CN105915038A - 一种电压源换流器过负荷限电流方法 - Google Patents

一种电压源换流器过负荷限电流方法 Download PDF

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CN105915038A
CN105915038A CN201610219293.1A CN201610219293A CN105915038A CN 105915038 A CN105915038 A CN 105915038A CN 201610219293 A CN201610219293 A CN 201610219293A CN 105915038 A CN105915038 A CN 105915038A
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power
instruction
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pole
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CN105915038B (zh
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胡兆庆
董云龙
卢宇
李海英
曹冬明
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NR Electric Co Ltd
NR Engineering Co Ltd
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NR Engineering Co Ltd
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Priority to BR112018068136-9A priority patent/BR112018068136B1/pt
Priority to EA201891757A priority patent/EA035321B1/ru
Priority to US16/081,437 priority patent/US10270332B2/en
Priority to KR1020187025608A priority patent/KR102084345B1/ko
Priority to PCT/CN2017/079636 priority patent/WO2017174015A1/zh
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05F—SYSTEMS FOR REGULATING ELECTRIC OR MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G05F1/00—Automatic systems in which deviations of an electric quantity from one or more predetermined values are detected at the output of the system and fed back to a device within the system to restore the detected quantity to its predetermined value or values, i.e. retroactive systems
    • G05F1/66—Regulating electric power
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05F—SYSTEMS FOR REGULATING ELECTRIC OR MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G05F1/00—Automatic systems in which deviations of an electric quantity from one or more predetermined values are detected at the output of the system and fed back to a device within the system to restore the detected quantity to its predetermined value or values, i.e. retroactive systems
    • G05F1/70—Regulating power factor; Regulating reactive current or power
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H5/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal non-electric working conditions with or without subsequent reconnection
    • H02H5/04—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal non-electric working conditions with or without subsequent reconnection responsive to abnormal temperature
    • H02H5/041—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal non-electric working conditions with or without subsequent reconnection responsive to abnormal temperature additionally responsive to excess current
