor plate and communication unit.As previously mentioned,
These remote units are referred to herein as " node ".Described node can be arranged to parameter to be monitored or situation, and can
To be placed in the position being selected for this monitoring aboard.
With reference to Fig. 1,2,3 and 3A, presently describe exemplary nodes 10.In this specific embodiment, node 10 is configured to
The surface of the bearing adapter 12 of railcar can be assembled to, for the temperature of monitoring wheel bearing.Node 10 has shell
Body 14, housing 14 has Part I or cap 16 and Part II or base portion 18.Preferably, housing parts 16 and 18 is by resistance to
Constituted by the duroplasts of environmental damage, such as UV level polymer, such as Merlon/ABS mixture, and housing parts 16 and 18
It is weather-proof afterwards being fully assembled.Various parts as described herein below be installed in housing 14 after, pass through shell
Opening in body 14 provides Embedding Material (not shown), to keep, to encapsulate and surround (environmentally) sealing therein
Parts.Can use any applicable can protection circuit and parts from the electrified irrigation closure material of harsh Railway Environment, wherein
When device is in operation it may happen that harsh weather, UV irradiation, humidity, vibration, mechanical collision, thermal shock and abrasion.This
Plant material and include epoxy resin, polyurethanes and silicide.Preferably flexible aethylis carbamas, is suitable for electronics and uses
Way and wireless signal of frequency to be used can be sent by it.
The sensor 20 being arranged to monitor desired parameter or situation can be assembled in housing 14, or permissible
Outside at node and be electrically connected to node.Fig. 1 and 2 shows that temperature sensor 20a, temperature sensor 20a are thermally coupled to heat biography
Defeated element 22, heat transport element 22 extends through the opening 24 in housing 14, and preferred heat transport element 22 is copper plug, such as institute
Illustrate.Heat transport element 22 is thermally coupled to sensor 20 via hot epoxy resin.This configuration is preferably used for monitor node
The surface temperature of attached article (item), this is because heat transport element 22 is by table thereon attached by contact node
Face.Preferably temperature sensor is silicon temperature sensor, and silicon temperature sensor is preferable for circuit.At the present embodiment
In, node 10, by being assembled in the heat transmission being placed between the part of railcar by copper plug 22, is wherein expected for institute
State the temperature reading of this part of railcar.If of those of ordinary skill is it will be recognized that node 10 is about sensor 20
Configuration depend on type and the type of desired data of sensor.Sensor 20 can be any kind of sensor, bag
Include such as temperature sensor, pressure transducer, load cell (load cell), stress measurement device, Hall effect transducer, shake
Dynamic sensor, accelerometer, gyroscope, displacement transducer, inductive transducer, pressure resistance type mike or ultrasonic sensor.Additionally,
Sensor can be the type of switch, including such as reed switch and limit switch.2012/0046811 is disclosed in United States Patent (USP)
(U.S. Patent application 12/861,713 that on August 23rd, 2010 submits) describes another type of use stress measurement device
The example of junction sensor (such as parking brake watch-dog sensor), disclosure disclosed in this United States Patent (USP) is incorporated in by quoting
This.
There is provided circuit 26 for the operation of node 10.Circuit 26 includes for operation and/or accepts and process self-sensing
The parts of the signal of device 10 and wiring.This can include but not limited to modulus circuit, CPU, processor, circuit board, memorizer, consolidate
Part, controller and other electronic articles, as described further below operation temperature sensor and process information required for
Like that.In the embodiment illustrated, circuit 26 and temperature sensor carry out telecommunication for receiving from temperature sensor
Signal.Two circuit boards are provided as being connected with each other via joint (header), as discussed further below as.
Circuit 26 includes mainboard 28 and daughter board 30, and mainboard 28 includes that telecommunication circuit, antenna and microprocessor, daughter board 30 include
For reading the circuit of the data from sensor 10, it is possible to perform the analog digital conversion of these data, and also merit can be included
Rate regulation circuit.Mainboard 28 can also include being enough to be used in performing the intelligence that the low level to data is analyzed, and can accept
From external source to when should send the parameter that alarm is relevant.Such as, for the node 10 shown in Fig. 1 and 2, together with temperature
Degree sensor 20 together, can be programmed for when the temperature sensed exceedes certain threshold value for some continuous print readings sending out
Go out alarm.