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H7/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
    • H02H7/10—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers
    • H02H7/12—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers for static converters or rectifiers
    • H02H7/1216—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers for static converters or rectifiers for AC-AC converters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H9/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection
    • H02H9/001—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection limiting speed of change of electric quantities, e.g. soft switching on or off
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/18—Arrangements for adjusting, eliminating or compensating reactive power in networks
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/36—Arrangements for transfer of electric power between ac networks via a high-tension dc link
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/32—Means for protecting converters other than automatic disconnection
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M5/00—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases
    • H02M5/40—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc
    • H02M5/42—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc by static converters
    • H02M5/44—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices to convert the intermediate dc into ac
    • H02M5/453—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices to convert the intermediate dc into ac using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M5/458—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices to convert the intermediate dc into ac using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M5/4585—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices to convert the intermediate dc into ac using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having a rectifier with controlled elements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/483—Converters with outputs that each can have more than two voltages levels
    • H02M7/4835—Converters with outputs that each can have more than two voltages levels comprising two or more cells, each including a switchable capacitor, the capacitors having a nominal charge voltage which corresponds to a given fraction of the input voltage, and the capacitors being selectively connected in series to determine the instantaneous output voltage
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R21/00—Arrangements for measuring electric power or power factor
    • G01R21/001—Measuring real or reactive component; Measuring apparent energy
    • G01R21/002—Measuring real component
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R21/00—Arrangements for measuring electric power or power factor
    • G01R21/001—Measuring real or reactive component; Measuring apparent energy
    • G01R21/003—Measuring reactive component
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/0003—Details of control, feedback or regulation circuits
    • H02M1/0012—Control circuits using digital or numerical techniques
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/0003—Details of control, feedback or regulation circuits
    • H02M1/0025—Arrangements for modifying reference values, feedback values or error values in the control loop of a converter
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/32—Means for protecting converters other than automatic disconnection
    • H02M1/327—Means for protecting converters other than automatic disconnection against abnormal temperatures
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E40/00—Technologies for an efficient electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
    • Y02E40/30—Reactive power compensation
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/60—Arrangements for transfer of electric power between AC networks or generators via a high voltage DC link [HVCD]

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Abstract

本发明涉及一种电压源换流器过负荷限电流方法。电压源型换流器应用在柔性直流输电系统中单极或者双极拓扑中，极控制系统收到水冷过负荷限制电流指令时，按照指定斜率同时改变有功和无功指令，使得换流器的桥臂电流绝对值按照固定的斜率下降，并且可以保证有功和无功同时降到0，实现通过降桥臂电流方式达到换流器水冷限负荷目标，在极控制系统收到的水冷过负荷限制功率指令解除后，有功和无功保持当前数值不变，下次收到水冷过负荷限制功率指令后继续在当前的功率数值基础上继续下降，直到下降到0功率为止，本方法在电压源型单极或者双极拓扑中实现水冷过负荷限制功率功能，保证换流阀过负荷时安全运行，操作过程简单可靠，易于实现。

Description

一种电压源换流器过负荷限电流方法
技术领域
本发明属于直流输电领域，特别涉及一种电压源换流器过负荷限电流方法。
背景技术
柔性直流输电采用电压源换流器，可以独立调节有功和无功的传输、提高交流系统的输电能力，易于构成多端直流输电系统，在可再生能源的发电并网、孤岛城市供电以及交流系统互联等应用领域，具有明显的竞争力。
目前柔性直流输电电压源换流器拓扑多采用模块化多电平(modularmulti-level converter)技术，换流器正常工作状态下六个桥臂通过电流，以及模块自身开关器件开通关断引起热损耗，需要一定水冷冷却容量降低温度，保证模块正常工作，但如果水冷容量不足情况下，会引起阀出水水温过高导致系统无法正常工作，此时水冷控制系统检测水温过高会预先给上位机控制系统发送水冷过负荷限制电流指令。
目前上位机收到水冷过负荷限制电流指令后，处理方式可以一般可以采用降低运行直流电流方式，或者采用动态电流限幅控制方式，前者多用于电流源型传统直流输电方式，后者属于内环电流限制，多用于暂态电流限制，在电压源换流器过负荷限电流时都有一定应用的局限性，因为电压源换流器的桥臂电流不仅包括有功成分，同时也包括无功电流成分，仅仅在降低直流电流后不能完全满足过负荷限制桥臂电流目标，暂态电流限制具有较快响应速度，一般用于暂态控制，不适合过负荷时要求的电流限制要求。本文提出的方法适用于单极或者双极拓扑电压源型换流器的过负荷限制。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种电压源换流器过负荷限电流方法。该方法应用在柔性直流输电系统中单极或者双极拓扑中，极控制系统收到水冷过负荷限制电流指令时，按照指定斜率改变有功和无功指令，使得换流器的桥臂电流绝对值按照固定的斜率下降，并且可以保证有功和无功同时降到0，实现通过降桥臂电流方式达到换流器水冷限负荷目标，保证换流阀过负荷时安全运行。