Mainboard 28 also includes the circuit for radio communication.Preferably, each node 10 on railcar with identical
Railcar on other node 10, and with the communications management unit being also preferably assemblied on identical railcar 38
(CMU) 32 are formed as from group (ad-hoc) mesh network (see Fig. 6).In a preferred embodiment, each node 10 is by its data
Transmit to the CMU32 being assemblied on identical railcar.The transmission of these data can directly occur, or described data can be by
Other node in mesh network forwards (relay) to arrive CMU32.It is netted that described MANET shape network is preferably used time synchronized
Agreement is formed, and the netted agreement of described time synchronized is the communication protocol of the self-organizing network for wireless device.
Node 10 also includes long-life power supply 34, preferably military rank lithium thionyl chloride cell.Daughter board 30 includes merit
Rate regulation and management circuit, and the feature for saving battery life can be included, this feature makes node 10 keep being in treating
Machine situation periodic wakeup node 10 are to transmit the reading from sensor 20.
Individual node 10 is assembled in the area of interest on railcar 38.As example, Fig. 3 and 3A shows
It is assembled to the temperature sensing node 10 of the above-mentioned type of the bearing adapter 12 of the railcar wheel bearing 39 of railcar.Can
To use thermally conductive epoxy resin binder to be attached between copper plug 22 and adapter 36 by this unit, to guarantee for temperature
Sensor and the good heat biography of the mechanical fixings (such as tapping screw etc) in node 10 is held in place by
Defeated.In this concrete example, node 10 can be attached to all 8 wheel bearing adapters of each railcar wheel 40
12.Additionally, ambient temp sensor node 10 can also be assembled on the region receiving free stream of railcar 38.Figure
4 show the node 10 for monitoring environment temperature on the car body being assemblied in rolling stock 38.This device circuit 26 obtain with
(such as bearing or the surrounding) information that temperature is relevant being monitored.Due to temperature sensor not in direct contact bearing, but directly
Connecing contact bearing adapter, therefore this device is calibrated, so that temperature reading instruction bearing temperature.This calibration considers in institute
Measure point at bearing adapter temperature (seeing Fig. 3 a) and by the other place being assemblied on railcar with sense
Survey the environment temperature (seeing Fig. 4) measured by the second temperature sensor node of environment temperature and the class with bearing adapter
The information (different models is of different sizes and configures) that type is relevant.Suitable test can be utilized to research and develop such as calibrate
The calibration information being used for being used by circuit 26 of algorithm etc.The bearing temperature information constituting various alarm condition can also be carried
Supply circuit 26, is preferably stored on circuit 26, and this allows device 10 monitor bearing temperature and come really based on environment temperature
Determine bearing temperature and take desired action.On typical railcar 38, eight sensors 10, (each wheel will be there is
At 40) there is a sensor 10 on each bearing adapter 12, and a sensor 10 is placed for measuring temperature around
Degree.When environment temperature is sent to CMU, CMU this information of the sensor requirements at bearing adapter by ambient temp sensor 10
Provide this information to the sensor at bearing adapter.This determines bearing temperature by allowing the sensor 10 at bearing adapter 12
Spend and then determine whether to need further action, such as, transmitting heat alert.Additionally, between for device 10 and CMU 32
Communication, the preferably netted agreement of time synchronized, i.e. for the communication protocol of the self-organizing network of wireless device.
Show interchangeable temperature sensor node 10 with reference to Fig. 5,5A and 5B, illustrated therein is for monitoring and node
The node 10 of the temperature of the part of the railcar that the housing 14 of 10 is spaced.For example, it may be desired to by monitoring bin or
The temperature of chamber wall monitors the temperature of the goods being stored in bin or the temperature of container inside, but above-mentioned being used for is straight
The node 10 receiving surface to be monitored is unaccommodated.Here it is considered that node 10 constructs in the same manner as described above, except temperature
Degree sensor 20 is positioned at the detector 48 being spaced with housing 14.Temperature sensor 20 is positioned at and is electrically attached to housing via line 52
In the sensor detector head 50 of 14.50 are preferably had annular by what the heat conducting material of such as rustless steel etc was constituted
The cylinder of head body 54.The temperature sensor 20 being electrically attached to electric connector 58a fits in a body opening 56.Have at center
The toroidal magnet 60 of opening fits in around sensor 20 in 50.Thermally conductive epoxy resin or other Embedding Material being suitable for
Magnet 60 and temperature sensor 20 are sealed in body 50, and guarantee the good Heat transmission for sensor 20.It is right to be connected to
Temperature sensor 20 is connected to node shell 14 via line 52 by the corresponding electric power connector 58b of the adapter 58a answered, described
The cable 62 of the most flexible coating PVC of line 52.In order to help to assemble this housing 14, it is provided that silicone gasket 64, metal fill
Matching board 66 and housing silicon assembling packing ring 68.Node 10 monitors cargo temperature constantly, and is meeting such as fast temperature change, surpassing
Give a warning during the specific criteria of excess temperature threshold value etc..