为了达成上述目的，本发明的解决方案是：
上层控制主机收到水冷过负荷限制电流指令时，通过同时按照指定斜率同时改变有功和无功指令，使得换流器的桥臂电流绝对值按照固定的斜率下降，功率下降过程中，有功指令和无功指令按照斜率变化方法如下：
有功指令为：
Pr e f = s i g ( P 0 ) | ( P 0 ± ∫ 0 t ( R A M P _ P ) d t ) |
P0为水冷限负荷前换流器输出有功功率，sig(P0)表示取初始有功功率的正负符号，RAMP_P为正的数值，表示斜率，一般取一个正的常数，表示每分钟多少MW，±取正或者负由初始有功功率P0的正负决定，如果初始有功功率P0>0，取负，如果初始有功功率P0<0，取正，无功指令变化将按照初始有功和无功的比例以固定斜率改变指令大小。
无功指令变化为：
Q r e f = Q 0 | ( P 0 &PlusMinus; &Integral; 0 t ( R A M P _ P ) d t P 0 ) |
按照这种方式改变过负荷限制极有功和无功，可以保证桥臂电流按照斜率均匀下降变化，用于消除因为桥臂电流引起压源换流器损耗发热导致水冷却容量不足引起换流器过载现象。
以上所述电压源换流器过负荷限电流方法，有功指令变化和无功指令变化是相互独立的，可以按照上述方式同时降有功和无功，也可以不改变本站无功指令，仅仅改变有功指令。
以上所述电压源换流器过负荷限电流方法，在有功功率控制站收到水冷过负荷限制电流指令，按照上述有功和无功指令变化修改自身指令，直流电压控制站收到水冷过负荷限制电流指令，通过站间通讯向对站请求发送降有功指令，同时改变本站无功指令，功率控制站收到对站请求降功率指令，按照上述方式改变有功指令，但并不改变本站无功指令，
以上所述电压源换流器过负荷限电流方法，在上层控制主机收到的水冷过负荷限制功率指令解除后，有功和无功保持当前数值不变，手动重新输入新的功率变化斜率和功率指令数值，有功或者无功将按照新的变化斜率升降到新的功率指令大小，下次收到水冷过负荷限制功率指令后继续在当前的功率数值基础上继续下降，只到下降到0功率为止；
以上所述电压源换流器过负荷限电流方法，在双极拓扑结构中，一个极过负荷受限后单独改变自身的有功功率和无功功率，另外一个极的有功功率和无功功率根据运行需要调整，有功跟随功率受限的极的大小同样变化，或者保持按总的有功不变的原则，用总的有功指令减去受限制极的实测有功数值；无功功率按保持总的无功不变的原则，用总的无功指令减去受限制极的实测无功数值，作为另外一极的无功指令。
以上所述电压源换流器过负荷限电流方法应用在双极拓扑结构中时，如果双极拓扑结构采用金属回线运行方式时，当一个极由于过负荷受限后单独改变本极有功和无功，另外一个极保持总的有功和无功不变的方法是，让过负荷受限制的极切换到单极功率控制，含义是该极功率按照权利1所述方式，单独改变自身有功功率以及无功指令，另外一个极则保持控制方式不变，通过通讯方式得到过负荷限制一极的实测有功和无功数值，用总的有功和无功指令减去受限制极的有功和无功数值，作为不受限制极的有功和无功指令。
以上所述电压源换流器过负荷限电流方法应用在双极拓扑结构中时，如果双极拓扑结构采用大地回线运行方式时，当一个极由于过负荷受限后单独改变本极有功和无功，另外一个极跟踪受限制极，通过极间通讯接收实测有功数值，功率指令等于另外一极的实测功率大小，因此保持大地回线电流始终等于0。无功则用总的无功指令减去受限制极的实测无功数值，作为另外一极的无功指令，目的是保持总的无功不变。
采用上述方案后，本发明的有益效果为：
(1)按照这种方式改变过负荷限制极有功和无功，可以保证桥臂电流按照斜率均匀下降变化，用于消除因为桥臂电流引起压源换流器损耗发热导致水冷却容量不足引起换流器过载现象。
(2)该方法适用于双极拓扑中金属回线运行方式以及大地回线方式运行时，当其中一个极过负荷限制时，通过另外一个极的有功和无功补偿作用保持总的有功和无功不变，或者保持大地回线方式运行的接地电流始终为0。
附图说明
图1(a)是双极拓扑下金属回线运行；图1(b)是双极拓扑下大地回线运行，MMC表示modular multi-level converter模块化多电平换流器；
图2是本发明中换流器最大输出有功功率和网侧交流电压之间关系图。
具体实施方式
本发明的目的是提供一种电压源换流器过负荷限电流方法。该方法应用在柔性直流输电系统中单极或者双极拓扑中，见图2所示，极1上层控制主机103收到水冷控制系统101过负荷限制电流指令102时，按照指定斜率同时改变有功和无功指令，使得换流器的桥臂电流绝对值按照固定的斜率下降，并且可以保证有功和无功同时降到0，实现通过降桥臂电流方式达到换流器水冷限负荷目标，采用该方式可以在极控制系统收到的水冷过负荷限制功率指令解除后，有功和无功保持当前数值不变，下次收到水冷过负荷限制功率指令后继续在当前的功率数值基础上继续下降，直到下降到0功率为止，本方法可以在电压源型单极或者双极拓扑中实现水冷过负荷限制功率功能，保证换流阀过负荷时安全运行。
为了达成上述目的，本发明的实施方式为：
上层控制主机103收到水冷控制系统101过负荷限制电流指令102时，通过同时按照指定斜率同时改变有功和无功指令，使得换流器的桥臂电流绝对值按照固定的斜率下降，功率下降过程中，有功指令和无功指令按照斜率变化方法如下：
有功指令为：
Pr e f = s i g ( P 0 ) | ( P 0 &PlusMinus; &Integral; 0 t ( R A M P _ P ) d t ) |
P0为水冷限负荷前换流器输出有功功率，sig(P0)表示取初始有功功率的正负符号，RAMP_P为正的数值，表示斜率，一般取一个正的常数，表示每分钟多少MW，±取正或者负由初始有功功率P0的正负决定，如果初始有功功率P0>0，取负，如果初始有功功率P0<0，取正，无功指令变化将按照初始有功和无功的比例以固定斜率改变指令大小。
无功指令变化为：
Q r e f = Q 0 | ( P 0 &PlusMinus; &Integral; 0 t ( R A M P _ P ) d t P 0 ) |
按照这种方式改变过负荷限制极有功和无功，可以保证桥臂电流按照斜率均匀下降变化，用于消除因为桥臂电流引起压源换流器损耗发热导致水冷却容量不足引起换流器过载现象。