As this device and the example of the method installing this device, as in the fluid storage representing tank car railway carriage or compartment 38
Shown in Fig. 5 B of tank 70, there is the temperature nodes 10 of the detector 48 separated and can be used for monitoring be there is outer housing
The temperature of the liquid 72 of storage in the tank 72 on tank car railway carriage or compartment 38 that the relatively thicker collet 74 of 80 covers.Here it is possible to
To set 74 in cut diameter be about 2 " little opening 76, to allow detector head 50 to utilize thermally conductive epoxy resin to be attached to
The clean outer surface 78 of bin 70.It is suitable that magnet 60 in 50 helps to make detector 48 be maintained at when epoxy resin cure
When in position.The housing 14 of node 10 is assemblied on the outside of shroud 80, and connects to the end 50 via cable 62, if required
Within words cable 62 can be coiled to fit in opening 76.In order to housing 14 being attached to shroud 80, silicone gasket 64 by against
Shroud 80 and be placed on opening 76, followed by metal mounting plate 66, followed by silicone gasket 68, packing ring 64 and 68 ensure that housing
14 pairs of shrouds 80 good Weather sealed.Metal mounting plate 60 is by with screw or be bolted to shroud 80, and node
Housing 14 is utilized screw 82 and screw is fixed to buck plate 66.The calibration of node circuit ensure that the liquid 72 in bin 70
Accurate temperature reading, and can use from another sensor 10 monitoring environment temperature to calculate accurate temperature read
Number.
In order to transmit the data collected by node 10, each node and the CMU 32 being assemblied on railcar 38 carry out double
To communication, CMU 32 collects the data from each node, and can send instruction to node, as shown in Figure 6.As aforementioned
, each node 10 and CMU 32 being connected to identical railcar 38 defines local MANET shape network, in order to be beneficial to
It is connected to the communication between each node 10 and CMU 32 of identical railcar 38.Word " telecommunication management as used herein
Unit " or " CMU " meaning be to be able to receive that from the data of one or more nodes 10 and/or alarm can be to remotely reception
Machine sends data and any device of warning information.CMU 32 preferably will act as to the communication link of other position (all
Such as mobile base station 42 (such as locomotive engine 46), base station based on ground 44 etc.) individual unit, and have himself circuit,
CPU, processor, memorizer, power supply etc. are for processing the data received.In a preferred embodiment, CMU 32 can also and ferrum
On bus railway carriage or compartment 38, node 10 communicates, and controls and monitors node 10 on railcar 38.
CMU 32 can use the data collected from multiple nodes 10 to perform advanced data analysis, and can apply and opens
Hairdo algorithm is reached a conclusion based on this analysis.Table below comprises the high-level of the corresponding heuritic approach in order to analytical data
Description and the example of type of junction sensor 10.
As shown in Figure 6, CMU 32 also transmits data and alarm to remote location, described remote location or be positioned at train
The mobile base station 42 of upper (typically in locomotive engine), or static, base station 44 based on ground, or both.
Data and/or alarm can be forwarded to mobile base station 42 from base station 44 based on ground.CMU 32 can be permanent with mobile base station 42
Surely carrying out radio communication or wire communication, mobile base station 42 can be via cellular network, via satellite or via any quantity
Other well-known mode communicate with base station 44 based on ground.
The data collected from node 10 can be sent to base station 44 for analyzing and further action.In upper table
The heuritic approach illustrated can be performed by mobile base station 42 or base station based on ground 44.Additionally, station 42,44 all can utilize
Train scope heuritic approach predicts fault or the trend of location train scope of train scope, and single CMU 32 may not
Can utilize and be only from the data of single railcar 38 and do so.
When warning being detected, preferably warning is sent to the display in locomotive engine 46 or at base station based on ground 44
Unit.The display unit of any typical type that will be assemblied in mobile base station 42 (such as in locomotive engine) can be used.This
In field, known communicator communicates with base station 44 via satellite, and display unit shows police to locomotive engine engineer
Accuse.The warning come in can occur over the display, and with can audible alarm, this alarm must be by driver certifying and taking
Disappear.Each type of warning with based on concrete railway network, when warning occurs, locomotive engine driver should take
The behavior recommended.The action that locomotive engine driver is to be taked changes based on the seriousness alerted.Can also be via e-mail
Send warning and maybe warning is published to website.
Locomotive engine alert threshold is set to time critical value and would potentially result in too much parking and delay.Therefore, select
Alert message, so that only sending the message that can cause action, it means that the most only to locomotive engine work people to locomotive engine 46
Member sends those needs staff to take the Alert Level of action.Additionally, in addition to needs train stops on train-line,
Some warnings can be processed by being properly positioned operation restriction.For example, it is possible to the Alert Level behaviour to train of layering
Arrange speed to limit so that train will be allowed to proceed to side line or other suitable stop, thus allow other vehicle to exist
Continue on train-line, and there is no delay or the cost of exception.But, still can monitor low level (rank 1/ at base station 44
Stage 1) warning, although tiring out to make the trend event about would indicate that the most urgent but imminent problem and/or temperature
The determination violated.
As operation example, it is considered to the monitoring to wheel bearing.Target is the bearing in monitoring operating, therefore works as railcar
The data collected when railway carriage or compartment 38 is inoperative are nonsensical to the situation determining bearing.Information is not provided in order to save power restriction
Temperature information, can suppress data when railcar does not moves.Therefore, during data are merely stored in CMU 32 and be found to have use
Base station 42,44 is transmitted data to during data.Three kinds of situations of definable " concern " or " useful " data include:
1. " difference situation " event；
2. " projecting situation " event；And
3. " node temperature is abnormal ".
When difference at any axletree two ends is more than or equal to particular variables, existDifference situationEvent.
When any bearing temperature ratio is when exceeding particular constant from the value of environment temperature node report, occurProjecting situation
Event.
Although when but other passage collects data the time period bearing that have passed through correspondence or around the most well
When any data channel does not report effective temperature, occurNode temperature is abnormal.Postpone permission system and have from possible communication wrong
The chance by mistake recovered.Even if should have collected complete data set and one or more passage losing data, CMU 32
Also collect continuing and preserve the temperature from other bearing.
Record stop before by see all temperature datas converge to around (train stops) confirm that data press down
System.The temperature dissipated shows that bearing generates heat the most again and train has started to mobile.
The alarm of classification and responseThese are alarm and the example of suitable response of various rank based on seriousness:
First stage: " Bearing Temperature Alarm "
-is only reported to the police in base station
-recommend and recidivist's identification for trend
Second stage: " axletree difference alarm ": be any bearing situation of scheduled volume hotter than its axle mate.
-action: make train stop, checks the axle journal of warning bearing.Search this bearing just " leaving " axletree, lubricating oil just by
Any sign that cleaning or this bearing have been damaged.
-advance with the maximal rate of predetermined reduction, until receiving second stage in locomotive engine end, " alarm is clear
Remove " message.
If-receive second stage " alarm removing " message in locomotive engine end, the most normally advance.
Phase III: " projecting alarm ": be when any bearing is in the temperature than the highest scheduled volume.
-action: make train stop, checks the axle journal of warning bearing.Search this bearing just " leaving " axletree, lubricating oil just by
Any sign that cleaning or this bearing have been damaged.
-advance with the maximal rate of predetermined reduction, until receiving the phase III in locomotive engine end, " alarm is clear
Remove " message, can improve speed at this point.
If-alert message is not removed, then can select shed in suitable anchor point and change bearing, otherwise need fall
Low velocity reduces arachnoid axle journal or the probability of catastrophic bearing fault.
If-receive second stage and phase III " alarm removing " message in locomotive engine end, the most normally
Advance.
Fourth stage: " critical alarm ": this is the absolute system arranged at predetermined bearing temperature.
-action: make train stop, shed bearing.
Advanced algorithm: the improvement to alarm can be carried out based on the statistical model of bearing temperature performance.Lower part is detailed
Carefully describing the example to the improvement that available data is analyzed, described data analysis is to be in about identification to process for demoting/become
Bearing on " audit listing " of gesture situation.
The algorithm of second level: the algorithm of second level uses when railcar is being close in before this analysis one period of day
When moving during the phase, at the temperature data of collection per minute.In for identical bearing following five standard at least
Four labeled time, can send to user and alert with scheduling for the maintenance of this bearing.
Standard 1: peakology: the percentage ratio of the bearing temperature value more than predetermined value is counted.