以上所述电压源换流器过负荷限电流方法，有功指令变化和无功指令变化是相互独立的，可以按照上述方式同时降有功和无功，也可以不改变本站无功指令，仅仅改变有功指令。
以上所述电压源换流器过负荷限电流方法，在有功功率控制站收到水冷过负荷限制电流指令，按照上述有功和无功指令变化修改自身指令，直流电压控制站收到水冷过负荷限制电流指令，通过站间通讯向对站请求发送降有功指令，同时改变本站无功指令，功率控制站收到对站请求降功率指令，按照上述方式改变有功指令，但并不改变本站无功指令。
以上所述电压源换流器过负荷限电流方法，在上层控制主机103收到的水冷过负荷限制功率指令解除后，有功和无功保持当前数值不变，手动重新输入新的功率变化斜率和功率指令数值，有功或者无功将按照新的变化斜率升降到新的功率指令大小，下次收到水冷过负荷限制功率指令后继续在当前的功率数值基础上继续下降，只到下降到0功率为止；
以上所述电压源换流器过负荷限电流方法，在双极拓扑结构中，一个极上层控制主机103过负荷受限后单独改变每个极自身的有功和无功，另外一个极上层控制主机104的有功和无功根据需要调整，有功可以跟随功率受限的极的大小同样变化，也可以保持总的有功不变为目的，调整自身有功功率大小，无功功率以保持总的无功不变为目的，调整自身无功功率大小。
以上所述电压源换流器过负荷限电流方法应用在双极拓扑结构中时，如果双极拓扑结构在降功率过程中不要求双极平衡运行时，如下图1(a)所示，当一个极103由于过负荷受限后单独改变本极有功和无功，另外一个极104保持总的有功和无功不变的方法是，让过负荷受限制的极切换到单极功率控制，含义是该极功率按照权利1所述方式，单独改变自身有功功率以及无功指令，另外一个极104则保持控制方式不变，通过通讯方式105得到过负荷限制一极的实测有功和无功数值，用总的有功和无功指令减去受限制极的有功和无功数值，作为不受限制极的有功和无功指令。
以上所述电压源换流器过负荷限电流方法应用在双极拓扑结构中时，如果双极拓扑结构在降功率过程中要求双极保持平衡运行时，如下图1(b)所示，当一个极103由于过负荷受限后单独改变本极有功和无功，另外一个极104跟踪受限制极，通过通讯105接收实测有功数值，功率指令等于另外一极的实测功率大小，因此保持大地回线电流始终等于0。无功则用总的无功指令减去受限制极的实测无功数值，作为另外一极104的无功指令，目的是保持总的无功不变。

Claims (7)

1.一种电压源换流器过负荷限电流方法，其特征在于，上层控制主机收到水冷过负荷限制电流指令时，同时或者独立按照指定斜率改变有功和无功指令，使得换流器的桥臂电流绝对值按照固定的斜率下降；
功率下降过程中，有功指令和无功指令按照斜率变化方法如下：
有功指令为：
Pr e f = s i g ( P 0 ) | ( P 0 &PlusMinus; &Integral; 0 t ( R A M P _ P ) d t ) |
其中，P0为水冷限负荷前换流器输出有功功率，sig(P0)表示取初始有功功率的正负符号，RAMP_P为正的常数，表示斜率，表示功率变化速度，±取正或者负由初始有功功率P0的正负决定，如果初始有功功率P0>0，取负，如果初始有功功率P0<0，取正；
无功指令则按照初始有功和无功的比例以固定斜率改变指令大小，
无功指令变化为：
Q r e f = Q 0 | ( P 0 &PlusMinus; &Integral; 0 t ( R A M P _ P ) d t P 0 ) |
其中，Q0为水冷限负荷前换流器输出无功功率。
2.如权利1所述电压源换流器过负荷限电流方法，其特征在于，所述有功指令变化和无功指令变化是相互独立的，具体是指，按照所述变化方法同时下降，或者不改变本站无功指令，仅改变有功指令。
3.如权利1所述电压源换流器过负荷限电流方法，其特征在于，在有功功率控制站收到水冷过负荷限制电流指令，按照所述有功和无功指令变化修改自身指令；
直流电压控制站收到水冷过负荷限制电流指令，通过站间通讯向对站发送请求降有功指令，同时改变本站无功指令，有功功率控制站收到对站请求降功率指令，按照所述方式改变有功指令，但并不改变本站无功指令。
4.如权利1所述电压源换流器过负荷限电流方法，其特征在于，在上层控制主机收到的水冷过负荷限制功率指令解除后，有功功率和无功功率保持当前数值不变，手动重新设置新的功率变化斜率和功率指令数值，有功或者无功将按照新的变化斜率升/降到新的功率指令大小，下次收到水冷过负荷限制功率指令后在当前的功率数值基础上继续下降，直到下降到0功率为止。
5.如权利1所述电压源换流器过负荷限电流方法，其特征在于，在双极拓扑结构中，一个极过负荷受限后单独改变自身的有功功率和无功功率，另外一个极的有功功率和无功功率根据运行需要调整，有功跟随功率受限的极的大小同样变化，或者保持按总的有功不变的原则，用总的有功指令减去受限制极的实测有功数值；无功功率按保持总的无功不变的原则，用总的无功指令减去受限制极的实测无功数值，作为另外一极的无功指令。
6.如权利5所述电压源换流器过负荷限电流方法，其特征在于，应用在双极拓扑结构中时，如果双极拓扑结构采用金属回线运行方式时，当一个极由于过负荷受限后单独改变本极有功和无功，另外一个极保持总的有功和无功不变的方法是，让过负荷受限制的极切换到单极功率控制，并且该极功率按照所述方式单独改变自身有功功率以及无功指令，另外一个极则保持控制方式不变，通过通讯方式得到过负荷限制一极的实测有功和无功数值，用总的有功和无功指令减去受限制极的有功和无功数值，作为不受限制极的有功和无功指令。
7.如权利5所述电压源换流器过负荷限电流方法，其特征在于，应用在双极拓扑结构中时，如果双极拓扑结构采用大地回线运行方式时，当一个极由于过负荷受限后单独改变本极有功和无功，另外一个极跟踪受限制极，通过极间通讯接收受限制极的实测有功数值，不受限制极的功率指令等于受限制极的实测功率大小，从而保持大地回线电流始终等于0；
无功则用总的无功指令减去受限制极的实测无功数值，作为另外一极的无功指令，从而保持总的无功不变。
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