For each bearing, the quantity of the temperature reading occurred on predetermined value is counted
The bearing of any temperature value more than predetermined value with certain percentage ratio of labelling
Standard 2: projecting analysis: the percentage ratio of the bearing temperature value of the projecting value more than definition is carried out
Counting
For each bearing, the quantity of the temperature reading occurred on the projecting value of definition is counted
The bearing of the temperature value of any threshold value more than described definition with certain percentage ratio of labelling
Standard 3: with the analysis of lorry meansigma methods deviation apart: calculate average bearing temperature and and the goods of each bearing
The standard deviation of each bearing that the meansigma methods of the bearing temperature of the remainder of car is compared
Calculate for each bearing mean temperature in time range and lorry meansigma methods
Calculate each bearing temperature and lorry meansigma methods standard deviation apart
Any bearing with certain standard deviation of labelling
Standard 4: with the analysis of fleet meansigma methods deviation apart: calculate average bearing temperature and its remaining part with fleet
The standard deviation of each bearing that the meansigma methods of the bearing temperature divided is compared
Calculate for each bearing mean temperature in time range and fleet's meansigma methods
Calculate each bearing temperature and fleet's meansigma methods standard deviation apart
Any bearing with certain standard deviation of labelling
Standard 5: heating change rate analysis: the percentage ratio of the operating time that calculation bearing is rapidly heated
Calculate the linear fit of the moving window to temperature data
The slope of linear fit is counted higher than the quantity of the example in place of certain threshold value
Any bearing having more than a certain amount of operating time of labelling, the described operating time has the line more than threshold value
Property fit slope
The algorithm of third level: the algorithm of second level uses and moved elder generation before railcar is close in this analysis
At the temperature data of collection per minute when front 30 days.When at least four in five standards, bearing is ordered in
Time in the highest 5 percent, send to user and alert to dispatch the maintenance for this bearing.
Standard 1: peakology: the percentage ratio of the bearing temperature value more than predetermined value is counted
For each bearing, the quantity of the temperature reading occurred on predetermined value is counted
This bearing is ranked up by the ranking list together with the remainder of fleet
The bearing of the highest percentage ratio in labelling fleet
Standard 2: projecting analysis: the percentage ratio of the bearing temperature value of the projecting value more than definition is carried out
Counting
For each bearing, the quantity of the temperature reading occurred on the projecting value of definition is counted
Bearing is ranked up by the ranking list together with the remainder of fleet
The bearing of the highest percentage ratio in labelling fleet
Standard 3: with the analysis of lorry meansigma methods deviation apart: calculate average bearing temperature and each bearing and lorry
The standard deviation that the meansigma methods of the bearing temperature of remainder is compared
Calculate for each bearing mean temperature in time range and lorry meansigma methods
Calculate each bearing temperature and lorry meansigma methods standard deviation apart
Bearing is ranked up by the ranking list together with the remainder of fleet
The bearing of the highest percentage ratio in labelling fleet
Standard 4: with the analysis of fleet meansigma methods deviation apart: calculate average bearing temperature and each bearing and fleet
The standard deviation that the meansigma methods of the bearing temperature of remainder is compared
Calculate for each bearing mean temperature in time range and fleet's meansigma methods
Calculate each bearing temperature and fleet's meansigma methods standard deviation apart
Bearing is ranked up by the ranking list together with the remainder of fleet
The bearing of the highest percentage ratio in labelling fleet
Standard 5: heating change rate analysis: the percentage ratio of the operating time that calculation bearing is rapidly heated
Calculate the linear fit of the moving window to temperature data
The slope of linear fit is counted more than the quantity of the example in place of certain threshold value
Bearing is ranked up by the ranking list together with the remainder of fleet
The bearing of the highest percentage ratio in labelling fleet
In another alternative embodiment of the present invention, one or more nodes may be accommodated in replaceable housing,
Or be built among railcar self.In one such embodiment, node can be built into and United States Patent (USP) 7,
698,962 and 7, in the form of the adapter pad that type shown in 688,218 is similar, described United States Patent (USP) 7,698,962
With 7, the disclosure both 688,218 is incorporated herein by reference, and described disclosure can be modified to for this
Bright it is used together.
In the background of various examples, describe various embodiments of the present invention, but the present invention has been not intended as appointing
Where formula is defined.Recognize as those skilled in the art, many realization sides within the scope of the present invention can be deposited
Formula, as describe in the following claims.
Claims (50)
1. for monitoring a device for the temperature on railcar, including:
The housing on railcar can be assemblied in；
Temperature sensor；
Circuit, communicates to described temperature sensor for obtaining the information relevant with being sensed of temperature, described circuit position
In described housing；
Power supply, is electrically connected to described circuit, and for providing electric power to described circuit, described power supply is positioned at described housing；And
Communicator, it is possible to broadcasting the information relevant to the temperature sensed, described communicator is positioned at described housing.
Supervising device the most according to claim 1, wherein said temperature sensor is positioned at described housing.
Supervising device the most according to claim 1, wherein said temperature sensor is in described hull outside, and via cable
Telecommunication is carried out with described circuit.
Supervising device the most according to claim 3, is additionally included in the detector of described hull outside, and described detector
Including described temperature sensor and magnet, described magnet be positioned for magnetically attracting described detector will be placed institute against
The part of described railcar.
5. a system for the temperature regime for monitoring and report on railcar, including:
Described railcar；
As described in the appended claim 1 for monitoring the sensor device of temperature, described device is assembled to described railcar, and
The described temperature sensor of described device is positioned at the position of the desired temperature monitored on described railcar；And
One or more radio communications that carry out in communications management unit CMU, with described sensing device are to receive from described sense
Surveying the one or more information in device, described CMU has radio communication device, relevant to monitored temperature for broadcast
Information.
System the most according to claim 5, wherein said system can be come based on the data collected by described sensing device
Determine alarm condition.
System the most according to claim 6, wherein said sensor device is attached to the bearing adapter of railcar,
To monitor the temperature of bearing, the described temperature sensor of described device and described adapter carry out heat transmission, described suitable to sense
The temperature of orchestration.
System the most according to claim 7, also include being assemblied on described railcar for monitoring environment temperature
Sensor device described in second, wherein said system uses from the data of said two temperature device for determining described axle
The temperature held.
System the most according to claim 6, the described temperature sensor of wherein said device and the portion of described railcar
Dividing and carry out heat transmission, to sense the temperature of the part of described railcar, the described housing of described device is assembled in described ferrum
On bus railway carriage or compartment, away from described temperature sensor, and it is connected to described temperature sensor by the line of described hull outside.
10. for monitoring a system for railcar, including:
Described railcar；
Multiple sensor devices, are positioned on described railcar, for monitoring parameter or the situation of described railcar；
The plurality of sensor device includes at least one temp sensor device, and at least one temp sensor device described has
Have:
Temperature sensor, carries out heat transmission with monitored article；
Housing；
Circuit, communicates with described temperature sensor, for obtaining the information relevant to being sensed of temperature, described circuit position
In described housing；
Power supply, is electrically connected to described circuit and provides electric power for described circuit, and described power supply is positioned at described housing；
Communicator, it is possible to broadcast the information relevant to the temperature sensed via radio communication, described communicator is positioned at
In described housing；And
Communications management unit CMU, is assemblied on described railcar, it is possible to carry out with each in the plurality of sensor device
Two-way wireless communication, for receiving from each information in the plurality of sensor device, described CMU has channel radio
T unit, for the information that broadcast is relevant to monitored parameter or situation.
11. systems according to claim 10, one in wherein said temp sensor device is mounted to axletree
The bearing adapter held, to monitor the temperature of described bearing adapter, described system is calibrated to determine described wheel bearing
Temperature.
12. systems according to claim 10, wherein said multiple sensor devices include the second temp sensor device.
13. systems according to claim 10, wherein said multiple sensor devices include monitoring described railcar
Parameter in addition to temperature or the sensor device of situation.
14. systems according to claim 10, wherein said system can sense unit based on by the one or more
Collected data determine alarm condition.
15. systems according to claim 10, wherein can be by described CMU or the plurality of sensor device
In at least one make the described of alarm condition determine based on the data collected by the one or more sensing device.
16. systems according to claim 10, each in wherein said multiple sensing devices can be with the plurality of sense
Survey other sensing device in device and described CMU exchanges data.
17. 1 kinds of systems being used for monitoring the operation of railcar, including:
The most one or more sensing unit, are assemblied on described railcar, the described railway of each monitoring of described sensing unit
The operating parameter in compartment；And
B. communications management unit, carries out radio communication with the one or more sensing unit；
Wherein said system can determine alarm condition based on the data collected by the one or more sensing unit.
18. systems according to claim 17, wherein can be made alarm condition by described sensing unit
Described determine.
19. systems according to claim 17, wherein can be by described communications management unit based on by one or many
The data that individual sensing unit is collected are made the described of alarm condition and are determined.
20. systems according to claim 17, wherein said communications management unit is by feeling from the one or more
The market demand heuritic approach that survey unit is collected is made the described of alarm condition and is determined.
21. systems according to claim 17, the most each described sensing unit includes:
A. sensor；
B. power supply；
C. processor；
D. memorizer；
E. telecommunication circuit；And
F. software, storage in which memory, and is performed by described processor, and described software performs at periodic time intervals
Function from described sensor collection data.
22. systems according to claim 21, wherein said software also performs following functions:
The data that assessment is collected, to determine whether there is alarm condition；And
Via described telecommunication circuit, described alarm condition is sent to described communications management unit.
23. systems according to claim 21, the most each described sensing unit is felt with other via described telecommunication circuit
Survey unit and described communications management unit exchange data.
24. systems according to claim 17, wherein said one or more sensing unit and described communications management unit
Mutually carry out radio communication and form LAN.
25. systems according to claim 24, wherein said LAN is to run the netted agreement of time synchronized to be conducive to
The mesh network of the communication between mesh network.
26. systems according to claim 17, wherein said communications management unit and the communication tube on other railcar
Reason unit carries out radio communication, and forms wide area network.
27. systems according to claim 17, also include base unit, described base unit and described communications management unit
Carry out radio communication, described base unit execution following functions:
A. data and alarm are collected from described communications management unit；
B. the alarm condition proposed by described communications management unit is shown；And
C. high level alarm is determined based on the data collected from described communications management unit and alarm.
28. systems according to claim 27, wherein said base unit and multiple communications management units carry out channel radio
Letter.
29. systems according to claim 28, wherein said base unit is based on from one or more communications management units
Alarm and the data collected and use distributed event to process and perform trend analysis, high level to determine whether to propose
Alarm.
30. systems according to claim 28, heuritic approach is applied to from one by wherein said base unit
Or the data that multiple communication unit is collected, to determine whether to propose high level alarm.
31. systems according to claim 30, wherein said base unit and the one or more communications management unit
It is in communication with each other via satellite communication capabilities or cellular network ability.
32. systems according to claim 17, wherein said sensor is selected from substantially including temperature sensor, pressure sensing
Device, strain gauge, load cell, parking brake position sensor, magnetic sensor, vibrating sensor, gyroscope, acceleration
Degree sensor, Hall effect transducer, pressure resistance type mike and the group of switch.
33. systems according to claim 17, wherein data and alarm can be from the one or more telecommunication management lists
The base unit that unit is forwarded on train via base unit the most aboard.
34. systems according to claim 17, wherein use distributed event to process system based on current data Yu performance
Meter model between relatively determine described alarm.
35. systems according to claim 17, wherein data based on current collection relative to predetermined in the first time
In section, the data of collection relatively determines described alarm.
36. systems according to claim 17, wherein based on the one or more proposition alarms in following standard:
The current data reading of the most predetermined percentage ratio is beyond the peakreading that can allow；
The current data reading of the most predetermined percentage ratio is beyond determining value；
The current data reading of the most predetermined percentage ratio and the reading from identical railcar are at a distance of beyond standard deviation；
The current data reading of the most predetermined percentage ratio with from all railcars in fleet at a distance of beyond standard deviation；Or
E. the rate of change of current data reading exceeds predetermined threshold.
The method of 37. 1 kinds of performance characteristices monitoring railcar, comprises the following steps:
A. the one or more sensing unit from described railcar receive the data relevant to described performance characteristic or process
After information, the performance characteristic of railcar described in described sensing unit monitors；
B. heuritic approach is applied to the data of described reception, to determine the deviation away from nominal operation situation；
C. severity levels is distributed to the described deviation away from nominal operation situation；And
D. severity levels based on described distribution and determine alarm condition.
38. according to the method described in claim 37, also includes that foundation and the one or more remote sensing units carry out nothing
The initial step of line communication.
39. according to the method described in claim 38, and wherein said one or more remote sensing units form mesh network.
40. according to the method described in claim 38, and wherein step a to d is held by the processing unit being positioned on described railcar
OK.
41. methods according to claim 40, the described processing unit being wherein positioned on described railcar is described net
A part for shape network.
42. according to the method described in claim 38, also includes being sent to away from described railcar described alarm condition
The step of position.
43., according to the method described in claim 38, also include the described number that will receive from the one or more sensing unit
Step according to the position being sent to away from described railcar.
44. according to the method described in claim 38, further comprising the steps of:
A. the data from multiple railcars are received；
B. heuritic approach is applied to the data of described reception, to determine the deviation away from nominal operation situation；
C. severity levels is distributed to the described deviation away from nominal operation situation；
D. severity levels based on described distribution and determine alarm condition；
E. the display unit alarm of described proposition being sent on train, wherein said multiple railcars are described trains
A part.
45. methods according to claim 42, further comprising the steps of:
A. the course of action of recommendation is determined based on described alarm condition；And
B. the display unit being sent on train by the course of action of described recommendation, wherein said railcar is described train
A part.
46. methods according to claim 1, wherein said one or more distance sensors are temperature sensors.
The method of the temperature of 47. 1 kinds of expectation parts monitoring railcar, including:
A () utilizes the part in addition to expectation part with railcar to carry out the temperature sensor of heat transmission to sense railway
The temperature of the described part in addition to expectation part in compartment；
B () utilizes the temperature of sensing in step (a) to determine the temperature of expectation part；
C () determines that the temperature of described expectation part is whether outside receptible temperature range；And
If d () determines that in step (c) temperature of expectation part outside receptible scope, then sends alarm.
The method of the temperature of the expectation part of 48. monitoring railcars according to claim 47, also includes determining around
The step of the temperature of air, uses the temperature of described surrounding air in the determination of step (b).
The method of the temperature of the expectation part of 49. monitoring railcars according to claim 47, wherein step (a) is extremely
D () is to be performed by the individual unit being attached to described railcar.
50. according to the method described in claim 37, and wherein step (a) to (d) can be distributed in described sensor unit, lead to
Believe and perform at the different event engine in the middle of at least two in administrative unit and mobile base station or ground base station.
Applications Claiming Priority (5)
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|---|---|---|---|
| US201261661661P | 2012-06-19 | 2012-06-19 | |
| US61/661,661 | 2012-06-19 | ||
| US13/842,427 | 2013-03-15 | ||
| US13/842,427 US9365223B2 (en) | 2010-08-23 | 2013-03-15 | System and method for monitoring railcar performance |
| PCT/IB2013/003267 WO2015025188A2 (en) | 2012-06-19 | 2013-06-14 | System and method for monitoring railcar performance |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN105916753A true CN105916753A (en) | 2016-08-31 |
| CN105916753B CN105916753B (en) | 2018-06-19 |
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| CN201380032404.2A Active CN105916753B (en) | 2012-06-19 | 2013-06-14 | For monitoring the system and method for railcar performance |
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| CN (1) | CN105916753B (en) |
| AU (1) | AU2013394346B2 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2884858C (en) |
| MX (1) | MX353089B (en) |
| RU (1) | RU2613188C2 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2015025188A2 (en) |
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| CN109715452A (en) * | 2016-09-16 | 2019-05-03 | 纳博特斯克有限公司 | Train and column Vehicular brake control apparatus |
| CN110723171A (en) * | 2019-10-25 | 2020-01-24 | 中国人民武装警察部队海警学院 | High-speed rail security system and application |
| CN111295322A (en) * | 2017-10-30 | 2020-06-16 | 科路实有限责任公司 | Electronic processing apparatus and method for installing electronic processing apparatus |
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| US9718486B1 (en) | 2016-02-01 | 2017-08-01 | Electro-Motive Diesel, Inc. | System for analyzing health of train |
| CN108152060A (en) * | 2017-12-26 | 2018-06-12 | 中车成都机车车辆有限公司 | A kind of railway vehicle overhaul networking testing equipment and method |
| WO2019180481A1 (en) * | 2018-03-19 | 2019-09-26 | Ecm Spa | A monitoring system for acquiring, processing and transmitting operating data of a bogie and bogie comprising said system |
| US11014586B2 (en) * | 2018-09-14 | 2021-05-25 | Aktiebolaget Skf | Method of linking alarm data from physically disassociated wireless sensors to a train in motion |
| WO2020198801A1 (en) * | 2019-04-04 | 2020-10-08 | Colin Cole | System and method for monitoring a plurality of vehicle or infrastructure components |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
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| RU2015101174A (en) | 2016-08-10 |
| AU2013394346A1 (en) | 2015-03-19 |
| AU2013394346B2 (en) | 2016-02-04 |
| MX2014015752A (en) | 2015-09-10 |
| CN105916753B (en) | 2018-06-19 |
| WO2015025188A3 (en) | 2015-07-30 |
| CA2884858C (en) | 2018-12-04 |
| WO2015025188A2 (en) | 2015-02-26 |
| RU2613188C2 (en) | 2017-03-15 |
| CA2884858A1 (en) | 2015-02-26 |
| MX353089B (en) | 2017-12-19 |
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